vii

ABSTRACT

In this study, a Drip Irrigation System design was proposed at the

agricultural areas of Sitio Migbanday, Claveria, Misamis Oriental. In the system,

crops were propagated by small drops of water coming from the emitters that were

installed along the small pipes that were called as laterals. Required water

consumption of the crops were calculated, considering the type of soil and climate,

followed by the analysis of pipe design for the main, sub-main lines and laterals.

Analysis of flow were calculated by the use of EPANET 2.0 Software, with the

hydraulic model created for the design.

With minimum Crop Water Requirement of 0.69 L/day, which is needed for

the early stages of plant growth, and maximum Crop Water Requirement of 1.48

L/day, which is needed for the latter stage of the plant growth, the minimum and

maximum demand of water were determined which had the values of 39.342 L/day

and 84.387 L/day, respectively. Average Discharge of the source found out to be

1.16 L/day, which is the volume of water to be used to propagate plants per day.

With the design of 100.22 cu. m capacity Reinforced Concrete water

storage, 100-mm diameter HDPE pipe for main lines, 100-mm diameter HDPE

pipe for sub-main lines,75-mm diameter manifold pipe, 20-mm diameter pipe for

the laterals, and 0.5L/hr PCJ Point-Source Emitter, the Drip Irrigation system was

at its most efficient when the crops were propagated at a time period of

approximately 3 hours with a demand rate of 0.000139 L/sec.

 vii

The Equipment, Materials for the construction and labour cost Php

4,604,255.67 and from the Cost Benefit Analysis of the Project, Cash Returns was

achieved after 5 years, and was proved to be cost-effective, with a Cost-Benefit

Ratio of 1.798095428.
 vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i
LIST OF FIGURES----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vi
LIST OF TABLES------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vii

CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study---------------------------------------------
1
1.2 Statement of the Problem-------------------------------------------
2
1.3 Objectives of the Study----------------------------------------------
3
1.4 Significance of the Study-----------------------------------------------------------------
3
1.5 Scope and Limitation----------------------------------------------------------------------
4
1.6 Conceptual Framework-------------------------------------------------
5
1.7 Definition of Terms------------------------------------------------------
5

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8

3 METHODOLOGY 15
3.1 Research Locale----------------------------------------------------------------------------
16
3.2 Reconnaissance----------------------------------------------------------------------------
17
3.3 Collection of Data---------------------------------------------------------------------------
18
3.3.1 Source Profile-----------------------------------------------------------------------
18
3.3.2 Topography-------------------------------------------------------------------------
19
3.3.3 Rainfall Data------------------------------------------------------------------------
19
3.3.4 Soil Data-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
19
3.3.5 Crop Water Requirement--------------------------------------------------------
20
3.3.6 Instrument---------------------------------------------------------------------------
20
 vii

3.4 Design-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42
3.4.1 Piping---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42
3.4.1.1 Design Specification--------------------------------------------------
42
3.4.1.2 Working Pressure-----------------------------------------------------
43
3.4.1.3 Design Pressure-------------------------------------------------------
46
3.4.1.4 Service Factor----------------------------------------------------------
46
3.4.1.5 System Capacity-------------------------------------------------------
46
3.4.1.6 Head Losses------------------------------------------------------------
46
3.4.1.7 Design Velocity---------------------------------------------------------
47
3.4.1.8 Outlet---------------------------------------------------------------------
47
3.4.1.9 Check Valve------------------------------------------------------------
47
3.4.1.10 Pressure Relief Valve-------------------------------------------------
47
3.4.1.11 Fittings--------------------------------------------------------------------
48
3.4.1.12 Soil Type and Water Movement-----------------------------------
48
3.4.1.13 Emitter--------------------------------------------------------------------
48
3.4.1.14 Automatic volumetric metering valve-----------------------------
49
3.4.2 Reservoir----------------------------------------------------------------------------
49
3.4.2.1 Size Capacity-----------------------------------------------------------
50
3.4.2.2 Design Shape-----------------------------------------------------------
50
3.4.2.3 Design of Walls and Flooring---------------------------------------
50
3.4.2.4 Soil Characteristic-----------------------------------------------------
50
3.4.2.5 Bearing Capacity-------------------------------------------------------
51
3.4.2.6 Outlet---------------------------------------------------------------------
51
3.4.2.7 Inlet------------------------------------------------------------------------
51
3.4.2.8 Quantity Estimation---------------------------------------------------
51
3.5 Simulation using Epanet Application------------------------------------------
52
3.5.1 Design Layout----------------------------------------------------------
53
3.5.1.1 Source-------------------------------------------------------
53
3.5.1.2 Reservoir Location----------------------------------------
53
3.5.1.3 Piping Layout----------------------------------------------
54
3.5.1.4 Design Parameters---------------------------------------
54
3.6 Plans and Estimates--------------------------------------------------------------
54
3.7 Economic Analysis----------------------------------------------------------------
54
3.8 Conclusion and Recommendation---------------------------------------------
54
 vii

