Answer on Question #71021, Physics / Molecular Physics | Thermodynamics

Question. The gases in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine have a specific internal energy of
800 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 and a specific volume of 0.06 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔 at the beginning of expansion. The expansion of the gases may
be assumed to take place according to 𝑝𝑉 1.5 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡, from 55 𝑏𝑎𝑟 to 1.4 𝑏𝑎𝑟. The specific internal energy
after expansion is 230 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. Calculate the heat rejected to the cylinder cooling water per kilogram of gases
during the expansion stroke.
Given.
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑢0 = 800 𝑘𝑔; 𝑢𝑓 = 230 𝑘𝑔; 𝑝1 = 55 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 5.5 ∙ 106 𝑃𝑎; 𝑝2 = 1.4 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 0.14 ∙ 106 𝑃𝑎; 𝑣1 = 0.06 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔;

𝑝𝑣 1.5 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.
Find.
𝑞−?.
Solution.
According to the 1st law of thermodynamics

𝑞 = ∆𝑢 + 𝐴,

where 𝑞 is the heat added to the system per 𝑘𝑔; ∆𝑢 is a specific internal energy change; 𝐴 is work done on the
system per 𝑘𝑔. So

∆𝑢 = 𝑢𝑓 − 𝑢0 = 230 − 800 = −570 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔.

Then

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

𝑝1 𝑝1 1/1.5 55 1/1.5
𝑝1 𝑣1 = 𝑝2 𝑣2 → 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 → 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 ( ) = 0.06 ( ) = 0.69 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
𝑝2 𝑝2 1.4

𝑝1 ∙ 𝑣1 − 𝑝2 ∙ 𝑣2 5.5 ∙ 106 ∙ 0.06 − 0.14 ∙ 106 ∙ 0.69 𝐽

𝐴= = = 0.466 ∙ 106 = 466 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑛−1 1.5 − 1 𝑘𝑔

Finally
𝑞 = ∆𝑢 + 𝐴 = −570 + 466 = −104 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Answer. 𝑞 = −104 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔.

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