CFE102:CHRI

STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
COURSECONTENT
Cour seNumb er: CFE102
Cour seDes c
ription
Thec ourseint rod ucest hes tudentstot hemai nthemesofChr is
tianMor alit
y . Its ear c
hes
mored eep l
y,int hel ightofChr isti
anf ai
t h,f ort hemeani nginGod’sd esi
gnf orhumanki ndand
creationoft hep l
ur alityofmor ali ss
uesandc oncernswi t
hwhi chwe( humankind/ Chr
ist
ians )ar e
surround edmos tes pec i
all
yi nt hec ontemp oraryt i
me.Chr isti
anMoralityaskswhatl i
fei sand
seeks,i nt hel i
ghtofChr istianf ai
th,toi nter prett heb asi
cgoalord irecti
onofhumanki nd. I t
studiest her el
at ions hi
pb et weenr evel
at ionandf aith,gr aceands i
nandf aithands alvation.
ChristianMor ali
tys t udiesthev ar i
ousp arad i
gm-s hiftsint hec ont
extoft hehi storyofs al
v ation
andi nt heirrelations hiptot hemy s
teryofJes usChr istandt heChr
ist
ianChur ch.

COURSEOUTPUT:
1.REACTI ONPAPERSORREFLECTI ONPAPERS
(Theyar egivendur i
ngClassr
oom-mode)
2.POWERPOI NTPRESENTATI ONONSPECI ALMORALTOPI CS/ISSUES
(Topi
c stob eagreedup onandapprov
edb ytheFacul
ty;Writtenoutputt
obed
eter
mined
bythef aculty)
3.ESSAYS
(Personalinsi
ghts)
4. Wr i
ttenexami nations,homework/
assignment,ac
t i
vit
iesandquizzes

NOTE:Sub
mis
sionofp
aperout
put
stob
edet
ermi
nedb
ytheFac
ult
yinc
ons
ult
ati
onwi
ths
tud
ent
s.

PERFORMANCESTANDARD
 Cas
est
udyp
erp
eri
odi
cal
 Cas
est
udyb
ygr
oup
 Cl
ipp
ings
/ac
tualr
eli
abl
esour
ces
 Rub
ric
spat
ter
nedf
romc
hap
ter1

PRELI
MS
GENERALI
NTRODUCTI
ON
Itiswellknownt hatthePhil
ippi
neshasc onti
nuedt obeoneoft hetwoChr i
sti
annat i
onsinAs i
a.
Thi
sr el
igi
ouss et
t i
ngwasat r
emend ousfor ceinshapi
ngt hecountryandisespec
ial
lymanif ested
i
nt hegovernmentandp ri
v at
es ectors.Howev er,i
tisals
owi d
elyknownt hatourcountryisf aced
wit
hi nj
us t
ice,poli
tic
alprobl
ems ,andad windli
ngsenseofmor ali
ty.Acommonf ormofi njus t
ice
fac
edb ymanyFi l
ipi
nosispoverty.
wehav eac r
isi
sofval
ueswhich,i nhighl
yd evel
opeds oci
etiesi
np art
icul
ar,assumesthefor
m,
oftenexal
tedbythemedia,ofsub j
ectivi
sm,mor alrelat
ivi
smandni hi
li
sm.(CONGREGATIONFOR
CATHOLICEDUCATION(f
orSemi nariesandEd ucationalInst
itut
ions)THECATHOLI CSCHOOLON
THETHRESHOLDOFTHETHI RDMI LLENNIUM)
I
nt hes ec
onds t
oryofc r
eationinGenesis2:15,weread:“TheLor
dGodthent ookthemanand
s
ettledhiminthegar
denofEd en,tocul
tivateandcareforit.
” The ver s
e f its withi
n t he
c
reat i
onstorythathasac ontinui
ngthemeofGod '
sgivi
ngor d
ertoHiscreati
on.Man,i nthis
v
erse,iscall
edtocul
tivateandc ar
e f orthegardenofEden,nottop
ossessitindi
scr
iminat
ely.
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
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TYI
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MES
Thoughcult
ivat
ingandc ar
inginferdomi
nion,s
til
liti
snotowner
s hi
pthatthever
sep
oint
sat
,
rather
,stewardshi
p.Thi
sverseremind
susonwhatman'spl
acei
ncreati
onshoul
dbe.

Humanb eingshav e,t heref ore,becomec onfused,almosttot hep ointoff orgetting,t hei
rp r
op er
placeinc reation.Thi sc onf usi
onhasgi venwayt othemat erial
isticc onsciousnessofhumani ty.
PopeBened i
ctr es onatest hiskindofp red i
camentast hecr i
sisofmod ernc onsciousness:“The
obscuringoff aithi ncreat i
on,whi chevent ual
lyl
edt oitsalmostc omplet edisappearanc e,i
sc l
osely
connec tedwi tht he“ spir
itofmod ernity
.”I tisaf undamentalpartofwhatc ons ti
tut esmodernity.
Togos traightt ot hep oi
nt :t hefoundati
onsofmod ernit
yar ether eas onf ort hedisappearanceof
“creation”f r
om t hehor izonsofhi storicall
yinfl
uent i
althought .Thusours ubj
ec tleadst othe
veryc ent eroft hed ramaofmod er
nityandt othec oreoft hep resentc ri
sis–t hec ri
si
soft he
mod er
nc onscious ness.”
Thiscours
ei sd esignedforthef reshmenCICMc ol
leges tud
ent sinthei rsearchfort hemeani ngof
l
ifeinGod,i nandt hr
oughChr i
st ,theWayofLifeandt heTr uth.Thisc ourseenablest hemtoknow
whatt heChr i
s tianCommuni ty( Church)pr
ofesses,c elebrates,liv
esandp r
aysi nherd ai
lylif
e,
whichisinagr eementwi ththec alloftheCathol
icBi shops’Conf erenc eofthePhi l
ipp i
nes(CBCP)
andatt hes amet ime,thev is
ionoft heSecondPl enar yCounc iloft hePhili
ppines( PCPI I
),ofa
renewed integr alev angeli
zation whichincl
udes r enewed c atec
hes is,renewed wor shi
p,and
renewedap ostolate.
TOPI
CINTRODUCTI
ON
Present-dayp henomena–s ci
entifi
candt echnologi
calmil
estones,bursti
ngt alentsandd iver
se
skil
ls
,global
izedmar kets,surgingd emoc raci
esandwi l
lf
ulexuberantvoic
es–hav epaint
edar oll
er
coasterridetot hec ontemp orarymi l
ieuofev erymanandwoman. I tisobs ervedthati nthe
contemporaryp eriod,“ Reasoni sent hronedwhilefai
thorr el
igi
oni sdethr
oned . Reas onandi t
s
powerar eputatt hecenterwhi lef aithandr el
igi
onareatt hemar gi
ns.”Rel
igionandf ai
thhave
become‘commod ities’thatar etob et aken,butonlywhentheyar eneeded.

Ber nar dHar ing,hasi nsi

sted,t hr oughouthi swr it i
ngsandov ermanyy ear s,thatChr isti
anl i
fe
mus tb eund erstoodasar espons et oGod ’
ss elf -off eri nChr istandt oGod ’sinvi
tat i
ont oa
relat ionship.Onef actorenc ouragi ngar eturnt ov i
rt ueet hics,oratl eastt ot her hetoricof
virtue,i sthewi d
es preadpercep tiont hatours ociet yisi nmor alc ri
si
s.Thi spr esentsthec hal
lenge
tot r anslatet heChr isti
anf ait
hi nt oac ti
on. I tgi vesac l
ear erv i
ewoft hed i
gnityoft hehuman
pers on,b eingt heagentofmor ality.I tal
sogui dest hes t
ud ent st oabet terund ers
tandingoft he
princ ipl
esofmor al
ity.Thiswoul dl eadt hem t oad eep eri ns i
ghtont heTenCommand ments,
culmi nat i
ngonChr i
st’
sCommand mentofLov eandt heBeat itud es.Thi
sc hap terc oncl
udeswi ththe
prec ep tsoft heChur c handas ynt hes i
soft heCat holicSoc i
alTeac hi
ngs.Al loft heseareexc ell
ent
basesofChr isti
anb ehav i
orandawayofl ife,ali
f eofmi ssion.
I.CHRISTIANMORALI TY:BASI CASSUMPTIONS
 ETHICS- at heoreti
caltas
kt hati nv
olvescaref
ulrefl
ecti
onont henat
ureofahuman
pers
on.Bas edont hisrefl
ecti
on,oned eri
vesthenormati
vep r
inc
ipl
eswhi
chgover
none’s
rel
ations
hipwithothers,theenvironment,andGod.Theusualquesti
onweaski
nEt hi
csi
s:
Whataret
heunc
hangi
ngpr
inc
ipl
est
hatgui
demei
ndet
ermi
ninggoodf
rombad,r
ightf
rom
wrong?
 MORALITY–r ef
erstotheprac
tic
alap
pli
cati
onofethi
calp
rinci
plesi
ndet
ermini
nggoodmor
al
behav
ior. Theques
tionsweas Whats
k: houl
dIdointhissi
tuati
on?DoIhavetheri
ghttodo
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
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t
his
?AmIwi
ll
ingt
obeac
count
abl
efort
hec
ons
equenc
esofmyac
tion?
A.ETYMOLOGI
CALMEANI
NG
-LATI
NWORD: MOS/
MORES(
CUSTOM/
CHARACTER)
B.DESCRI
PTI
VEMORALI
TY
-THESTUDYOFMORALBEHAVIORORCONDUCTOFMANPUTFORWARDBYASOCI
ETY
ANDINSOFARASTHESEPRI
NCI
PLESAREKNOWNBYREASON

POI
NTSOUTTHEWAY TORIGHTLI
VINGANDCOMPELSMANTO FOLLOW THE DI
RECTI
ONS
TOHIS/HERULTI
MATEDESTI
NY MORALITYDEALSWI
THTHEPROBLEMS
1.WHATI
STHEPURPOSEOFHUMANLI
FE?
2.WHEREAREWEGOI
NG?
3.WHATI
SOURDESTI
NYANDWHATI
STHEWAYTOATTAI
NIT?
COurwor l
datp resentisexp er i
enc ingaf undament alcrisi
s:Ac ri
sisinglobal economy,glob
al
O ec
ology,and gl
o balpol
itic
s .T hela ck of agrand vi
s i
on, thetangleof unreso l
ved pr
o bl
ems,
Npolit
icalparal
ys i
s,med ioc
r ep oli
tical leadershi
pwi thlittl
einsightorf oresight,andingeneral
T t
oo l
ittl
e sense f
o rthe comm o nw ealth are s
e eneve ry
w here. Ourpre s
e nt-day experi
enceof
Eglobalcris
iscanb eb estchar ac t
er izedas :
X Humanshav ebecomed eafandb li
ndandins
ensit
ivetothephy
sic
al,ethi
calandrel
igi
ous
T degradati
onandd esecrationoftheEarththattheanthr
opoc
entri
smormor e
specifi
call
y,theandrocentr
ism ofc ont
emp orar
yc ulturesandreli
gionshavecr
eated.
Likewise,humanhaveb eenre-c
astintotechno-sapienst hatfav
ormuc hofthe
technologi
caladvanc
esatt heexpenseofthehomos apiensandthenat ur
alworl
d. The
Ear t
hisnol ongerasourceofcalmandpeace,nol ongerap ur
epromiseofgood
nessand
hap p
iness.

HansKungc laimst hatt heagonyi ss op er v

as iv
eandur gentt hatwear ec omp elledt onamei ts
manifestationss ot hatt hed ep thoft hisp ainmayb emad ec l
ear .Peaceel ud esus–t hep lanetis
bei
ngd estroy ed–nei ghb orsliveinf ear–womenand menar ees trangedf romeac hot her–
chi
ldr
end i
e! Thi sisa s i
tuat iont hatp ushesp eop letot hemar gi
ns.Thi sc ri
siss houldb r i
ngus
backtoours ens e. I ft hisisd one,t her ei sac hanc et hatours ens eoft hehol yc anb es aved .
Weneedanewwor ldview,awor ldvi
ewt hatemp has izest heintegr i
tyofc r eation. Byt hiswe
mean,t hev alueofal lcreatur esinandf ort hems elves,f oroneanot her ,andf orGod ,andt heir
int
erconnec t ednessi nad i
vers ewhol et hathasuni quev aluef orGod ,t oget herc onstitutet he
int
egr i
tyofc reation. Toac hievet hi sgoal ,confidenc eint hep owerofs c ienceandt echnol ogy
orhumanp owerb er eplaced,ifnott emp ered ,byc onf i
denc eintheGodofb i
b l
icalt r
ad it
ion.
Thehumanv ocationt ob eGod ’sc o-cr eator smus tb er elaunchedi nor derf orahab i
tab l
ewor ld
toemer ge.
IA.HumanPer sonasaMor alAgent
N
…ThenGods aid,“Letusmakehumanki ndi nouri mage,ac c
or dingt oourl i
keness;andl ett hem
S
haved omini
onov ert hefishofthesea,andov ert hebirdsoft heai r,andov erthec attle,and
Pov erallthewildani malsoftheearth,andov erev erycreepi
ngt hingt hatcreepsup ont he
Iear th.”SoGodc reat edhumankindinhisimage,int heimageofGodhec r
eatedt hem;mal eand
Rf emalehec reatedt hem. Godb les
sedthem,andGods aidtothem,“ Bef rui
t f
ulandmul ti
ply,
Eandf i
lltheearthands ubduei
t;andhav edominionov erthef i
s hoft hes eaandov ert heb i
r dsof
Dt heairandov erev eryliv
ingthi
ngt hatmov esup ontheear th.( Genesis1:26-28)
 CFE102:CHRI
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TYI
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W
O
Ani nter pr et at i
onofones tor yonc r eat iont ellsust hatatt hes ummi tofc reat i
ons tandman
R
andwoman,mad ei nGod ’simage.TheBi blev igor ous l
y ,af f irmst hes ac red nes sord ignityof
D
ever yp er son.Thes tor yp roc l
ai mst hatweenj oyt hisd igni ty,b yv irtueofGod ’slov e,whi c
h
S
shap esusp r i
ort oanyp ersonal achiev ement sors ocialat t ributes .I fwewer et oi dent i
fy
&
our selveswi t har ole( Iamt hep resid entoft heSSC) ,anac hievement( Iamt hehi ghes tpointer
C
inourb as ket b allteam) ,ors oc ialatt rib ut e( Iamt her eigni ngMs .Bagui o) ,thenwewoul dmi ss
H
thet r
ut ht hatourd igni tyc omesp rimar ilyf r omourr el ations hipt oGod .
U
R
C
Ap r i
mar yp r i
nc ipl
eofmor alands piritual lifei st hatourhumand ignityd oesnotd ep endon
H
humanac hi ev ement ,b uti tisagi ftofd ivinel ov e,whi c hi sgr ace,wewi llr emai nGod ’simage.We
’
willenj oyas ac redd igni ty–whet herwes inornot ,whet herwear es ocial l
yac cept ab l
eornot .
S
Thiss ituat ioni nvitesusonc emor et ot hi nkandc ritical lyr ef l
ectab outt hemeani ngofhuman
T
dignity. Thi si nv i
tat ioni sc r uc i
al f
ori tp rov okesust ot hinki nor dert omakeahol i
s t
ic
E
ap proac hinund er stand ingwhati tmeanst ob ehumanandi nr esp ond i
ngt ot hep rob lemsand
A
reals ituat ionsandi s suesoft hes ociet ywear ec onf r ont edwi th.
C
H1.AsaCr eat i
onofGod( Humanper s oni saSub jec t,Humanper s onasanemb odiedSub ject)
I Tos peakoft hehumanp er sonasas ub j ec tist os ayt hatt hep ersoni si nc hargeofhi s/her
Nownl i
fe.Thep er soni samor alagentwi thac er tai nd egr eeofaut onomy&s elfd et ermination
Gemp ower edt oac tac cor dingt ohi sc ons c i
enc e,i nf r eed om,andwi thknowl ed ge. Thegr eat
Smor alimp l
ic at i
onoft hep ersonass ub j ec tist hatnoonemayev erus eahumanp er sonasan
objec torasameanst oanendt hewaywed oot hert hingsoft hewor ld.Ev eryr ightent ai
lsa
dut yofd emand ingr es pec tf ort hem.Ands owemus tr es p ectt heot herasanaut onomousagent
cap ableofac t i
ngwi tht hef r eed omofani nf or medc ons cienc e.Exp loitationofhumanp ersonf or
one’ sownad vant agei snev eral l
owed .Wes howr es pec tf ort hehumanp er sonasas ubjectb y
guar ant eei ngt hathe/ shec anac tont heb as isofad ul yi nfor medandf reec ons cienc e.
Asas ubjec t
,t hehumanp erson,isnor mallycall
edtob ec onsc i
ous ,toactac cord
ingt ohis
consc i
enc e,inf reedomandi nr esp onsi
b l
emanner .Ap ersonisr es ponsibl
enotonl yforwhathe
orshed oes,b utals ofarmor eprof ound l
yf orwhoheors heis. Thati swhyfr eedomisso
fund ament alt othisdimensionoft hehumanp erson. Mor eov er,int hef i
rsti
ns tanceitdoes
notmeans imp l
yf reedomtoc hoos e. I tmeansf r
eedomt ob e–t oac ceptoneselfandt obecome
ones el
f. Ourt raditi
onalunder s
t and i
ngofmor al
itytakest his‘sub ject’d
imens i
onasi ts
start i
ng-p oint.Mor al
ityisaboutourr esponsi
bil
ityforwhatwed oandt hekindofp ersonwe
choos etob ec ome. Thati swhyac er
tainmi ni
muml eveloff reed omandund erstandinghave
alway sb eent akenasp r
e-requisit esformor alresponsi
bili
ty.

CONSI
DERTHI
S:
PERSONI
SACREATI
ONOFGOD
 ThatGodi
sthes
our
ceandgr
oundoft
hep
ers
on’
sbei
ng(
gal
ings
a
Diy
os)
 Thatt
hep
ers
onasac
reat
ioni
snotaGod(
diy
os-d
iyos
an)

 Att
hep
res
ent
,who/
whati
scr
eat
ingt
hep
ers
on?
 CFE102:CHRI
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- Tec
hnol
ogy
- Mas
smed
ia
- Money(
per
asonal
ity
)
2.Asani mageandLi kenessofGod( uni que,b eli
ever,redeemedb yJesus,templeoft heHoly
Spi
rit
)
Thi
sas pectisamongt heessentialdi
mens i onsofb ei
ngahumanp erson.Withouti
t,ourat tempt
todel
ineatet hemajord i
mensionsofb eingahumanp ersonwouldb efundamentall
yflawed .To
omitthi
sd imensi
onwoul dbetogi v
eas eriouslyincompleteacc
ountoft hehumanp er
s on.Such
anaccount,t her
efore,wouldnotc orres pondt oreali
tyasweknowi t.
Wei nt
er p
rett he“ knowandwor s hi
pGod ”d imens i
onofb ei
ngahumanp er sonasb ei ngawayof
expressi
ngt heop ennes softhehumanp er sont otheexp eri
enc eoft r ans c
end ence.Thi sref
ers
toourc apacit
yt ob elostinwond erbefor et hemy steryofr eality.Iti sthatd imens i
onofus
thatisabletor egister‘mystery
’ andnotj ust‘puzzlement ’
inf aceoft hos eexp eriencesinl
ife
whichgob eyondt hel i
mitsofourhumanc omp rehension.Ther ootsoft hisd i
mens iond onotli
ein
ourignorance,t hef actthatweenc ount erc ertainphenomenawhos ec auseswec annot
determinefort hep resent.Itsrootsli
enoti nourignor anceb utint heweal t
hofour
understandi
ng.I ti salmostasthought hemor ewec omet ound er
s t
andr ealit
y ,themor eweare
l
edt obelostinwond erb ef
oreit.
Thi
sd i
mens i
onofb einghumanaskstheques ti
onoft hemeaningandtruthofUlti
mateReality
notonlyasitisini t
selfbutasi
tisexi
stentiall
yr el
atedtous.Thisr
aisesthewholeques
tionof
revel
ation,thep oss
ibi
li
tyofaspeci
alself
-d i
sclos
ureoft hi
s‘Ulti
mat
eReal i
ty’
tohumanb eings
.
Chris
tianit
yb el
ievesthatsuchasel
f-dis
closurehasac tual
lytakenp
laceinthehi
storyofa
parti
cularpeopl
eandmos tuni
quel
yinthep ersonofJes usChris
t.
CONSI
DERTHI
S:
PERSONI
SMADEI
NGOD’
SIMAGEANDLI
KENESS
 Thatt
hep
ers
oni
smad
einGod
’sb
asi
cchar
act
eri
sti
c–Hi
sGOODNESS.
 Thus
,ever
yper
sonb
ynat
urei
sGood(
Hehads
eenwhatHehadc
reat
ed
asGood
)

 Ifthepersonbynaturei
sgood,howc omethatatt
hep
res
entwe
exp
erienc
et heevi
lnes
sandcrueltyoftheworld
?
- Op
pres
sion
- Exp
loi
tat
ion
- Pov
ert
y
3.Asas ocialBeing(HumanPer sonisessential
lyint errelat
ionalwithot herhumanper s
ons,
HumanPer s onareinterdependentsoci
albeings)
Fundament alequali
tyisnotclai
mingthatwear eal lequallygif
ted ,whetherintermsof
int
ell
igence,orb eauty,ortemperament,orwhat ever .Itsbasi
sliesinthef actthatwear eal
l
memb ersoft hehumans peci
es.Humanp ersonsarei ndiv
idualsbel
ongingt othespecies
humankind.
Fund
ament
alequal
it
yasmemb
ersoft
heones
pec
iesgoeshandi
nhandwi
thuni
quenes
sas
 CFE102:CHRI
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ind
iv i
dualswithi
nt hatspec ies.Thi st rutht oohasv erys peci
alsignifi
cancef orthehuman
person.Thisuniquenes sc ont ainsd egr eeofor igi
nalitywhi chisnotf oundinanyot herspecies.
Itlinksinwitht heot herd imens i
onsoft hehumanp er sonwehav ealreadylookedat.For
ins
t ance,asaut onomouss ub jec t
swear enotj ustind i
v i
dualhumanc l
ones.Wear epersonswho,
inones ense,ares elf-creat ingand ,inanot hersens e,ar ethecr eati
onsofours oc
ial
,cultural
,
andf amil
ialhi
s t
or y.Howt hatc omb i
nat i
onofi nfluenc esactuall
yt oucheseac honeofusi salso
unique,asisourp ersonalr es ponset oallthesefac tors.Mor eov
er ,ouroriginal
ityi
sincreased
sti
llfurtherbyt hewebofi nt erpers onal r
elati
ons hi
p swhi c
hf ormt hetextur eofourli
ves.
CONSI
DERTHI
S:
PERSONI
SASOCI
ALBEI
NG
 Thes
tor
yoft
hef
emal
eandt
hemal
eisonegr
eatexamp
le.
 AdamandEv
edi
spl
ayaf
ormofp
art
ner
shi
pandc
omp
ani
ons
hip
(I
-THOU)
 Thr
ought
heot
her
,web
ecomeasap
ers
on.

 Atthepr
esent,howarewerel
ati
ngwiththeot
her
?(Ob
jec
tif
icat
ion
–I-IT)-thattheot
herper
sonisaut
il
ity
4. Asas tewar d( Humanper soni sPar toft heMat er ialwor ld,HumanPer soni sahi storic
al
being)
Asb od yp ersonswear ep ar toft hemat er i
alwor l
d .Tob epar toft hemat er i
alwor ldhol dsbor n
greatp otent ial&s er i
ousl imi tat i
on.Thep otent ial i
st hat ,cr eat edi nGod ’
si magewi tht he
mand at et ob ringt heear thund erhumanc ont rol,wec anac tasc o-agent swi t
hGodt omaket he
wor l
dac ont inuous lymor elivab lep l
ace.Thed ev elopment sofs cienc e&t ec hnologyar ec ertai
nly
helpingust od othat .Buthumanc reationsar eamb iguous .Thi sd imens i
onofourb eingahuman
personr aisest heques tionofours tand i
ngv is-à-v i
st her estoft hemat er ialwor ld.Ther eisno
doub tt hatashumanp er sonswed ependont her estofmat er i
alc r eati
on.Wec annotl ive
withoutai rt ob reathe,wat ert od rink,f oodt oeat .Weneedwar mt hands helter.Wec ons tit
ute
amaj orel ementi nnat ur alec os ystems .Mor eover ,t heund ulat i
nghi st
oryofc ivil
izat i
oni sa
storyoft hep rogres si
v et rans for mationof‘ nat ur e’ i
nt otec hnol ogyandc ultur e.Mov ingf rom
anear l
ys tageofhunt ersandgat herers,‘discov er i
ng’ fireand‘ inv enti
ng’ thewheel ,wehav e
grad uallyunear thedt hehi d denp otentialiti
esoft her estoft hemat eri
alc reat i
on.Wehav e
develop ednewf ormsofener gy ,communi cations ,t r
ans port,c ons tructi
onmat er ials,et c.
Humant ec hnol
ogyhasgonef arb ey ondt hes tandar dwayt heor dinaryop erationsofnat ural
activ
it ywor k.Wehav enotonl yb eenab let oap pr
ec iatet heb eautyoft henat ur alworld;we
haveal sob eenab l
et ousemat erial t hingst oc reat enewf or msofb eautyi nar tand
architectur e,i
nmus icandl it
er at ur e.Mor eover,t hisrelat ionshipisnotj us toneofour
depend enc eont herestoft hemat er ialwor ld.Incr easi
ngl yt herestoft hemat erialworldis
becomi ngd ependentonusf oritss ur vival.I nusourwor ldhasd evelopedt hep owerof
sel
f-d estr ucti
onoratl eastofb ringi ngt oanendt hec ont i
nuat ionofhi gherf ormsofl ifeon
ourp lanet . Atal essprofoundl ev elt hant his,ther estoft hemat eri
alwor ldisb ei
ngmor eand
moreaf fec t
edb ythewayt hehumanf amilyc hoosest ol i
ve.Ther eisnod oub tt herefore,that
ourr elationshipwithther estofc reat ioni soneofi nterd ep endenceandt hatt his
int
er depend enceisaf undament ald imens i
onofb eingahumanp erson.
CONSI
DERTHI
S:
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
PERSONI
SASTEWARDOFGOD
 St
ewar
d–ac
o-c
reat
orofGod
 Godhadgi
venust
het
rus
ttoc
ont
inuet
heac
tofc
reat
ion
(d
omini
on)

 Att
hep
res
ent
,ar
ewer
eal
lyGod
’sc
o-c
reat
or?
- Domi
nat
ionov
erc
reat
ion
-Youc
annott
rus
tany
bod
y
MTheinterventi
onofChr is
tint hehi storyofhumani tygaveaper fectimagebothofGodand
I Humanit
y. Chris
t gave ahigher mea ningofli
fe’
s go alt
hrough hi
sp ass
ion,deathend
Sresurrecti
on. Howc anwer ei
nfor ceinourev er
y daylif
ethefollowing:
S 1.reassertshumani t
y ’
sdivinei mageandlikeness.
I
O 2.Recal
lst hei
d eathatt hes our c
eofhumanl i
feisnoothert hanGodHi mself
.
N 3.promisesares ol
utiont othep r
oblemofhumani ty’
sfallands epar
ationfromGod
.
A
R
Y
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
R Aus
tin,Flanner
y,OP(Gen.Ed
.),Vat
icanCounc
ilI
I:TheConc
il
iarDoc
ument
s.Vol1, NewYor
k:Cos
tel
l
o
E Publi
shingCo.
,1984.
A Benedic
tXVI.DeusCar i
tasEst: Enc
ycl
icalLet
teroft
heSupr
emePont
iffBenedi
ct XVIonChr
ist
ianLove.
D PasayCi
ty:Paul
inesPubl
is
hingHous
e,2006.
I Dewey,Rob
ertE.andGoul
d,JamesA.Fr
eedom:I
tshi
stor
y,nat
ureandvar
iet
ies
. NewYor
k:TheMac
mil
li
an
N Company,1970.
G
Kel
ly
,Kevn.NewDi
i rec
tionsi
nMor
alTheol
ogy:TheChal
lengeofBei
ngHuman. London:Geof
freyChap
man,
S 1992.

