http://prokum.esdm.go.id/Publikasi/Statistik/Statistik%20Batubara.

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http://prokum.esdm.go.id/Publikasi/Statistik/Statistik%20Minyak%20Bumi.pdf
http://www.drn.go.id/files/BPPT%20-%20Outlook%20Energi%20Indonesia%202013.pdf
http://ny.whlib.ac.cn/pdf/Survey_of_Energy_Resources_2007.pdf

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MANSTEIN, H.,DE LANGE, M., and O'CONNOR, C.T. 1996. TPR study on the
preparation of impregnated Co/SiO2 catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, vol. 162. pp. 220–230.

Pino, L. Z., R. B. Solari, S. Siquier, L. Antonio Estevez, and M. M. Yepez,‘‘Effect of

Operating Conditions on Gas Holdup in Slurry Bubble Columns with a Foaming
Liquid,’’Chem. Eng. Commun.,117(1), 367 (1992)

Hills J.H. (1974) Radial non-uniformity of velocity and voidage in a bubble column,Trans.
Inst. Chem. Eng.52, 1-9

Fan L.S. (1989)Gas-liquid-solid fluidization engineering,Stoneham MA: Butterworth.

Thorat BN, Joshi JB. Regime transition in bubble columns: experimental and predictions.
Exp Therm Fluid Sci 2004;28:423–30.

de Swart, J.W.A., Van Vliet, R.E., Krishna, R. “Size, Structure and Dynamics of
“Large”Bubbles in a Two-Dimensional Slurry Bubble Column,”. Chemical Engineering
Science,Vol. 51,(1996), pp. 4619-4629.

Lemoine, R., Behkish, A., Morsi, B.I.,“Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Characteristicsin
Organic Liquid Mixturesin a Large-Scale Bubble Column Reactor for TolueneOxidation
Process,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 43, (2004), pp.6195-6212.

N. Rados, M.H. Al-dahhan, M.P. Dudukovic, (2003), Modeling of the Fischer-Tropsch

synthesis in slurry bubble column reactors, Catal. Today 79-80 211-218

de Swart, J. W. A. and R. Krishna, ‘‘Simulation of the Transient and Steady State Behavior
of a Bubble Column Slurry Reactor for Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis,’’Chem. Eng.
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Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1986. 64: p. 501-504.
Zou, R., et al., Studies on gas holdup in a bubble column operated at elevated temperatures.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1988. 27(10): p. 1910-1916
Kawase, Y., et al., Theoretical Prediction of Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficients in
Bubble Columns for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids. Chemical Engineering Science,
1987. 42: p. 1609-1617.
Kawase, Y. and M. Moo-Young, Oxygen transfer in slurry bioreactors. Biotechnology and
Bioengineering, 1991. 37(10): p. 960-966.
Reilly, I.G., et al., A Correlation for Gas Holdup in Turbulent Coalescing Bubble Columns.
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1986. 64: p. 705-717.
Schumpe, A., dan Grund, G., Gas/liquid mass transfer in a slurry bubble column. Chemical
Engineering Science, 1987. 42(7): p. 1787-1796.
Smith, D.N. and J.A. Ruether, Dispersed solid dynamics in a slurry bubble column. Chemical
Engineering Science, 1985. 40(5): p. 741-754.
Krishna, R. and J. Ellenberger, Gas holdup in bubble column reactors operating in the churn-
turbulent flow regime. AIChE Journal, 1996. 42(9): p. 2627-2634.
Ellenberger, J. and R. Krishna, A unified approach to the scale-up of gas-solid fluidized bed
and gas-liquid bubble column reactors. Chemical Engineering Science, 1994. 49: p. 5391-
5411.
öztürk, S.S., et al., Organic liquids in a bubble column: Holdups and mass transfer
coefficients. AIChE Journal, 1987. 33(9): p. 1473-1480.
Shah, Y.T., et al., Design Parameters Estimations for Bubble Column Reactors. AIChE
Journal, 1982. 28(3): p. 353-379.
Kang, Y., et al., Diagnosis of Bubble Distribution and Mass Transfer in Pressurized Bubble
Columns with Viscous Liquid Medium. Chemical Engineering Science, 1999. 54(21): p.
4887-4893.
Hikita, H., et al., The Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient in Bubble Columns. The
Chemical Engineering Journal, 1981. 22(1): p. 61-69.
Mersmann, A., Design and Scale-up of Bubble and Spray Columns. German Chemical
Engineering, 1978. 1: p. 1-11
Deckwer, W.D., Louisi, Y., Zaidi, A., Ralek, M.., Hydrodynamic Properties of the Fischer-
Tropsch Slurry Process. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and
Development, 1980. 19(4): p. 699-708.
Saxena, S.C., Chen, Z.D., “Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer of Baffled and Unbaffled
Slurry Bubble Column”, Rev. Chem. Eng., Vol. 10, (1994), pp.193.
Suh, I.S., et al., Gas Liquid Mass Transfer in the Bubble Column with Viscoelastic Liquid.
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1991. 69(2): p. 506-512.