Rac

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)
Content Standards Performance Standards

The learner demonstrates The learner independently
understanding of one’s PECs in creates a plan of action that strengthens
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning. and/or further develops his/her PECs in
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning.
Time Allotment: 4 hours
Module 1
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
Introduction
In this module, you will learn more about entrepreneurship and the
entrepreneurial competencies related to Refrigeration and Air-conditioning. You will
have a first-hand experience in educational activities leading to assessment of your
personal entrepreneurial competencies (PECS) and assessment of entrepreneurial
DRAFT
competencies of a successful telemarketing or call center representative within your
province. You will also have some activities that will align your competencies with
those of successful practitioners. Moreover, this module will stimulate your mind to
think about entrepreneurship and its role in the business community, as well as in the
economic and social development.
To start with this module, let us first understand entrepreneurs and

entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs are people with skills and capabilities to see and evaluate
business opportunities. They are individuals that can strategically identify products or
services needed by the community and they have the capacity to deliver these at the
right time and at the right place.
Entrepreneurs are agent of economic change; they organize, manage and

assume risks of a business. Aside from being hardworking and persevering, a good
entrepreneur is an opportunity seeker, risk taker, goal setter, excellent planner, a
confident problem solver, hardworking, persistent and a committed worker.
Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is not just a simple business activity. It is a

strategic process of innovation and new venture creation. Basically, entrepreneurship
is both an art and science of converting business ideas into marketable products or
services to improve the quality of living.
Now that you have background knowledge about entrepreneurs and

entrepreneurship, can you now walk through in assessing your PECs? Always
remember that “Successful entrepreneurs continuously develop and improve their
PECs.”
1
To begin with, let us first try to find out the competencies you will master as you
finish this module.
Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• identify areas for improvement, development and growth;
• align your PECs according to your business or career choice; and
• create a plan of action that ensures success in your business or career
choice.
Now that you have an idea about the enabling knowledge and skills that you
will develop and master, take the first challenge in this module – the pre-assessment.
DRAFT
2
Pre-Assessment
As part of your initial activity, you will be challenged to dig deeper
on your knowledge and previous experiences on the topic. Try to diagnose
or assess what you already know about PECs by answering Task 1.
Task 1: Matching Type

Directions: Match the entrepreneurial competencies in column A with their meaning
in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A B
____1. Creative A. making wise decision towards the set objectives
____2. Profit-oriented B. thinks strategically and sets of goals
____3. Disciplined C. trusts in one’s ability
____4. Makes sound descision D. adapts easily
____5. Possesses people skill E. innovates to have edge over other competitors
____6. Plans excellently F. manifests solid dedication
____7. Confident G. keeps record efficiently
____8. Hardworking H. sticks to the plan
____9. Accepts and adjusts to I. works diligently
changes J. communicates and relates to people
____10. Committed effectively and efficiently
DRAFT
K. always looking for income
Task 2: Guide Questions

Directions: The following are guide questions which encapsulate the entire module.
Write your answers on your assignment notebook, then share these to the class.
A. Explain why entrepreneurial activities are important to social development and

progress of the economy.
B. What entrepreneurial activities do you know and capable of doing which are
related to Refrigeration and Air-conditioning?
C. Given the opportunity to own a business that relates with Refrigeration and Air-
conditioning, will you be confident to manage it? Explain your answer.
D. What do you think are the most important competencies you must possess in
order to be successful in running your chosen business?
E. Name successful entrepreneurs from your province whose business is related
to Refrigeration and Air-conditioning. Be able to share to the class their PECs
that made them successful.
After answering all the guide questions to the best of your knowledge
and skills, share those with your classmates. You may also compare your
insights, personal knowledge, and relevant experiences on the topic to make it
more exciting and engaging.
3
Learning Goals and Targets
After understanding the objectives of this module, having gone through pre-
assessment, and answering the guide questions, you will be asked to set your own
personal goals and targets. These goals and targets will trigger you to further achieve
the ultimate objective of this module. In the end, these ultimate goals will motivate you
to learn more about PECs.
Figure 1: Strategic process to achieve the objectives of this module
Reading Resources and Instructional Activities

After setting your own personal goals and targets in achieving the objectives
of this module, check your inherent knowledge of PECs. Answer the following guide
questions with the help of your classmates.
Task 3: Group Activity
DRAFT
Directions: Answer the following guide questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Share your answers to the class.
1. Explain the importance of assessing one’s PECs before engaging in a particular

entrepreneurial activity.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
2. What other strategies or approaches can you use to assess your PECs?
Explain how those strategies will become more useful in selecting a viable
business venture.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
3. What are the desirable personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills and
traits of a prospective entrepreneur? Why are these important?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
4
4. Why is there a need to assess one’s PECs in terms of characteristics, attributes,
lifestyles, skills and traits before starting a particular business?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
5. What is the significance of evaluating PECs of a successful entrepreneur?

What helpful insights can you draw from this activity?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
How was your experience in answering the guide questions with your
classmates? Were you able to benefit from them? What were the insights you have
realized?
This time you’re going to study the different topics that will enrich your knowledge
of PECs. Read carefully all the important details about the succeeding topic.
DRAFTAssessment of Personal Entrepreneurial

Competencies (PECs) and Skills vis-à-vis a
Practicing Entrepreneur or Employee in a
Province
Entrepreneurial competencies refer to the important characteristics that should
be possessed by an individual in order to perform entrepreneurial functions effectively.
In this module, you will learn some of the most important characteristics, attributes,
lifestyle, skills and traits of a successful entrepreneur in order to be successful in a
chosen career.
Below are few important characteristics / traits / attributes of a good entrepreneur:
• Hardworking: One of the important characteristics of a good entrepreneur

is hardworking. This means habitually working diligently towards a set goal
even for a long period of time. Hardworking people keep on improving their
performance to produce good products and/or provide good services.
• Confident: Good entrepreneurs trust their skills ability and own judgment.
They exhibit self-confidence in managing all the risks of operating their own
business.
• Disciplined: Successful entrepreneurs always stick to the plan and resist

the temptation to do what is unimportant.
5
• Committed: A good entrepreneur accepts full responsibility of everything in
his business. He gives full commitment and solid dedication to make the
business successful.
• Ability to Accept Change: Nothing is permanent except change. Change

occurs frequently. An entrepreneur should cope up with and thrive through
changes. He should capitalize on positive changes to make his business
grow.
• Creative: An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to stay in the

business and in order to have an edge over the other competitors.
• Has the Initiative: An entrepreneur takes the initiative. He sets a vision for
the company and creates possibilities for new ideas. He is responsible for
the failure or success of his business.
• Profit-Oriented: An entrepreneur enters into the world of business to

generate profit or additional income. He sees to it that the business will be
able to generate income.
Listed below are the important skills of a successful entrepreneur:
DRAFT
• Excellent Planner: Planning is strategic thinking and setting of goals towards
achieving objectives by carefully maximizing all the available resources.
A good entrepreneur develops and applies step-by-step plans to realize
goals. A good entrepreneur knows that planning is an effective skill only
when combined with action.
• Possesses People Skills: People skills are very important skill in order
to be successful in any kind of business. People skills refer to effective
and efficient communication and relation to people working in and out of
his business. In day-to-day business transactions, he needs to deal with
people. A well-developed people skill can spell out the difference between
success and failure of the business.
• Sound Decision Maker: Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to think

quickly and to make a wise decision towards pre-determined set objectives.
No one can deny that the ability to make wise decisions is an important skill
that an entrepreneur should possess. Sound decision should spring out
from given facts and information and should be towards the pre-determined
objectives.
In order to firm up what you have learned and to have a better

appreciation of the different entrepreneurial competencies, read the
PECs checklist presented below, then answer the same.
6
Task 4: PECs Checklist
Directions: Using the PECs checklist, assess yourself by indicating a check ( ) mark
in either strengths or development areas column. Interpret the results by counting the
total number of check marks in each of the columns. After accomplishing the checklist,
form a group and share your insights and experiences based on your personal
assessment.
Table 1: PECs Checklist

Personal Assessment in
terms of:
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies of an
Entrepreneur Development
Strengths
Areas
Hardworking (works diligently towards a goal)