Mc
Keat
i m.TheCal
ng,Col ltoMi
ssi
on: ABi
bli
calRet
reat
.Makat
iCi
ty: St
.Paul
s, 2010.

Pes
chke,KarlH.
,S.
V.D.Chr
ist
ianEt
hic
s:Mor
alTheol
ogyi
ntheLi
ghtofVat
icanI
I. Mani
la:LogosPub
lic
ati
ons
,
Inc.
,2012.

Rat
zinger
,JosephCar
di . Godandt
nal heWorl
d:Beli
evi
ngandLivi
nginourTime (
Aconv
ers
ati
onwi
thPet
er
Seewald
).Tr
ans.byHenryTay
lor
.SanFranci
sco: I gnat
iusPres
s,2002.

Ser
afi
ni,Ant . Et
hony hic
sandSoc
ialConc
erns
.NewYor
k:Par
agonHous
e Pub
lis
her
s,1989.

Weaver
,Dar l
eneFozard.TheAc
tingPer
sonandChr
ist
ianMor
alLi
fe.Was
hingt
on, D.
C.:Geor
get
own
Univer
sityPr
ess,2011.
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
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TYI
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MES

II.GUI DESTOCHRI STIANMORALDECI SIONS

Thes egui desmus tb eund er s
t oodasp osi
tiveresp
ons et othec hall
engeofkeep i
ngt hel ovi
ng
relationship.Theyr efertonec es sarymeanst owardachiev ingrestorat
ivejusti
cei nar el
ationshi
p.
Clear l
y,t hi
ss i
gnalsap aradigms hiftf romt henegatives enseoft heimperativ
esasb urdensome
obligationst okeep . I nsteadt hesegui desmus tbes eenasr es p
onsibl
eac t
soff reedomi nthe
cont extoft heCov enantasl ovingr elationship. Thegui desar eexpressi
onsofGod ’sinter
v enti
on
int hec oncrete,free,interp er
s onalr el
at i
onship
sofp eop lewithoneanot herint helightofwhat
ist rue,good ,andj ust . Gi vent hisnew emp hasi
s,anyt alkofp unishmentwi llhavet obe
und erstoodac onsequenc eofourmi sus eandab useoffr eed om.
O A.THETENCOMMANDMENTS
N
TheTenCommand ment sar earockbecausetheyexp ressthep rov
identialsover
eigntyofGod.
T
Whenwer eadtheac countinExodusofMos es’r
ec ep
tionoft heTenCommand ments,wesee
E
howc l
earlytheques ti
onofGod ’ssover
eigntyandGod ’sprovi
d enc
ear eone.Onl yby
X
recognizi
ngthep ower fulcar
eofGodc ant heIsrael
itesdedicatethems elvestr
ustfull
yto
T
God’sownguidanc e.And ,s
oGodes tabl
is
hesGod ’
sowns ov
ereigntyint heirmidstpreci
sel
yfor
theirbenefi
t.
Obeyingandheed ingtheTenCommand mentsi st
henawayofent eringintothep res enceof
ourc ari
ngandgi vingGod.LikeMos esont hemount ain,wegetagl i
mp s
eofourp r ovid
ential
Godt hrought heCommand ment sthemselves.Butthatgl i
mpseisonlypossi
blef orap eopleof
faithwhor ec
ognizethesov erei
gnt yofGodandofGod ’sname.Itisindoi
ngt hatwes eeonl
y
throughp rayerandwi t
hab idi
ngd evoti
onc anwegr as ptherockofChrist
ianmor ali
t y
.From
thatp erspecti
ve,too,wer eturnt otheor i
ginalmoraltasktodogoodandav oidev i
l.
ForBened
ictXVI,man’ssearc
hf orc ommont rut
hamongc ul
turesleadshi
mt otheknowled
ge
ofthebasi
crulesofmorali
tyast heyar efoundint
hef ormoftheTenCommand ments. The
TenCommandment sf
ormt heconcret eanswertoman’squestaboutt hef
oundati
onsof
freed
om. Tohav eabetterunder st
and i
ng,letustakethecommand mentsi
ndiv
idual
ly
.
I TheDecal
ogueort heTenCommand ment sarefamil
iarl
ythoughtt obegivenb yYahwehto
N MosesonMountSinai.I nt
hes t
or y,theTenCommand mentswer esupposedt obewrit
tenb
y
S Godontwos t
onet ablet
s.I twasal sotol
dt hatMosesdestroyedthetabletsbecaus
eof
P angerwhenhispeopleabandonedt heirfai
thinYahweh. Mos eswasinstructedbyGodto
I writet
heDecalogueinnewt abletswhi chwereplac
edint heAr koftheCov enant
.
R
E
D ThisDec al
ogueb ec
amei mp ortantamongt heHeb rewp eopleforitshowedthemhowt oli
ve
theirgrace-giv
enl if
e. Al so,theDec alogueb ecamet hebasisofallotherIsraeli
te’s
W
l
egis l
ati
on. Thet wod i
fferent v er s
ionsoft hecommand mentsar efoundinExod us
O (20:1-17)andDeut eronomy( 5:6-21),butt hes ubs
t anceisfoundonb othaccounts. The
R Exod usversi
onemp hasizesont her el
igiouselementwhi leDeuteronomyemp hasizesonthe
D humani tar
ianelement .
S
&
C A.TheFi
rstCommand
ment
H
U “
I ’t
heLord,amyourGod,whobroughtyououtofthel
andofEgypt
,thatpl
aceofs
laver
y.
Youshal
lnothaveot
hergodsbesi
desme.”(Ex.20:
2-3)
R
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
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C
H
Thef ir
stc ommandments uggeststhati tisv er
yimportanttop roperlyunders
tandwhoGodi s
’ becauset heactoft hepersonisdefinitelyinfl
uencedbyhisbeli
ef .Theremustb eafocusto
S one’svisi
onorgoal .Notsurpris
inglyt hef i
rstcommandmentb eginswi thanarrati
veremindi
ng
T usthatGodr esc
uedt hepeopleofIs rael f
romEgy p
t . Godismer cifulandGodalonedel
iver
s
E hispeople. Likethosewhower ecur edoft hei
rlepros
yint heNewTes tamentaccounts,we
A arec al
ledinthatcommand mentt os eet hatwehav ebeentouchedb yt hehandofGod . Onl
y
C thathandofGods aves.
H
I
N Thef ir
stc ommand mentt herefore,call
sust oattention:towakeupt othehi
storyofGod ’s
G i
nitiativ
es avingac t
ionsinourownl iv
es.I tcall
sust oseehowGodhaskep tusinb ei
ng,
S throughGod ’
sownmer c
ifulhand ,guidi
ng,direc
ting,heali
ng,ands ustai
ningus.I
tc ommand s
ust henfirstt oconsi
derGod ’smer cyi
nourowns peci
f i
c,ord
inarylivesandthentor ecogni
ze
theLor dshipoftheOnewhos et endermerc i
estouchuss oconcretely
. Forwhenweknowhow
wellwear erescued,weknowt hatwehav eencounteredGod.

B.TheSec
ondCommand
ment
“Youshal
lnottaket
henameoft
heLord,yourGodi
nvai
n. Fort
heLor
dwi
llnotl
eavehi
m
unpuni
shedwhotakeshi
snamei
nvai
n.”(
Ex.20:7)

Howi sit,then,t hatwei nvokethenameoft heLor d?Whenweut tert henameofGod ,d

o
thosear oundusknowwhoGodi sforus?Dot heyr ecognizet hatf orus( andf ort hem)Jesusis
ourSav ior? Cl earlyinourcult
uretodaymanyp eopleinvoket henameoft heLor df r
equentl
y
andrar elyisthati nvocati
onanythi
ngb utsel
f -servi
ng.Ourc ult
ur eb andi
est henameoft he
Lordwit hincredibleabandonand,notsurpri
singly,referst oourageast hep ost-Christ
ian
world.Forb yt akingthenameoft heLor di
nv ain,ourc ul
tur etriest omar ginal
izet heLord.
Givenourc ulture’
scalloust r
eatmentoft henameofGod ,then,weneednowmor ethanev er
toav oidparti
cipati
ngi nanywayi nitsattemp t
st oisol
atetheLor dofhi s
tor yfromourwor l
d.
Wemus tbeat tenti
vei nthewaywei nv
oket heLord’
sname.Wemus talsob eattent i
vet o
anotherp robl
em.Ass ev eralrec
entwr i
tershav enoted,ourc ul
turequietlymar ginal
izesthose
whot aket henamep ft heLor dseri
ousl
y.Theirmes s
agei ssimple:genui
net hinker sdonot
bel
iev e.Inthef ac
eoft hesil
entbutaud i
blemes s
age,howd owet akethenameoft heLord?
Doest he“ s
ophisti
cation”oft heworldinanywayi nhibitwhatwewantt oc onveywhenwe
uttert henameofJes us?Ar eweintell
ectualsi
ntimidatedbyourp eers’ownqui etat temptsto
ri
diculeourf aithi
nt henameoft heLord?Howmuc hd owet angibl
ymut edb ytheir
estimat i
on?
Thes ec
ondcommandmentwond erf
ull
yr emindsust hatutteri
nganot her’
snamed i
scl
osesthe
speaker’
sesti
mati
onoft heonenamed .Fromt heb egi
nningofourj ourneyinfai
th,Godhas
i
nv i
tedustobeattent
ivet othewaywev oic
et heLord’sname.Todayt hesamecommandment
urgesusinourordi
naryhumani nter
cours etogeti nt
ot hehabitofexpressi
ngtheLord’
s
namewi thl
ovi
ngreverence,f
orourb enef i
tandf orourc ul
tures.
C.TheThi
rdCommand
ment
“
Remembert
okeephol
ytheSabbat
hDay.
”(Ex.20:
8)
 CFE102:CHRI
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Understandi
ngt hepurposeofthethi
rdcommand mentisund erstandingwhatGodwantsf or
us.Thatis,li
keallt
hec ommandments,thethir
doneexi stsbecaus eGodwi s
hestoforus
throughit.JustasGodgav eusthefourthcommand mentsot hatwewoul dl
oveandrespect
oureldersandthefifthsothatwewouldliv
ep eaceablywithoneanot her
,Godgaveust he
thi
r dcommandments othatwewould“rest”
,“ cel
ebrate”,and“ gather”.Forthes
ereasonsGod
command sustokeept heLord’
sdayholy
.
IntheOl dTes t
ament ,thec ommand mentap p
ear sp rimar
il
yt oimi
tateGod,whor estedont he
Sabb ath.Oneoft hemos tpr oduc t
ivescholarsher eatWes t
onJesuit,theNewTes tament
theologianDanHar rington,as cribestot het hirdc ommandmentbysayingt hatGodwant edus
tores t.Thi sman,whowr itesb ooksmor et hanany oneIknowandi sdedic
at edto
under s
t and i
ngandt eachingt heSc r
iptures,d oesnowor konSund ay.Heb eginskeep i
ngt he
dayhol yb ywor shi
pingGod .Hec el
ebratest hel it
ur gyonSund ayp
recis
elyt oacknowl edget hat
hep articipatesinther estt hatGodenj oys.Ther easonforthethir
dc ommand mentt henist o
teachust or ecogni
zeourl imitsandt oenjoyt hemasGod -given.
Thes ec ondr easoni sceleb r
ation,int eres tingl y,theear l
yChr ist
iansd idnotr es
tonSund ays.
Ont hec ontrary,lestt heyb eund er s
t oodasi d l
e,t heywor kedasev er yoneel sedi
d.Butwhen
theygat heredt owor shi ptheyhonor edt heLor d ’
sd aybyc el
ebratingi t.Her ewes ee,too,t
hat
thev erymeani ngf ort heChr ist
iansc elebr atingt heLor d’
sd ayisthr ought heEuc haris
t,whic
h
its
elfmeans“ t
hanks giving”.throught heEuc har i
st,Christi
ansgat hert okeephol ytheLor
d’s
day,b yc elebratinginourl i
vest heonewhor edeemedusb yhi sbodyandb loodandwho
promisest oc omeagai n.Ourc el
ebr ationi satonc eanac tofmemor ialandanac tof
anticipat i
on:wer ememb erwhatJes usChr is
thasac compl
ishedandweexp ressour
expec tat i
onofwhathep ledges.Not hingc onv ey sthismoret hanourr espons etot he
consec rat i
oni ntheEuc haristi
cp rayer :“Chr i
s thasd ied,Christisrisen,Chr i
stwillc
ome
again.”
D. TheFour
thCommand
ment
“Honoryourf
at herandyourmother
,thatyoumayhaveal
ongl
if
eint
hel
andwhi
cht
he
Lor
d,yourgodisgivingyou.
”(Ex.20:
12)
Thefour t
hc ommand mentspeaksofr esp ect,r ever
enc e,andc arethattheIsrael
it esneedto
showtot heelders.I tisprimari
lyagr eatp ieceofs ocialandhumanitari
anlegislation. For
theIsraeli
tes,wisdomwasc onsid
er edt hegif tofoldage,andup hold
ingtradi
tionand
conti
nuitywi t
ht hepastwast heindisp
ens abl
er espons i
bil
ityoftheaged .I nac ommuni t
y
thatconsist
smor eoftheyoungt hant heel der l
y,thi
sp articul
arcommand mentgui desthe
enti
rec ommuni t
yt oward
smat urityasp eopl
e.
Thef ourt
hc ommand mentc all
sust omov ebeyondreconci
li
ationandbeyondthenar rat
ives
thatwehav eanaly zed,accepted,andshared.I turgesustor esp
ect,promote,andprotect
theintegrit
yoft hef amil
yass oc
iety’
sbasicunit. AsBenedictXVIputsitbeautiful
ly
,“ t
his
i
si nfacttheMagnaCar taoft hef amil
y… Thisbasi
candend uringres
pectfort hehumanb ei
ng
i
st hemos timpor
t antas p
ec toft hecommandment .
”
Wear ecall
edt oletthoseb eforeusobedi
ence,butnowt osp eakagai n,notasp arents
command i
ngob edience,butasad ul
tsshari
ngwi t
hust heirfor mat
ivey earsandt heir
experi
encest hatoc c
ur r
edb eforewewereb orn. Wear ecalledtob ecomef amil
iarwiththei
r
memor i
es,soast ohonort hem. Wear ei
nvitedtoknowt hemast heyknewus ;aschil
dren,
teenagers,youngad ults. Wear esummonedt owalkwiththemast heyt alkandast heymove
eventual
lytowar danewc hil
dhoodofthei
rown.
 CFE102:CHRI
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E. TheFi
fthCommand
ment
“
Yous
hal
lnotki
ll
.” (
Ex.20:
13)
Wehav ealwayss t
ar tedwi t
ht hegiftoflifeinord ertounder s
tandthef i
fthcommandment.
Whereverwef indt heTenCommand ment sinChrist i
anwr i
tings,whetherthenewCatechi
smor
theTridenti
neone,whet herLut her’
sLargeorSmal lCatechismorCalvin’
sInsti
tut
es,we
alwaysseetheChr istian’
sr espectforli
feb efor
eengagi ngt hespeci
ficsofthe
command ment’
sp rohibiti
on.Weonl yunderstandt hes eri
ousnessofthef i
fthcommandment
whenweap pr
ec i
atet hes acredimportanceofhumanl if
e.
Inf ac t, JohnPaulI Ihashel p
edust oap preciatemor et hant hes acr ednessofl i
feb y
elab orat i
ngont hatt eaching.Pr iortohisp apac y,sanctityofl if
eb as i
c all
yc onsider edhuman
l
ifeasGod ’sd ominion:whatb el
ongedt oGodwasnotour st oviol
at e.Si mplyp ut,li
f ewasGod ’
s
prop er ty;wehadnoop tionsoni t.Thi suseof“ sanctity”ap pearedel sewher e.Fori ns tance,
thes anc tityofmar riagemeantt hatChr i
stianmar ri
agewasGod ’sBond ;wehadnor i
ghtt o
violat etheb ondt hatb elongedt oGod .Likewi s
e,wes p
okeoft hes anc tityoft het emp le.In
ap pl
y ing“ s anc t
ity ”tol i
fe,t hen,s anctit
ywasnotd erivedf romany thingb elongingt oour
nat ur e:liket hesanc ti
tyofmar riageoroft emp le,sanctityd eriv
edf romt heOwner .Ger r
y
Coleman,t hep reviouswr i
teroft heCHURCHc olumnonmor altheology ,wr oteei ghty earsago:
“Whatmakeski lli
ngf orbi
dd enist hatitus urpsad i
vinep rerogativeandv i
olatesd iviner i
ghts”.
Sac red nes sr estednotonany thingint ri
nsictot heb ond,t het emple,orl ife,b utr at hers i
mp l
y
It hef actt heywer ed i
vinep osses si
ons.Thef ifthc ommand mentwas ,t he,ab outnotv iol
ating
God ’sp rop er tyands overeignt y.
JohnPaulIIexp andedonthi
st radi
tion.Early,inCelebrateLife(1979)
,hes i
gnaledhi
s
inter
est:“TheChur chdef
endst heri
ghtt olife,notonlyi nregardtothemajestyoft he
Creator
,whoi st hefir
st giverofthi sl
ife,butalsoinr espectoftheessenti
algoodoft he
humanp erson.”ThePopesuggestedt hatGodc reatedwithinthehumans omethingthatmad e
humanlifes ac
red.Lateri
nhisenc yc
licalDonumvi t
ae( 1987)heexp andedonthis:
Humanl i
feissacredbecausef romitsbegi
nni
ngitinvol
vesthe‘
creati
veacti
onofGod’
andit
remai nsforeverinasp eci
alrel
ationshi
pwiththeCreator
,whoi si
tssol
eend. Godalonei
sLor
d
oft helif
efr omitsbeginningunti
litsend:noonecaninanyc i
rcumst
ance,cl
aimforhi
msel
fthe
rightd i
rect
lyt odest
royani nnocenthumanb ei
ng(Intr
o.,5).

ThePopeb r
ingst hent hequesti
onofGod ’
sd ominionintoplaywi
thusascreatedper
sons,not
proper
tiesinrelationshi
pwi thGod.Thi
spass ageisinf ac
tkeyforunders
t and
ingal
lhi
slater
writ
ingsonlife:prec i
sel
yt hetextintr
oducest hefif
t hcommandmentinthenewCatechi
sm.
F. TheSi
xthCommand
ment
“
Yous
hal
lnotc
ommi
tadul
ter
y.”(
Ex.20:
14)

Adulter
yisthesinofamar riedmanhav i
ngs exualr el
ationswi thanyoneot herthanhi swifeor
amar ri
edwomanhav ings exualrelati
onswi thany oneot hert hanherhus band.I nt heOld
Testament,adul
terywasund erstoodass exualr el
at i
onsb etweenamar ri
ed( orbet hrothed)
womanandamanot hert hanherhus band .Itwast herefor eas i
nagai ns
tt hehus bandwoman.
IntheNewTes tament ,Jesusext endedt hed ef i
niti
onofad ulter
yt oincl
udes exualr elati
ons
betweenamar ri
edmanandawomanot hert hanhiswi fe(Mk.10: 11-12,Luke16: 18) . other
NewTes tamentteachingsalsound erstandi tt hatway( 1Cor .6:
15-16,1Cor
7:2)
.http:
//www.christi
anb i
bler
ef er
enc e.org/ faq_adultery.htm

