Catholic Social Teaching: Maryhill School of Theology

Maryhill School
of Theology
2nd Semester: 2018-2019
Wednesday: 8:00-11:10
Catholic
April 23, 2019
Social
Teaching
No. 62, 14th Street corner Gilmore Avenue, New Manila, Quezon City
Plato- REPUBLIC – how to create a just society?
Maryhill School
of Theology It is the condition of the soul or virtue. --- To live a just life.
Wednesday: 8:00-11:10 Justice is innate of the person.
If your just person you can help create a just society.
April 23, 2019 The virtue of justice is the key of good life.
Ideal Society: Monarch: philosopher king: who thinks what is best for the society.
It is better that those private citizen who are thinking of person interest or gain.
A just society is one in which everyone fulfills their roles so that society functions
in harmony.
Violating your role and place in the social order- even of it’s a place you don’t
want to hold – is considered unjust.
No family and no private property
Craftsmen, soldiers, rulers have their role in the society. ==== division of status
and roles to maintain a just and harmonious society
Justice: promoting harmony in the society
Maryhill School
Aristotle: Politics
of Theology
The ideal government is those in which the one, or the few,
or the many, govern with a view to the common interest.
April 23, 2019
Against a government that serves the common interest.
Everyone gets what he or she deserves not everyone gets
what he or she wants.
Member of the society deserve reward for doing good and

punishment for not doing the expected.
Common: Justice is necessary to live a good life.

Dilemma to achieve ideal society is to achieve equal
treatment and opportunity.
Concept of Justice - is important fundamental principle
where social, moral and ethic platform for daily lives.
Maryhill School
of Theology
NOTION: Justice is associated with what an individual has: money
food, health care and others. Who has more and why others have less.
April 23, 2019 Who will decide what will one gets and not and in what bases that it
must be granted to the person?
Dilemma to achieve ideal society is to achieve equal

treatment and opportunity.
Justice – EQUALITY, FAIRNESS, getting what one DESERVES

and base on the NEED of the person.
Distributive Justice: in relation to ownership
Maryhill School Justice as equality: the belief that everyone should get the
of Theology same kind and amount of share. FAIR?
Wednesday: 8:00-11:10 But is it really just for all to receive the same share wherein
April 23, 2019
one does not really need his or her share?
Need-Based Justice (Equity): Everyone shouldn’t get

the same because our needs are not the same
Reward and Punishment : Merit-based Justice: Justice actually
means giving unequally, based on what each person deserves.
Commutative justice refers to that which is owed between individuals, such

as in conducting business transactions. Commutative justice calls for
fundamental fairness in all agreements and exchanges between individuals
or private social groups.
Retributive justice: the only way for justice to be
Maryhill School satisfied is for a wrongdoer to suffer in proportion to the way
of Theology other suffers .
Wednesday: 8:00-11:10 The principle was first referenced in the Code of Hammurabi, which
predates the Hebrew bible. In the Hebrew Law, the "eye for eye" was to
April 23, 2019 restrict compensation to the value of the loss.
The passage in Leviticus states, "And a man who injures his countryman –
as he has done, so it shall be done to him [namely,] fracture under/for
fracture, eye under/for eye, tooth under/for tooth. Just as another person
has received injury from him, so it will be given to him." (Lev. 24:19–21)
Just Punishments:
Welfare Maximalization – Rehabilitation --- cure from social
deceases
Deterrence – punishment as good to the society and a form of
social control
Restorative Justice – community services
Maryhill School
John Rawls: Justice is Fairness
of Theology
Any inequality that exist in a social system, should favor the
least well-off, because this levels the playing field of society.
April 23, 2019
Justice as fairness is unfair because much will be taken from