Confident (trusts in one’s skills and ability)
Disciplined (always sticking to the plan)
Committed (manifests solid dedication)
Adaptable (ability to accept and manage changes)
Creative (innovative to have an edge over other
DRAFT
competitors)
Profit-oriented (always looking for opportunities for
income)
Excellent Planner (thinks strategically and sets goals)
Possess People Skill (communicates effectively with

people in a friendly and business-like manner)
Sound Decision Maker (makes wise decision towards
the set objectives)
TOTAL
Interpretation or Insight:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________.
How was your experience in discovering your strengths and the

areas to be developed? Did you gain valuable experience in exchanging insights with
your classmates? To learn more and deepen your understanding of PECs, do Task 5
below.
7
Task 5: Interview
Directions: Interview a successful telemarketing or call center representative or
entrepreneur in your province whose type of business is related with Refrigeration and
Air-conditioning. Focus your interview on PECs and other business-related attributes
that helped them become successful. Analyze the result of the interview and reflect
on the similarities and/or differences. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Sample Interview Guide
Name of Proprietor/Practitioner: _________________________________________
Age: _______________ Number of Years in Business: _______________________
Business Name: _____________________________________________________
Business Address: ___________________________________________________
1. What are your preparations before you engaged in this type of business or job?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
DRAFT
____________________________________________________
2. What are your special skills and characteristics that are related with your
business or job?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. How did you solve business-related problems during the early years of your
business operation?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. Did you follow the tips from a successful businessman or practitioner before
you engaged in your business?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
8
5. What are your best business practices that you can share with aspiring
entrepreneurs?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. What are the salient characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits that
made you successful in your business or job?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Note: Take the needed information from the interview to supply answer/s to
Row 1 in the table below. Fill out the second row with your PECs.
Personal
Entrepreneurial Characteristics Attributes Lifestyles Skills Traits
Competencies
DRAFT
Successful
Entrepreneur in
the province
My PECs
Using the information on the table above, analyze and reflect on the
similarities and differences in your answers. Put your reflection on the table
below. Write your conclusion on the space provided.
Personal
Entrepreneurial Similarities Differences
Competencies
Characteristics
Attributes
Lifestyles
Skills
Traits
9
Conclusion:
_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.
After performing the activities on the importance of PECs, let’s

determine how much you have learned. Perform Task 6 to determine how
well you have understood the lesson.
Task 6: Preparation of a Plan of Action

Directions: Using the table below and the information generated from Task 5
(Interview), prepare an action plan that indicates how you would align your PECs to
the PECs with a successful entrepreneur in Refrigeration and Air-conditioning in your
province.
DRAFT
Objective Area Activities Strategies Time Expected
Frame Outcome
To align my
Characteristics
PECs with
the PECs of Skills
a successful
entrepreneur
Attribute
in
Refrigeration
and Air- Traits
conditioning
Task 7: Essential Questions

Directions: Read and study the following questions below. You may use a separate
sheet of paper or your notebook to write your answers.
1. Why is there a need to compare and align one’s PECs with the PECs of a
successful entrepreneur?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
10
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________.
2. How does your action plan help sustain your strong PECs and/or address your
development areas?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________.
3. What plan of action would you do to address your development areas?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
DRAFT
__________________________________.
11
ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET (EM)
Content Standards Performance Standards
The learner demonstrates The learner independently creates
understanding of environment and a business vicinity map reflective of
market in Refrigeration and Air- potential market in Refrigeration and Air-
conditioning in one’s province. conditioning in a province.
Time Allotment: 4 hours
Module 2
Environment and Market
Introduction
People who aspire to start a business need to explore the economic, cultural
and social conditions prevailing in an area. Needs and wants of the people in a certain
area that are not met may be considered as business opportunities. Identifying the
DRAFT
needs of the community, its resources, available raw materials, skills, and appropriate
technology can help a new entrepreneur in seizing a business opportunity.
To be successful in any kind of business venture, potential entrepreneurs

should always look closely at the environment and market. They should always be
watchful on the existing opportunities and constraints as well as spirited enough to
take calculated risks. The opportunities in the business environment are those factors
that provide possibilities for a business to expand and make more profits. Constraints,
on the other hand, are those factors that limit the business to grow, hence reduce the
chance of generating profit. One of the best ways to evaluate the opportunities and
constraints is to conduct Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)
Analysis.
SWOT Analysis is a managerial tool to assess the environment. This gathers

important information which in turn is used in strategic planning. Strengths and
weaknesses are internal in an organization. Basically, they relate to resources owned
by organization, things that you have control over and as well as to the extent of its
marketing.
Opportunities and threats exist in the external environment. Opportunities relate

to the market, to the development of new technologies, and external factors such as
government policies, climate, and trends. Threats relate to what the competition is
doing as well as legal and other constraints.
Now that you have read some important considerations to consider to be

successful in any business, you are ready to explore more about the environment and
market.
12
To begin with, let’s find out the competencies that you will master as you finish
this module.
Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• identify what is of “value” to the customer;

• identify the customer to sell to;
• explain what makes a product unique and competitive;
• apply creativity and innovative techniques to develop marketable product; and
• employ a unique selling proposition (USP) to the product and/or service.
Now that you have an idea about the things you will learn, take the first challenge
in this module – the pre-assessment.
Pre-Assessment
Task 1: Multiple-Choice
DRAFT
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. This is generated by examining the goods and services sold in the

community.
A. business creation C. business concept
B. business pricing D. business idea
2. A process of making a new product to be sold to the customers.
A. product analysis C. product development
B. product conceptualization D. product implementation
3. These are luxuries, advantages and desires that every individual considers
beyond necessary.
A. wants C. requirements
B. desires D. needs
4. This is the factor or consideration presented by a seller as the reason that
one product or service is better than that of the competition.
A. unique selling plan C. unique pricing policy
B. unique selling proposition D. finding value-added
5. In this stage, the needs of the target market are identified, reviewed and
evaluated.
A. concept development C. project development
B. economic analysis D. refine specification
13
6. This is the introduction of new ideas to make the product and services
more attractive and saleable to the target customers.
A. new idea C. product development
B. creativity D. innovation
7. A managerial tool used to assess the environment and to gather important
information that can be used for strategic planning.
A. environmental scanning C. WOTS Analysis
B. SWOT Analysis D. survey analysis
8. A marketing practice of creating name, symbol or designs that identifies
and differentiates a product from the other products.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
9. This is a meaningful and unforgettable statement that captures the essence
of the brand.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
10. These are the things that people cannot live without.
A. wants C. requirements
B. desires D. needs
Task 2: Guide Questions:
DRAFT
Directions: Read and study the guide questions below. Use a separate sheet of
paper to write your answer.
1. How does one determine the product or services to be produced and/

or to be offered or delivered to the target customers?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3. When can one say that a certain product has “value”?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
4. Is innovation and creativity to your product or services important? Why?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
14
5. How can one effectively respond to the needs of the target customer?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
6. Express from the viewpoint of business owner the importance of scanning

the environment and market in generating business ideas.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
7. Using self-assessment, explain your level of confidence in formulating a

business idea.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
After all the guide questions have been answered and skills have
been mastered, share those with your classmates. Discuss your insights,
DRAFT
personal knowledge of, and relevant experiences on the topic to make it more
exciting and engaging.
Learning Goals and Target

After reading and understanding the objectives of this module and having gone
through the pre-assessment and guide questions, you will be asked to set your own
personal goals. These goals will trigger you to further achieve the ultimate objective of
this module. In the end, these goals will motivate you to learn more about Environment
and Market.
Figure 2: Strategic process to reach the objectives of this module
Reading Resources and Instructional Activities