Thes
ixt
hcommand
ments
tand
sasawi
tnes
stot
hef
actt
hati
tisi
nourb
odi
est
hatwed
ecl
are
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
oursel
vesf oroneanot her.Inmar r
iage,thisi
sc lassicallyexpressedinsexualrel
ations.But
whenwer ealizethatourr elati
onshipsdependonourb odies,thenwer eali
zethatthes i
xth
command menti snotonl ytalki
ngab outsexualrelations ,butalsoab outeverycor
por eal
expressi
on.Aki s
s,at ouch,anemb race,andas mi l
ec ommuni c
atet heessenceofav arietyof
rel
ationships.Thes i
xthc ommand mentstandst henasar emindert hateveryti
mewep hysic
all
y
extendour sel
v estoanot herwenur turethef ait
hf ulbond swes har ewithoneanother .
Italsowar nsusagai ns tanyinap propriat eexp ress i
ons.Ab oveall
,itwar nsust hatv i
olati
ng
ourv owsisnot“ justap hysi
calthing.”Vi olatingt hemi sanac tofbetrayal.
Wec annot
dist
inguis
hourv owsf romouremb od i
edr elationshipswit honeanot her.Butt hosev owsare
notonlyviolat edyi napp rop
riatesexualac ti
vityb utalsot hroughanyp hysic
alac t i
ont hat
contradi
ctst hev ow.As l
ap,ap unch,as neer ,oras hovec ontradi
ctsanyv owedr elations
hip
wehav e.Jus tast heseac ti
onsar ev i
olat ions,s i
mi l
arlythef ail
uret oextendones elftoone’s
spouseisanab and onmentoft hatr el
at ions hi
p .Fort heChr ist
ianoneneednots i
mp l
yleave
one’sdwell
ingt oab andonone’ sspouse;r atherwi t hhol
dinganyev idenceofaf fect ion,
tenderness,c areorc oncernisitselfanac tcont radicti
ngt hep l
edget ooneanot her .
Inamannerofs peakingt hes ixthc ommand menti ssp ecifi
cal
lyaddres sedt omar ri
edtop eopl
e,
butitser v
esal s
oasap ar adigmf orallotherr el
ations hi
ps.Forjus tast her elat i
onship
betweenChr istandt hep eopleofgods ervesasamod elf ormarriedp eople,sot oomar r
ied
peopl
ei nthehumani t
yoft heirr elati
onshipt ooneanot herserveasamod elf oral l
rel
ationships.Evidentl
ymar riedlifes erv
esasamod elf orvowedr eli
giousi nt heirsimil
ar
commitmentt ochastity
,whi c hemb od
iest hei
rc ommit mentt oco0reli
giousaswel lasthos e
withwhomandf orwhomt heys erve.Buti talsoservesasas igntot heirc hil
dr enandt heir
chi
ldren’schi
ldrent hatloves howsi tsel
find eedsrat hert haninwor ds,andt hatl ovi
ngd eeds
arealway sdeeply,physicall
yhumanones .
G.TheSev
ent
hCommand
ment
“
Yous
hal
lnots
teal
.”(
Ex.20:
15)
Origi
nally,theseventhc ommand mentd oesnotr efertoaprohi
b i
tionofp os
s ess
ingother’s
propertyb ywayofs tealingort heft
.I tac t
uallypoi
ntstotheor igi
nalintenti
onthatf orbi
ds
theens l
av ementofaf reeI sr
ael i
te. I tforbi
dsanymemb eroft hecovenantc ommunityf r
om
cl
aimingowner shi
poforexer cisingcontroloveranother. Thismeanst hatt hecommand ment
i
si ntendedt osafeguardt hefreedomandequal ityofeachindi
vidualinthec ommunit
y.Ital so
recognizesGod ’
ss ov
ereigntyov erhispeople.
Intoday’sageofglobalization,inanaget hatismar kedb yec
onomi ccompet
itionandmar ket
purs
uits,thisc
ommand mentr emindsusthatbeingup ri
ghtinlifei
smor epri
mor d
ialthan
havi
ng. Bened i
ctXVIexp ress esthisal
arm,“wec ans eehowt hewor l
dofposs essi
onst akes
powerfulhol
duponp eople’slives. Themor etheyhav e,themor etheyaredomi natedand
ensl
avedb ywhattheyhav e,bec ausetheyhavetob egivingevermor eatt
entiont op res
er vi
ng
andincreasi
ngthosep os s
ess i
ons .
”
H.TheEi
ghtCommand
ment
“
Yous
hal
lnotbearf
als
ewi
tnes
sagai
nstyournei
ghbor
.”(
Ex.20:
16)
Thiscommandmentd oesnotsimplyrefertothepr ohib
itionoft el
li
ngalie,butref
er stot hose
greaterval
ues:freedomandj usti
ce. Bear i
ngfal s
ewi tnessagainstanotherwouldputt he
innoc
entinprisonandt heguil
tywouldr emai
nf r
ee. I nt heearl
yI s
raeli
tecommuni t
y,t here
wasalreadyaconsciousnessofjusti
ceandf reedom. Ev eryjustactdonebyanindividualis
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
anactofjustic
et oGod,whileeveryunjus
tac td
onetoamemb erisaninjusti
cetoGod.The
Is
reali
tesbel
ievedandwer emadeawar eofthefactthatthei
rjuri
dic
alp r
ocedur
eswere
meanttoprotecttheindi
vidualf
r omsuchinj
usti
ceandthustoprotectsoci
etyfromthe
wrathofGod.
Weneedt orecognizethechall
engetodaytospeakwhatweb el
ieve. Weneedtorecognize
thecal
lforclearleadershi
ptoguideal
loneofusi nthepurs
uitofthetruth.Weneedtoi nv
ite
oneanothertos peakthetruthasweund ers
tandit,sot
hatinal ovi
ngandrespec
tfulcontext
wemayt ogetherd i
scoverandarti
cul
atethet r
uthasitreal
lyis. That
’snotanideal
;itisa
command.
I
.TheNi
nthandt
heTent
hCommand
ment
s
“
Youshallnotc
ovetyourneighbor
’shous
e.Youshal
lnotcovetyourneighbor
’swif
e,nor
hi
smaleorfemalesl
ave,norhi
sox,noranythingel
sethatbel
ongstohim.”(Ex.20:
17)
Ourdesiresar e,then,aboutthosewhomwel ove.Infac
t,i
fwewer etotal
kaboutmoral
theol
ogyoret hi
cs,asSaintAugustineoncedid,wewoul
dcal
litor
deri
ngofloves
.Theethic
al
enterpr
isei saboutp ut
tingourlovesinor
d er
.I nt
hiswayweachi
eveourdeep
estdesi
res.Our
order
edlov eshelpust oreal
izethem.
Fort hisr eas on,t heni nt hc ommand mentr emi ndsust hatweoughtt oputnoot herp er s
oni n
thewayofouror deredl oves .Noot herp er s
onoughtt obet hec auseofourj eop ar di
zingt hose
l
ovesandourd eep es
td esires . Theni nthc ommand mentwar nsusagai nstt hep ossibi
lityof
throwi ngt heent irec omp lexit yofourr elations hipsas ideb yanot herrelations hip.Weknow
thispos si
b il
ityt ob et rue.Hus band sorwi veswhop urs ueanot herspousehar mnotonl y
thems elvesandt heot her ’ss pous es,butt hec hil
d ren,p arent s,andf ri
endsi nv olvedint hos e
mar r
iages .Thed amagef romad ul t
eryi sfarmor eext ensivet hanwhati sfeltb yt woort hree
personsi nv olved.Butt heni nt hc ommand mentc onc ernsnotonl ymar ri
edp er sons .Single
people,c l
er gy ,andv owedr eligiousknowt hati ti sp ossiblet oend angers omanyofour
rel
at ionshi psb yt heemot ionalp ursuitthatc ont rad ic
t sthec ommi t
ment swep resent l
yenj oy.
Weknowhowc ertainp er sonalent anglement scanc omp romi seusandourr el ations hi
psandwe
knowt hats omanyp er sonsc anb eadv erselyaf f ectedb ys uchent anglement s .
Cov etingissuchanor dinar
yd i
sp osi
tiont hatwed onotr ec ogni
zehowf requentlywed ocovet
unt i
lwer eallystopandt hi
nkab outit.Someofusc overs ucces
smor et hanp roperty
.Wewoul d
l
iket hep arishinsuchands uchanei ghbor hood;wewoul dliketob es el
ec tedfort hi
sparti
cular
boar dorc ommittee;wewoul dli
ket owi nap articul
arr ecogniti
on.Thoughwemaynotb e
awar eofev er y
thingwec ovet,wec anb es ur ethatt herear esev eralthingsi nl
ifethatwe
covet .Somet i
mesi ti
sgoodt oli
s twhatwer eallycovetifonl ytof indoutwhati tiswewoul d
l
iket ohav e.Bringingwhatwec ov ett othes ur
f aceorourownc ons ci
ous nesskeepsusfrom
beingb li
ndt othes ubt
lemes s
agest hati nfluenc emanyofouror dinaryd ecis
ions.Forwhatwe
covetus uallyremindsusofwher eourd i
s satisfacti
onr eallyare.
Thet enthcommand mentisap erfectc omp l
ementt othef irs
tone.Thef i
rstoneremindsus
thatGodi sGod,thatGodd eli
versandp rotectsus,andt hatingrati
tudewes houl
dp l
aceno
fals
egod s.Beforeus.Likewise,thelas tcommand mentr emindsusthatwehav emuc htobe
gratefulforandt hatwes houldnotpineaf t
erwhati snotour s;i
twarnsusagai nstfals
e
idol
s.Itinvit
esust oseewher ewear e,t oreflec
tonourl otasmoregiftthanachievement,
andt ohavehop ei
nt hefuture,ac c
ept ingitasanop p
ort uni
tyformovingdynamical
lyforward
withal i
berati
ngs enseofs ati
sfacti
onwi thhowwel ll
ife’sjour
neyisgoing.
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
Thetent
hcommandmentisli
keal
ltheothercommandsfromGod ,ac
ommandl ead
ingustoour
happ
ines
s.Iti
sagiftthatwarnsusagainstadoub
lemiseryandoff
er si
nst
eadad oub
le
happ
ines
s:ahapp
inesswit
hourp r
esentlotandacalmexpectat
ionforourfuture.
M Lear
nab
outt
heCommand
ment
sandCommi
tment
s
I
Asy
ous
tud
ythi
sles
son,f
oll
owt
hep
att
ernb
elow:
S
S 1.St
udythesect
ionthatd
esc
rib
est
hec
ommand
mentandwr
iteas
imp
lel
ess
onp
lanwi
tht
hree
I tofi
vemainp
oints.
O 2.Teachatwo-ort
hr ee-minutevers
iontoyourc
omp
ani
on.Pr
act
icehowy
ouwi
llext
endeac
h
N inv
itat
ionandhowyouwi l
lresol
veconcer
ns.
A
R 3.Di
scus
sway
stof
oll
owuponeac
hcommi
tmentt
haty
ouhav
einv
itedot
her
stoac
cep
t.
Y
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
R Aus
tin,Fl
anner
y,OP(Gen.Ed
.),Vat
icanCounc
ilI
I:TheConc
il
iarDoc
ument
s.Vol1, NewYor
k:Cos
tel
l
o
E Publi
shi
ngCo.
,1984.
A Benedic
tXVI.DeusCar i
tasEst
: Encycl
icalLet
teroft
heSupr
emePont
iffBenedi
ct XVIonChr
ist
ianLove.
D PasayCi
ty:Paul
inesPubl
is
hingHous
e,2006.
I Bul
atao,Romano.“TowardsaCrit
ical
Her
meneut
icsoft
heTor ”Sai
ah. ntLoui
s Uni
ver
sit
yRes
ear
chJour
nal
,
N vol.38no.2(2007):
253-271.
G
Haggerty
,Br anA.Outoft
i heHous
eofSl
aver
y:Ont
heMeani
ngoft
heTen Commandment
s.NewYor
k:Paul
is
t
S pr
ess,1978.

Keenan,JamesF. J.Command
,S. ment
sofCompas
sion.QuezonCi
ty,Phi
li
ppi
nes
:Cl
aret
ianPub
lic
ati
ons
,2001.

Kel
ly
,Kevn.NewDi
i rec
tionsi
nMor
alTheol
ogy:TheChal
lengeofBei
ngHuman. London:Geof
freyChap
man,
1992.

Rat
zinger
,JosephCar
di . Godandt
nal heWorl
d:Beli
evi
ngandLivi
nginourTime (
Aconv
ers
ati
onwi
thPet
er
Seewald
).Tr
ans.byHenryTay
lor
.SanFranci
sco: I gnat
iusPres
s,2002.

B.CHRI
ST’
SCOMMANDMENTS(
Jes
us’
teac
hingsont
hec
ommand
ment
s)

C Att hec ent erofthel i

feandmi ni
st ryofJes uswast hecomingoft hekingdomorr ei
gnofGod .
O Hisp arab l
esab outt hekingdomp oint edtot hebas i
ct rut
h:alovingGodwhounc ond i
ti
onall
y
N offer sloveandl if
eandc ar
ess omuc hf orhumani t
y.Jesus’acti
onss toodal
ongsi
dehi s
T proclamat ion:Heac t edasGodwoul dac t. Hi scausewasGod ’scause,andGod’scauseisthe
E caus eofhumani ty. Jes ust r
anslat edGod ’sactiontohumanb eings. Toac tasJesusd i
dis
X thep raxisoft heki ngd om. Thispr axiss howswhatt hekingd
omi sallabout:t
her ei
gnofGod
T inthel i
v esofp eople,nowandi nthef uture.
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
I Jes
  usr
epl
ied:”‘
Lovet
heLor
dyourGodwi
thal
lyourhear
tandwi
thal
lyours
oul
N andwi
thal
lyourmind.
’ Thi
sisthef i
rstandgreatestcommandment .
 Andt
he
S sec
ondi
sli
keit:‘
Loveyourneighborasyoursel
f.’
(Mat
thew22:
37-39)
P
I Jesus’personandwor kwasexp eriencedb ypeopl
eofGod ’scaringandabidi
ngp r
es ence,
R esp
ec i
allyamongt hep oor,theout casts,thehelples
s ,andt hes i
nners. Topartic
ipatei n
E God’skingdom,Jes uscall
edp eopl
et omet anoia(conver si
on). Met anoi
aexpressesanew
D rel
at i
onshipwithGod ,ar el
at i
onshipwhichbr i
ngsab outt henewnes softhehumanp erson,
W l
ead i
ngt oanewr elati
onshipwitht heneighbor. Met anoiademandsanat tit
udeofab s
olute
O hope. Theki ngdomofGodasgi f
tofs al
vationpointst oourb ecominghuman,thehap piness
R ofhumanb ei
ngs,t hefull
nessofl i
fe. Jes us’ministryisanunc ondi
ti
onalcommitmentt ob ot
h
D Godandhumani ty-ani nd
issolubl
eunit y.
S
Thef aithwehav erecei
vedd ec
lar esthatJes usChr i
str evealedandac comp l
ishedt he
&
Father’
splanofs avi
ngt hewor l
dandt hewhol eofhumani tyb ecauseof“ whohei s ”and“ what
C
hedoesbec auseofwhohei s.”Therei sani nt ernalcommuni onofl if
eoft heBles sedTr i
nity
H
andtheuni tyofthet hr
eePer sonsint hep lanofc reationandr edemption… Wec annoti sol
ate
U
orseparateonePer sonfromt heother ,sinc eeac hi
sr evealedonlywi thint hec ommuni onof
R
l
ifeandac tionoftheTr i
nity
.Thes av i
ngac tionofJes ushasi tsor i
ginint hec ommuni onoft he
C
Godhead,andop ensthewayf orallwhob eli
ev einhimt oent erintoi nti
mat ec ommuni onwi th
H
theTrini
tyandwi thoneanot herint heTr inity.
’
S “
Hewhohass
eenmehass
eent
heFat
her
”,Jes
usc
lai
ms(
Jn14:
9).I
nJes
usChr
istal
oned
wel
ls
T thefull
nessofGodi nb odil
yf orm(cf.Col2: 9)
,establ
ishinghimast heuniqueandabs
olute
E savi
ngWor dofGod( c
f .Heb1: 1-4)
.Ast heFat her’
sdefiniti
veWor d
,JesusmakesGodandhi s
A savi
ngwi l
lknowni nthef ullestwayp os
s i
ble.“Noonec omest otheFatherbutbyme.Iamt he
C Way,theTr uth,andt heLife”( Jn14:6)
,b ecause“theFat herwhodwellsinmedoeshisworks”
H (Jn14:10)
.Onl yi
nt hep ersonofJes usdoesGod ’swordofs alv
ationappearinalli
tsful
lnes
s ,
I usheri
ngint hefinalage( cf.Heb1:1-2).
N
G
S
M LOVECARD
I
Askthest
udentstomakeac ar
dandletthemwr i
te Biblev er
seinsi
det hecar
d.Wr i
teGOD'
S
S
LOVEontheoutsi
deofthecard,aswel
lasstic
kers,gli
tter,hearts
,foamhear tsorcros
ses
.
S
Stud
entsareenjoi
nedtogi
vet hei
rLOVEcardtotheirparent/sorsib
ling/s
.
I
O
N
A
R
Y
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
E

R Ac
tsandDec
reesoft
heSec
ondPl
enar
yCounc
iloft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes
. Cat
hol
icBi
shop
sConf
erenc
eoft
he
E Phi
li
ppi
nes
.Mani
la.
A Compendi
umofCat
echi
smoft
heCat
hol
icChur
ch.Car
yanaLay Monas
ticCommuni
ty.
D
E.C.
E.R.I.
(1994)Mat
uri
ngi
nchr
ist
ianf
ait
h.Nat
ionalCat
echet
icalDi
rec
tor
yoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes
.Mani
la:Sai
ntPaul
I Publ
icat
ion.
N
Ep
iscop
alCommissi
ononCat
eches
isandCat
hol
icEd
ucat
ion.Thec
athol
ic f
ait
hcat
echi
sm.Mani
la,Phi
li
ppi
nes
:
G
WordandLi
fe,1993.
S
Ti
emp
o,Al
ex(
2005)
.Soc
ialp
hil
osop
hy:f
ound
ati
onsofv
aluesed
ucat
ion.Phi
li
ppi
nes
: RexBooks
tor
e,

UNESCO-APNI
EVESour
ceb
ook(
2006)
.Lear
ningt
oli
vet
oget
her
.Phi
li
ppi
nes
: Li
thwekeComp
any
.

NewAmer
icanBi
ble

Epi
scopalCommiss
iononCatec
hes
isandCat
hol
icEd
ucat
ion(
ECCCE)
.(1984)
. Nat
ionalCat
echet
ical
Dir
ect
ory
forthePhil
ipp
ines,Mani
la.

___________. (
1994)
.Cat
echi
smf
orFi
li
pinoCat
hol
ic
s. Makat
iCi
ty,Phi
li
ppi
nes
:Wor
dandLi
fe,1994.

___________. (
1994)
.Cat
echi
smoft
heCat
hol
icChur
ch. Mani
la,Phi
li
ppi
nes
:Wor
d&Li
fe,1994.

Sant
aBar
bar
a,Lui
s(2005)Thi
sisourf
ait
h.Phi
li
ppi
nes
:Cl
aret
ianPub
lic
ati
on.

Tol
hur
st,James
. AConci
seCatechi
smf
orCat
hol
ic
s:ASi
mpl
eExp
osi
tionof Cat
hol
icDoc
tri
ne. Quezon
Cit
y:Cl
areti
anPubl
ic
ati
ons
,1993.

Pi
lc
h,J.
J.( .Ac
2012) ulturalhandbooktothebi
ble.GrandRapi
ds,Mi
chi
gan: Wi
ll
iamBEer
dmansPub
.

Har
ris
,S.
L.( .TheNewTes
2012) tament:astudent'
sintroducti
on.7t
hed
.New Yor
k,N.
Y.:Mc
Graw-Hi
ll

Bib
le.N.
T.Gosp
els
.( .Thef
2011) ourGospel
s:cathol
icpersonalstudyedi
tion. QuezonCi
ty:Pas
tor
alBi
ble
Foundat
ion,

Casey
,M.( .Jes
2010) usofNazareth:ani
ndependenthi
stori
an'
saccountofhi
s l
ifeandteachi
ng.New
Yor
k,N.Y.
:T&TClarkInter
national
,

Kr
oeger
,James(
2014)
.Wal
kingi
ntheLi
ghtofFai
th.St
.Paul
s,Makat
iCi
ty, Phi
li
ppi
nes

C.The(
Cat
hol
ic) Chur
ch’
sSoc
ialTeac
hings
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES

C Humani tyisboundupi nanintrinsi

candes senti
alr elationshipofi nt erdependenc ewi t
ht he
O restofc reation.Therearenott wos eparat eandi ndep endentet hicalc rit
eriaop er
at ingin
N ecologic
alissues,whatisgoodf orhumani tyandwhati sgoodf orcr eat i
onasawhol e.To
T considercreat i
onasawhol eistoc onsi
d eritasinc ludinghumani ty .I tistorec ognizehumanity
E asc reati
onr eachingahigherlevelofexi s
tence,t hel evelofp ersonalands ocialcons c
iousnes
s.
X Thislevelofexistencedoesnotc onstit
ut eab reakingawayf romt her estofc reati
on.A
T healthycreat i
onr emai
nsani ntegralelementoft hegoodofhumani t y,justast heb odyis
healthy.

Inot herword s,theheal t

hoft herestofcreationi snowd ependentonhumani t
yc ond ucting
itsel
finawaywhi chbefitsitsp l
aceandrespons i
bili
tywithint hewhol eofcreation.Humani ty
canb eac ancerousgrowt hwithinc r
eati
on–ands ome‘deepec ologists’bel
ieveitiss uch
already.Oritc anbec reationreac hi
ngoutt oyetahi gherl evelofl i
f einwhichitc anar t
ic ulat
e
itshymnofp r aiseandt hanksgivingtoit
screat orandr eflectini tsv erywayofl ivingthe
deeplypersonal andholisti
clifeofi t
screat
or .Forhumani t ytod istanc ei
tsel
ff romt her es tof
creationandlor ditoveri twoul dbeaformofal ienationfromani nt egralpartofour s
elves .

IntheCat holi
cChur c h,thev oc ationtod ialoguewi tht herestofcreat ionwasc alledb yPope
JohnPaulXXI IIandt heSec ondVat ic
anCounc i
l.Thed ocumentont heChur c hint heMod er
n
Worldoffici
all
yad opt edad i
f fer entattitudet owar dthewor ldandherr elat iontoi t.Openness
andcomp assi
onr eplac edbys usp ici
onandhos t
il
ity.Thegoodi nmod ernt houghti saf firmed.The
Gospeli
ss eenasf ulf i
lli
ngthehumans ear c
hr at herthanr ep
laci
ngi t.Thev ari
ouss tr
uggles
forli
berationares eenr efl
ec tedi ntheliber ati
onoft heGospelit
self .TheChur chaf fi
rmsall
thatechoesGos pelv alues,ands eesher selfonp i
lgri
maget hrought hiswor ldasas ervant
aidi
ngint heli
berationandheal ingoft hewor ld’
sp eople.Anewat titudeev enmani f estsits
elf
towardtheot herwor ldfaiths.

HumanityisapartofGod’scr
eation;wear einextri
cablyjoi
nedwithc r
eationinad el
ic
ateweb
ofint
erdepend
enc i
es.Thatwebisbeingthreatenedb yourrampantindustrial
izati
onand
tec
hnology.Aspi
ritual
it
yofstewar dshi
pisdesperatelyneededtod
ayt oleadusb acktoasaner
andhealthi
errel
ations
hiptoourmot herearthandherot hercreaturesgivenintoourcar
eb y
God.
I Att heendoft he19thcentury,Pop
eLeoXI I
Iwr ot
et hefir
s tsoci
alencycl
icalTheConditi
onof
N Labor( Rer
umNov ar
um,1891) .Thi
seventstartedap rocessofconscient
izat i
oninourChurch.
S Slowly,Chri
stiansbecomeawar ethatthei
rv i
sionofs al
vationshoul
dnotb el i
mit
edt othe
P salvati
onoft heindi
vidualandthat,asChurch,wes houl
dhav eames sageab outtheli
berati
on
I andt ransf
ormat i
onofs oci
ety.
R
E Sincet hetimeofPop eLeoXI II,achainofsoc i
alencyc
licalshaveb eenpub l
ished.Theyof fer
D guideli
nesonhowt oli
vethegoodnewsofJes usinsoci
et y.ManyChr i
sti
ansb eli
evet hatt hese
W ency c
li
c al
ss urp
assinquali
tyt hesoc i
alteac
hingsofliberals,soci
alist
s,andMar xi
stsalike.The
O highpointoft heChurch’
ssoc i
alteachingisfoundintheenc yc
li
calsofPop eJohnXXI I Iand
R PopeJohnPaulI I.PCPIIpresentss omekeyt hemesoft histeaching,containing“thep rincip
les
D ofr efl
ec t
ion,”“cri
teri
aofj udgment ,
”and“ dir
ectiv
esf orac ti
on,”orientedt owardsmor al
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
S c
ond
uct
.
&
Thiswayofund erst and ing‘Catholicsocialteaching’,t herefor e,seemst oac knowledget hati f
C
i
ti st ob eef fec tiveandnotmer elyplatitudi
nousi ni tsgener ali
ty,itneedst ob ewed dedt oa
H
proces sofd ial ogue,i nv olvi
ngp eoplewhoar ecomp etenti nd eterminingwhatneed st ob ed one.
U
Thisi sexact lyt hemet hodologywhi cht heUSBi shop s’Conf erenc ehasf ol
lowedi nprod ucingi t
s
R
maj orp astor all etter s ,TheChal l
engeofPeac e(1983)andEc onomicJus ti
c eforAll(1986) .In
C
bothi nstanc est heb is hop sheldas er i
esofp ubli
c‘ hear ings’ofexp ertsandt hosewor kingint he
H
fi
eld ,andt heyp ubl
is hedt wo‘ d
r aft’vers i
onsofeac hd ocument .Li
kewi s
e,inhi spil
grimagest o
’
variousc ount r iest hr oughoutt hewor l
d ,PopeJohnPaulI Is eemst ohav eb eenatp ainst oget
S
prop erl
yb rief edb yp eop l
ef amil
iarwi theac hcount ryand ,ins omec asesatl east,hasev enl eft
T
prep arationofhi sad d r essessub stanti
al l
yinthehand soft heLoc alChur ch.
E
A Pr
inc
ipl
esof Chur
ch(
Cat
hol
ic)Soc
ialTeac
hings
C
Christi
ani
t yhasal way sbeenwi ths ocialj
us t
ice.Ther oot sgob ackt othef oundationsoft he
H
Judeo-Christi
ant radi
tion.Agr oupofs l
avesf i
ndsli
b erat i
onf romEgy ptandi sgivenlandof
I
theirown.Jes usp erfectsIsrael’sexp eri
enceofs ocialjus ti
ce.Oft hep oorhimsel
f ,his
N
ministrybyandl argec oncernst hep oorwhohav eas pecialp l
aceinGod ’
saf fecti
on.Li kethe
G
prophetsbefor ehim,Jes usrebukedt herichofhisd ayf ort heiri
ndifferenc etowar dtheirpoor
S
brothersands isters.Andheov er comest hes oci
albar ri
er s.Amonghi sfollowersandi ntimate
fri
end sarewomenwhoev entod ayinours oc
ietyarenott reatedequally.AChr i
stianity
withoutsocialcommi tmentisnotf ullChristi
anity.
Fromt hewel ls
pringoft heChur ch’
ssocialdoc t
rineemergesamor alandspir
itualv i
sionoft he
humanp ersonandofs ociety.Thi sdoctri
nal corpuschall
engestheimbal
ancesofs oc i
etyandt he
attitudesofind i
v i
dual
s .Itof fer sguid
elinest opersonsonhowt oli
vetheGos pelofJes us
.I t
present s“pri
nciplesofr eflection”,“cri
ter i
af orjudgment”,and“dir
ectiv
esf orac ti
on”,
orientedtowar dsmor alc onduct .Inthelightofours i
tuati
onweb eli
evethatc ertaintruthson
thes ocial
d oc
trineoft heChur c hstandoutasur gentandnec es
sary.Thesetruths ,needi
ng
emp hasistodayf orthed ev el
opmentoft hej ustlif
eandoft hejustsociet
ywhi chs ervesthat
l
ife,ar e:
1. Li
feandDi
gni
tyoft
heHumanPer
son
Thef i
rs tsocialteac hingprocl
aimst herespectforhumanl i
fe,oneoft hemos tf undament al
needsinawor l
dd i
s tortedbygr eedands el
fis
hnes s
.TheCat holicChurcht eachest hatallhuman
l
ifeiss acredandt hatt hedignityofthehumanp ersonisthef oundat
ionf orallthes ocial
teachi
ngs .Thi sthemec hal
lengest heiss
uesofab ortion,assistedsuici
d e,humanc l
oning,and
thedeat hp enalty.TheCat holicChur c
hholdtheb eli
eft hatev eryhumanl ifeispr eci
ousandi sa
giftfromGod ,andt hateveryinstituti
onismeas uredb ywhet heritthreat ensorenhanc esthe
l
ifeandd i
gnityoft hehumanp erson.