those who are doing hard work and innovations.
Principles of Justice:
Person must have freedom and liberty behind the veil of
ignorance ( Principle of Liberty)
Social and economic inequalities are permitted , as long as
1.) they relate to the positions open to all under equality of
1921-2002
opportunity, 2.) they are for the greatest expected benefit of
the least advantaged members of the society.
Old Testament:
Maryhill School
of Theology
In the story of the Exodus (cf. Ex 3, 7-12; Dt 26, 5-
11), in the celebration of the covenant between
God and the people (Ex 19, 3-6), in the actions and
April 23, 2019
message of the prophets (cf. Is 52,7-10; 55,1-3), in
the return from exile (cf. Is 9, 1-6; 45, 20-25), God
appears close to His people. He reveals Himself as
the one who saves, who frees, who is just and
merciful (cf. Ps 103), who protects the poor, the
widow and the orphan (cf. Ps 72), who leads the
people into a future of hope, peace and
reconciliation (cf. Is 2, 1-5). The prophets stand out
as the ones who reveal God’s plan.
New Testament:
Maryhill School In Jesus Christ, God reveals His desire to recreate humanity
of Theology
2nd Semester: 2018-2019 and all creation (cf. Col 1, 15-20). In the mystery of the
Incarnation, the minority of God shines forth, His condition
April 23, 2019 as servant of humanity (cf. Phil 2, 6-8), His proximity to the
poor and the little ones, His decision to be God-with-us. In
His programmatic discourse found in Luke’s Gospel, Jesus
presents Himself as the one who has been consecrated by
the Spirit to bring glad tidings to the poor, to proclaim
liberty to the oppressed and to captives, recovery of sight to
the blind and to announce a year of favor from the Lord (cf.
Lk 4,16-19). These are signs of the Kingdom. In fact, the
mission of Jesus is centered in the proclamation of and
witness to the Kingdom of God.
New Testament:
Maryhill School
of Theology
The core of the Good News proclaimed by Jesus is
salvation as a gift of God. It is salvation from all
oppression, especially from sin and evil. Kingdom
April 23, 2019
and salvation are two key words in the teaching of
Jesus. He proclaims the Kingdom of God untiringly
in His preaching, “a completely new teaching in a
spirit of authority” (Mk 1,27), and through many
signs. “…And among these signs there is the one to
which he attaches great importance: the humble
and the poor are evangelized, become His disciples
and gather together in His name in the great
community of those who believe in Him” (EN, 12).
New Testament:
Maryhill School
of Theology Among the values of the Kingdom of God, justice and peace
receive a central place. In the Beatitudes, the Magna Carta
April 23, 2019 of the Kingdom of God, Jesus declares that those are blessed
who hunger and thirst for justice, and for those who are
persecuted for this reason, “theirs is the Kingdom of
Heaven” (Mt 5, 6.10). Equally blessed are the “peacemakers;
they shall be called children of God” (Mt 5,9). In another
passage, Jesus clearly indicates what is important in
Christian life: “Seek first the Kingdom of God, and His
righteousness” (Mt 6,33). Jesus Himself sought first the
Kingdom of God and His justice, and showed hunger and
thirst for justice and was persecuted because of it. He
Himself was the source, the giver and the cause of peace.
Suffering
Maryhill School
of Theology
2nd Semester: 2018-2019 Classical evidence-based medicine understands
pain from a naturalistic point of view, and persons
April 23, 2019 as beings are divided into two different entities: the
body and the mind. Even if this perspective has led
to great success in the relief of pain, certain
problems have remained partially or entirely
unresolved and/or unexplained, for instance the
placebo effect, chronic pain and non-somatic pain.
Suffering = sickness
Maryhill School
of Theology
2nd Semester: 2018-2019 • Part of human existence?
• It is not only health issue (biological) but socio,
April 23, 2019 economic and political ….. Religious.
Sick Body
(person) or Economic, political,
community/ social and even religious
society
Social Suffering
Maryhill School
of Theology
• To understand the person’ experience, social
context is necessary
April 23, 2019 • Human suffering is not a human condition but
is SOCIAL condition
• It is not universal phenomenon but a social
phenomenon that must be confronted (Justice
/Peace)
• Important to develop a new way of perceiving
suffering and it is very important to give a
“name to suffering.”
Social Suffering according to…
Maryhill School
of Theology
Karl Marx
April 23, 2019

- The capitalist system aims to maximize
productivity of labors are put into effect
at the cost of individual workers.
- ALIENATION
Maryhill School
of Theology
Max Weber
April 23, 2019

- The experience of suffering as
meaninglessness takes place within
distinctive forms of culture that are
always open to change.
- Culture === RELIGION
- Protestant Ethics (Capitalism)
Maryhill School
of Theology
Emile Durkheim
April 23, 2019

- Human suffering is constituted as an
emotional charged response to
transformation in the experience of social
solidarity.
- SUICIDE (1897) – case study of suicide
- Social disengagement (socially intact
controlled by religion)
- Anomie -the lack of normal ethical or social standard
Maryhill School
of Theology
Emile Durkheim
April 23, 2019

- Human suffering is constituted as an
emotional charged response to
transformation in the experience of social
solidarity.
- SUICIDE (1897) – case study of suicide
- Social disengagement (socially intact
controlled by religion)
- Anomie -the lack of normal ethical or social standard
Personal / Social Suffering
Social Injustices
Structural Violence Socio-Economic
Structural/Social Sin
Political
Insitutionalized Violence
Religious
Maryhill School
of Theology
Social Suffering Hermeneutics
April 23, 2019
1. Praxiological nature of the experience of
suffering.
2. Presence of interest in naming of suffering
3. Interplay between personal and social suffering
4. Core symbol systems and cultural discourses

Catholic Social Teaching: Maryhill School of Theology

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Maryhill School

No family and no private property

Member of the society deserve reward for doing good and

Common: Justice is necessary to live a good life.

Dilemma to achieve ideal society is to achieve equal

Justice – EQUALITY, FAIRNESS, getting what one DESERVES

Need-Based Justice (Equity): Everyone shouldn’t get

Commutative justice refers to that which is owed between individuals, such

Justice as fairness is unfair because much will be taken from

April 23, 2019 economic and political ….. Religious.

April 23, 2019

April 23, 2019

April 23, 2019

April 23, 2019

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