After setting your own personal goals and targets in achieving the objectives of
this module, you will have the opportunity to read and learn more about environment
and market. You will also be given a chance to do practical exercises and activities to
deepen your understanding of the topic.
15
Product Development
When we talk of product development, we are referring to a process of making
a new product to be sold by a business or enterprise to its customers. Product
development may involve modification of an existing product or its presentation, or
formulation of an entirely new product that satisfies a newly defined customer’s needs,
wants and/or a market place.
The term development in this module refers collectively to the entire process of
identifying a market opportunity; creating a product to appeal to the identified market;
and testing, modifying and refining the product until it becomes ready for production.
There are basic yet vital questions that you can ask yourself about product
development. When you find acceptable answers to these, you may now say that you
are ready to develop a product and/or render services.
These questions include the following:
1. For whom are the product/services?
DRAFT
2. What benefit can the customers expect from it?
3. How will the product/service differ from the existing brand? From its
competitor?
Likewise, needs and wants of the people within an area should also be taken
into big consideration. Everyone has his own needs and wants. However, everyone
has different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important things
that every individual cannot live without in a society. These include:
1. basic commodities for consumption;

2. clothing and other personal belongings;
3. shelter, sanitation and health; and
4. education.
Basic needs are essential to an individual to live with dignity and pride in
a community. These needs can obviously help you generate business ideas and
subsequently towards product development.
Wants are desires, luxury, and extravagance that signify wealth and expensive
way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic necessities of life.
Some examples of wants or desires are: fashion accessories; expensive shoes and
clothes; travelling around the world; eating in an expensive restaurant; watching
movies, concerts; having luxurious cars; wearing expensive jewelries and perfume;
living in impressive homes, among others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of business that
you may engage into because it can serve as the measure of your success. Some
16
other good points that might be considered in business undertakings are the kind of
people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and tradition, and social orientation that
they belong to.
To summarize, product development entirely depends on the needs and wants

of the customers. Another important issue to deal with is the key concepts in developing
a product. The succeeding topic shall enlighten you about the procedure in coming up
with a product.
Concepts of Developing a Product

Concept development is a critical phase in the development of a product. In
this stage, the needs of the target market are identified and competitive products
are reviewed before the product specifications are defined. The product concept is
selected along with an economic analysis to come up with an outline of how a product
is being developed. Figure 3 shows the stages of concept development of a product.
DRAFT
Figure 3: Stages of Concept Development
The process of product development has the following stages:
1. Identify Customer Needs: Using survey forms, interviews, researches,

focus group discussions, and observations, an entrepreneur can easily
identify customers’ needs and wants. In this stage, the information that can
be possibly gathered are product specifications (performance, taste, size,
color, shape, life span of the product, etc.). This stage is very important
because this would determine the product to be produced or provided.
2. Establish Target Specifications: Based on customers’ needs and reviews

of competitive products, you may now establish target specifications of
the prospective new product and/or services. Target specifications are
17
essentially a wish-list.
3. Analyze Competitive Products: It is imperative to analyze existing competitive

products to provide important information in establishing product or service
specifications. Other products may exhibit successful design attributes that
should be emulated or improved in the new product or service.
4. Generate Product Concepts: After having gone through with the previous
processes, you may now develop a number of product concepts to illustrate
the types of products or services are both technically feasible and would
best meet the requirements of the target specifications.
5. Select a Product Concept: Through the process of evaluation between

attributes, a final concept is selected. After the final selection, additional
market research can be applied to obtain feedback from key customers.
6. Refine Product Specifications: In this stage, product or services

specifications are refined on the basis of input from the foregoing activities.
Final specifications are the result of extensive study, expected service life,
projected selling price and among others are being considered in this stage.
DRAFT
7. Perform Economic Analysis: Throughout the process of product
development, it is very important to always review and estimate the
economic implications regarding development expenses, manufacturing
costs, and selling price of the product or services to be offered or provided.
8. Plan the Remaining Development Project: In this final stage of concept

development, you may prepare a detailed development plan which includes
list of activities, necessary resources and expenses, and development
schedule with milestones for tracking progress.
Finding Value
People buy for a reason. There should be something in your product or service
that would give consumers a good reason to go back and buy for more. There must
be something that will make your product the best option for your target customers;
otherwise they have no reason to buy what you’re selling. This simply emphasizes
that you offer something to your customers that will make them value or treasure your
product or service.
The value that you incorporate to your product is called value proposition.
Value proposition is “a believable collection of the most persuasive reasons why
people should notice you and take the action you’re asking for.” Value is created by
fulfilling deep desires and solving deep problems. This is what gets people moving,
what people gets in spending for your product or service.
18
Innovation
Innovation is the introduction of something new in your product or service. This
may be a new idea, a new method or a new device. If you want to increase your sales
and profit, you must innovate. Some of the possible innovations for your products are
change of packaging, improvement of taste, color, size, shape and perhaps price.
Some of the possible innovations in providing services are application of new improved
methods, additional featured services and possibly freebees.
Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

Unique Selling Proposition is the factor or consideration presented by a
seller as the reason that one product or service is different from and better than
that of the competition. Before you can begin to sell your product or service
to your target customers, you have to sell yourself on it. This is especially
important when your product or service is similar to those around you.
USP would require careful analysis of other businesses’ ads and marketing
messages. If you analyze what they say or what they sell, not just their product or
service characteristics, you can learn a great deal about how companies distinguish
themselves from competitors.
Here’s how to discover your USP and how to use it to increase your sales and
DRAFT
profit:
• Use empathy: Put yourself in the shoes of your customers. Always focus on the
needs of the target customers and forget falling in love with your own product
or service. Always remember, you are making/providing this product
not for yourself but for the target customers to eventually increase sales and
earn profit. Essential question such as what could make them come back again
and ignore competition, should be asked to oneself. Most possible answers
may be focused on quality, availability, convenience, cleanliness, and reliability
of the product or service.
• Identify Customer’s Desires. It is very important for you to understand and

find out what drives and motivates your customers to buy your product or
service. Make some efforts to find out, analyze and utilize the information what
motivates the customers in their decisions to purchase the product or service.
• Discover customer’s genuine reasons for buying the product. Information is

very important in decision making. A competitive entrepreneur always improve
their products or services to provide satisfaction and of course retention of
customers. As your business grows, you should always consider the process
of asking your customers important information and questions that you can use
to improve your product or service.
19
In order to firm up your understanding of the topic previously
presented, you will be tasked to form a group and conduct an interview
with a successful entrepreneur or practitioner. You have to document this interview
and present this to the whole class for reflection and appreciation.
Task 3: Interview
Directions: Select a successful entrepreneur or practitioner. Conduct an interview
using the set of questions below. Document the interview and present it to the class.
1. How did you identify your customers?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. What were your considerations in selecting your customers?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
DRAFT
3. Explain how your product or service is unique compared to other products.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Did you consult somebody before you engaged in this business? Cite
sample insights that you gained from the consultation.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5. What were your preparations before you started the actual business?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
6. What creative and innovative techniques did you adopt for your product or
service? What was the effect of the innovative techniques to the sales and
profits of your business?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
20
7. What strategy did you consider to have a unique selling proposition to your
product or service?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Task 4: Video Viewing

Directions: In order to deepen your understanding of the lesson, perform the following
tasks:
1. Browse the internet and view the topics related to:

a. customers’ needs and wants
b. techniques in identifying customers’ needs and wants
c. creativity or innovations in products and services
d. unique selling proposition
DRAFT
e. product development
2. Prepare a short narrative report about the aforementioned topics. You
may highlight the “aspect” that intensifies your knowledge of product
development.
Task 5: Product Conceptualization