Thehumanp er sonisatthecent eroft heChurch’ss ocialdoctr

ineandthesub j
ec taswel las
objectofdevelopmentinallhumand i
mensions.Integr alhumand evel
opmentisd evelopment
thatservesthet otalper
son,inal ldi
mensions,i
nc ludingt hespi
rit
ual.Forhumand evelopment
tob ei
ntegral,weneedt obef aithfultotheinteriord imensionofli
fe.Wear enott of orget
thatwear eallf r
omGodandt hatourv ocati
onist oj our neybacktoHim.
Whenweanal
yzedevel
opmentpr
ogramst
oday,weobser
vethatthedominantemphasi
sison
theec
onomi
cdimens
ion.Ther
eseemstob
elit
tleconc
ernforthecul
turalandsoc
ial
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
consequences.PCPI Istressest hateconomi csuffi
ci
ency,whichispromotedthr
oughi mmor al
activ
iti
esc annotb ejusti
f i
ed.Someexamp lesofanimmor alappr
oachare:therepressionof
humanr i
ghts,exc essi
ved ependenceonf or
eignersthatdimini
shesourdigni
tyands overeignty
,
one-sidedassistanc ethater odesinternationals
oli
dari
ty.Noamountofmoneyc anp ayf orthe
innervaluesofr ighteousnes sandf r
eed om.
2. CommonGood
Ac ommuni tyisgenui nelyhealthywhenal lpeople,notonlyors everalsegment s,fl
our i
sh.The
Rus si
anNov elistDoes toeskiputitthisway :“Thed egreeofc i
vil
izati
oni nas ociet
yc anb e
judgedb yent eringitsp ri
sons ”
.“Ever ysoc
ialgr oupmusttakei ntoac countoft heneed sand
l
egi t
imateas pir
at i
onsofot hergr oups,andev ent hegeneralwelfareoft heent ir
ehuman
family”.Thisc onceptoft hec ommongoods eemst obe‘miss
ingi naction’incontemp orarypubl
ic
l
ife,“nott heut i
li
tarianfor mulaoft hegreatestgoodf orthegr eatestnumb er,butthemoral
formulaoft hegr eatestgooff orall”,si
mplyont hebasi
sthatt heyar ehumanb ei
ngsand
thereforeinher ent l
ywor thyofr espect”.
Justi
ceandlove,accordingt oPopeJohnXXI I
I,ar et hepri
ncipallawsofhumanl i
fe.Jus
ticei
s
ourrecogni
tionofthed ignityandrightsofournei ghbor.Ifwet akej ustic
easani mparti
al
l
egalstruct
ur ethatwillgiveeveryoneher/hi
sd ue,itwillworkwel lonlyifweallhaveequal
opport
uniti
es.Unfortunat el
y,iti
snott hecase.Weneeds omet hingmuc hstrongerthanthe
“l
etterofthel aw,
”ifeac hofusi stogether /
hisd ue.Justic
eal oneisnotenough.Wec an
speakofjusticewit
houtl ove,butwec annotspeakofl ove,withoutj usti
ce.
ForusChri
stians,thedemandf orjusti
ceisdynamical
lylinkedwithChrist’sfundamental
commandoflove.PCPI Istatesthatwhil
ethed emandf orjusti
c ei
simp l
iedinlove,sti
llj
usti
ce
attai
nsi
tsinnerf ul
lnessonl
yi nlov
e.Itsays.“Forinjust i
ce,theotherp ers
onc anremain
‘
another
,’analien.Inlovetheotherisafriend,evenab rotherorsisterinChr i
st.”
Ifjusti
c ei
simportanti
nouri nd
ivi
dualrelati
onshi
ps,weal
soneedt oemphasi
zet hevalueof
soci
aljustic
e.Soci
aljusti
ceisthejusti
ceoft hecommongood.Itcall
sforthep r
omotionof
ournationali
stdes
iresthatmakesussay :“Bayanmunabagosari
li
.”Itmeanss acri
fi
cing
something,whic
hwes eeasourr i
ghtfort hesakeofcommongood.
3. Cal
ltoFami
ly,Communi
ty,andPar
tic
ipat
ion
Thesocial t
eachingp r ocl
aimst hatt hehumanp ersoni snotonlysac r
ed,butalsosocial.It
stress
est hathowweor ganizes ociet
yinec onomic s,poli
tic
s,andl aworpoli
cyd i
rectlyaffects
humand ignityandc ommuni t
y .Soc i
etyoftenp roclaimst heimportanceofindi
viduali
sm,b ut
Catholi
cs oci
alteachi ngar guest hathumanb ei
ngsar ef ul
fil
ledi
nc ommunityandf amily.The
Catholi
cChur chb el
iev eswehav et heresp
ons ibi
lit
yt oparti
cipat
ei nsoci
etyandt op romotethe
commongood ,especiallyfort hep oorandv ul
ner able.
Toachi
eveourv is
ionofr enewedpeopleandrenewednat i
on,weneedt oad
optaspir
itual
ityof
soc
ialt
ransfor
mat ion.Spiri
tual
it
yd emandsthatwel i
verad i
cal
lywhatwepreac
h.Itis
wit
nessi
ngtot her adi
caldemandsoft heGospel.I
naj ourneywithJes
us,wearechall
engedto
wit
nesstothec omingReignofGod .Itisspi
ritualjourney.
4. Ri
ght
sandRes
pons
ibi
li
ties
Humand i
gnit
yc anonl
ybep r
otectedifallhumanr ight
sarep rotectedandr
esponsib
ili
ti
esofall
humanbeingsaremet.Everypersonhasaf und amentalr
ightt oli
feandarighttotheb asi
c
needsofli
fe.TheCathol
icChurc
ht eachest hateverypersonhasad ut
yandresponsi
bil
ityto
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
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helpf ulf
ill
theserightsf oroneanot her ,f orourf amil
ies,andf orthel argersoci
ety.Publi
c
debat einournat i
oni sof tend ivi
dedb et weent hosewhof oc usonp ersonalresponsi
bil
iti
esand
thos ewhof ocusons ocialr esponsibi
li
ties ,butt heCatholictradit
ionins i
stsbotharenec ess
ary
tor espondt othebas i
candf und ament al ri
ghtsofev eryhumanb eing.Thisisexemplif
iedin
SaintJohnPaulI I
,“ Ther oadt ot otalliberationisnott hewayofv iol
enc e,cl
assstruggleor
hate;i tisthewayofl ov e,b r
ot herhood ,andp eacefulsoli
d ari
ty”.

5. Opt
ionf
ort
hePoorandVul
ner
abl
e
Thiswor ldi ss hap edbythed i
visi
onb et weengr owingp rosp
er ityfors omeandp overtyf or
others.TheCat holi
cChur chp rocl
aimst hatt hebasi
cmor alt estofas oc i
etyishowt hemos t
vulnerab l
ememb erarefar ing.Ours oc ietyismarredb yad eep eningdiv i
sionbetweent herich
andp oor .Thev alueofb eingp ro-poori sur gentinourc ount ry,wher et hef ewwhoar er i
chand
power fulenj oymor el
uxur iesandp rivileges,whil
eal argenumb eroft heor di
narypeop le,
sufferi np over tyandmi ser y.Beingp r o-poorisbasedont heBi bl
e.TheOl dTestaments eesGod
asa“ li
b erat oroft heoppr essedandt hed efenderoft hepoor .”Pr op
het sd enouncedi njusti
ces
againstt hep oor .Jesushims elfwasap rophet,andasChr istians,wemakeap referent i
al
optionf ort hep oorandt heneed yb ec aus etheybeart heprivilegedp resenc eofChrist( Mt
25:31-34) . Pop eJohnPaulI Iputst hisc hal
lengeofc hoosingt ob epr o-poorinwor ldwide
perspect iv
e,s ay i
ng:
Thislov
eofp refer
enc ef orthep oorcannotemb rac
ethei mmensemult
itudesofthehungr
y,
theneed y
,thehomel ess
,t hosewi thoutmedicalc
areand ,abov
eall
,thosewithouthop
eofa
betterfuture.Toignoret heser eali
tieswouldmeanbecomingli
ketherichmanwho
pretendednottoknowt heb eggarLazar usly
ingathisgate.

6. TheDi
gni
tyofWor
kandt
heRi
ght
sofWor
ker
s
TheCatholicChur chteachest hatt heec onomymus tservethep eople.Toooftenthe
marketplac
et akep recedenceov ert herightsofwor kers.Worki smor ethanawayt omakea
l
ivi
ng;itisaf ormofc onti
nuingp ar ti
cipati
oninGod ’
screation.Ther ightstoprod
ucti
vework,
todecentandf airwages ,t otheor ganizationofunions,top ri
vatep ropert
y,andtoeconomi
c
i
niti
ativear eallpartofp rotecti
ngt hed i
gnit
yofwor kb yprotecti
ngt heri
ghtsofthe
workers.Res p
ec t
inghumanl i
fe,d efendshumanr ights,andad vancest hewell
-bei
ngofall
.
Unli
keani malswhohav enof reedom,initiati
v eandc reativit
y,humanwor kenab lesust o
“subduet heeart h”and“ tohav edominionov ert hev i
s i
b l
ewor l
d.”Wi thwork,web ecomeGod ’
s
co-creat orsands tewar dsorc aretakersofc reation.Web ecomep artnersoft heHol ySp ir
it,in
renewi ngt hefac eoft heear th.Thusithwor k,weac hieveourf ulfi
ll
mentashumanb ei ngs.We
aret hes ubjectofwor kands houldnotb et reat edast hings.Wehav eprimacyov ert hings .The
resour cesofourwor ldhav ebeenp l
acedher eb yourCr eatortos erveus,whenwewor k.Lab or,
theref ore,hasp r i
or i
tyov ercap i
tal
.Lab orist he“ primar yeffici
entc auseofp roduc tion.”
Capitalisa“ mer ei nstrument .” Pop eJohnPaul IItoldt hewor kersinLegas p
iCi tyt hatChr is
t
himself“ immeas urab l
yennob l
edands anc ti
fiedal lhumanwor kb yhiswor kasac ar pent eri n
Nazar ethandb yhi smanyot herlabors,thusc onferringonwor kersas pecialsol
idaritywi th
himselfandgi vingt hemas hareinhisownr ed emp ti
vewor k.
”
7. Sol
idar
ity
Ours
oci
etyoft
enstr
essesindi
vid
uali
sm,indi
ffer
enc
eands ometi
mesis
olat
ioni
smi
nthefaceof
i
nter
nati
onalr
esp
onsi
bil
it
ies.TheCathol
icChurc
hproc
lai
mst hatev
eryhumanbei
nghasa
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
responsibi
li
tytoourb rothersands is
t er
s ,wherevertheyli
v e.Wear eonehumanf ami
ly,
what everournational,raci
al,ethnic,economic
,andi deol
ogicaldif
ferences.Soli
darit
yisabout
l
ovingournei ghb
or slocal
ly,national
ly,aswellasinternational
ly.Thesevirtuesisdescr
ibedby
JohnPaulI Ias“af ir
mandp erseveri
ngd eterminati
ont ocommi tonesel
ft othecommongood ;
thati stosaytothegoodofal landofeac hindi
v i
dual
,b ec
aus ewear eallreall
yresponsi
blefor
all
”(Solli
cit
udoReiSoc ial
is,no.38).
8. Car
eforGod
’sCr
eat
ion
TheCatholi
ctrad
iti
oni nsist
st hateveryhumanb eingshowr es
p ectf ortheCreatorbyour
stewards
hipofHiscreation.Wear ecall
edtoprot ectpeopleandt hep l
anetbyli
vingourfai
t h
withrespec
tforGod ’
sc r
eat i
on.Inas oci
etywithc ont
r oversyov erenv ir
onmentalis
sues,the
Cathol
icChurc
hb el
ievesitisaf undamentalmoralandet hicalchallengethatcannotb ei
gnored.
Pop eFr anc isinLaud atoSi ’hadr ais
edt hep l
anet ’
sheal thtoal evelofc ris
is.Asap l
anet ,al l
arei ndangerb ecauset heear t h’
ss ystemsar efaili
ng.Manys c
ient i
stsagr eet hatglob al
war mi ngi sreal ,itisalread yhap peningandt hati tisf r
omt heac tivi
tiesandnotanat ur al
occ ur r
enc e.Ev er yoneisal r ead ys eeingc hangess uc hasglaciersmel ti
ng,p l
antsandani mal s
beingf orcedoutf romt hei rhab itatsands everest ormsandd rought sinc r
eas i
ng.Sc i
ent is ts
pred ictt hatd eat hsf r
omgl ob alwar mingwi l
ldoubleinj ust25y ear s
,heatwav eswi l
lb ec ome
mor ei ntens eandgl obal seal ev el
sc ouldriseb ymor et han20f eetwi tht helossofs helfi c ein
Gr eenlandandAnt arctica,d ev astatingc oastalar easwor l
dwide.”Thep eop l
ear ealread y
exp er i
enc i
ngs omeoft hes ec hangesandt heb ul
kofd estructi
oni sp r
imar il
yaf fecti
ngt he
poor .Hehi ghli
ght sr el
at i
onal ityast henewofmos timportantofal lli
fe,i mpell
inghimt op osi
t
anewmet ap hys i
csofr elat ions hi
pgr ound edind iv
inel ove. Peop l
ear enotonl yhuman
beingsf orPop eFr ancis;b utt heyar ehumani nterbeingsands har eint heinterrelatednes sof
allt hesec osmi clife.

9. Sub
sid
iar
y
Thewor dsub si
diaritycomesfromt heLatinwor dsubs idi
umwhi c hmeanshel p ,aid,support.The
principl
eofs ubs
idiarit
ymeansb eingwide-eyed ,c
lear lydeter
mi ningther i
ghtamountofhel p
ors upportt hatisneed edtoac c
omp l
is
hat askt omeetanob l
igat ion:“nottoomuc h”(taking
overandd oingitf ortheother:t herebycreatinglear nedhelples snessorov erdependenc e)and
“nott oolittle”(standingbackandwat chi
ngp eoplet hrashabout ,therebyinc r
eas i
ng
frust r
ationandp erhapshopelessness).“Inst
eadoft he‘l
essgov ernmentt heb etter’
,t he
principl
emi ghtb eb ett
ersummar izedas‘nobiggert hannec ess ary ,nosmallert han
app ropri
ate’.”

10.Uni
ver
salDes
tinat
ionofGood
s
Godint endsfort hegood sofc reationt obeatt hes ervi
ce( ord
est i
nedf or)al
lofhumanity
(universall
y).Ever yonehast her ightt oac cessgoodst omeettheirneed s.Peopl
eandnat i
ons
havenor i
ghtt os quand erres ourceswhenot hersar einneed.SaintAmb rosesummeditupover
1500y earsagowhenhes aidofc har it
ab l
egi v
ing.“Youar enotmaki ngagi ftofyour
possessionstot hep oorp erson.Youar ehand ingovert ohimwhati shis.Forwhathasb een
giveninc ommonf ort heuseofal l
,y ouhav ear r
ogat ed(takenup)toy ourself
.Theworldis
giventoal l
,andnotonl yt ot her i
ch.”
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
M
I Recalli
nstanceswhereyousharedoursoc
ialtr
aditi
onmor eful
lyandcl
earl
yasanes sent
ial
S wayt obri
nggoodnews ,li
ber
ty,andnews i
ghttoas oc
ietyandworldi
nd es
perateneedofGod'
s
S justi
ceandp eace.Des
ignaprogram(pl
anofac t
ion)oftheseli
ttl
eactsofkindnes
sonhowy ou
I cansustai
nori mprovethem.
O
N
A
R
Y
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E

R Aus
tin,Fl
anner
y,OP(Gen.Ed
.),Vat
icanCounc
ilI
I:TheConc
il
iarDoc
ument
s.Vol1, NewYor
k:Cos
tel
l
o
E Publi
shi
ngCo.
,1984.
A Dewey
,RobertE.andGoul
d,JamesA.Fr
eedom:I
tshi
stor
y,nat
ureandvar
iet
ies
. NewYor
k:TheMac
mil
li
an
D Company
,1970.
I Kel
ly
,Kev
in.NewDi
rec
tionsi
nMor
alTheol
ogy:TheChal
lengeofBei
ngHuman. London:Geof
freyChap
man,1992.
N
Rat
zinger
,Josep
hCard
i . Godandt
nal heWorl
d:Beli
evi
ngandLivi
nginourTime (
Aconv
ers
ati
onwi
thPet
er
G
Seewald
).Tr
ans
.byHenryTay
lor
.SanFranci
sco: I gnat
iusPres
s,2002.
S
Ser
afi
ni,Ant . Et
hony hic
sandSoc
ialConc
erns
.NewYor
k:Par
agonHous
e Pub
lis
her
s,1989.

Weav
er,DarleneFozar
d.TheAc
tingPer
sonandChr
ist
ianMor
alLi
fe.Was
hingt
on, D.
C.:Geor
get
ownUni
ver
sit
y
Pr
ess,2011.

D.PERSON-CENTEREDMORALI
TY

C Thep ers on-cent er edap proachp l

acesar enewedemp hasi
sont hemot iv
at i
ont oev aluatet he
O charac terofot her s,ar guingthatitc anac countf oranumb erofr ec entemp i
ricalfindings
N thatap p earp uzzlingori rrati
onalwhenv iewedf romt hep er specti
v eofac t-centered
T approac hes .Spec ificall
ywewi l
lpresentev idencet hatj udgment sofap erson’sund erlyi
ng
E moralc har acterc anb eemp i
ric
all
yd i
st i
nguishedf romj udgment sab outt her ightnessor
X wrongnes sofanac t( asd emonstratedb yev idencet hatj ud gment sofac tsc anb edissociated
T fromj ud gment sofc haracter),andthatc er taintrans gres sionselic i
tes peciall
ynegat i
ve
reactionsnotb ec aus et heyar eunusuallywr ongi n-and -of -thems elves,b utb ecauset heyar e
seenashi ghlyd iagnos t i
cofani ndiv
idual’smor alchar acter .Thep r ocessofar rivi
ngatamor al
judgment ,then,i sof tenmor einfl
uenc edb ywhatt heac tionr eflec tsab outanagent ’
smor al
charac tert hanb yt hed egreeofhar mt heac tc aused ,orwhet hert heac tviolatesas etof
moralr ules.
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
I ELEMENTSOFAPERSON-CENTEREDMORALI
TY
N
 OBJECT/
ACT -GOODORBAD
S
P  THECI
RCUMSTANCE–SI
TUATI
ONOFANACT(
time,p
lac
eandoc
cas
ion)
I
 I
NTENTI
ON/
END/
PURPOSE–t
her
eas
onb
ehi
ndt
heac
t
R
E -ani
ndi
ffer
entac
tmayb
ecomemor
all
ygoodorb
ad
D
W -anob
jec
tiv
elygoodac
tmayb
ecomemor
all
ybad
O -Anob
jec
tiv
elygoodac
tcanr
ecei
vead
dedgood
nes
s
R
D -Anob
jec
tiv
elyb
adac
tcannev
erb
ecomegoodi
nsp
iteoft
hegoodmot
ive
S Ins hor t,t herei sgrowi ngPer son-Cent eredMor al
ity ev idencet hatwheni tc omest omor al
& jud gment ,humanb eingsap peart ob eb estc har acter izednotasi ntuit
ived eont ologi
s tsor
C cons equent i
alists,butasi ntuitivev ir
t uet heor i
s t
s :ind ivi
dual swhov i
ewac tsasar ichs etof
H signal sab outt hemor alqual itiesofanagent ,andnotast heend poi
ntofmor alj udgment .In
U whatf ollows ,wewi l
ld ef endas pec i
fics etofc l
aimsr egar dingt hec ent r
alityofc har acter
R ev aluat ioni nmor aljud gment .Namel y
,wear guet hat1)i ndividualsaremot i
vat edt oas sessthe
C char acterofot hers,andnotj ustt her ightnes sorwr ongnes sofanac t2)s omeac tsar e
H per ceiv edasmor einf ormat i
v eofani nd iv
idual’smor alc harac tert hanot hers,andar e
’ ther ef or ewei ghedheav il
yi nmor aljudgment s,3)mor alev aluat i
onsofac tsandc haracterc an
S diver ge,r esultinginac t-p ersond is
sociat i
ons ,4)j ud gment sofmor alchar acterc ani nfusea
T hos tofot herj udgment st hatar ec entr altomor alev al uations( e.g.,judgment sof
E int ent i
onal ity,agenc y ,andb lame) ,and5)t hatanumb erofr ecentemp i
ricalfindings
A demons trat i
ngap parenti ncons istenciesi nmor alj ud gmentmayb eb etterinter pretedas
C reas onab lef orani ndiv i
d ualmot i
v atedt oas sesst hec har acterofanagentr athert hanas
H simp le“ er ror s
”ofmor alj udgment .
I (
htt
p:/
/www.
soc
ial
jud
gment
s.c
om/
doc
s/Uhl
mann.
Pizar
ro.
Dier
mei
er.
pdf
)
N
Sour
cesofChr
ist
ianNor
ms
G
S Chr i
st ianslookt oanumb erofs our c
esf oret hical guidance.TheBi bl
ehast raditi
onallybeen
thef irs tandmos ti mp ortants our ce.Gleani nget hi c
alguid ancef romt heBi bl
ei snoteas yati t
mights eem,howev er .Themanyb ooksoft heBiblewer ewr ittenind ifferentper i
odsand
reflectqui teav ar ietyofc ont ext sands ituati
ons .Theb i
blicalwr i
terswr ot
ef romt heirown
l
ocat ionsi nd i
v erses oci
et i
esandc ul
tur e.Theys awandund erstoodt hingsd i
fferentlyf r
omone
anot herandc er tai nlyfromp er sonsoft hemod ernage,whol iveinat horoughlychangedwor l
d.
Bibli
calwr i
ter ss omet i
mesd i
s agr eed,andwhatt heyt houghtwaset hicall
yac ceptabl
ei nt heir
ownt i
me-f orexamp le,slaver y-hasc hangedasc ulturehasev olved.Comp ound i
ngt hese
dif
f erenc es,andc omp li
catingmat tersimmens ely ,present -dayd ecis
ion-maker smusti nterpret
whatb ibli
calwr i
ter smeantandt henap p lythes emeani ngs .TheBi bled oesnoti nter
p retit s
elf
ormaked ecisions .Andwhi leb iblicalschol arshav ed evelopedawi derangeoft oolstod othe
taskofi nter p
r etat i
onandet hicistsof fert hei
rb estwi sdomoni nterpr et
ation,their
dis
agr eement sar ec ommonp lac e.I ndeed ,ethical confli
ctsar es omet i
mesmat tersof
interp retationandus eofb iblicalt exts.
Inspit
eofthesecompli
cat
ions,t
hemesd or
unt hrought heBib
le,andthes
et hemesc anb
e
id
entifi
edwit
had egr
eeofac c
uracy.Thebi
bli
calwritersexperi
encedthesamel ov
ingGodas
modernpeop
leandfacedmanyoft hesameprobl
ems .TheBibl
er emai
nsagoods ourceof
guid
ance.
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
Theologyi sthes ec
onds our
ceofnorms .Under
s t
andi
ngsofGod ’spowerandhumansi nhav e
al
read yb eenidentifi
ed.Thenatur
eofGod ’
spowerasloveinspi
resandl eadsd ecis
ion-maker s
tolovet heirneighborsandtobesensitiv
et otheworkoft heSpir
itinsituations.Different
understand i
ngsofs inleadtoconf
li
ctingv i
ewsonmat ter
sofs exuali
ty.Seeings inasd eepand
universalleadsdecisi
on-makerstorealis
ticacti
onsthatfactorinthehumant endencyto
misusef reedom.
Thet hirds
ourceofnor msist hehi
stori
caltradit
ionofthechurch.Chris
tiansthr
ought he
centurieshav
ed evotedconsi
d erab
lethoughtt ois
suesof,forexamp l
e,vi
olenc
e,s exuali
ty,t
he
poor,andnature.Thet radi
tionschangeands ometimesyi
eldamul t
ipl
ici
tyofguidelines
,but
theyal s
oshowc onti
nuityandr efl
ectacertainamountofp rac
ticalwisd
om.Traditionson
justi
c earecri
ti
c alt
ot hi
svolume.
Thef ourths ourceofnor msi st hechurchini tsmanyf orms.Thet hreep reviouss ourc
esall
grewi nchur chground .Thec hur chrangesf romt hechurchc athol
icoruni versal
,t ospeci
fic
churchorgani zationssuc hast heRomanCat holicChurchands pec
ifi
cPr otestant
denominations ,toassociationsofc hurches,t othelocalbrickandmor tarc hurch,t owhatin
theBi b
leisr eferredtoas“ wher etwoort hr eear egatheredtogether.”Likewi se,theethic
al
guideli
nesr angef romt radi
t i
onalhi s
toric
al perspecti
ves,toc omprehens i
vec hurc hst
udiesand
pronouncement s
,t orulesofc hur chorganizations,andt othewi s
domandgui danc eofagood
fri
end .
Thef i
nalsourc eist heb roadc ategoryofs ecul
aret hi
caltraditi
onsandot herr el
igions.
Christi
anands ecularp hi
losophicaltradi
tionsint heWes thavehadac l
oseandmut ually
edif
y i
ngrelations hi
pf orc entur i
es.Nati
veAmer i
cant radi
t i
onsarerichint heirsensiti
vityto
nature.Taoismi sl i
kewi s
er ichinitssearchf orb alance.Bud dhi
smhold
st ot heinter rel
ationof
allbei
ngsandt al
ksab outc l
ingingord es
ireast hec hi
efp robl
em.Christi
ansar ef reet o
appropri
atet hei nsightsoft hes eothertrad i
tions,t oenterintodial
oguewi t
had herent sof
thesetraditi
ons ,andt ojoininc ommonac t i
ons.
Usi
ngthesefi
ves ourcestoestabl
ishnor
mst hatr
elatetoagi v
encaseiscomplexandrequi
res
pr
acti
ce.Thesi
t uationorcas
ei t
selfoff
ersanobviousstart
ingpoi
nt.So,forexample,i
fthe
si
tuat
ioninv
olvesviolentc
onfl
ict,normsdeali
ngwithvi
olenceandnonvi
olenc
eap pl
y.
Manyai dsareav ailab letohelpinloc atingr elevantnor ms.Conc ord anceshel pt ol
oc atespeci
fic
wordsi ntheBi bleandt extscontainingt hesewor ds.Thec r
iticalc omment ariesthatf oll
ow
eachc aseint hisv olumei d
entifynor msandhel pwi thinter pretat ions.Dict i
onar i
esofChr ist
ian
ethic
sar ewi delyav ailabl
eandp rov ides horts ummar i
esf ort hos ewhos et i
mesi slimited.
Scholarshaves tud iedmos tethical i
ssues ,andt heirpub l
icationsus uallydev elopnor ms.Most
majord enomi nat ionshav ewel l
-est abli
s hedp ositi
onsonmaj oret hicalissues .Deci
sion-makers
areinc r
easingl yc ons ulti
ngweb sites,alt hought hequal ityofar t
ic l
esf oundi sunev enand
cautionisad vised .I fc asesar ediscus s
edi nac l
as srooms et ting,t eacher smayp rovide
backgroundl ect ur es .Also,decis
ion-maker smayt urnt ot heloc alc hurch,wher ecommuni ti
es
ofbelieversf requent lywor kthroughet hicalissues,of tengui dedb yc omp etentlead ers.
M WhatamIgoodat?WhatdoIfi
nddiff
icul
t?Therearesever
alt
ool
stohel
pthec
hil
dory
oung
I per
sonthi
nkaboutwhatt
heyaregoodatorfinddi
ffi
cult
.
S
1.Whatdoesagooddayl
ookl
ike,whataret
hethingsthatneedtohapp
entomakei
tagood
S
day?Whatdoesabaddayl
ookli
ke?(5it
emsforgooddayand5i t
emsforbadd
ay)
I
O
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
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TYI
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MES
N 2.Whatneed stochanget omakesurethepersonhasmor egoodd ayst hanb add ays?
A
R
Y
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E https:
//www2.
oxf
ord
s hi
re.
gov
.uk/
cms
/si
tes
/def
aul
t/f
il
es/
fol
der
s/d
ocument
s/ c
hil
drened
uc at
ionand
fami
li
es/
educ
at
ionand
lear
ning/
spec
ial
educ
ati
onal
need
s/Per
sonCent
red
Planni
ngTool
s.p
df

MI
DTERMS
I
I.CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TY:PERSONALANDFAMI
LYI
SSUESANDCHURCH’
SRESPONSES

C A.ONHUMANDI
GNI
TY
O
N
AsChr i
sti
ans ,web eli
evet hathumand ignit
yisfundament al
lyarelati
onalreali
ty.Itisrooted
T
fir
stinourr elationshi
pt oGod .BecauseofGod’sloveforushumans ,weaff i
rmt hatevery
E
personhasv alue,wor t
hord i
gnity,si
mp l
ybecauseheors heishuman.Ev er
y bod
yi sasomebody
X
i
nGod ’seyes.Ouri nherentd i
gnity,asrootedinGod’sl
ove,isinal
ienabl
e.Itmeanst hatit
T
cannotbet akenawayf romus ,byourownoranot her’
smis d
eeds.
Theint rins
ic,inali
enabled i
gnityofev eryp ersonhasamor alimpli
cation.Whi
leweallenjoy
inherentd i
gnity ,wealsob el
ieve,asChr is
tians ,t
hatwear ec al
ledtob ui
lduponeanotherby
attri
b utingdignity,esteem,andv aluet oeac hother.Wedot hisinthewaywes p
eak,regard,
andr elatetooneanot her.Inot herwor ds,inherentdi
gnityelici
tsanet hict
hatrespects,
defend s,andp romoteshumanwel l-beingandd oesnotcounts omeot herhumanvaluesor
functionsasmor eimpor t
antt hanb einghuman.