4 RESULT AND CONCLUSION 55

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 89

APPENDIX A -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91

APPENDIX B -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
104

APPENDIX C -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
138

APPENDIX D -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
141

APPENDIX E -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
153

APPENDIX F -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
249

APPENDIX G -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
259

APPENDIX H -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
267

REFERENCES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
272
 vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

5

2 Component of a Drip Irrigation -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9

3 Flowchart of Activities ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15

3 Cash Flow Diagram -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

87
 vii

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 List of Crop Varieties found in Pobalcion, CLaveria, Misamis

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

2 Crop Total growing period (FAO) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20

3 Values of the crop factor (Kc) for various crops and growth
stages (FAO) --------------------------------------------------------------- 21

4 The Hazen Williams Coefficient ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

37

5 Shows Schedule 40 Dimension ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

44

6 Shows Schedule 80 Dimension ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

44

7 Shows Schedule 120 Dimension --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

45

8 Working Pressure of Emitter -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

48

9 Estimated Soil Water Holding Capacity ------------------------------------------------------------------------

50

10 Tabulated data in getting the daily Crop Water Requirement

(CWR) per crop. (January to May) ----------------------------------- 57

11 Tabulated data in getting the total daily Crop Water

Requirement (CWR) in 3.325 ha. (January to May) -------------- 60

12 Tabulated data in getting the daily Crop Water Requirement

(CWR) per crop. (June to October) ---------------------------------- 62

13 Tabulated data in getting the total daily Crop Water

Requirement (CWR) in 3.325 ha. (June to October) ------------- 62

14 Discharge Values for every Source Station -------------------------------------------------------------------

63

15 10-Days Water Scheduling ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

78

16 Summary of Junctions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

64

17 Flushing Schedule --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

80

18 Data used for analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

83

19 Tabulation of Amortization Schedule ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

85
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20 Total Interest from Amortization ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

85

21 Tabulation of Cash Flow -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

86

22 Total Interest from Amortization ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

85

23 Network Table – Junction result -------------------------------------- 153

24 Network Table – Junction Results intended for Flushing--------------------------------------------------

177

25 Network Table – Pipe Results -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

200

26 Network Table – Pipe Results intended for Flushing--------------------------------------------------------

224

27 Data for Irrigation Design ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

248

28 Hourly Demand Pattern --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

248

29 Flushing Calculation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

259

30 Calculation of Crop Water Requirements ---------------------------------------------------------------------

267

31 Values of Climate ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

267

32 5-Year Minimum and Maximum Average Temperature ----------------------------------------------------

268

33 5-Year Average Sunshine ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

268

34 5-Year Average Humidity -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

269

35 Rain and Effective in a year --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

269

36 5-Year Average Humidity -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

269

37 Tabulation of Evaporation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

270

38 5-Year Average Humidity -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

269

39 5-Year Average Humidity -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

269