Directions: Using the space and figures below, develop your own concept for your
product or service. Utilize bullets in every stage of product conceptualization in listing
important key ideas.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
21
DRAFT
Generating Ideas for Business
The process of developing and generating business idea is not a simple process.
Some people just come up to a bunch of business ideas that are not really feasible.
There are two problems that arise; first is the excessive generation of ideas that can
forever remain as dreaming stage and the second is when they don’t have ideas and
don’t want to become entrepreneurs.
The most optimal way is to have a systematic approach in generating and

selecting a business idea that will be transformed into real business. Here are some
basic and very important considerations that may be used to generate possible ideas
for business:
1. Examine existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with the product?
What do other people who use the product say about it? How can it be
improved? There are many ways of improving a product from the way it is
made to the way it is packed and sold. You can also improve the materials
used in crafting the product. In addition, you can introduce new ways of
using the product, making it more useful and adaptable to the customers’
many needs. Whenever you are improving the product or enhancing it, you
22
are doing an innovation. You can also do an innovation by introducing an
entirely new product to replace the old one.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and

services are sold outside the community. Very often, these products are
sold in a form that can still be enhanced or improved.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look and listen to what the
customers, institutions, and communities are missing in terms of goods
and services. Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and felt at
the moment. Other needs are not that obvious because they can only
be felt in the future, along with future developments in the community.
For example, a province will have its electrification facility in the next six
months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur could think of electrically-
powered or generated business such as photo copier, computer service,
digital printing, etc.
3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products and
services are referred to as market demand. To satisfy these needs is to
supply the products and services that meet the demands of the market.
The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products or services,
and these may be people or institutions such as other businesses,
DRAFT
establishments, organizations, or government agencies.
There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely no

supply to a pressing market demand.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and
services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other services
such as selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for business.
4. Examine the available resources around you. Observe what materials or

skills are available in abundance in your area. A business can be started
out of available raw materials by selling them in raw form and by processing
and manufacturing them into finished products. For example, in a copra-
producing town, there will be many coconut husks and shells available
as “waste” products. These can be collected and made into coco rags or
doormat and charcoal bricks and sold profitably outside the community.
A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills

that can be harnessed for business. One good example is the women
in the Mountain Province who possess excellent loom weaving skills that
have been passed on from one generation to another. To set up weaving
businesses to produce blankets, decorative and various souvenir items for
sale to tourists and lowland communities is a profitable business.
23
Business ideas can also come from your own skills. The work and experience
you may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, and ICT
classes will provide you with business ideas should you decide to engage in
income-generating activities. With your skills, you may also tinker around
with various things in your spare time. Many products were invented this
way.
5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new products

and techniques or advances in technology. You can pick up new business
ideas from magazines such as Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business
Magazines, “Go Negosyo”, Know About Business (KAB) materials, and
Small-Industry Journal. The Internet also serves as a library where you
may browse and surf on possible businesses. It will also guide you on how
to put the right product in the right place, at the right price, and at the right
time.
Key Concepts in Selecting Business Ideas

Once you have embarked on identifying business opportunities, you will
eventually see that there are many possibilities that are available for you. It is very
unlikely that you will have enough resources to pursue all of them at once.
DRAFT
You have to select the most promising one among hundreds of ideas. It will
be good to do this in stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas to narrow them
down to about few choices. In the next stage, trim down the choices to two options.
In the final stage, choose between the two and decide which business idea is worth
pursuing.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the following guide
questions:
1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?

2. Where should the business be located?
3. How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need this product
and will continue to need it for a long time?
4. How is the demand being met? Who are processing the products to meet
the needs (competition or demand)? How much of the need is now being
met (supply)?
5. Do you have the background and experiences needed to run this particular
business?
6. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or foreseeable
government regulation?
7. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which ones among
your many ideas are worth examining further and worth pursuing.
24
Branding
Branding is a marketing practice of creating name, symbol or design that
identifies and differentiates product or services from the rest. It is also a promise to
your customers. It tells them what they can expect from your product or service and
it differentiates your offerings from other competitors. Your brand is derived from who
you are, who you want to be and what people perceive you to be.
Branding is one of the most important aspects in any business. An effective

brand strategy gives you an edge in highly competitive markets.
The features of a good product brand are as follows:
-- Delivers the message clearly

-- Confirms your credibility
-- Connects your target prospects emotionally
-- Motivates the buyer
-- Concretizes user loyalty
Here are some simple tips to publicize your brand:
• Develop a tagline. Write a meaningful, unforgettable, and easy to

remember statement that captures the essence of your brand.
DRAFT
• Get a great logo. Create a logo suitable to your business and consistent
with your tagline and place it everywhere.
• Write down your brand messaging. Select key messages you want to
communicate about your brand.
• Be true to your brand. Deliver your brand promise.
• Be consistent. Be reliable and consistent every time.
In generating business idea, you should first identify what type of business is
suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the potential environment,
study the marketing practices and strategies of your competitors, analyze the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and the threats in your environment to ensure that the
products or services you are planning to offer will be patronized within the easy reach
by your target consumers.
Bear in mind these simple rules for successful SWOT Analysis:
• Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when

conducting SWOT Analysis.
• SWOT Analysis should distinguish between where your business is
today, and where it could be in the future.
• SWOT Analysis should always be specific. Avoid any grey areas.
• Always apply SWOT Analysis in relation to your competition (i.e. better
than or worse than your competition).
• Keep your SWOT Analysis short and simple. Avoid complexity and over
analysis.
• Remember that SWOT Analysis is subjective.
25
Task 6: SWOT Analysis
Directions: Utilize the SWOT Analysis table below to list down all your
observations for your business idea. Categorize your observations
according to strengths, weakness, opportunities and treats. After carefully listing them
down, use the stated strategies to come up with a sound analysis, activities and best
business idea.
Strength (S) Weaknesses (W)
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Opportunities (O) Threats (T)
DRAFT
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Strategies:
• SW - Maximize on the strengths to overcome the internal weakness.

• OW - Capitalize on the opportunities to eliminate the internal weakness.
• ST - Maximize on your strengths to eliminate the external threats.
• OT - Take advantage of the available opportunities to eliminate the external
threats.
Analysis:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
26
Activities:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
My Best Business Idea:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
In order to deepen your understanding of the topics previously

discussed, you will be asked to perform the following activities:
Task 7: Extra Readings and Video Viewing
DRAFT
Reading books and watching videos have been considered as some of the
most effective educational activities that can help learners deepen their understanding
on a certain topic. In this particular task, you will be asked to conduct extra readings
and video viewings in the Internet on the following topics:
A. Steps in selecting business idea

B. Criteria of a viable business idea
C. Benefits of a good brand
D. Ways on developing a brand
After successfully performing the assigned task, make a narrative report about
it and share it to the class.
Task 8: Making My Own Logo
Directions: Using the box provided below, draw a logo that you will use in your
business; Provide a simple narrative to describe your logo and its relevance to your
proposed business.
27
DRAFT
C. PROCESS AND DELIVERY
Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding The learner independently demonstrates
of basic principles of electricity and core competencies in RAC servicing
mechanical aspects of refrigeration and as prescribed in the TESDA Training
air-conditioning unit. Regulation
Quarter 1 Time Allotment: 36 Hours
LESSON 1: INSTALL DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION AND

AIR-CONDITIONING UNIT.
INTRODUCTION:
This quarter contains information that is necessary to prepare the learners
for today’s world of work. Included in this quarter is the clamp-on ammeter, its parts
and the procedure for measuring alternating current. The AC Voltmeter is likewise
discussed to ensure that the learners consider the procedure for using the latter as
well as its precautions.
Heat, comfortable temperature, and heat transfer from the human body are
also discussed to serve as valuable guide for the learners while inspecting the air-
conditioning unit based on specifications. The instruments used in measuring air
temperature are similarly included to guarantee that the learners will be able to use a
scientific approach in testing and maintenance of air-conditioning unit.
28
LO 4: Conduct Performance Test on the Installation of Window
Type Aircon
• Check voltage and current according to unit specifications.
• Check air temperature and velocity based on unit specifications.
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the best answer. Write
your answer on a separate answer sheet.
1. What is the instrument used to measure alternating current?

a. Gauge Manifold
b. Volt Meter
c. Clamp Ammeter
d. Velometer
2. Which of the following makes the surface feel cooler because of rapid
evaporation?
a. Wet air
b. Dry air
c. Cold air
DRAFT
d. Hot air
3. When the air moves too fast, we feel_____.

a. comfortable
b. uncomfortable
c. cold
d. sick
4. Which of the following uses a flexible telescoping probe?