Humand ignityist hefundament albas i

sofal lmor al
ity.Wi thoutagr aspofi nher entdignityof
pers ons,t herewoul db enomor ali
tyatal l.Weac tmor ally
,i nthefirstplace,b ecauseweb eli
eve
thatev ery bodyisas omebody,whooughtt ob eres p
ec tedandt reatedass uch.Thus ,therear e
right sthatp r
ot ectourd i
gnityasemb odi
edp er
sons( t herightstolife,food ,clothi
ng,s helt
er,
andb asichealt hcare),aswor kers(t herightt oaj us twage) ,associalbeings( ther i
ghtt o
as s
emb l
y) ,asmemb ersofaf amily(ther i
ghtmar ryort oremai nsi
ngle,t her i
ghtt o
proc reate) ,ass tudents,ands oforth.Wec ouldnothav eahumanr ightswat c
h,orc l
aimt he
violationofhumanr i
ghts,withoutr ecognizinginher enthumand i
gni ty
.
I 1.Chil
drenareGifts(cl
oning,s
urrogacy,arti
fic
ialinsemi nati
on)
N Humanc l
oni
ngist hemakingofaheredi
taril
yindi
stinguishab l
edupl
icateofacur
rent
,or
S befor
ehandexis
ting,personordev
elopi
ngc l
onedtissuefr omt hatp
er s
on. Inspi
teoft
he
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
P factthatquali
tiesarep erc
eivedasaffect
ingconduc
tanddiscer
nment ,"genet i
call
yidenti
cal"
I doesnotmeani nsid
eandouti ndist
ingui
shabl
e;nobodywoul
ddenyt hatindis
t i
nguishabl
etwins,
R i
ns pi
teofb ei
ngc ommonhumanc l
oneswithindi
sti
nguis
habl
eDNA,ar es eparateindivi
dual
s,
E withi
nd ep
endentenc ountersandnotoutandoutc over
ingi
denti
ties.(S.(
2018,June01)
.Human
c
loni
ng.Ret
rievedJune12,2018,f
romht
tps
://
www.
sci
enc
edai
ly.
com/
ter
ms/
human_c
loni
ng.
htm)
D
W a.Thet
ypi
cal
def
ini
ti
onofs
urr
ogac
yref
erst
oanar
rangementi
nwhi
cht
hes
urr
ogat
eist
he
O chil
d'sgenet icmot her.Thewoman' seggisf ertili
zedi nal abus ings per mf r
omt hemanwho
R wishest or ai
s ethec hild.Thisf or mofs urrogac ymayb eus edb yawomanwi thmed icali
ss ues
D thataf fectherab il
ityt oov ulatenor mall
y .Inad d i
tion,s omewomenc hooses urr ogacyasan
S optionift heyhav eas eriousi l
lnes sthatwoul dd ecreas et heirab i
li
tyt oc arryap regnanc yt o
& termorc ouldb epotent iall
yp as sedt othec hi
ld.Theot herf ormofs ur rogacyismor e
C accuratelyr eferredt oasges tationalsurrogac y.Int hisc as e,t hep regnantwomani snot
H biol
ogicall
yr elatedt ot heb ab y.Shei simpl
ant edwi t haf er til
izedeggandagr eest ot urnov er
U theb abyatt heendoft hep r egnanc y.Thisopt i
oni sof tenus edb ywomenwi thnor malov arian
func t
ionwhohav eprob lemswi tht hei
ruter us.(Hinders,D.(n.d.)
.Def i
nit
ionofSur rogacy.Ret
rieved
R
June12,2018,f
romht
tps
://
pregnanc
y.l
ovet
oknow.
com/
wiki
/Def
ini
tion_of
_Sur
rogac
y)
C
H b.I
nar
tif
ici
ali
nsemi
nat
ion,ad
oct
ori
nser
ts 
sper
m d
irec
tlyi
ntoawo
man'
s 
cer
vix
,fal
l
opi
ant
ubes
,
’ orut erus.Themo stc ommo nmet hodisc al
led" i
ntraut
er i
neinseminati
on( IUI),"whenad o
c to
r
S placest hes p
ermi nt heut erus.Thep r
oc edurecanb eusedformanyk i
ndso ffer t
il
ityproblems.In
T casesi nvol
v i
ngmal einf erti
l
ity,it'
so ftenus edwhent here'
sav erylows p
er mc ountorwhens per
m
E aren'ts trongeno ught os wi
mt hrought hecer v
ixandupi nt
ot hefall
opiant ubes.Whent heissueis
A femal einfertil
it
y,i t
'sso metimesd oneify ouhav e 
aconditi
onc al
l
ed endomet ri
o s
is 
oryouhav e
C anyt hi
ngt hat'sab normal i
ny ourrep r
od ucti
v eorgans.(
WebMD.(n.
d.)
.Infert
ili
tyandArti
fic
ial
Ins
eminat
ion.Ret
rievedJune12,2018,from
H htt
ps:
//www.webmd.com/i
nfert
il
ity-and-repr
oduc
tion/
gui
de/
art
ifi
cial
-ins
emi
nat
ion#1)
I
N CHURCH’
SRESPONSE
G
S Thed evelop mentofhumanl ifef romt hef ertil
izedegg( zygot e)t oad ulthoodoc c ursona
continuum.Wemayt al
kab outemb ryo,f et us,inf ant ,c hild,andad ult,butt heyar eal lformsof
humanl ife,andhel inesb et weent hemar enotc lear l
yd r awn.Noonec ans ayp rec isel
yatwhat
pointani nfantb ecomesac hil
d,whenac hildbec omesanad ult,orwhenaf etusi sc ap ableof
existenc eexut er o.Peop l
ei nt hemi dd
leagess pec ulat edab outt hep ointwher et heemb ry o
became“ ens oul ed ”( somehel datc oncept ion,ot her sf or tyorei ght yday saf t
er war d )
.I nmor e
recentd ay s,s omeb el i
evet hat“ quickening”( mov ementoft hef etusi nt hewomb )
ist he
beginningofas igni ficantnews tage,alt houghmov ements urelyt ookp laceb efor eitwas
detectedb yt hemot her .Ot her sc itebrainac tivi
t yorr es pons et oas ti
mul iasas ignificant
plateau.Al lthi si si dle.Thef etusatal ll
ev el
si saf ormofhumanl ife.I tisoft hehuman
species.Andl ongb ef orev i
ab il
ityorqui ckeni ng,t hef etushat heb od yandal lthep hys i
cal
character i
sticst hatar eas sociatedwi thhumanl ife.Li fei slife:ithasap renat alp haseanda
postnat alp has e.I f,atal at est age,t hef et usis“ p otent i
allyab let oli
veout si
d et hemot her’
s
womb ,”ithast hi ss amep ot entialityinp regnanc yal s
o.Theonl yd ifferenc eist hati nonec ase,
thef etusi sc los ert oac hi
ev i
ngi tsp otent iali
tyt hani nt heot her .
Ifoned ef
inesp ersonsinap ar t
icularway ,itwillturnoutt hatt hef etusisnotap erson.
JusticeBlackmunap parentl
yd efineditt omeanf ormsofhumanl ifet hathavebeenb orn,for
hedef i
nest heunb ornt herightt olif
eguar ant
eedb yt heCons t
itut i
on.Ad mi
ttedly
,f etuses
cannothol dprop er
t y
,par t
icipateint hec ensus,orc ountasd ependent sonincomet axf orms.
Butallt hi
sislegalisti
candhasnob earingont hemor alissue.Ifwed efi
nepersons,ass ome
psychologis
tsd o,asf ormsofhumanl i
fet hathav ebec ome“ soci
al i
zed ”orhaveac l
ears ens eof
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
theirowni d
entity,infantsar enotpersonsandwoul dals
ob ed eniedther i
ghttolife.A
theologianmayd efinepersonasanyf ormofhumanl i
f epos
ses singas oulandarguet hatthe
fetusi ssuchaf orm.Howc anwer es
olvethisdefi
niti
onaldispute?Wed onothavet o.
Somewher ealongt heline,soonerorlater,l
ifeachievespersonhood .Evenifwed onotb el
iev
e
thatt hef etusisap er
son,ithasinallofitsstagesthep ot
ent iali
tyofb ecomi
ngt hep er
son.If
wev aluep ersonhood ,wemus tvaluethatwhi c
hhast hepotent i
alofac hievi
ngpersonhood.
Thec ruc
ialconsi
derati
onagainstabortion,then,i st
hatt hef etusisaf ormofhumanlife,a
personorap otenti
alperson,andthushast her ighttosurvival.Itisimmoraltodepri
ves ucha
beingoflif
e. Ri c
hardA.Was serstr
oms ummar izesav i
ewt hatp lac
est hefetusi
n“ a
dis
t i
ncti
ve,relat
ivel
yuniquemor alcat
egor y
”s omewhatl owert hanp ersonsbutsup
eriort o
animals.
2.Sc
ienc
eandTec
hnol
ogy(
cyb
ers
ex(
por
nogr
aphy)
,cyb
erb
ull
ying)

a.Cy b
ers existheengagementofI nternetus er
sinsexualconv ersati
onandp hysi
cal
partic
ipat i
ont othelevelwher eitisp ossi
blet osati
sfytheur gef orsexualpleasureon
personalc omputersorot herI nter
netenab l
edgad gets.Thisi stheinteracti
onmayb eb et
ween
twoormul tipl
epeopleandmayi ncl
ud eorexc l
udemasturbation.Cy bersexhast akenmany
formsov ert i
meast ec
hnol ogycontinuest ob eaccess
ibl
eandaf fordabl
ef orallandast he
Internett echnologycontinuest oplayamaj orpartofmos tc areers.Oneoft hep henomena
thathav ec omeoutofc yb ersexisthe‘ c
yber -affai
r’
.

Cyber-affai
rsareanyr omanticors exuallyorient
edrelationshipsini
ti
atedviaonli
ne
communicati
onandmai ntainedpredomi nantlyoverel
ectronicc onvers
ationsthatoccurin
vir
tualcommuniti
es.Thiskindofr el
at ionshipcanbecontinuousb etweent woormorep eopl
eor
i
tmayb erandomins
tanc esoferot i
cc hatr oomencountersb etweenoramongs tr
angers.
Fas
( ugba-I
dowu,G.T.
,&Has
san,S.A.(
2008)
.Cyber
sex:Advant
agesAndDi
sadvant
ages
. I
OSRJour
nalOf
Humanit
iesAndSoci
alSci
ence(I
OSR-JHSS),
14(3),60-65.RetrievedJune12,2018,f
rom
htt
p://
iosrj
ournal
s.or
g/i
osr
-jhss/
paper
s/Vol14-i
ssue3/I01436065.pdf
)

b.Cy
ber
bul
ly
ingi
sbul
ly
ingt
hatt
akesp
lac
eov
erd
igi
tald
evi
cesl
ikec
ellp
hones
,comp
uter
s,and
tablets .Cy b
erb ullyi
ngc anoc curt hroughSMS,Text ,andap ps,oronl i
nei ns oc i
almed i
a,f orums,
orgami ngwher ep eoplec anv i
ew,p art i
cipatein,ors har ec ontent.Cy berbul l
yingi nclud es
send i
ng,p osti
ng,ors har ingnegat i
ve,har mful,false,ormeanc ontentab outs omeoneel se.It
cani nc l
udes har ingpers onalorp riv
at ei nformat i
onab outs omeoneel sec aus ing
emb arr assmentorhumi l
i ati
on.Somec y berbull
yingc ross est heli
nei ntounl awf ulorc rimi nal
behav ior.Thec ont entani ndividualshar esonline–b otht heirpersonalc ont entaswel lasany
negat ive,mean,orhur tf ulc ontent–c reat esaki ndofp er manentp ublicrec or doft hei rv i
ews,
activities,andb ehavior.Thi sp ubli
cr ecor dcanb et houghtofasanonl i
ner ep ut ati
on,whi ch
mayb eac cessiblet oschool s,emp loyers,c oll
eges ,clubs,andot herswhomayb er esear chingan
indivi
d ualnowori nthef ut ur e.Cyber bullyi
ngc anhar mt heonl i
ner eput ationsofev ery one
involved–notj us tthep er sonb eingb ulli
ed,butt hosed oingt hebullyi
ngorp ar tici
pat ingi nit.
St
( opBul
lyi
ng.
gov.(
n.d.
).WhatI
sCyber
bul
lyi
ng.Ret
rievedJune12,2018,f
rom
ht
tps
://
www.
stopbul
lyi
ng.
gov/
cyber
bul
lyi
ng/
what
-is
-it
/index.
html
)

3.Pr
eMar
italSex/
Art
ifi
cialCont
rac
ept
ion(
inp
ass
ing)

a.Thoughahumanb
einggai
nst
hep
hys
ical
mat
uri
tyofp
roc
reat
ionatt
heb
egi
nni
ngof
p
uberty,he/
shei scons
ideredeli
gibl
eformat i
ngandr eproductionmuchlatermaybeaf ter18
y
earsofageor20.Andal s
ot hesoci
etyinsi
ststhatas exualp r
acti
ceoutsideamarr i
ageis
i
mproperandil
legalattimes.Premarit
alsexual
ityisanys exualacti
vit
ywit hanop
p osi
tesex
p
artnerorwithas ames expartnerbeforehe/shehasstar tedamar r
iedli
fe.Thetermis
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
usuall
yusedt
orefertheinter
cours
eb ef
orethel
egalageofamar riage.Ad ul
tswho
pr
es umab
lymarr
yeventuall
yalsof
allundert
hisd
efi
niti
on.(Pr
oker
aia.(n.
d.)
.Premar
itals
exual
it
y
andsoci
alef
fects.Retr
ievedJune12,2018,from
htt
ps:/
/www. pr
okeral
a.com/r
elat
ionshi
ps/sexual
it
y/pr
emar
ital
-sex.
htm)

b.Ar
tif
ici
alb
irt
hcont
rolc
anb
edef
inedasanyp
rod
uct
,pr
oced
ureorp
rac
tic
ethatus
es
arti
fic
ialorunnat uralmeanstopreventpregnancy.Barri
ermet hodss uchasc ondomsand
diap
hragms ,hor
monal methodssuchasthep i
llandIUDs,andsurgicalst eril
izationp rocedur
es
suchasav asectomyorhy ster
ectomyareallconsi
deredtob eartifi
cialb i
rthc ontr olmethods.
Thewithdrawalmet hodisconsi
deredbysomet obeartifi
ci
albir
thc ont rol,aswel l.(Staf
f,M.
,&
Staff,A.M.(
2017,Dec
ember12)
.WhatI stheMeaningofAr tifi
cialBi
rthCont
rol
?Ret
rievedJune12,2018,f
rom
ht
t ps
://www.moder
nmom.c
om/2c29a41c
-051f-11e2-9d62-404062497d7e.
html
)

CHURCH’ SRESPONSE
EarlyChristi
anit
yc learlyteachesthatpremar i
talsexualint er
cour s
eisimmoral.Jes
us ,Paul,
thef ourgreatFather soft heLati
nChur ch,themed iev
als choolmen,andthegreatPr otestant
reformersoft hesixteenthands eventeenthcent uri
esagr eedinc ondemni
ngit.TheCat hol
ic
Churc handallmajorPr otestantdenominati
onst odaystil
lc ondemni t.
Thoughi twoul
db eer roneoust ocons truethes ixthbeat itude(“blessedarethep ur einhear t
”)
inanar rowl
ysexualway ,Jesusd i
dop posefornic ati
on.I nt heacc ountaddedtot heei ghth
chapterofJohn,Jes uss avedt heer ringwomanf roms toning(“Lethi mwhoi swi thouts i
n
amongy oubet hef i
rstt othr owas toneather ”)anst oldhert hathed idnotc ondemnher .He
isreportedtohaves aid,howev er
,“ goands i
nnomor e.”ThatJes uswaswi l
li
ngt of orgive
harlotsandfornic
at ors(andev enar guet hatt heywer enotasb adast hePhar i
sees )doesnot
meant hatheap provedoft heirconduc t.Hisview,r at her ,wast his:Eventhef ornicators,if
theyrepent,mayent ertheKi ngd om.
Thef i
ght inged geofear l
yChr i
stianit
ywast hemos tof tend ir
ec t
edatt hes exual
promiscui ty,
notonl yc ountenanc ed,butcelebratedb yt hep aganr eli
gions.Thef er
t i
lit
yr i
tesof
theBab ylonianandPhoeni c i
anr eli
gionswer ewidelypr acticed-s omet i
mesb yHeb rews
themselv es.Norwher et heOly mpiangodsknownf ort heirc hastit
y .Thet emp l
eofAp hrodi
teat
Corinthut i
li
zeds ervicesofhund redsoftemp leprostitutes.TheRomanb rothelswer e
notorious ,thewor df ornicationd eri
vingfromf ornix,t hear chorv aultofund erground
brothels.Agai nstpaganp ermissiveness,theear l
yChr istianss oughtt oes tabli
shac od eof
sexualp ur i
ty.Mat thewAr nol
dr egar d
edchas ti
tyandc harityast hed isti
ngui shi
ngmar ksof
EarlyChr isti
anity .
Paul,inhislet t
erst othec hurchesthroughoutt heHellenis
ticwor l
d ,invei
ghedagai nstsexual
transgressions:Ther eforeGodgav e[thep aganidolators]upinthel ustsoftheirheartst o
impur i
ty,tot hedishonoringoft hebodies...Nowt hewor ksofthef lesharep l
ain:immorali
ty,
impur i
ty,l
icent i
ousnes s
...Buti mmoralit
yandal limpurityorcovet ousnessmus tnotev enb e
namedamongy ou...Putt od eaththereforewhati sear thl
yinyou:i mmor al
ity,impurity,
passion,evildesire...Forthisisthewi l
lofGod ,yours ancti
fi
cation,t hatyouab s
tainfrom
immor al
ity;thateac honeofy ouknowhowt ot akeawi feforhims elfinholinessandhonor ...
ForPaul,t
hes uppressi
onofl us
twasanes sentialpartoft heChrist
iant askt
ocastoffthe
“ol
dman”andgr owingr aceasac hildofGod .Thesinfulbod y,c
rucif
iedwi t
hChri
st,istobe
repl
acedbyas anctif
ieds p
iri
t,inc
r easingl
yChr ist
-like,atp eacewithits
elfandwithGod.Onl
y
whent hespi
rittri
ump hsoverthef leshcant heindividual
ent erthekingdomofGod.
Premari
tals
exisaconsp
icuousexamp
leofthetr
iumphoft
hefles
hoverthespi
ri
t.Toengage
initi
stoindul
geourear
thlypassi
oni
nsteadofs
eeki
ngourtr
anscend
entglor
y.Iti
stoaccept
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
ourbondagetoourbod
ilyp
assi
onsinst
eadofl
ivi
ngf r
eel
yinthespi
ri
t.Apers
onwhoengages
ini
ll
ici
tsexcannotb
et heves
seloftheHol
ySpi
rit.Heorshehasembr
acedt
heworl
dintime
anddeath.
TheCat holictradit
ionhasc onsis
tentlyvieweds ame-sexs exualac tsasthemos ts eri
ousofthe
sexualvicesagai nstnatur e,buthasal soinc l
udedc ontracepti
onandmas tur b
at ionint he
category.I tmights eemp uzzli
ngt ochar ac ter i
zehomos exualac ts,masturbation,and
contracept i
onb ymar ri
edc ouplesass i
milart ypesofs ins,yett hatconnectionp ointstowhati s
atstakef orCat holicmoral i
sts:Impedingt hep roc r
eativepurpos eofsexualac tst hei
r
justi
fic
at ion.Thushomos exualac ts,mas t ur bation,andmar i
tals exualactsthatus e
contracept i
onar eallil
li
citb ec
aus etheyi nt erfer ewiththep rocreativ
ep otentialandp ur
pos
e
ofsex.
HumanaeVi
taeout
li
nest
hisr
enewed
,int
egr
alv
isi
onofmar
riageandc
onj
ugal
lov
ethr
ough
fourc haracter is
t i
c“ mar ksandd emand sofc onjugallov e.”Thes ear et hatt hel oveis(1)f ully
human-i tisoft hes ens eandt hes pir
it,c omb ini
ngi ns ti
nctanss entimentwi thanac toft he
freewi ll
;(2)t otal-ac omp let es haringwi t hout“ und uer eser vationors el
fishc alc
ulations” ;(3)
faithfulandexc l
usiveunt ild eat h;and( 4)f ec und,int hat“ i
ti snotexhaus tedb ythe
communi onb et weenhus b
andandwi fe,b utiti sdest i
nedt oc ontinue,r ai si
ngupnewl i
ves .”
Fecund it
yisoneamongs ev er alot hermar ksofc onjugal l
ovet hatonl ymakess ensewheni ti s
integratedwi tht het ot al,human,f aithful love.Ther ei sthusas hi f
tf r omahi erarchyt hat
givest heprocr eativeendp rimac yt oav isionofc omp l
ement arityt hati sc harac teri
zedb yt he
l
anguageoft hei nsep erab i
lityoft heuni tiveandp rocr eativ
eend sofmar ri
age.Ther eisar i
ch
andi nteresti
nghi stor yoft hiss hift;b utf orourp urp oses,t hisshifts er vest omar kanot her
wayi nwhi cht heef fec toft hec ont racep t
iond ebater eallyext end edb ey ondcont racept i
on.
5.Deat h( suicideandeut hanasia)
a.Thet erms uicidedes cr
ibestheac toft akingone' sownl i
fe. Ther ear evariouskindsof
sui
c i
de,s oourf ir
stt askist oclari
fyourus eoft heter m. Wi thi
nt hisar ti
cle,wear e
referringt os uici
deint hec onventionalsense,inwhi c hsomeonep lansoutorac tsup on
sel
f-des t ructiv ethought sandf eel
ings,of t
enwhi l
et heyar eexperiencingov erwhelming
str
es s.“ As si
st eds ui
cide”occurswhenap hysic
ianhel psat erminall
yi l
lper s
ont odie,avoid
ing
animmi nent ,inevitableandp otentiall
ypainf uldecl
ine. Ourc urrentd i
sc ussi
onofs uici
dedoes
notad dr essas s i
steds uici
de.

Theintentofs uicid
alb ehav ior,whet herc onsci
ouslyorunc ons cious l
ymot ivat ed,ist o
permanent lyendone' sli
f e. Tr ulys uici
d alacts(or,ast heyar es omet imesc all
ed ,"gestures
")
needt ob edistinguishedf r
omot hers elf-harming,s elf-i
nj urious ,orp ar asui cid
alac t sand
gestureswhi char eal sod eli
ber ate,b utnoti ntendedt oc aus ed eat h. Ty picals elf-injuri
ous
actsincludec uttingorb urningones elf. Thei ntent i
onb ehindt hes eb ehav iorsi stoc ause
int
ens es ensation,p ainandd amage,b utnott oendone' slife. Sel f-inj uriousb ehav i
orsmay
l
eadt oac cidentalsui ci
dei ft heyar et akent oofar ,butt heiri nitialintentandgoal ar enot
sui
cidal.(REISS,N.S.,PH.D,&DOMBECK,M. ,PH.D.(
2007,October24).DefiningSuicide.Ret r
ievedJune12,
2018,f
romht
tps
://
www.
ment
alhel
p.net
/ar
tic
les
/def
ini
ng-s
uic
ide/
)

b.Chri
sti
anit
y ,b
ornatapl
aceandtimeinwhichsui
ci
dewasc ommonlyacc
eptedasan
honor
abledepartur
efroml
if
e,earl
yp l
acedi
tselfi
noppos
iti
ont otheprac
tic
e.
Thecommandment“Thous haltnotkil
l”wasinterpret
edcategoric
all
y.Whil
eexcepti
onswer e
madeforwarfareandthead minist
rationofjustic
e,bothl
egiti
mat efunc
tionsofdulyordai
ned
gover
nments
,nonewasmad einthecas eofki
ll
ingonesel
f.Suic
ideishomici
de,murder.
Nowherei
ntheBi b
lei
st herep rec
eptorp ermi
ssiontotakeone’sli
fe.Jus
tasChr i
stiansareto
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
uphol
dandr es
pectt
heli
feofothers,theyaretoupholdandrespectthei
rown.Alt
houghour
l
ifeis“giv
en”tousbyGod,weareGod’screatur
esands ti
llb
elongtohim.“Henc
ewhoever
takeshisownli
fesi
nsagains
tGod,evenashewhoki l
lsanother’ss
lav
es i
nsagains
tthei
r
sl
ave’smaster
.”
CHURCH’
SRESPONSE
Therewoul ds eemt ob es omeexc ept i
onst ot heChr ist
ians tanc eagai nsts uicid
e:TheOl d
Testamenther o,Sams on,p ul
ledd ownt heb uildi
ng,ki l
li
nghi ms elfalongwi thhisenemi es .But
Sams on,s ay sAugus ti
ne,wasj ustifiedont hegr ound“ t
hatt heSp i
r i
twhowr oughtwond er
sb y
himhadgi venhi ms ecreti nstruct i
onst od ot his.”Per hapst hehol ywomenwhot hrew
thems elvesi ntother ivert oav oidr avishmentd uringt hep ersec uti
ons ,andar et oday
vener atedasmar ty rs,ar ealsoexc ep ti
ons .Per haps ,theyt oower e“ promp tedb yd i
vine
wisdom” ;Augus t
ined oesnotknow.Ab raham,whenhewentt oki l
lIsaac ,wasp repar edt o
viol
atet hei njunc t
ionsagai nstp rivateexec ution( moreov erofani nnoc entp ers on),b uthe
certainlywasr espond ingt oad i
rector d erf romGod .Thes ecas es,indeed ,ar ever yexc ep ti
onal.
“He,t hen,whoknowst hatitisunl awf ul toki l
lhims el
f,maynev erthelessd os oifor d er edb y
Himwhos ec ommand swemaynotnegl ect .Onl ylethi mb ev erys uret hatt hed ivi
nec ommandhas
beens ignified.”Jes usc ons i
stentlyur gedhi sf oll
ower st of l
eep ers
ec utiont op reser vet heir
l
ivesnev eronc ead vis
ingt hemt o“ l
ayv iol enthand sup ont hems elves.”Thememb ersoft heJim
Jonesc ultinGuy anawhot ookt heirl i
veswer ep robab l
yd ecei
v ed-b ythei rownf eelingsandb y
themons trousmanwhogav et heor ders .
Augus tine,whohadav ividconcepti
onoft hedangers,t ri
als
,andt emp tat i
onsofhuman
exis
t enc e,i
nv ei
ghedagai nstsuici
de.Christianwomenwhohav eb eenr ap edbybarbar i
ans
shouldnotc ommi ts ui
c ide,forthes i
nwasnott heirs
.Andev enift heyd ids i
nbyas senti
ngin
somes enset otheac t,s uic
idewouldb ewr ong.Forher e,asinallc as esofmor aldi
s grace
(i
nclud ingthatofJud as) ,s
uici
dep recl
udest heopport uni
tyt orep ent .Thos ewhoc ommi t
suic
id ef orfeart hatt heywi l
ldoani mmor ali
tyhavef ooli
shl
yc hosenac er tai
nsinov eran
uncer tainsin.Thep agansmi st
akenlyext olthepurityofLuc reti
a,t henob lematronofanc i
ent
Romewhod es tr
oy edher sel
faf terhavingb eenrapedb yKingTar quin’ ss on.Herac t“was
promp tednotb yloveofp uri
ty,butb ytheov erwhel
mi ngburd enofhers hame. ”
Chr i
st iansmayexp ec tmanyt r
ib ulationsi nt hi
s“ valeoft ear s”t hr oughwhi cht heymus tpass.
Ifs omear erelat i
v elyf or tunatei nt hislife,theyneedonl yl ookatt hemi sfortunesofot her s
nowandi nt imesp as t-orr eadt heac c
ountofJobi nt heOldTes tament .Ther ecourseoft he
Chr i
st iani snott ot akehi sorherl i
feb utt ocallonGodf orhel pd ur ingt imesofd is
tress.God
doesnoti nfli
ctany t hingonust hatwec annot ,withGod ’
shel p,b ear .Miser ymayb ethe
occas ionf orac loseruni onwi thGod .Andt hereist heul ti
mat econs olati
ont hatwear e
memb er sofahi gherr eal mt hant he“ earthlyc i
ty”:Web elongt ot he“ ci
tyofGod ,”wheret here
isinfini teandev er last i
ngp eace.Oneoft hegr eatChr i
stianv irtuesi shop e.Paulwr ote:“we
knowt hatt hewhol ec reat i
onhasb eengr oaningi ntr availtoget herunt ilnow;andnotonl yt he
creat ion,b utweour selv es,whohav et hef irstfruitsoft heSp irit,gr oani nwar dlyaswewai t
forad optionsass ons ,t her edemp t i
onofourb odi
es.Fori nt hishop ewear es aved.Nowhop e
thati ss eeni snothop e.Forwhohop esf orwhathes ees?Buti fwehop ef orwhatwed onot
see,wewai tfori twi thp ati
enc e.”I ti sthr oughhop et hatanot hergr eatv i
rtuei ssustai
ned :
fort i
tud e.
M
I WhatDoesI
tMeant
oBeHuman? 
(20mi
nut
es)
S
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
S 1.Wri
tethewor
ds"
HUMAN"and"
RIGHTS"att
hetopofc
hartp
aperorab
lac
kboar
d.Bel
owt
he
I word"
human"dr
awaci
rcl
eortheout
li
neofahumanbei
ng.
O
N Askstudent
stob rai
nstormwhatqual
iti
esdefi
neahumanbei
ngandwr
itet
hewor
dsors
ymb
ols
A i
nsid
et heoutl
ine.Forexampl
e,"i
ntel
li
genc
e,""sy
mpathy
."
R
2.Nextaskstudentswhattheyt hi
nkisneed edinordertopr
otec
t,enhance,andf
ull
ydevelop
Y
thes
equaliti
esofahumanb eing.Listthei
rans wersoutsi
detheci
rcl
e,andaskparti
ci
pantsto
R
expl
ainthem.Forexample,"
education,
"" f
riendshi
p,""l
ovi
ngfami
ly.
"
E
S 3.Di
scus
s:
P
O  Whatdoesitmeant
obef
ull
yhuman?Howi
sthatd
iff
erentf
romj
ust"
bei
ngal
ive"or
N "s
urvi
ving"
?
S
E  Bas
edont
hisl
is
t,whatd
opeop
leneedt
oli
vei
ndi
gni
ty? 

 Ar
eal
lhumanb
eingses
sent
ial
lyequal
?Whati
sthev
alueofhumand
iff
erenc
es?

 Cananyofour"ess
enti
al"humanqual
iti
esb etakenf
r omus?Forexampl
e,onl
yhuman
beingscanc
ommunic
atewithcompl
exlanguage;areyouhumanifyoulos
ethepowerof
speech?

 Whathapp
enswhenaper
sonorgov
ernmentat
temp
tst
odep
riv
esomeoneofs
omet
hing
thati
sneces
sar
ytohumandi
gni
ty?

 Whatwoul
dhap
peni
fyouhadt
ogi
veuponeoft
hes
ehumannec
ess
iti
es?

4.Expl
ainthatevery
thinginsid
et hecir
clerelat
estohumandi
gnit
y,thewhol
enes
sofb
eing
human.Everythi
ngwr i
ttenaroundt heoutli
nerepr
esent
swhatisnec
essaryt
ohumandi
gni
ty.
Humanr i
ghtsarebasedont hesenecessi
ties.

Readthesesentencesfr
omt heUnivers
al Dec
lar
at i
onofHumanRights(UDHR)andexpl
aint
hat
thisd
ocuments et
st hes
tandardforhowhumanb ei
ngsshoul
dbehavetowardsoneanot
herso
thatever
yone’shumandigni
tyisrespected:

…recogni
ti
onoft hei
nher
entdigni
tyandoft heequalandinali
enabl
er i
ghtsofal
l
membersofthehumanfamil
yisthefoundat
ionoft hefreedom,just
ice,andpeac
eint
he
worl
d…

Preamble
Univer
salDec
lar
ati
onofHumanRi
ght
s

Allhumanbei
ngsarebor
nfreeandequali
ndignit
yandright
s.Theyareendowedwith
reasonandcons
cienc
eands
houldacttowardsoneanot
herinas pi
ri
tofbrother
hood.

Art
icl
e1
Uni
versal
Dec
lar
ati
onofHumanRi
ght
s

ht
tp:
//hr
li
brar
y.umn.
edu/
edumat
/hr
edus
eri
es/
her
eand
now/
Par
t-3/
Act
ivi
ty1.
htm
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
B.ONFAMI
LY

C Inthef amily,whic
hi sacommunityofp ers
ons,speci
alattentionmustbed ev
ot edtothe
O chi
ldr
en,b yd evel
opingaprofoundesteemf orthei
rper s
onaldigni
ty,andagr eatrespectand
N generousc oncernfortheirr
ights.Thi
si strueforeverychil
d,butitbecomesmor eurgentthe
T small
ert hec hi
ldi
s,andthemor eitisinneedofev er
y t
hing,whenitissi
c k,s
uf fer
ingor
E handi
cap ped.
X
Byfosteri
ngandexer ci
singat enderandstrongc oncer nf
orev erychil
dthatc omesintothi
s
T
worl
d,theChur chful
fil
lsaf undamentalmi
ssion:fors heiscal
ledup ontor ev
ealandp ut
for
war danewi nhi
storyt heexampleandcommand mentofChris tthelord
,whop l
acedthechi
ld
atthehear toftheKingdomofGod :“Letthec hi
ldrenc ometome,andd onothinderthem;for
tosuchbelongsthekingdomofheav en.”
… Iwi sht oexp resst hej oyt hatweal lfindi nchi
ldren,thes pri
ngt i
meofl i
fe,andt he
ant i
cipationoft hefut urehis toryofeac hofp resentear thlyhomel ands
.Noc ountryonear t
h,
nop oli
ticals y
s temc ant hinkofi t
sownf ut ureother wisethant hroughthei mageoft hesenew
gener ationst hatwi llr eceivef romt heirp arentsthemani f oldheritageofv alues,duti
esand
as p
irationsoft henat iont owhi chtheyb elongandoft hewhol ehumanf amily.Concernforthe
child
,ev enb ef oreb i
rt h,f romt hef i
r s
tmomentofc onceptionandt henthroughoutt heyearsof
infancyandy out h,ist hep ri
mar yandf und amentalt estoft her el
at i
ons
hipofonehumanb ei
ng
toanot her .Ands o,whatb etterwi shcanIexp ressf orever ynat i
onandf ort hewhol eof
manki nd,andf ort hec hildrenoft hewor ldt hanab et t
erf uturei nwhichres pectforhuman
rightswi llbecomeac omp leter eali
tyt hroughoutt het hirdmi ll
ennium,whichi sdrawingnear.
Accep t
anc e,l
ove,esteem,many -si
dedanduni tedmat eri
al,emot ional,ed ucationalands pi
rit
ual
concernf oreverychildthatc omesint othiswor lds houl
dal waysc onst i
tut ead isti
nctive,
essentialcharacteri
sticofal lChri
stianinp articularoft heChr istianf amily:thusc hi
ldren,
whiletheygr ow“ i
nwi sdomandi ns t
at ureandi nf avorwithGodandman’ ’
’of f
ert heirown
preciouscontributi
ont obuildingupt hefami l
yc ommuni tyandev ent ot hes anc t
ifi
cationof
theirparent s
.(Sour
ce:PopeJohnPaulI
I.( .Fami
2005) l
iari
sConsorti
o:Apostol
icExhortat
ionofPopeJohnPaul
I
Iont
heRol
eoft
heChr
ist
ianFami
lyi
ntheModer
nWor
ld.Pas
ayCi
ty:Paul
inesPub
lis
hingHous
eDaught
ersofSt
.
Paul
)

I 1.responsibl
epar ent hood/familyplanning
N Parenthoodist hes t
at eofb ei
ngap arent.Tradi
tionall
y,itmeansbeingaf atherormotherof
S theb i
ologi
calchild
.Whenad optionisinv ol
ved,thep arent
saret helegalfatherormother
P (coupl
e)oft hec hi
ld.Par ent
ingi sdefinedastheskills
,experi
ences,abil
it
ies,and
I responsibi
li
tiesinvol
vedi nrearinganded ucat
ingac hil
d.
R
Resp onsibl
ep ar ent hoodi st hewillandab i
lit
yt or espondt otheneed sandas pirati
onsoft he
E
familyandc hil
dr en.I ti sas haredr esponsib
ili
tyb etweenhus bandandwi fet od etermineand
D
achievet hed esir ednumb erands pacingoft heirc hildrenac c
or d ingt ot heirownf amil
y ,l
ife
aspi
r ations ,t akingi nt oac countp sychol
ogical prep ared ness,heal ths tatus ,soc i
o-cul
t ural,and
economi cc onc er ns( PPMPDP2005-2010) . Res pons ibl
ep arent ing( RP)i sd efinedast hes eries
W
ofdec isi
onsc oup lesmaket oensuret hebestp os siblelifef ort hef amilyandf ort hecommuni ty
O
towhi cht hef ami lyb elongs.RPi sac ommitmentt oens ur ethewel l-beingoft hef ami
lyandt o
R
enab l
eeac hmemb ert of ull
yd ev
elophi s/
herc ap ab i
liti
esandp ot ent i
als.
D
S Inthec ont extofanyr eli
gion,Res ponsi
blePar ent ingi sd efi
nedast heab ili
tyoft heparent sto
& rais
ec hil
dreni nt heFi l
ipinowayandt osati
s fyt hes oc i
al,ec onomi candr eli
gious
C respons i
bilitiesoft hef amily.I ti salsothep ar ent ’
sac count ab il
ityt op rovi
d eagoodqual ity
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
H ofli
fe,bot
hmat er
ialandsp
iri
tualtot
hei
rfami
ly,c
hil
dren,andcommuni
ty.Res
pons
ibl
e
U parenti
ngals
oincl
udestheproces
sofdec
idi
nghowmanyc hi
ldr
entohaveandwhentohav
e
R them.
C
a.Dut
iesandRes
pons
ibi
li
tiesofPar
ent
s
H
’ Parentingi nvolvest heabil
iti
es,skil
ls,resp onsibil
iti
es,d utiesandlif
eexp eriencesinat tendi
ng
S toandp rov idi
ngf ort hephysical
,emot ional,int el
lect
ual ,financi
al,ands piritualneedsoft he
chil
dren. Par entingal s
oincludesthei nculcationofv aluesandt hei ns t
il
lingofd isc
ipli
ne.I t
entail
sal otofhar dwor kandgr eatr espons i
biliti
es;not i
me-out,nov acationors ic
kl i
ve.I t
T
takes24/ 7i nfulfil
lingparentingroles.Thus ,p arentsf aceal otofc hall
enges .Onceap arent,
E
alwaysap arent .
A
C b.ProvisionofPhys icalCareandLov e
H
 Thep hy sical,emot i
onalandment alhealthofc hi
ldrend ependsont hequal i
tyofp renatal
I
c
aret heyr eceive.
N
G  Thed ut yandr esponsib
ili
tystartsd uringt hep renat alstage.
S
c.Inculcat i
ngDi scipli
ne
 Par
ent
sshoul
dber
olemod
elsi
ninc
ulc
ati
ngd
isc
ipl
inei
nthei
rchi
ldr
en.
 Chi
ldr
ens
houldbet
rainedtot
hinkandr
eas
onoutf
ort
hems
elv
esandb
eab
let
odi
sti
ngui
sh
bet
weenri
ghtandwrong.
 Theyshoul
dlearntoacceptl
imi
tat
ions,toapp
reci
atetheval
ueoff r
eedomwith
resp
onsibi
li
tyandunder
s t
andtherequi
rementsofl
ivi
nghappi
lyandpeacef
ull
ywit
hot
her
peopl
e.
d
.Dev
elopi
ngSoc
ialCompet
enc
e
 Soci
all
ycompetentchi
ldr
enc hil
drenaredescr
ibedasfri
endl
y,happ
y,sel
f-conf
ident,
res
ponsib
le,i
maginati
ve,alertandenerget
ic.Thesec
hil
drenhavegoodcommunicat
ion
ski
ll
sandahighemot i
onalquotient(
EQ).
 Socialcompet
encecanonlybeachi
evedi
fchil
drenhav
eahighs
elf-esteem.Thisi
s
develop
edb yal
lowi
ngthemt odothi
ngsonthei
rown,tot
hinkforthems el
vesandtomake
age-app r
opri
atedeci
sions
.
2.Caref ort heel der l
y
Popul
ationagei nghass i
gnific
ants ocialandec onomicimp li
cat ionsatt heind i
vid
ual,f ami
ly,and
soci
etallevels.Ital s
ohasi mp ortantc ons equencesandop port unitiesf orac ountry ’
s
devel
opment .Alt hought hep er centageofol derpersonsi scur rentlymuc hhigherind eveloped
countri
es ,thep ac eofp opulationagei ngi smuc hmor erap i
di nd evel op
ingc ountr i
esandt heir
transi
tionf romay oungt oanol dages tructurewilloc c
urov eras horterp eriod.Notonlyd o
devel
opingc ount rieshav elesst imet oad justt oagr owingp op ulationofol derp ersons,they
areatmuc hlowerl evel
sofec onomi cdevelopmentandwi llexp erienc egr eaterchallengesin
meetingt heneed soft heincreas ingnumb ersofolderp eople.

Financials ecuri
tyisoneoft hemaj orconcernsasp eopleage.I tisani s
suef orb
ot holder
personsandagr owingc hal
lengef orfamili
esandsoc iet
ies.Populati
onagei ngisraisi
ng
concernsab outtheab i
lityofc ountri
est oprov
idead equatesoc i
alpr otectionands oci
al
securityf ort hegrowingnumb ersofolderpersons
.I nmanyc ountries ,theexpectationisthat
thef amilywi l
ltakec areofi t
sec onomicall
ydependentol d
ermemb ers .Whilesomef amil
ies
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
supp
ortthei
rol
derrelati
ves,ot
hersarenotinafi
nanci
alpos
iti
ontodosoi
nawaythatdoes
notaff
ectthei
rownec onomics
ituat
ion.Ol
derp
ersonswhodonothav
efami
lyt
osup
p or
tt hem
areesp
ecial
l
yvulner
able.

Infor mals up ports ystemsf orol d erp ers onsar eincreas inglycomi ngund ers tres s,asa
cons equenc e,amongot hers,ofl owerf er til
ity,out-migr at i
onoft hey oung,andwomen
wor kingout si
d et hehome.Ther ei sani nc reasingc onsens ust hatc ount riesmus td evel
ops oci
al
prot ections ystemst hatc ov eratl eas tt heb asicneed sofal lolderp ers ons.Ens uringas ecure
incomei noldagei sseenasamaj orc hallengef orgover nment sf acingf iscalp roblemsand
comp etingp ri
or i
t i
es.Somec ount riesar ei ncreasinglywor ri
edwhet hert heywi llbeab l
et opay
forp ens ionsandwhet hert heywi llultimat elyb eabletop reventar is
eofp ov ert yinoldage,
part ic
ular l
yi nc ountr i
eswher et hemaj orityofol derp ersonsar eemp loyedi nt hei nformal
sector .Whi lemanyd ev elopedc ount riesands omeemer gi ngec onomi esar ec hallengedwi than
ageingwor kforc eandens ur i
ngt hes ust ai
nab il
ityofp ens ionsyst ems,mos td evelop i
ng
count rieshav et oestab li
sht heirs y s
t emsnowwhent hec hall
engei sles sac uteandwhent he
fis
c alsp aceav ailablef orsoc ialp oliciesi sincreas i
ngasac onsequenc eoft he“ d emogr aphic
divi
d end ”.

Healthisanot hermaj orc oncernf orol derp ersons.Thed emogr aphi ct r

ans itiont oanagei ng
populati
on,ac comp aniedb yanep idemi ologicaltrans it ionf r
omt hep redomi nanc eofi nfectious
dis
eas est ononc ommuni cab lediseas es ,isas s
oc i
at edwi thani ncreas i
ngd emandf orheal thc ar
e
andlong-t ermc are.Al thoughnotani nev it
ableout c omeofgr owingol d,t henumb ersofol der
peopleaff ectedb yment alheal t hpr ob l
emsar einc reas ingd uet op op ul
ationagei ng.Their
managementhasb ecomeani ncreas ingc oncernf orb ot hd evelopi
ngandd ev elop edc ountries.
Maintaininggoodheal thandac cesst oheal thcar ei sac orec oncer nofol derp eop le
everywher e.I nmanyd ev elopedc ount r iesqualityofc ar eandr i
singheal t hc arec ostsare
majori ss
uesr elatedt op opulationagei ng.Manyd ev elop ingc ountr i
esar ec hallengedb ya
doublecos tbur den:t hec ostsr elatedt oi nfecti
ousd is eas esmays til
lb ehighwhi lepop ul
ation
ageingandt her isi
ngnumb erofnon-c ommuni cabled is eas esar ep utt i
ngad d itional pressureon
resource-s t
r ainedheal t h-c ares ystems .

Poorc ond itionsear lieri nlifep l

ac eold erp eop l
eatr i
skofs eri
ousheal thp roblemsand
adv er selyaf fec tt hei rheal thandv itality.Theund erstandingt hatt hel ivingenv ironment ,
wor kingc ond itions ,nut ri
tionandl if
es t y
lec hoic esiny oungery ear si nfluenc eourheal thin
olderages houldb eakeyi ngr ed i
entf orp olici
esandp rogramswi t hani ntergener at i
onalf ocus.
Asp opul ationsage,i ti scritical thatheal ths ys temsandt het rainingofheal thp r
of essionalsat
alllev elsar ead just edt omeett he r equi rement sofol derpeop l
e,andt hatagei ngi s
recogni zedwi thind iagnos ti
c ,c urat i
veandr ehab i
li
tativec ar
ep r
ogr amswi thint hef ormal
heal ths y stem,es pec iallyatp rimar yandc ommuni tylevel. Ens ur i
ngenab li
ngands up portiv
e
env ironment sasp eop legr owol deri sas ignificantc hallenge,sot hatol derp er sonsc anage
activ elyandp articip atei nt hep ol
it i
cal ,social,ec onomi candcul turall ifeofs oc iety.Thi smeans
thatl i
v i
ngar rangement s,inc ludinghous ingandt rans portat
ionar eage-f riend ly,t oens ure
olderp er sonsc an“ agei np l
ac e”andr emai ni ndep endentf orasl ongasp os s
ible. Ol der
pers ons ,whof i
ndt hems elvesi nc onf licts i
tuat ions,nat uraldisas ter s–i nclud i
ngt hose
resul tingf romc l
imat ec hange–andot herhumani tari
anemer genc ies ,arep ar ticular l
y
vulner able.Wheny oungergener ationsmi gr atet oc iti
esorab road ,ol derp er sonsar eof tenleft
behi ndwi thoutt rad itionalf ami lys upp ort.

3.Div
orce/ExtraMar i
talAffairs
Div
orceisthedi
s s
oluti
onofmar i
talrel
at i
ons;i
nthisprocessmarr
iageiscomp
letel
ybroken
downeit
herins oci
alorlegalcontext.TheBlackDi
ctionaryoflawhasdefi
neddiv
orceas"the
l
egalseparat
ionofhusbandandwi feaffectedbyt
hej udgmentofdecreeofacourtandeither
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
totallydi
ssolvi
ngt hemar r
iedrel
ationsors us
pendingitseffectsofarasconcernthe
comb i
nationoft hepractic
es.Div
orc eesarefreetor emarryafterdi
vorc
ewher eassepar
ati
on
maynotal l
owit.Divorceisnothi
ngandi ncommons ensesi
tistakeneasi
lysomewhereinwhi
ch
ac oupleendstheirmar i
talrel
ati
onsands tartstor emarry,butitmaycreatesomevit
al
problemsint hefamily
,likeadj
ustingt onewlife.
Simil
ar ly,thes i
tuat ionofc hil
dr enaf terthed ivor ceoft heirp arent swoul df ac et roub les,
dist
ur banc esandc hal lenges .Theywoul dbement allyt or t
ur ed ,Pr ob l
emofr ar ingandc aringof
thec hil
d renmayar ised uet ot heab s entoft heirp ar ent s,evenast hed ivorc eemayb ement al
ly
dist
ur bed .Remar riageoft hed ivor c
edf emalei sv eryd iff
icultd uet os oc i
alandc ultur al
practices .Howev er,t her ear ed i
ffer entcasesofd ivor ces eeni neac handev er ys ocietyei ther
indev elopedori nund erd eveloped ,sec ul
arornon-s ec ularandi nd i
f ferentc as teandet hnic
group s.Butt hisist ruet hatt her atioofd i
vor cef oundi nmod er ns oc i
etyi shi ghert han
previousone.Sec ulars oc i
et i
esar emor etolerantandmor eop enf orad ivor cewoman." The
youngergener at i
oni si nc reasinglyi gnorantoft her itualisti
cb as i
soft heirr eligion.Duet ot he
soci
al andc ul
turalc omp l
exi ti
es ,mob ili
tyforj ob,imp actofs ec ularis m,gl obal imp ac tof
capitali
s m,emer gingl egalgr ound s,ofi ndustriali
zat ionandur bani zation,c hangi ngat titud es
ont raditionalnor msandv alues ystemi scaus i
ngd i
s i
nt egr ationofmar italr elat ions .Ther ef ore
developedandmod erns oc i
et i
eshav emor efer til
egr ound sf ord ivorce.(Soc i
ological Analysi
sof
Di
vor
ce:ACas
eSt
udyf
romPokhar
a,Nep
al.ht
tps
://
www.
nep
jol
.i
nfo/
ind
ex.
php
/DSAJ/
art
icl
e/d
ownl
oad
/284/
274)

4.Fami l
yGap s
Parentingi sthemos tinfluent i
al f
ac tortoac hi
ld’sgrowthanddevelopmentt hereforav ery
importantas pectofap erson’stot ali
tyinrelati
ont ohis/heri
ntrapersonalandi nterpers
onal
rel
ations hip.Parenti
ngs tyleisd efined asov erallcl
imateofparentchildinteractions.Itisa
wayofel evatingtheov erallwell
-b eingofac hil
dt obeabletodealwithf ut
ures t r
ugglesof
l
ife.Thec onstructofp ar
ent ings tyleisusedtoc apturenormalvari
ationsinp arent s
’attempts
tocont rolands ocial
izewitht heirc hil
dren.
Parent ings tylecapturest woimpor tantelementsofp arent i
ng:p arentalr esponsi
venes sand
parent ald emandingness.Par ent
al res p
ons i
veness(al
sor efer redt oasp arent alwar mthor
suppor tiv
enes s)referst o“ t
heext entt owhi c
hp ar
entsi ntent ionall
yf osterind i
vidual
ity,
self
-r egul ati
on,ands elf-asserti
onb ybeingattuned,sup p
or tive,andac quiescentt ochil
dren’
s
specialneed sandd emand s”.Parent aldemand i
ngness(alsor efer redtoasb ehav i
oralcontrol)
referst o“ t
hec l
aimsp arentsmakeonc hil
drentobecomei nt egr atedintot hef amil
ywhol e,by
theirmat uritydemands ,supervi
sion,d isc
ipl
inaryeffortsandwi l
li
ngnes stoc onfrontt hei
rc hi
ld
whod isobey s”.
Parent sar emor eanxi ousasc omp aredt oot hergener ations.“ …ev erythingisont hei nt ernet,
soallki ndsofwor riesar eac t
ual l
yp ublisheds oIt hinkt hemi ll
enni alp arentsar emor eanxi ous
nowc omp ar edtothep arentsoft hel astgener ati
ons ”ass aidb ythes econdmi l
lennial
respond ent .Theyt endt obever yp rotect i
veb ecaus eallkindsofi nf ormationar ever yeas il
y
acces sedt hr oughthenetwhi char enot .Also,mill
enni alp arent sfindi td i
ffi
cultt ob alance
theirt imeb etweenwor ksandt oal way sat tendt ot heirchildren’sneed s.Witht heav ailabi
lity
andinc linat ionofgad get sl
ikep hone,t ab l
etsandp ersonalc omp ut er s
/ l
aptops,p arentingt ends
tobemed iat edorsubs ti
t ut
edb yt echnol ogi
c alusewhi chc reat est hep rogressionofv irtual
parent ing.Bei ngtoop reoccupiedwi tht echnologymakest hec hildt ob eimpatientand
dis
tr act ed.