a. Anemometer (Hot Wire)
b. Anemometer (Rotating)
c. Swinging Vane
d. Thermometer
5. What is the instrument that measures temperature with the help of a wick
attached to it?
a. Dry Bulb Thermometer
b. Wet Bulb Thermometer
c. Swinging Vane
d. Anemometer
29
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Clamp-on Ammeter
A Clamp-on ammeter is an alternating-current measuring instrument. It is
commonly used in measuring current flowing through motors. Its resistance is low,
and it is usually connected in series in a circuit. Since refrigerators and window-
type air-conditioning units operate using motors, it is important for us to learn how
to use this. An analog type of ammeter is most commonly used in refrigeration and
air-conditioning although digital ammeters are also available. The difference between
the two is, the data in an analog ammeter is displayed using mechanical visual
representation (movement of the indicator pointer) while digital ammeter displays the
data by numerical representation (digits).
When the instrument is clamped on one of the conductors in a power line, it

generates the current reading. How does this happen?
We know that the magnetic field is directly proportional to the current. When
the current passing through a conductor increases, so does the magnetic field. This
magnetic field is sensed by the clamp and converted into electrical energy. This
electrical energy will be amplified to be able to drive a meter coil for analogue tester.
DRAFT
Simple representation of digital clamp ammeter operation
30
DRAFT
Parts of Digital Clamp-on Ammeter

1. Current Sensing Clamp 5. Voltage Terminal (Jack)
2. Range Selector 6. Common Terminal (Jack)
3. Range Selection 7. Ohm Meter Terminal (Jack)
4. Test Probe 8. LCD Display
31
ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1
Procedure for Measuring Alternating Current
1. Power on the clamp ammeter and the unit to be measured.
2. Clamp the meter onto one of the power lines of the unit to be
measured. Do not split the cord of the unit to be measured.
Use a service cord (a form of extension cord wherein the
two wires of the cable are split) for this activity.
3. Release the clamp, and then read the result from the
display. In places where it is hard to read from the display,
activate the data lock to store reading in the display. After
storing the data, you can now remove the ammeter then
read the display.
Note: The procedure is very simple with an analog ammeter. Simply select the range
that is suitable to the unit to be measured. When checking if a ¼ horsepower motor
compressor is consuming enough electricity, check its current consumption in the
DRAFT
name plate and select the corresponding range in the selection range. For example,
a 6 ampere range is enough for a motor compressor as small as ¼ horsepower. After
selecting the correct range, clamp the ammeter on either line 1 or line 2 (power line).
Observe the deflection of the pointer and push the lock to secure the position of the
indicator pointer. Take note of the reading then remove the ammeter.
SELF-CHECK 1.1
Open Ended Statement
Directions: Give your response to the questions in each box by completing the
sentence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
32
SELF-CHECK 1.2
Identifying the Parts of a Clamp-on Ammeter
Directions: Label the parts of a digital clamp ammeter.
DRAFT
33
Using an AC Voltmeter
A Voltmeter is an instrument used in
measuring the supply voltage in a power source. It
has analog and digital type just like the ammeter.
The commonly used is the analog type. The
multi-meter can measure both Alternating Current
Voltage and Direct Current Voltage.
Since most of our activities are for AC

voltage measurement, we will be focusing our
discussion on the AC source.
The AC voltmeter works by taking the potential difference between line 1 and
line 2 of the voltage source. A resistor is connected in series with the coil of the meter
to limit the voltage of the signal flowing into it. This signal will now be converted into a
mechanical movement which displays the voltage reading.
Precautions in Using a Voltmeter
DRAFT
1. In measuring voltage in a circuit, make sure that the circuit has power.
2. In measuring unknown voltage, set the range of the voltmeter to the highest
range setting to avoid damage on the meter in case the source is higher
than the set range.
3. In measuring known voltages, set the voltmeter range a little bit higher than
the voltage source for accurate measurement.
4. Do not touch the metallic part of the multi-tester’s probe or the bared
metal part of the terminal being tested while measuring voltage to avoid
electrocution.
5. Avoid making the tips of the two test probe touch while measuring the
voltage.
6. The meter reading should not exceed the selected voltage. For example,
if you select 250 V range, the meter reading should not exceed 250 V AC.
ACTIVITY SHEET 1.2

Measuring Voltage
Procedure:
We can measure voltage by following these steps.
1. Set the appropriate voltmeter range (a little bit higher than the source for
known voltage, highest range for unknown voltage).
2. Connect the test probe to the terminal of the source. In case the pointer
exceeds the scale of the meter, remove the probe from connection
immediately then set the range to the higher setting.
34
3. Make sure that the tips of the test probe will not have any contact with each
other.
4. Do not hold the metallic part of the test probe to avoid electrocution.
5. Take note of the meter reading. This will be the final reading
Note: The meter reading should not exceed the voltage range selected.
SELF-CHECK 1.2
Directions: Read the following statements and write the word TRUE if your answer is
true or the word FALSE if your answer is false. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
__________1. Setting the range of the voltmeter to the highest range will prevent
damaging the unit when measuring an unknown voltage.
__________2. If the voltage is 220 volts, it is safe to set the range of the voltmeter to
exactly 220 volts while checking the voltage source.
__________3. Avoiding direct contact with the metallic part of the multi-meter probe
will prevent electrocution.
DRAFT
__________4. The AC voltmeter works by making the potential difference between
Line 1 and Line 2 of the voltage source.
__________5. When checking a convenience outlet in an ordinary household, the

voltage reading can exceed 250 volts.

Air-conditioning and the Human Body
Introduction
A man or a woman doing light work feels comfortable at 23°C to 27°C in a
controlled environment. This is what we call operative temperature. Comfort to the
human body can only be attained if the temperature, relative humidity, and air motion
are controlled. Temperature is the most important key factor; studies reveal that high
relative humidity can slow down heat rejection by evaporation and low relative humidity
speeds it up. Air motion, on the other hand, should be strong enough to remove heat
and moisture but gentle enough to be ignored. These are the factors to consider in
reaching the desired level of conditioned air in the process called air-conditioning.
Heat
The rise and fall of temperature is determined by the rapid movement of the
atom. As the atom moves rapidly, the temperature of a substance increases, and when
the atom slows down, the temperature of a substance drops. The increase in the
temperature of a substance is what we call heat. When the atom stops moving, heat
35
is removed, and that is what we call absolute zero temperature (lowest temperature
possible).
The presence or absence of heat greatly affects most substances in two ways;
(1) Addition of heat to a substance causes substance to expand (2) Removal of heat
from a substance causes substance to contract. For instance, if we add heat to water,
the water turns into gas (its atom expands), but when heat is removed, the water turns
into ice (its atom contracts).
Heat is the thermal energy multiplied by the number of atoms (mass). For
instance, a copper tube whose weight is 200 grams, heated at 800°C does not contain
as much heat as 8 kilogram of copper tube heated at 120°C. The copper tube whose
weight is 8 kilograms has a higher level of heat and its intensity is higher.
Sensible Heat
It is defined as the warming of the inhaled air where metabolic heat generated
inside our body is dissipated to the environment through the skin and lungs by
convection at a 30 % rate and radiation at a 70 % rate.
Sensible heat loss from the skin is determined by the temperature of the skin,
the environment, and the surrounding surfaces as well as the air motion.
DRAFT
Latent Heat
It is the metabolic heat generated in the body that is dissipated to the environment
through the skin by evaporation. It is represented by the heat of vaporization of water
as it evaporates in the lungs and on the skin by absorbing body heat and then it is
released as the moisture condenses on cold surfaces.
Latent heat loss depends on the skin wittedness (measure of the amount of
moisture on the skin) and the relative humidity of the environment.
ACTIVITY SHEET 1.3

Grafitti Fact
Steps to Follow:
1. Group yourselves into five.