CHURCH’
SRESPONSE
Neverthel
ess,i
tcannotbed eni
edt
hatp
arentshav
ealwaystri
edtoinfl
uencethehuman
‘
quali
ty’ofthei
rchil
dren.Thewhol
enur
turi
ngandeducat
ionalpr
ocessi
sd i
rec
tedtowards
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
‘
f ormi ng’theirc hi
ldren-andt hisinc ludesr eligiousup -bri
ngingaswel l.Henc e,i
nas enseitis
ver ynat uralandv erygoodf orp ar ent stowantt heb estfort heirc hi
ldren.Howev er ,ther
eisa
ver yd el
icatelineb etween‘ want ingt hebes t’and‘ determiningt heb est’.Becauset heirchi
ldr
en
ar ehumanp er sonsi nt heirownr ight ,the‘b es t’wouldseemt oinc ludes afeguardi
ngandev en
incr easingtheirc hildr
en’ sc ap acityf ors elf-d etermination.Mani pulationisad ominat i
ve
exer c
iseofp owerb yp ar entsov ert heirc hil
d renai med,albeitunc onsciouslyperhap s,at
det erminingt heirc hil
dr en’sid entityasp ers ons .
Ift hed i
minut i
onoft hec apacit yf ors el
f-d eterminat ioni ss eenasav i
olati
onofap erson’
s
dignityint hes ocialanded ucat ional fiel
d,t hes amemus tsur elyb etruewi thr egar dto
mod ifi
cationsinap er s
on’ smake-upt hati tmightb ep os siblet ob ringab outt houghgenet i
c
ther apyandengi neer ing.Tr ulyhumant her apyisd irec tedt owar dsenab l
ingap ersont oliv
eas
fullyasp ossibl
easani ndividualmemb erofhumanki nd .Henc e,its eekst ocur eorev en
eliminatep athologic alf actorswhi chdiminishap erson’ sop t ionsi nl i
fe.Howev er ,ifgenet i
c
ther apywer eus edt oexagger at ec ertainhumant rait s( e.g.t allnessf orathlet i
cors porting
prowes s,intell
igenc et hrough‘ Nob elPr i
zequal ity’br eed ing,et c.),thel i
kelyout comewoul db e
thatap ersonwoul db et othatext ent‘ d
istanc ed’fromhi sorherf el
lowhumanb eings.That
woul dhav eamaj ori mp ac tond et erminings uchasap er son’s‘ originali
ty’.Tot hatext enthi sor
heruni quenes sasap er sonwoul db edeliberatelyd eter minedb yot herp eople.Is ugges tthat
woul dcons ti
tut eav iol
at ionofamos ts acredd imens ionofourb eingahumanp erson.Thes ame
kindofc ons i
der ationwoul dputal argeques t
ionmar kagai ns tp arent schoosingt hes exof
theirc hi
ldren,i fgenet icengi neer i
ngev ermad et hisap ossib il
ityf orhumans .
M SetaFami
lyBond
ingt
hroughaPi
cni
c
I
S
S Enjoyanexc ur s
ionont hewat erfoll
owedbyap i
cni
c.Manyr ecr
eationalandout doorpl
acesare
I avail
ablefory ourfamilyb onding.Packalunchandsetoutonanad vent uretoanear byisl
and,
O beach,orp ark,oralongt heb anksofanear byri
ver.Maket hisfamil
yb ondingat i
met oshare
N ours t
ories,dinetogether ,giggle,pl
aygames,swimtogetherorp artyt ogether.It'
san
A opportunit
yt oenjoyb eingt ogetherwhil
eleavi
ngtheb aggageofd ailylif
eb ehi
nd."It'
sabout
R havingever y
t hi
ngthaty ouneed ,andneedi
ngonlywhaty ouhav e.
"
Y
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E

SELECTEDREADI
NGS:

Bol
ser
,K.
,&Gos
ciej
,R.(
2015)
.Mi
ll
enni
als
:Mul
ti
-Gener
ati
onalLead
ersSt
ayi
ngConnec
t .Jour
ed nalofPr
act
ical
Cons
ult
ing,Vol
.5(
Iss
.2)
,pp
.1.

Dar
li
ng,N.(
1999)
.Par
ent
ingSt
yleandI
tsc
orr
elat
es.ERI
CDi
ges
t.
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
DeChane,D.J.(
2014)
.Howt
oexp
lai
ntheMi
ll
enni
alGener
ati
on?Und
ers
tandt
heCont .I
ext nqui
riesJour
nal
,VOL.6.
NO.03,PG.2/
3.

Mar
yVenusJos
eph,P.
,&Ji
ll
yJohn.(
2008)
.Imp
actofPar
ent
ingSt
yleonChi
ldDev
elop .Gl
ment obalac
ademi
cSoc
iet
y
Jour
nal
:Soc
ialSc
ienc
eIns
ightI
II,

Whati
sTr
adi
tionalPar
ent
ing.(
2011,Sep
temb
er22)
.Ret
riev
edf
romPar
ent
ingOl
dSc
hool
:
www.
par
ent
ingol
dsc
hool
.com/
par
ent
ing-ol
d-s
chool
-/what
-is
-tr
adi
tional
-par
ent
ing/

FI
NALS
I
II.CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TY:SOCI
ALANDECOLOGI
CALI
SSUESANDCHURCH’
SRESPONSES

A.ONSOCI
ETY

C “Global
izationint hemi ddl
ep ar toft hetwent i
et hcenturyhadstirredcruci
alandtr emendous
O changesinal laspec t
sofhumanl ife,whet hersocial
,economic,rel
igious
,poli
tic
alorc ul
tural
.”
N Atat imewhent hewor ldhadj ustad justedtot hechangesandc hall
engesbroughtb y
T industri
ali
zat i
on,t hisunexpec tedp henomenonc repti
n. I foneref l
ectsupononb otht he
E creditandd ebitofgl obali
zation,itisr eali
zedthatwhat evergoodt hathascomeoutofi tisto
X alargeext entab y -product–s omet i
mesat ot
al l
yunintendedby-product–ofap roc esswhose
basicmot i
vationist he exp ans ionofmar ket
s , t hemaximizationofp r
ofit
sand
T
accumulationofweal th.

Manyp eopledonotv isi

blyseet heill-effectsofglob alizat i
onb ecauset hisphenomenonhas
comed owni nthegui s
eofnewt echnology,economi cgr owt handd evelopment. Tec hnol
ogyas
BernardAd eneyc l
aimed,iscons i
der edast hes weetf rui tofglobalization,thetoolof
devel
op ment,thes i
gnofp rogr ess,andt hes ymbolofhop e,security,prosperit
yandf reedom.
Butasidef romt hi
s,itshouldnotb ei gnoredt hatglob alizationisas ymb olofstatusandpower,
i
nequal i
tyandi njusti
ce,andt hati toftenb enefitst hef ew( t
her ich)att heexpenseofmany
(thepoor).

ThePhil
ip p
ineswasnots p aredf romt hei mp ac tsofglob alization. Asi ti snar rat ed“ad v
ocac y
andadvanc esi nhumand ignityar einter act i
ngandi nter sec ti
ngwi thgr ossv iol
at ionsof
women’sandc hil
dr en’
shumanr i
ght s.I nequal it
yandp ov ertyar es owi d
es pread . Ther eare
heroi
cef fortsf orp eaceinMi nd anao,b utt heyhav enotend edv iolence,t error ,andwar .
I 1.Corrupt i
on
N Generall
ys peakingas“ theab useofent rust edp owerf orp riv
at egai n”.Cor rup tioncanb e
S cl
assif
iedasgr and ,pettyandp olit
ical,dep end ingont heamount sofmoneyl ostandt hes ector
P whereitoc cur s. Gr andc orrupt i
onc ons i
st sofac tscommi ttedatahi ghl ev
elofgov er nment
I thatdistortp oli
ci
esort hec entr alfunct i
oni ngoft hest at e,enab linglead erst ob enefitatt he
R expenseoft hep ub li
cgood .Pett ycor ruptionr eferstoev er ydayab us eofent rus tedpowerb y
l
ow-andmi d-levelp ubl
icof fic
ialsint heiri nt eracti
onswi thor di
nar yc i
t i
zens ,whoof tenar e
E
tryi
ngt oac cessb asicgood sors ervicesi np laceslikehos p ital
s ,schools ,poli
ced epartment sand
D
otheragenc i
es .
W
O Pol
itic
alc or
r upt
ionisamani
pulat
ionofpolic
ies,insti
tutionsandr ulesofp r
oc edurei nt he
R all
ocationofr esour
cesandfi
nanci
ngb ypoli
tic
ald eci
sionmaker s
,whoab uset heirp osit
ionto
D sustai
nt heirpower,stat
usandwealth.(
E.V.
,T.I.(n.
d.)
.ThankYouforDonat
ingtoTransparency
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
S I
nter
nat
ional
!Ret
rievedJune13,2018,f
romht
tps
://
www.
trans
par
enc
y.or
g/what
-is
-cor
rupt
ion#def
ine)
&
2.UnjustlaborPractices( unjus
td i
smi
ssal
,s toc
khold
ingmind s
et)
C
Terminati
onofac ont r
ac tofemp loy
mentwithoutduep r
ocessorinamannert hatv i
olat
esthe
H
termsoft hecontractisc all
edunjustdi
smi
ssal.Insuchcases,thecour
tsusuallytakethe
U employee'
scontractualrightsintocons
ider
ationinawar d
ingdamages.Als
ocalledwrongful
R dis
chargeorwr ongfulter minati
on.
C
H 3.c onsumer is
m( material
ism/commod i
ficati
on)
’ Commod i
fication, i sap r
ocessofnotd isti
ngui
shingany moreeitherconsci
ouslyor
S unc onsci
ous l
yb etweenhumanandnonhumanent iti
es r esul
tingf r
omac apitali
stp er
spec
tiv
e
T sol
el yfort hes akeofp rofit
eering.Moreover,i
nt hep r
ocessofc ommodif
icati
on,notonl yi
s
E thehumanp ers onreducedtoat oolthathasanexc hangev al
ueb utals
ohisrelations.The
A givenexp lanationab oveonhowl ab
orersandp r
acticall
yhumanb eingsareexploited,and
C cons equentlyc ommod i
fied,mayb eanover s
impl
ifi
cation.Butthisishowexp l
oitationis
essent i
all
ynowad ays.
H
I Commod ificati
on,whi chd irec tl
yaf f ectshumanb eings ,is ahumanc reat ion;t her efore,i tcan
N bes olved .Howev er ,humanr eali
tyi snott heonl yr ealityt hatget saf fect ed.Peop le's
G commod if yingc onsc i
ous nes shasgr eat lyalterednotonl ythehumanwor ld( thewor l
das
S perceiv edb yhumanb eings )b utal sot henat ur alwor l
d .Bec aus ehumanb eingsi nac api
t ali
st
societyamas sweal th,b ot hhumanb eingsandenv ironmentar eexp l
oited .Theexp loitationof
thef or merhasf oundnumer ousc riticismsf romd iffer entp olitic
al humani stp ers pectives.
Someoft heexp l
oitat i
ons ,t onames ome,ar ec ontr act uali
zat ionofwor ker s,p rost i
tut i
on,
chil
dl ab or,andot her s.Wor kersinc ont ractual i
zat ionar ec ommod ifiedb ec aus ewor kersar e
seenast ool s
,notd iffer entf rommac hines,t hati fwor kers'servicesar enol ongerneed ed,
theywi llbes crap ped .Mor eov er,ev ent hecons cious nes samongwor ker sisal read ywor king
withint heamb itsofc ommod ifi
cationb ecaus et heynol ongerp ercei
v ewor kasanext ens ionof
theirb ei ngb utmer elyasat oolfors ur vi
val.Wor ker shadt of indawayt omaxi mi zet hei rpay
andmi nimi zet heirwor kl oadwhi chi nt urnwi llgr eat lyef fec tthequal ityofs ervicet heywi l
lbe
givi
ng. Thi s wi llcont rib utet ot hed ecreas eoft hequal i
t yofs erv ic
ewhi chint ur nwi llbe
dis
ad vant ageoust oaanyi ns ti
tution.
Inot herwor ds,commod ifi
cat i
onhasnotj us taf fected emp loyersb utevenemp loyeesaswel l
andwi llhavethenegat iveef fectsjus texp lained.Theexp loi
tat ionofnat ur eandt hed anger
thisactmayb ring,ont heot herhand ,hav ej us trecent lybeeni ntroducedi ntot hemi nd sof
people.I nthear ticleCap i
talismandt heAc cumul ationofWeal t hbyJohnBel l
anyFos ter ,itisas
thoughap rophethasgi venhi smes s
ageofj ud gmenti nt hisstat ement:Ov ert henextf ew
decadeswear ef ac i
ngt hep ossibi
li
ty,i ndeedt hep r
ob abili
ty,ofgl obalcatas tropheonal evel
unprec edentedinhumanhi story.Themes sageofs ci
enc ei scl
ear .AsJamesHans en,t he
foremos tcli
mat es cientistint heUnitedSt ates ,haswar ned,t hismayb e“ ourl astc hanc et o
savehumani ty
.”( JohnBell
amyFos t
er,“Capit
ali
s mandt heAc c
umulati
onofCat ast
rophe,”Mont hl
yRevi ew:An
I
ndependentSoc
ial
is
tMagazi
ne,Vol
.63I
ssue7(
Dec
2011)
.

4.Res
pons
ibl
eCi
tizens
hip

Ever y
onehasad ut yt obear esp
ons i
blec i
tizen.Butunf ort
unately,notev er
yonet akesthis
responsibi
li
tyser ious l
y.Therearep l
ent yofp eopletheworldoverwhod onotknowwhatb eing
ar esponsi
blecitizenmeansandt hesear et hep eopl
ewhod estr
oyourc ommuni ti
es .Forbeinga
responsibl
ec i
tizenr esul
tsinahap p
yandhar moniouscommunity–i fev eryoneelsed oesthe
same.Beingar es ponsibl
eciti
zencover smanyar eas–s omeoft heml egalobli
gations,some
socialandsomemor al.Soofcourse,bec ausenotal lofthemarel egalob l
igati
ons,b ei
nga
responsibl
ec i
tizeni snotaseas yass tay i
ngwi thinthelaw.Infac t,tob eat rul
yr espons
ible
cit
izen,wes omet i
mesmus tgooutofourwayt odot hi
ngswhichhel pours oci
ety–gi v
eal i
ttl
e
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
ofourt
imeandef
for
tfort
hegr
eat
ergood
.

Noonec anb ear es p

ons i
blec i
tizenwi t houts tayingwi thint helaw.I tisass i
mp l
east hat .
Criminals,byt heirv er ynat ure,ar enotb ehav i
ngasr es pons i
blecitizens.Lawsexi stt oprotect
cit
izens,t hec ommuni tiest heyl i
vei nandt heirp roperty.Sot obear espons i
bleci
tizen,we
mus trespec tthes el awsandab ideb yt hem.Har mingot hersorot her s’
p r
op ertydoesnot
equat etob eingagoodc it
izen.Soc i
alob l
igationsr eal
lyf ormt heb ulkofb eingar espons i
ble
cit
izenandwhatt hismeans .Tob ear es ponsi
b l
ec iti
zen,wes houldhel pourc ommuni tiesand
thosewhol i
v eint hem.So,b eingar esp onsibl
ec iti
zenc anenc omp assthingss uchas
volunteering.( Walker,J.,BA.(2018,Februar y13)
.BeingaRes pons
ibleCit
izen.Retri
evedJune13,2018,f
rom
ht
tp:
//www.
res
pons
ibl
eci
tizen.
co.
uk/
bei
ng-a-r
espons
ibl
e-c
iti
zen.
html
)

5.ReligiousDi ver sity

Religi
ousp luralismi sahi stor i
c alsit
uat i
ont hatc har ac ter izesourwor ldtoday .I tisaneut ral
paradigmf orChr istiant heol ogy .Asanewp ar ad i
gm,i tl ead sust oexp eri
enceat heological
turningp oi
nt . Wear einanewhi storicalsi
tuat ion"onet hatisnol ongerd omi nat edasi nthe
l
as tcent ury,byr eligiousi nd ifferenceands ecular i
zat i
onb utb yt heplural
ityofr eligious
faiths. Thi sisal s ot her es ultofar eald oc
t ri
nal rev olut ionus her edinbyVat i
c anI Iinits
pronounc ementofap ositivej udgmentonnonChr i
st ianr eligions .Thes eedsoft rut hand
holi
nes sinot herr eligioust r ad i
tionsar enowr ecogni zed .( Vat i
canI I,NostraAet at e).
VaticanI I'
swel lknowns t atementop enedthed oort or elat i
ons hip swithotherf aiths.The
statementoft hemagi ster i
umwentb eyondd omi nat ionandc onv er si
on. Rel igionshav e
somet hingp osi
t ivet oof fert ooneanot her,whi char enotj ustf unc ti
onallyord ynami cal
ly
equivalent. Whatt her eligionsar eof feri
ngands ay i
ngi snott hes amet hing,i nd if
f er
ent
forms ,butuni queandi rreplac eab l
eway sofs alv ation.

Cros s
ingb ound arieslead susi ntot hed iversityoft ruthc ond itionsofot herc ultur aland
rel
igioust rad it
ions-Tr ut hliesalsoel sewher e,out sidethewal lsofChr isti
ani tyandt heChur ch
(Heb r
ews13: 14).SinceVat icanI I
,c ros s
ingf ront i
er shasb ec omeac entralc onc eptinp astoral
effort stoop enoutad ialoguewi tht hewor ldandal lit
sc ultur esandt rad i
tions( Vat i
canI I,
GaudiumetSpes ).Thewor l
dwhi chisb ecomi nginc r
eas inglys ecular ,mustb einf usedwi thf ai
th
(l
umen) ,joy( gaudium)andhope( spes )
. Cr ossingf rontiersl ead sustot hewor ldoft henew
gener ationt hatemp has izesr el
igi
ousf reedom,s el
f-emanc i
pat ionandgr oups olidarity.Italso
l
ead sust othei ssuesr aisedb yfemi nismandec ologyasweI Iasf undament alismand
secular i
sm.Twos oc i
alf orcesar edist i
nct i
velyres ponsiblefort heemer genc eoft hesei ss
ues:
mod ernizationands ecular i
zat i
on. Mod ernityist heout c omeofs ecul
arization.

Therei sagr eatneedt oad dressthec hallenget oenl ar get hespac ef orint err eli
gious
exchange,i nter cultur
alc ommuni cat i
on"andi nterf aithwi tness
.Thi si sinev i
t ab l
e.Wehav et o
acknowl edget hatal lreligioust raditionsar et hep roduc tsofhistor icalandp oliti
calp rocesses.
Theird i
s t
inctivenes si
sc ons tructedup ont hes epr ocess esandev ent s.Plur ali
s ms erv esasa
power fulremind eroft he' constructiv e-nes sofr el i
gion. Henc e,ac knowl edgmentoft he
fragili
tyandl imit ednat ur eofal lhumand iscourseab outt hedivinei ss i
gnif i
c antChr ist
ian
theologyt ell
sust hatGodi st hef ound ationofal lknowl ed geandmakesd ialogueb et weent he
wor l
dandr el
igionsandb etweenb eli
ev ersandnon-b eli
ev erspossible.Differ enc esar enotonl y
tob etolerated .Theymus tals obec eleb rated .Diver si
tyi stobev aluedt ot rans formt hewor l
d
intoab et t
erp lacet olivei n.Henc e,op ennes st other eligi
ous-ot herwoul dunc over
potentialiti
esf orap proac hingt hep lur almy steryofGodandt her i
chesofGod sinfinitewisdom.
CHURCH’
SRESPONSE
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
Structures,ins t
it uti
onsandl awss houldnotb et houghtofanec es saryev ilwehav etoend ure.
Theyar ees sentialfeat uresofemb odimentasap pl
y ingt othef i
eldofs oc
ialr el ationshi ps.They
areallrelatedt owhatCat hol i
cs oci
alt hinker shav et ermed‘ thec ommongood ’.Thi sisnot
somethingi mpers onalt owhi chorgoodasi nd i
v i
dualp ersonshast ob es acrificed .Thec ommon
goodref erst othes tat eofaf fairswhi chisneed edi nanyp articulars oci
et yift hei ndividual
goodsofi tsmemb ersar et ob es afeguar dedandp r
omot ed.Alt houghVat i
c anI Ii smor e
concernedab outp astoralr enewal thanp recisedef initions,itc onsider sthenot i
onoft he
commongoods uffici
ent lyimp ortantt op resentac ar ef ull
ywor dedd efini
tionofi tint hr ee
dif
ferentp laces.Fori nstanc e,Gaud iumetSpesf ollowsi tst reat mentoft hei nt er depend ence
ofthehumanp ers onands ocietywi tht hes tatement :‘Thec ommongoodi st hes umoft hos e
condit
ionsofs ocialli
fewhi chal l
ows ocialgr oupsandt heirindividual memb er sr elatively
throughandr ead yacc esst ot heirownf ulfi
llment( n. 26;cf.al son. 74andDec lar at i
onon
Rel
igi
ousFr
eedom,n.
6).
Tos ayt hestructures,i
nstitut i
onsandl awsar eindi
spens ablesincet heyf l
owf romt hiss
ocial
dimens i
onofb eingahumanp ersonisnott osuggestthats uchst ruc t
ures,inst i
t uti
onsand
l
awsar enotofhumanor igin.I notherwor ds
,i ti
squitec ons i
stentwi threcogni zingthatthey
mayv aryf r
omc ul
turetoc ultureandf romaget oage. Ther ewi llalwaysb eac hangeabl
e
dimens i
ontot hemand ,asahumanc onstructs,theyarenec essarilyimperfect .Thati swhyit
wouldb ead enialofourver yhumani tytolookf orsomei dealChr istiansocialor der.Any
poli
ticalpartywhi c
hclai
medt obaseitsmanifestoass uchani d
ealChr is
tians ocialorderis
l
ivinginad ream-wor l
dandi snotd oi
ngj usti
cet other ealityoft hehumanp er son.
Ifthati st rue,whatab outtheb odyofs oci
althoughtwhi chgoesund ert hehead i
ngof
‘
Cat holi
cs ocialteaching’andwhi chisclearl
ys od eart ot hehear tofPop eJohnPaulI I?There
isnod oubtt hats omet i
mest hissocialt
houghti ss pokenass omeki ndofid ealChri
sti
ans oc
ial
order.Howev er,amor ecarefulexegesisoft hemaj or‘soc i
alencycli
cals
’ass eenintheir
his
tor i
calc ontextr evealsthatt heywer everyc l
ear ly‘si
t uati
onal’document s.Theywere
respondingt op arti
c ul
ars i
tuat i
onsofs tructural i
nj us
t i
c eord ehumanizings oci
almovements
whichint heird aywer es eri
ouslyhar mi
ngt helivesofp eop l
e,especial
lythep oor.
Fori nstance,t hev eryfirstofthegr eatsocialenc yc
licals,Rer umNovar um( 1891) ,wasa
resp onset os omeoft hep robl
emsc ausedbyt heInd ust ri
alRev oluti
on.Toof ewp eople
cont rol
ledt hes ourcesofweal thwithther esultthatv erymanyp eopl
ewer el i
vingi ndir
e
pover tyandend uringinhumanwor kingcond i
tions.Rer umNovar umdef endedt her ightof
wor kerst of ormt radeunionsandd emandedaj ustwagef orthem. I tar guedt hatp riv
ate
prop erty,thoughal egiti
mateinstituti
on,wasonl yas econd aryr i
ghtandf ound edont hemor e
basict rutht hatt hegoodoft hiseartharegi venf ort hegoodofal lpeople.Itop posed‘cl
ass
struggle’ asb eingd i
vis
iveands onotanef fectivewayofc reatingamor ej usts ociety.Hence,
i
twasagai ns tthes oci
ali
stmov ementoft het i
meb ecausei twass ostronglywed dedt othe
‘
clas sstruggl e’
.
Acaref ulexeges iss howst hatmos toft heot hermaj orsocialenc yclicalshav elargelyf ollowed
asimil
arap proach.Theyat temptedt or eadwhats eemedt ob egoi ngoni ns oci
et yint hel i
ght
ofwhatt heys awt obeb asicpri
nc i
plesfors oc i
alli
fewhichf lowedf romaChr istianwor ld-vi
ew.
Itisthisgr adual elaborat i
onoft heseb asicpr i
ncipl
esovert hep as t100y earst hatisus uall
y
referredt oas‘ Cat holi
cs oci
alteaching’.Toac asualobs
er veri tcangi vet heimp ressi
onof
offeri
ngab lueprintf oraChr i
sti
ans oc
ialor der.Whenp roper l
yund er stood ,i
td oesnot hingof
thesor t.Itop erat esmor easaki ndofc heck-li
stofs oc
ialv alues,f ormulat edinv ariousway s,
whichc anb ehelpf ulinac riti
calevaluationofanyp arti
culars ociety .‘Catholicsoc i
alt eac hi
ng’
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
isoftenenunciatedinthefor mofgeneralpri
ncipl
eswhichinsis
toncertai
nfacetsofsoci
al
organizati
ont hatneedtob ebor nei
nmindifasociet
yittob etrul
yrespec
tfulofhuman
persons.Thepr i
ncip
leofsub s
idiari
tyisagoodexampleofthis.Iti
senunci
atedintermsofa
generalprinc
ipleinQuadragesimoAnno,n.79:
Justasitisgravel
ywrongtot akefromi ndivi
dual
swhattheycanaccompli
shbythei
rown
init
iat
iveandindust
ryandgiveittot hec ommunity
,soals
oiti
saninj us
ticeandatthesame
timeagr av
eev i
landdi
sturbanceofrightor dertoass
igntoagreat
erandhi gheras
soci
ation
whatlesserandsubord
inat
eor gani
zat i
onsc ando.
M Bl
ogs
: 
I
Socialjusticeprojec t
sc anb echal
lengi
ngb ecauset heytakes t
udentsandt eachersout si
deof
S
theircomf ortzones .Tob esuc c
essful
,startb yestabli
shinganat mospher
ewher estudents
S feelsafes hari
ngt heiropini
onsandb ydevelopingac l
assroomc ul
tureofres pect.Consid
er
I someexer ci
sesorp r
oj ec
tst hatarepriv
atei nnatur e(sharedonlywit
hinthec l
assroom)and
O otherst hatarep ub l
ic.Factorinstudentcomf ortl
ev el
sandc ontextwhend ec i
dingwheret he
N projectswi l
lbes hared .
A
R Ofallthemeaningf
ulexp
er i
encest hatwec anprovi
destudents,t
hoserelat
edtosoci
aljusti
ce
Y mightbet hemosti
mportant.All
 t
hef acts
,c onc
epts,andskil
lsweteacharefornot
hingif
R st
ud entsareunabl
etous ethatknowledgeinway sthatimprovetheworl
daroundus.
E
S Student
sc ancreat
eonli
nepoststhatconsi
s toftext,i
mages ,artwork,l
inks,andvid
eoar
ound
P agiventheme.Thesepos
ts,depend
ingonf requencyandlength,mighttaket hefor
mofan
O onli
neessay,ashortd
ail
y/weeklyref
lect
ion,oral ar
ge-scaleresearchproject.
N
S
E

SELECTEDREADI
NGS:
“
Dev
elop
ment
,Jus
tic
eandPeac
e,”CBCPMoni
tor
,Feb15-28,2010,s
ec.A,p
.4.

Sai
ntAugus
tineConf
ess
ions
,tr
ans
lat
edb
yHenr
yChad
wic
k,(
GreatBr
itai
n:CoxandWy
manLt
d.,1998)
,p.
125.

TheEd
itor
ial
,“Gl
ori
ousRhet
ori
c,Not
ori
ousReal
it
ies
,”I
mpac
t,Vol
.41,no.
2,Dec2007,23.

MichaelWals
handBrianDavi
es,Pr
ocl
aimi
ngJusti
ceandPeace:PapalDocumentsfromRer
eumNovar
umt
hrough
CentesimusAnnu,(
My s
tic
,Cennec
tic
ut:Twent
y-Thi
rdPubl
ic
at i
ons,1991),p.19.

Pop
eBenedi
ctXVI,IntheBeginni
ng..
.ACat
hol
icUnder
standi
ngoft
heSt
oryofCr
eat
ionandt
heFal
l,(
Wm.B.
Eerd
mansPubl
is
hingCo. 1995),82.

Har
veyCox,TheMar
ketasGod:Li
vingi
ntheNewDi
spens
ati
on,TheAt
lant
icMont
hly283,no.3(
Mar
ch1999)
:18.

B.ONENVI
RONMENT/
ECOLOGY(
Phi
li
ppi
neenv
ironment
als
ituat
ioner
)(c
alami
ties
)
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES

C Thewor l
df acesmor ed aunt i
ngenv i
ronment al chal l
enges .Globalwar minghasc aus ecli
mat e
O changesd i
s rup ti
ngt henat ural c
yc l
esandweat herp att erns.Whi l
ehur ricanesar eget ting
N stronger ,d rought sar eb ecomi ngl ongerandmor eint ens e.Mount ai
ngl acier saroundt hewor l
d
T haver eced ed ,increasings eal ev elswhi chc oul db uryl ow-l yi
ngi s
land sunder water .Global
E war mingi sp art l
yc ausedb ygr eenhous egas esr el eas edb ynat uralphenomena.Lar ge
X quant iti
esoft hes egas esc omef r
omant hr op ogeni cac tiviti
esl i
ket heb urningoff ossi
lfuels.
Changi ngp at ternofr ainfalllead st olocals hor tageoff oodandheal thp r
ob lemsandev en
T
armedd i
sp utes .Manywat ers our cesar et hr eat enedb yf aultywas ted i
spos al,i
ndus tri
al
poll
ut ants,f er ti
li
zerun-of f
,ands alt
wat eri ntr usionint ound ergroundaqui ferlead i
ngt o
unsaf edr i
nki ngwat erandd ep leti
onofgr oundwat er . Soi lhasb eenc ont aminatedb yexc es
s
ofs altsandhazar dousc hemi cal s
.Er osionandexhaus tionofnut ri
ent sandt rac
eel ement shave
degr adedt hequal ityofs oilres ulti
ngi np oorc rophar ves ts.Defores tati
onandmi ni ngare
amonghumanac tivit
ieswhi chhav ead v erselyaf fect edb iodivers
ity.
Int hePhi l
ippines,t her ei sec ologicalcons ciousnes st hatc o-exist swi ths peciesext inction
becaus eofi l
legal logging,mi ning,f i
shing,ands oon.Humanl i
feandt henat ur alwor l
dar e
definitelyund ert hreat . Anewv isi
onofl i
f emus tb ef ound edont hec onv ictiont hathuman
areemb eddedi nnat ur eandnat ureisal soemb ed dedi nhumanb eings . Di anneBer gantar gues
“wear et r
ulyc hil
d renoft heuni v
er se,mad eoft hes ames t
uffasar ethemount ainsandt he
rain,t hesandandt hes t ar s. Wear egov er nedb yt hel awsofl ifeandgr owt handd eathasar e
theb irdsandt hef ishandt hegr as soft hef ields. Wet hriveint hewar mt hofandt hrought he
agenc yoft hes unasd oesev eryot herlivingt hing. ”
I 1.Pol l
ut i
on
N Poll
ut i
oni sthep roces sofmaki ngl and,wat er,ai rorot herp art soft heenv ironmentd irtyand
S nots af eors uitablet ous e.Thi sc anb ed onet hr ought hei ntroduc tionofac ont ami nanti ntoa
P nat uralenvironment ,b utt hec ont aminantd oesn' tneedt obet angi bl
e.Thi ngsass imp l
eas
I l
ight ,soundandt emp erat ur ec anb ec ons i
der edp ollut ant swheni nt roduc edar tif
iciall
yi ntoan
R env i
ronment . Poll
ut ioni st heund es i
rablec hangei nt hep hysic
al,c hemic al,andb iol
ogi cal
cond i
tionsoft heenv i
ronment .Pol l
ut i
ongener allyt r eat edi nthr eenat uralc at egor i
es:ai r
E
wat er,andl and .
D
W a.Ai
rPol
lut
ion
O
R Therearefivemaj orpoll
utantsdi
schargedintotheatmosphere:carbonmonoxi de,
D parti
cul
ate,s ulf
uroxides,hyd
rocarbons,andnit
rogenoxides.Itsmajors ourc
es ,asi
de
S frommotorv ehicl
es,arefuelcombusti
onofelectri
c-powerplants,i
nd us
tr i
alprocess
esand
& burni
ngofs olidwastes
.
C Theef fectsofai rpoll
utiononusar ev aried.Exc essi
veinhalat i
onofc arbonmonoxi de
H dis
placesoxy geninourb lood,andt heref ore,reduc estheamountofoxy genc arri
edtot he
U bodyt i
ssues.Sulfuroxides ,ontheot herhand ,ar ebel
ievedt ocaus etempor aryand
R permanenti njurytoourr espi
rator ysyst em,throught heirritationofthel ungtissueand
C upperr espi
ratorytr act
.Phot ochemi c
al oxidants,likenitrogend ioxi
de,aldehydes,and
H peroxyzcylcanc auseey eirrit
ation.Thei ntakeofni trogenoxi des,part
icularlybychil
dren,
’ i
nc reasestheirsusceptibil
itytoc ontactf lu.
S
T b
.Wat
erPol
lut
ion
E
Waterisoneoft hemos timportantnaturalr
esour
c esthatwenec essarytos ustainour
A
l
ifeinthisplanet.But,thegrowthofp op
ulati
onandi ndus
t r
y,aswellas,thei nc
r easeof
C
agri
cul
tur alproduct
ion,resul
tsinaheavierwater-borneloadofi
ns ect
icides
,her bici
des
,
H
andnit
r ates.Thesepoll
utantsspreadnotonlyi
ntoours treams,r
ivers,lakes,ands eas,
I
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
N b
uti
ntoourgr
oundwat
eraswel
l.
G
c
.LandPol
lut
ion
S
Thel andar oundusmakesi tpossibl
eforust oes tabl
ishs t
ructures,l
ikehous i
ng
settlement sandindustri
alcomp l
exes,whichs up
p ortourac ti
vit
ies.Itisalsothemed ium
throughwec anhaveagricul
tural pr
oducts.Landforms,likemount ai
nr anges,contain
miner alresourcesthatweneedf orindus
tr i
alprogress.Allofthesemakel andav aluabl
e
resour ceforus .But,whenwemi susel
and,weexp eri
enceenv ir
onment alpol
luti
onandt he
depletionofourl and-bas
edr esources.
Landp ol
luti
onmayb etracedtotwogener al
res ources;1)s oli
dwas t
esf romd omesti
c,
commer ci
al,andi ndust
r i
alactivi
ties ,and2)agr icult
uralp ol
luti
onf rompesticid
esand
fert
ili
zer s
.Ot hersourcesofl and,ai r,andwat erp ol
lutionar eduetot heuseoff ossi
lfuel
s
forindustrialpurposes;leademissionsf romc ars,increasingnumb erofr ef
rigeratorsandair
condit
ioners ,dumpingoft oxi
cwas t es,andmanymor e.
2.MiningI ndus
try
ThePhilipp
inesisthefif
thmos tmi
neral-r
ichcountryi
nt heworl
df orgold,nickel
,cop
per,and
chromite.Itishomet othel
argestcopper
-golddeposi
tintheworld.TheMi nesandGeosci
ences
Bureau( MGB)hases t
imatedthatthecountryhasanes t
imated$840b i
ll
ionwor thofunt
ap p
ed
mineralwealth,asof2012.

About30mi l
li
onhectaresofl andareasint hePhilip
pinesisd eemedasp ossi
bleareasfor
metall
icmineral
s.Accordi
ngt ot heMinesandGeos ci
encesBur eau( MGB) ,aboutninemi l
li
on
hectaresoflandareasisidentifi
edashav inghighmi neralpotent i
al.ThePhilipp
inesmet al
deposi
tisestimatedat21.5b il
li
onmet ri
ct onsandnon-met alli
cmi neralsareat19. 3bi
ll
ion
metrictons,asof2012.(QUINTANS,J.D.(
2017,Sept
ember04).Mi
ningindust
ryinthePhi
li
ppi
nes
.Retri
eved
June12,2018,f
romht
tp:
//www.
mani
lat
imes
.net
/mi
ning-i
ndus
try-phi
li
ppi
nes
/348610/
)

3.Mas siveI ndustrial

ization
Somet wot othreec ent uri
esago,huges oci
alandec onomicadvanc esmarkedt hewor ld
wide
evolutionfromac ons ervati
v eagr i
cult
uralandc ommercialsoc
iet ytoanexp erimental
industrialci
v i
li
zat i
on.Manuf act
ur eofnewmec hani
calinnovationstoeas et hetasksof
manki ndhadr eplacedmanual laborandc onv
ent i
onaltoolsouranc estorshadus edlongago.
Perhap syour ecallfromhi storyb ookshowinj ustafewd ecadesoft hisperiod,theglobal
vil
lagec ompetent l
yac c
ep t
edt hec ountl
essinnovati
onsmad eliket heelectr
ic i
ty,automobi
les
andt elephones.

Philip
p i
nes ’wor kforcehasl ongb eenknownwor ldwidef ort heef fi
c i
enc yitp res ent s.Thous and
s
ofov er seasFi l
ipi
nowor ker sar ehiredev er yy ear.Thisp r
ov eshowf oreigner sf eels atisfiedat
thes er viceofPhi l
ippi
nenat ives.Inf act ,as tudyhasb eenc onduc tedb yt heSwi ss
Inter nat i
onalI nstit
ut ef orManagementDev elopmenti n2004whi chr eveal st hatPhi l
ippines
ranksnumb eronei nAs iai nt ermsofav ailabil
ityofs killedwor kfor ce.As i
d ef romb ei
ng
nat urallys martandr espec tf ul
,Fili
p i
nowor kersar eal soef fic
ienti ns peaki ngEngl i
sh.Als o,
l
ab ori nt hePhilip
p i
nesi sp ricedmar ked lyl ow,c omp aredt oequal lyqual i
f i
edemp l
oy eesf rom
otherc ount r
ies.Thes ear et hemai nr eas onswhyt hePhi l
ippiness eemst ob eap otent i
al
l
ocat ionf orc al
lc enters.( Global
Sky.(n.d.
).The#1Bes tValueCallCenterinthePhi l
ippines .Retri
evedJune
12,2018,f
romht
tp:
//gl
obal
sky.
com/
indus
tri
al-r
evol
uti
on-i
n-t
he-phi
li
ppi
nes
/)

4.Reforestati
on
Reforestati
onisthenat
uralori
ntenti
onalr
estoc
kingofexi
sti
ngforestsandwoodl
ands
(for
estation)t
hathavebeendep
leted
,usual
lyt
hroughdefor
estat
ion.Refores
tati
oncanbe
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
usedt orecti
fyorimp r
ovet hequali
tyofhumanl ifeb
ysoakingupp ol
lut
ionanddustfromthe
ai
r,r ebui
ldnaturalhabit
atsandec osys
t ems,mit
igat
eglobalwarmingsincefor
estsfaci
li
tat
e
bi
oseques t
rationofatmos pheri
ccarbond i
oxid
e,andharvestforresources
,parti
cul
arly
ti
mb er,butalsonon-timberf or
estproducts.

As imil
arc oncept ,afforest
ation,anothertypeoff or est
at ion,referst othep rocessof
rest ori
ngandr ecreatingareasofwood landsorfor eststhatmayhav eexistedlongagob ut
wer ed efores
t edorot herwiseremovedats omepoi nti nthep astorl ackeditnat urally(e.g.
,
nat uralgrassland s)
.Somet i
mest heterm" r
e-affor estation"isus edtod i
stinguishb etweent he
originalforestc overandt helaterre-growthoff or esttoanar ea.Sp eci
alt ool
s,e.g.t ree
plant i
ngb ars
,ar eus edt omakep l
antingoft r
eeseas i
erandf aster.(Cous
ineau,L.(
n.d.).
Refor
es t
ati
onDefini
ti
on.RetrievedJune12,2018,from
htt
p://www.cl
imat
e-change-guide.
com/ref
orestati
on-def
ini
tion.
html
)

5.Was
temanagement
Accordi
ngt oar eportoftheSenateEc onomicPl anningOffi
ce,t hePhil
ippi
nesin2016was
generatingatleas t40,
000met r
ictonsofwas tead ay.Andwas t e-t
o-energyc ompaniesneed
atleast16,000t onsoftrashannuall
yt ogener ate1MWofener gy .Withtheamountoft r
ash
thatthePhili
ppinesisgenerati
ng,was te-to-ener gycompaniesc anprovi
deelec t
ric
itytoa
handfulofareasi nthecountrythatar eexperienc i
ngenergyd emandc hall
enges.
Was temanagementi sthecoll
ecti
on,transp
ortat
ion,anddisp
os alofgarbage,sewage,and
otherwas t
ep roduct
s .Wastemanagementencompassesmanagementofal lp
rocessesand
resourcesforproperhand l
ingofwastemateri
als
,f r
ommai ntenanceofwas tetransport
trucksandd umpi
ngf acil
it
iestocompl
iancewit
hhealthcodesandenv ironmentalregul
ati
ons.
(PALAFOX,F.A.(2018,March08).Wast
emanagement:Savi
ngt hePhil
ippi
neisl
ands,t
ouris
mandt heenvi
ronment
.
RetrievedJune13,2018,from
http://www.mani
lati
mes.net/wast
e-management
-savi
ng-the-phi
li
ppi
ne-isl
ands-t
ouris
m-and-t
he-envir
onment/3
84758/)

CHURCH’
SRESPONSE:

Theencycl
ialSol
c li
ci
t udoReiSoci
ali
s(SRS),whic
hs peaksoftheChri
sti
andoctri
neont he
envi
ronment,gi
vesandexplai
nst hethreemai
nr eas
onswhywear etores
pectour
envi
ronment,i
ncl
udingournat ur
alresourc
es.Someoft heid
easincl
udedarethefol
lowing:
1. Thenat
uralc
osmosmus
tnotb
eus
ed“
simp
lyasonewi
shesac
cor
dingt
oone’
sown
ec
onomi
cneeds
”;
2.Nat
uralr
esour
cesar
eli
mit
edands
omear
enotr
enewab
le;and
3.Thedi
rectori
ndi
rectresul
tofindustri
ali
zationi
s,evermor
efrequentl
y,t
hep
oll
uti
onof
theenv
ironment
,wit
hs eri
ousconsequencesforthehel
pofpopul
ati
on.”
Ins hor
t,theChurchaffi
rms“ thetrueconceptofdev
elopmentcannotignoret
heus eofthe
elementsofnature,therenewabili
tyofres
our c
esandtheconsequencesofhaphazard
industr
iali
zati
on-t hr
eeconsid
er ati
onswhichaler
tourconsci
encestot hemor
ald i
mensi
onof
theenv i
ronment.
”(SRS,34).
Par
tner
shi
pinCr
eat
ion
Thewor
dec ol
ogyi
sder
ivedf
romtheGreekwor
d,*”oi
kos
, ”whi
chmeans“hous
e”orplacei
n
whic
htoli
ve.Butl
etusseewhatf
iel
dofsci
encehastosayaboutec
ology
.Inthefi
eldof
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
science,itist hestudyofor gani
sms“ athome.”
Inec ol
ogy,wes tud
yli
vingbeings,thep l
acein
whi chtheyl i
ve,andt heinteracti
onamongandb etweent helivi
ngandnon-li
v i
ngcomp onents
oft hep l
ac ebeingstudi
ed.Weat temptt ounderstandthec omplexwebofli
nkages ,
relationshipsandinterdependenci
esinap arti
cularenvir
onmentorec osystem.Aswes tudy,we
startt or eal
izethattherei sapartnershi
pgoingonamongt hebei
ngsinourec osy
s t
ems .
Ecosystemsar eneverc omplet
elystati
c;theyaredynamicrealit
ies.Nevertheless,mos t
ecosystems,intheirnat ur
alenvir
onment ,dodevel
opad ynamics t
abil
it
y .But,ifwei ntrod
uce
si
gnific
antc hangesf r
omt heout s
ide,thepatternofrel
at i
onshipsinecosystemsc anb e
di
srupted.Out si
deinfl
uenc esarenotnecessaril
ybad.Insomec ases,theyar eneed ed.As
partnersincreation,itisourtaskt oi
ntroduc
eout si
deinfluences,i
fnec ess
ar y.
Itis,however,unfort
unat e,thatmos tofthetime,theoutsi
d einfl
uencesthatweint
roduce
ares omassivethatanecos ystemc ol
l
ap ses.Anexamp l
eofthisisEutrophi
cati
on,i
nwhichhigh
conc ent
rati
onsofnitrogenandp hosphorousareintenti
onal
lyd i
sposedofinabodyoffres
h
wat er.Thi
sinducesaprolifer
at i
onofal gae,whichsuffoc
atemanyoft hetradi
ti
onall
ifeforms
inlakes,makingthemb i
ologic
allydead.
Whenwes hiftourstudyfr omas i
ngeec osyst
emt ot heearthit
self
,manyec ol
ogistsfearthat
thec hanges ,whicharepres entl
yt akingplaceint hebi
osphere-theair,water,andthet hi
n
l
ay erofs oilthatarees s
ent ialforallli
feonear th,aresomas si
vethattheywillc
auset he
col
lap s
eors eri
ousdepleti
onofes sentialecosys
tems ,li
ketheoceans,wit
hd i
sastrous
consequenc esf oral
lli
fef orms ,
incl
ud i
ngus .
Ecologyhasmucht oteachofusasi ndi
vidualsandashumanf amil
ysothatwemayb egi
nt o
caremor efortheonlyhomeweal lshare-t hep l
anetearth. Mas smedi
a,gl
obal
cultureand
technologyvi
s-a-vi
sMor al-s
piri
tualdi
scernment .Theinf
luencesofmassmedi
a,global
izati
on,
andt echnol
ogyinourdailyli
vesneedourmor al-spi
rit
ualrefl
ec t
ions
.
Dis
cernmentd oesnotsimplymeant heac tofp erceiv
ing,disti
nguishi
ngorr ecogni zingevents
andexperi
encesinlif
e.Di s
cernmenti sratherr i
cheri nit
st heol
ogicalparl
ancer ef erri
ngt o
theartofseeingGod’swi l
lincomplexcircumstanc es.Theartofd i
s c
erningrequir esas truggl
e
ofopennessinorganizi
ngandas ses s
ingGod ’
sp l
anf orusi nourliv
esandourr el
at i
onshipwith
oneanother.Thisdi
scernmentr equiresan“ ongoingp roc
essofr esponsetopeop le’sneedsin
giv
es i
tuati
onast heyar eencounteredinc hangingc ir
cumstances.”
Asaresultofassessi
ngGod’wil
lforus,thereissomethingprofoundthathapp
entous.The
gif
tofc hari
tyorourabi
li
tyt obegeneroust oot
hersar epouredfort
hi nt
oourbei
ngs.
However,therearetwoevi
dentf ac
tsthatc ontr
adictthegiftofchari
tyinourhuman
exper
ience:ourlac
koffreedomandourl ackoftruth.
Indiscussingourl ac
koff r
eed om,wes tartwithSt .Paul’
st erm:“ForId onotd ot hegoodI
want,b utt heevi
lId onotwanti swhatId o.
”(Rom7: 10)Si mil
arl
y,wes ay:“ Bakitbamas ar
ap
angb awal?’ (
Whyi si
tenjoyabletodot hatwhichisev i
l?)or“ gustokongb umaitp erodiko
magawa” ,( Iwantt odobetterbutIc an’t)“mayqui zakob ukasperonagy ay ay
as il
a
mag-gimmi ck,si
nob aakopar aatrasanangb agaynay an!”(Ihaveaqui zt omor r
owb utthey
areinviti
ngmef orad ri
nki
ngs pree,whoamIt ot urnd ownt hei
roffer?)ands oon.Thisfact
ofcond i
tionisac ertai
nlackofinconsistencyindoingac ti
ngwhi chisabas icoptioninli
fe.
Secondl
y,thel
ackoftruthistheac
toflyingtoours
elvesandtooneanother.Wet ryt odeny
thatwed oevi
lthi
ngsandweal s
otrynottoacceptthatwecanchangefortheb ett
er .There
aretimesweprefernotofaceourcapac
itytodogoodb ec
ausewebecomeunc omfortable,and
 CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES
thetaskisunsettl
ing.Wer
ationali
zeourmi s
takessoweb ec
omemas t
ersofweari
ng‘mas
ks’
.
Theseobstac
lesshowupinourat ti
tudes,habi
tsandvaluesl
eadi
ngtopatter
nsofact
ions
reveal
ingboththatwehavethec apab
ili
tytod obadandtodogood.
M Li
tterFr
eeZone
I
S
S Thec
las
sisd
ivi
dedi
nsmal
lgr
oup
s(5memb
erseac ea
h)andar ss
ignedanar
eai
ntheb
uil
ding/
camp
us
I tocareforesp
ecial
lykeepi
ngi tcleanandspicands panf oraweek.Duri
ngfreeti
meoragr eed
O commontime,thegroupinchargeens uresthattheirc orres
pondi
ngareasarespi
cands p
an
N andfreeofanyli
tter. Thef acul
t yi
nc har
gewi llr
at ethelitt
erfreezoneandarecogni
tion
totheLitt
erFreeZonec anbed oneb ef
orethes emest erends.
A
R
Y
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E

SELECTEDREADI
NGS:
M.Hol
ine,Fi
ndi
ngt
heMes
sageofPope’
sEnc
ycl
ic
al Vol
.57(
2015)
.
A.Gor
e, “
Maki
ngChangesf
orOurChi
ldr ”Vi
en, talSpeec
hesf
ort
heDay73.No.
5(2007)
.

,Guzman,Env
R.S. ironment
alEduc
ati
onf
orSus
tai
nabl
eDevel
opment(
QuezonCi
ty:2000)
.

J.Broome,“TheEthi
csofCl
imat ”Sc
eChange, ient
ifi
cAmer
ican298no.
6(2008)
.

P.Roger
s,“
Fac
ingt
heFr
eshWat
erCr
isi
s,”Sc
ient
ifi
cAmer
ican299no.
Q.Tub
eza,“
Bus
ines
sAc
tsonGl
obalWar
mi ”Phi
ng, li
ppi
neDai
lyI
nqui
rer(
2009)
.
Vi
tal
ianoGor
ose,For
p mingt
heFi
li
pinoSoc
ialCons
cienc
e(Makat
iCi
ty:Bookmar
k,I
nc.
,1997)
,172.

ChandraMuzaf
far,“Gl
obal
izat
ion:ThePercepti
ons,Exper i
enc
esandRes
ponsesoft
heRel igi
ousTrad
iti
onsand
Cult
uralCommunit
iesi
ntheAsiaPacifi
cRegion”,Col
loquiumonChurc
hinAsi
ainthe21st Centur
y(Manila,
Phi
li
ppi
nes:Offi
ceforHumanDev el
opment
-FABC,1997) ,40.

BernardAd
eney,“
TheDar
kSideofTec
hnol
ogy,Angl
” i
canLifeandWitness(AReaderf
orLamb
ethConf
erenc
eof
Angli
canBi
shop
s1998)
,ed.C.Sugd
en&V.Samuel(
London:SPCK,1997):58-59.

EdgarJav i
er,“Pr
oclai
mingt
heWor
dofGod
:NewVoi
cesont
heHor
i ”Rel
zon, igi
ousLi
feAs
ia,Vol
.XI
I no.2
(Apri
l-June2009):3.
CFE102:CHRI
STI
ANMORALI
TYI
NOURTI
MES