2. Write all the things that the class knows about the topic of study.
3. Write your responses on the board using the note you have jotted down.
You will ask questions about what is written on the board individually.
4. After writing your responses, proceed to your group brainstorming and fill
out the three large posts of the K-W-L chart.
36
SELF-CHECK 1.3
Directions: Read and complete the following statements on a separate answer sheet.
1. I changed my attitude about ____________________________________

_____________________________________________________
DRAFT
2. I became more aware of _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3. I was surprised about _________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. I felt _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5. I related to __________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Temperature
The measure of the speed of motion of the atom is called temperature. It
indicates the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance. The thermometer is
the instrument used in measuring the temperature of a substance including air. In
measuring its temperature, there are two commonly used thermometers. They are (1)
the dry bulb thermometer where the sensitive element of the thermometer is exposed
to dry condition, and (2) the wet bulb thermometer where a moist cotton wick (strip
of porous material) is placed over the thermometer bulb. As moisture from the wicks
evaporates, the thermometer readings will become lower; this temperature is what
we call the wet bulb temperature. It measures the degree of cooling that happens as
moisture dries up from the surface a process known as evaporative cooling.
37
Fig. 1-1. Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb. Air temperature is measured with either a dry
bulb thermometer or a room thermometer or a wet bulb thermometer that is
considerably lower than the dry bulb.
Air Temperature
A great deal of temperature directly affects human comfort and health.
Temperature and humidity controls are the key factors to feel comfortable inside an air-
conditioned space. Air temperature is directly proportional to the amount of moisture
DRAFT
that the air will hold. As the temperature increases, the amount of air moisture also
increases. The presence of dry air makes the surface feel cooler because of rapid
evaporation, and the rapid evaporation of perspiration caused by moist air makes the
surface feel warmer.
The absence of the sensation of either warmth or coldness is what we call

comfortable temperatures, a temperature where there are no physiological effects
on the human body. Generally, the recommended indoor temperature for comfort
cooling is 22°C. Shivering is an indication that the temperature is very cold, and we
feel uncomfortable. When the surface of the skin starts to become dry, the temperature
may need to be raised. In extreme cases where the human body has too much
exposure to cold temperature, the deep body temperature starts to fall. Note that body
parts that are away from the core such as the hands and the feet are in great danger
of tissue damage.
Air Movement
Wind (outside air velocity) is measured in miles per hour (mph) or knots and
air velocity is expressed in feet per minute (fpm). We can calculate the volume of air
flow of a window type air-conditioner through its duct in cubic feet per minute (cfm).
The formula is air velocity multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the duct. If the
movement of the air is too fast, we feel the so-called wind chill due to wind velocity
and relative humidity. This gives us an uncomfortable feeling when we are inside a
controlled environment.
In a controlled environment, air movement plays a vital role in supplying fresh

air. When the air moves too fast, we feel uncomfortable, and when the air moves too
slowly, oxygen supply declines and then becomes polluted. To speed up the heat flow
38
from the human body, cool dry air is necessary.
Instruments used to measure air velocity

Anemometer (Rotating)
It has a small propeller that is attached to it that revolves as the air flows past
the blades. We need to place it in an airstream and look for the right angle so that the
propeller can rotate efficiently. We should allow it to reach constant speed for about
one (1) minute and then trip the registering mechanism simultaneously with the stop
watch to record the reading and the time.
DRAFT
Fig. 1-2. Anemometer (Rotating). Its propeller revolves as the air flows past its
blades.
Anemometer (Hot Wire)

It has a flexible telescoping probe that has an air sensor. Its operation depends
upon the cooling effect of air flowing over an electrically heated wire. The theory is that
the electrical resistance changes when a hot wire (platinum) is exposed to wind as it
cools down.
As the temperature decreases, the electrical resistance changes when the

wind blows against its sensor. This creates an imbalance in the bridge and causes an
electrical current to flow. The relationship between the wind speed and the current is
predefined and the current is converted to a wind speed value.
Note: A new version of anemometer (hot wire) introduced in the market has superior
sensitivity response even in weak wind conditions. It uses a thermistor device to ensure
accuracy and to avoid error, snow, moist or rain is prohibited from touching the sensor.
39
Fig. 1-3. The anemometer (Hot Wire) has a flexible telescoping probe that has
an air sensor.
Velocimeter (Swinging Vane)

It is used to measure air duct velocities. Its primary purpose is to balance
the air distribution system. It is placed directly in the air stream and it tilts as the air
velocity increases. It is calibrated for use at a temperature of 68⁰F (19.8⁰C). If the
duct temperature is not 68⁰F, correction must be made.
DRAFT
Fig.1-4. The velocimeter (Swinging Vane) is used to determine if the duct

temperature is 68⁰F
ACTIVITY SHEET 1.4

Research and Investigate
Directions: It is advisable to observe the proper use of a scientific instrument before
and during the service work. Conduct a research on the different measuring instruments
used by refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians in your community performing
window-type air-conditioning unit repair and maintenance. You will be rated using the
criteria below:
40
Rubrics for Research Paper
Excellent
Qualities & Criteria Poor (0-80) Good (80-90)
(90-100)
Format/Layout (15%) Followed poorly Followed, for the Closely
the requirements most part, all the followed all the
• Presentation of the related to format requirements requirements
text and layout. related to format related to format
• Structuring of text and layout. Some and layout.
• Requirements of requirements are
length, font and style not followed.
followed.
Content/Information The essay was The essay was The essay

(50%) not objective objective and was objective
and addresses for the most and addresses
• All elements of
poorly the part addresses with an in-
the topics are
issues referred with an in depth depth analysis
addressed.
to the proposed analysis most all the issues
• The information is
topic. of the issues referred to the
validated by facts.
referred to the proposed topic.
• Information based on The information
proposed topic. The information
careful research. provided was provided was
DRAFT
• Information is not necessary The information necessary and
coherent. or not sufficient provided was, sufficient.
• Number of to discuss these for the most
respondents. issues. part, necessary The number of
and sufficient to respondents
The number of discuss these is more than
respondents is issues. 75% of the .
less than 50% of. requirements
the requirement The number of
respondents is
51 - 74% of the
requirement.
Quality of Writing (25%) The essay was The essay was The essay was
not well written, well written for the well written from
• Clarity of sentences
and contains most part, without start to finish,
and paragraphs
many spelling spelling, grammar without spelling,
• No errors in spelling,
errors, and/or or usage errors. grammar or
grammar and use of
grammar errors. The essay is for usage errors.
English
It lacks clarity the most part well The essay was
• Organization and
and/or does not organized, clear well organized,
coherence of ideas
present ideas in and presents clear and
a coherent way. ideas in a presents ideas
coherent way. in a coherent
way.
41
References (10%) References Most of the All of the
were not references were references were
• Soundness of appropriately appropriately appropriately
references used and cited. used and cited. used and cited.
Rubrics for Oral Presentation

Advanced Proficient Developing
(Has no more (Has four (Has more
than three to seven than seven
minor errors.) errors.) errors.)
1. Gave an interesting introduction.
2. Presented a clear explanation of
topic.
3. Presented information in a logical
manner.
4. Used complete sentence
DRAFT
5. Offered a concluding summary
6. Spoke clearly, correctly, distinctly,
and confidently.
7. Maintained eye contact.
8. Maintained acceptable posture.
9. Utilized audio-visual aids.
10. Handled questions and
comments intelligently.
Total
Grand Total
Format of the Research Paper

I. Title Page
Write the heading of the school, title of your research paper, your name, the
name of your teacher and the date.
II. Introduction
Introduce your topic by giving the readers an idea of what the research is all
about.
III. Methods and Procedure

Write the questions here that you used to gather the data, the number and
profile (age, gender, work experience) of the respondents.
42
IV. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Write the results of your research here.
V. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations.

Write here the summary, conclusion and your recommendations based on the
data you collected.
SELF-CHECK 1.4
Directions: Identify the following measuring instruments. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
DRAFT
1._______________ 2.___________________ 3._____________________
4.____________________ 5.____________________
43
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT – QUARTER I
1. What is the measuring instrument used to measure alternating current?

a. Gauge Manifold
b. Volt Meter
c. Clamp Ammeter
d. Velometer
2. Which of the following makes the surface feel cooler because of rapid
evaporation?
a. Wet air
b. Dry air
c. Cold air
d. Hot air
3. When the air moves too fast, we feel_____.

a. Comfortable
b. Uncomfortable
c. Cold
DRAFT
d. Sick
4. Which of the following uses a flexible telescoping probe?

a. Anemometer (Hot Wire)
b. Anemometer (Rotating)
c. Swinging Vane
d. Thermometer
5. What is the instrument used in measuring temperature through a wick

attached to it?
a. Dry Bulb Thermometer
b. Wet Bulb Thermometer
c. Swinging Vane
d. Anemometer
6. Which of the following is true about AC voltmeter?

a. AC Voltmeter works by making the potential difference between Line 1
and Line 2.
b. AC Voltmeter does not work by making the potential difference between
Line 1 and Line 2.
c. AC Voltmeter works by taking the potential difference between Line 1
and Line 2.
d. AC Voltmeter works by taking the potential difference between Line 1
and Line 2 of the resistance source.
44
7. Lack of oxygen in a controlled environment is an indication of_____.
a. fast movement of air
b. medium movement of air
c. slow movement of air
d. extremely fast movement of air
8. The voltage reading does not exceed _____.

a. 250 V
b. 260 V
c. 270 V
d. 280 V
9. The response of the human body to uncomfortable cold temperature in a

controlled environment is called_____.
a. rejoicing
b. shivering
c. fainting
d. muscle cramps
10. The calibration of the velocimeter (swinging vane) for use in checking the
duct temperature is_____.
DRAFT
a. 68 °F
b. 69 °F
c. 70 °F
d. 71 °F
11. The magnetic field is directly proportional to the current; this means
that______.
a. when current passing through a conductor increases, the magnetic
field also increases.
b. when current passing through a conductor increases, the magnetic
field decreases.
c. when current passing through a conductor increases, nothing happens.
d. when current passing through a conductor increases, the conductor will
be magnetized.
12. The increase in the temperature of a substance is called _____.

a. Temperature
b. Heat
c. Energy
d. Humidity
13. The lowest temperature possible happens when _____.

a. the atoms move fast
b. the atom moves slowly
c. the atom stops moving
d. the temperature of a substance drops
45
14. Dissipating sensible heat from the human body to the environment is
through radiation and _____.
a. conduction
b. convection
c. perspiration
d. reflection
15. When the metabolic heat generated by the body is dissipated to the
environment through the skin by evaporation it is called_____.
a. sensible heat
b. heat
c. latent heat
d. temperature
16. The measure of the speed of motion of the atom is called_____.

a. sensible heat
b. heat
c. latent heat
d. temperature
17. Generally, the recommended indoor temperature for comfort cooling
DRAFT
is_____.
a. 20°C
b. 21°C
c. 22°C
d. 23°C
18. The part of the human body that is greatly affected by too much exposure
to cold temperature is the _____.
a. hand
b. head
c. leg
d. face
19. How many minutes should you allow the propeller of the anemometer
(rotating) when recording accurate air velocity?
a. 1 min
b. 2 mins
c. 3 mins
d. 4 mins
20. Which of the following is not allowed to touch the thermistor to secure
accurate measurement of air velocity?
a. Air
b. Wind
c. Moist
d. Dust
46
Test II. Essay
Directions: Discuss the effect of air temperature and air movement in an air-conditioned
environment. Use cause and effect that have to be emphasized to avoid physiological
effect on humans while conditioning the air. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
Writing Rubrics
Directions: The paper will be given one of three scores: P (10), A (8), or B (5). The
presenter will present the paper with these descriptors in mind:
Criteria Descriptions
Proficient Can easily complete process
(10) • has no more than three minor errors (mechanics, word

choice, sentence structure)
• delivers the message effectively.
Approaching Needs some effort to complete process
(8) • has four to seven minor errors (mechanics, word choice,

sentence structure)
DRAFT
• captures message partially
Beginning Is not able to complete process
(5) • has more than seven errors (mechanics, word choice,
sentence structure)
• does not capture message
47
Quarter II Time Allotment: 36 Hours
LESSON 2: INSTALL DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION AND AIR-

CONDITIONING UNIT.
INTRODUCTION:
This quarter contains information that are necessary to prepare the learners
for today’s world of work. Included in this quarter is noise, its cause, and the materials
that contribute to its production. The effect on comfortable feeling is likewise discussed
to ensure that the learners consider the systematic identification of disturbing sounds
that window-type air-conditioning can produce as well as the possible remedy to the
problem.
Installing, Testing, and Commissioning (ITC) are also discussed to serve as

a valuable guide for the learners when inspecting the air-conditioning unit based on
specifications. The guidelines used in making ITC report are correspondingly included
to guarantee that the learners will be able to use a scientific approach in verifying and
revealing deficiencies of the window-type air-conditioning unit.
LO 4: Conduct Performance Test on the Installation of
DRAFT
Window Type Air-con
• Inspect sounds and vibration based on unit specifications.
• Prepare installation, testing and commissioning (ITC) report
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
1. Which of the following is not true about installation, testing, and

commissioning?
a. Quality air supply must be inspected.
b. Performance deficiency must be revealed.
c. Performance data must not be copied.
d. Record of performance data can be a future reference.
2. The unwanted sound produced by the movement of an object is called_____.

a. noise
b. noise source
c. noise amplifier
d. noise absorbers
3. These are all the sounds present in an environment.

a. Ambient Noise
b. Impulsive Noise
c. Transient Noise
d. Noise Intrusion
48
4. It is defined as the rapid changes of air pressure.
a. Decibel
b. Sound Wave
c. Sound Strength
d. Vibration
5. It resonates through building materials and can cause headaches.

a. Decibel
b. Sound Wave
c. Sound Strength
d. Vibration

Noise
The unwanted sound that is produced by the movement of an object is what
we call noise. Audible Vibration is a noise source that can come from grills or duct
hangers, duct panels, cooling, or a fan mechanism. Hard and smooth surfaces may
DRAFT
catch small vibrations which we call noise amplifiers. Examples of these are walls,
ceilings, floors, and furnishings. Fabric covered furniture, drapes and curtains are
noise absorbers. They reflect vibration at a frequency and direction that all parts of
the controlled environment become uncomfortable. Pipes, doors, ducts, ceilings, and
floors on one hand are rigid structures are noise carriers that can carry vibrations to
places that contribute to discomfort in a controlled environment.
Types of Noise
Ambient Noise – It is the background sound which is present in a source location. This
also refers to all the sounds present in an environment.
Impulsive Noise – It is an unwanted sharp sound which consists of relatively short

duration noise pulses that can either be a single sound peak or multiple sound pressure
peaks. Switching noise from a switch or a click from a keyboard of a computer is an
example of this.
Transient Noise – It is noise that occurs less frequently but has a longer duration as
compared to impulsive noise. An aircraft flying overhead or a vehicle passing by is
an example of this. The noise from a damaged record or adverse radio transmission
scratches is another example.
Noise Intrusions - It is a noise that stands out far above all other sounds and they
interrupt without warning. An acceleration of a noisy motorbike is an example of this.
Noise Measurement
Increasing sound frequency will result in the increase of loudness (amplitude)
of the sound because the human ear does not respond equally to all frequencies.
49
Decibel – is the unit used to indicate the intensity of a sound wave. A-weighted Decibel
Scale (dBA) is used to measure sound (noise).
Sound Wave – is the rapid changes of air pressure.
Sound Strength – is the total amount of sound in decibel coming from the window air-
conditioning unit.
Sound Pressure – is the strength in decibels of sound after it travels a specified

distance.
Vibration – resonates through building materials and can cause headaches and
dizziness among humans.
Types of Noise Produced by a Window-Type Air-conditioning

Unit
• During the operation, the fan hums.
• The internal parts or the case rattle and vibrate.
• Beeping sounds when you adjust the controls.
• The glass frame or window frame shakes and rattles where the window-type
air-conditioning unit is installed.
• Since the window is no longer shut, the noise from the outdoor is no longer
DRAFT
blocked.
Sources of Noise Produced by Window-Type Air-conditioner
Fan – When the air passes through the fan blade it produces sound that can be
determined by the number of fan blades, fan speed and size, and the clearance
between the fan and the cabinet.
Compressor – The electrical part of the compressor produces sound as it works and
the valves of its mechanical part produce noise as well.
Unit Cabinet – The metal casing of the window-type air-conditioning unit vibrates
during operation that produces noise.
Effects of Noise from a Window-Type Air-conditioner on

Human Health
A person’s ability to concentrate and perform is greatly affected by his
environment. High level of background noise causes irritation and would later on lead
to stress. Health impacts of noisy window-type air-conditioners are as follows:
1. Stress that could lead to headaches, fatigue, muscle tension, digestive

disorders, stomach ulcer, digestive disorder and high blood pressure.
2. Interrupts quality sleep that is attained if the room has a 28-33 dBA. A typical
window air-conditioning unit has 47-63 dBA that is why it is wise to buy a 47dBA
unit because it is more quiet.
3. Interferes with speech that leaves us confused and annoyed.
50
ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1
Indoor environmental noise has caught the attention of many health practitioners
around the globe. It has been related to some sick building syndrome related illnesses.
Directions: Interview the office workers, teachers and other professionals who work
in an air-conditioned office space if they feel any kind of sickness while inside the
workplace. You will be rated using the criteria below:
Rubrics for Term or Research Paper

Qualities & Criteria Poor (0-80) Good (80-90) Excellent (90-100)
Format/Layout (15%) Followed Followed, for the Closely followed all
poorly the most part, all the the requirements
• Presentation of the
requirements requirements related to format
text
related to related to and layout.
• Structuring of text
format and format and
• Requirements of
layout. layout. Some
length, font and
requirements are
style followed.
not followed.
(50%)
• All elements of
the topics are
DRAFT
Content/Information The essay was
not objective
and addresses
poorly the
The essay was
objective and
for the most
part addresses
The essay was
objective and
addresses with an
in depth analysis
addressed issues referred with an in depth all the issues
• The information to in the analysis most referred to in the
is validated and proposed topic. of the issues proposed topic.
realistic. The information referred in the
was not proposed topic. The provided
• Information based information was
on careful research necessary or The provided necessary and
• Coherence of insufficient.
information was, sufficient.
information for the most
part, necessary
and sufficient to
discuss these
issues.
51
Quality of Writing The essay The essay was The essay was
(25%) contains many well written for well written from
• Clarity of sentences spelling errors, the most part, start to finish,
and paragraphs grammatical without spelling, without spelling,
• No errors and errors and/or grammar or grammar or use of
spelling, grammar usage errors. usage errors. English errors. The
and use of English It lacks clarity The essay is for essay was well
• Organization and and does not the most part organized, clear
coherence of ideas present ideas in well organized, and presents ideas
a coherent way. clear and in a coherent way.
presents ideas in
a coherent way.

• Soundness of were not references were references were
references appropriately appropriately appropriately used
used and cited. used and cited. and cited.
DRAFT
(Has no (Has four (Has more
more than to seven than seven
three minor errors) errors)
errors)
1. Gave an interesting introduction
2. Presented clear explanation of
topic.
3. Presented information in logical
manner.
4. Used complete sentence
5. Offered a concluding summary
and confidently
9. Utilized audio-visual aids
10. Handled questions and comments
intelligently.
Total
Grand Total
52
I. Title Page
Write the heading of the school, the title of your research paper, your name, the
II. Introduction
Introduce your topic by giving the readers an idea of what the research is all about.

Write the questions here that you used to gather the data, the number and profile
(age, gender, work experience) of respondents.

Write the result of your survey here.

Write the summary, conclusion and your recommendation based on your data
collected here.
SELF-CHECK 2.1
Directions: Identify the word or group of words that best describes the statement.
DRAFT
Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.
_________ 1.It is the range of sound created by a window-type air-conditioning unit.
_________ 2. It is the strength of decibel of sound after it travels a specified distance.
_________ 3. It is a noise that stands out above all other sounds.
_________ 4. It is all the sounds present in an environment.
_________ 5. It is the unwanted sound produced by the movement of an object.
53
Minimizing Noise Created by a Window-Type Air-conditioning Unit
Having a totally quiet air-conditioner is next to impossible because of
its mechanical structure that creates movement; however we can minimize its
level of noise to avoid irritation and annoyance.
DRAFT
Fig. 2-1. Three Steps to Minimize Noise. These are the basic steps to have a
window-type air-conditioning unit that is efficient, effective and has a bearable sound.
A window-type air-conditioning unit that has 47 dBA produces less sound than
a 63 dBA window air-con unit. Place a barrier or structure around the unit to avoid
disturbing your neighbors. Do not install your unit facing the patio or bedroom window
of your neighbor because these are noise sensitive areas. Disregarding proper
location would result in Priority Boundary Noise, a noise that causes irritation to your
neighbors that is frequently neglected when installing a window-type air-conditioning
unit in our homes. It is proper that you check the parts of your unit to see if there are
worn bearings, worn rubber mounting, a rattling metal case, and dirty or rusty fan
blades because these would all produce an annoying sound if not properly checked
and maintained.ll produce an annoying sound if not properly checked and maintained.
Characteristic of an Effective Barrier

• It is placed close to the window air-conditioner without restricting airflow to or
from the unit.
• It has no gaps or cracks that would possibly allow sound to escape.
• It is located where house walls will not reflect the sound back over the top of
the barrier.
54
Note: Sound absorbing materials can be used to cover the surface facing the
unit if the sound is reflected back.
Garden Shed – It is the simplest and most effective barrier structure.
Tips in Installing the Window-Type Air-conditioning Unit

(Minimizing Noise and Avoiding Boundary Noise)
1. Check and follow the original installation procedures and pay attention to the
gaskets.
2. Make sure that all compressor mounting parts are present and properly
tightened.
3. Reposition the part that is shaking and hitting another part.
4. If the window frame is vibrating, fill the gap with foam or wooden shims.
5. Dirt makes the blade out of balance and prematurely wears out the bearing,
which is why it is a must to keep it clean.
6. To secure the front panel, use tape or put a gasket.
7. Keep the air filters clean because accumulated dust clogs the air filter and
causes extra pressure drop that leads to extra noise as the air passes through
it.
8. All walls facing the unit should be solid. There should be no windows or other
openings along the direction of sound wave propagation.
DRAFT
9. Put a partial barrier to reduce the noise of the unit.
10. If possible, the unit must be away from the neighbor’s outdoor living area or
must be as far away as possible from the neighbor.
11. If the unit is installed too close to the neighbors’ property because of limited
space, it should be quieter.
12. The unit should not be placed in front of the neighbors’ window. Radiated noise
maybe transmitted through it.
13. Avoid locating the unit close to hard reflective surfaces, corners and multiple
reflecting walls.
14. If the unit is old, replacement is the best option.
ACTIVITY SHEET 2.2.1

Choose the Parts
Directions: Visit all the offices and laboratories in your school that have an installed
window air-conditioner units and complete the table below by marking the appropriate
box with a tick mark ( ) once you have observed the given mechanical parts of a
window-type air-conditioning unit.
Procedure: Place your hand on top of the given parts of the installed window-type
air-conditioning unit and part of the room while the units is operating and complete the
table below with your observation.
55
Name of Window
Front Panel Brackets Air Duct
Laboratory/Office Pane
Ex. Principal’s Office Vibrating Vibrating Not Vibrating Vibrating
Recommendation/s: ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

Observation of Air-conditioned Offices and Laboratories
Directions: Visit all the offices and laboratories in your school that have an installed
window-type air-conditioning unit and complete the table below by marking the
appropriate box with a tick mark ( ) that corresponds to your observations while
DRAFT
inside the room.
There is a There is a The unit is

Name of vibration loud sound There is an silent while
Laboratory/Office in the coming from annoying conditioning
installed the air duct sound the air
unit of the unit temperature
Ex. Principal’s
Office
56
Recommendation/s: ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
SELF-CHECK 2.2.1
Directions: Complete the table below by answering the questions in each column.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
What
What did we Why did we What did I How can I questions do
do? do it? learn today? apply it? I still have
about it?
DRAFT
57
SELF-CHECK 2.2.2
Completion Type Test
Directions: Based on the previous lessons, write the word or group of words that will
make the sentences below complete. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.
1. Audible vibration can be from the cooling unit, fan mechanism, ducting panel
__________ or duct hangers.
2. The amount of unwanted__________ produced by the movement of an object
is called noise.
3. When the structure is rigid, it can be a__________.
4. Noise amplifiers reflect vibrations at a __________ and direction that all parts
of the space become uncomfortable.
5. Walls and ceilings can pick up small __________.
DRAFT
Installation, Testing, and Commissioning Report (ITC)
Prior to the installation of a window-type air-conditioning unit, the total quality of
the air supply must be inspected. Proper functioning of the window-type air-conditioning
unit must be proved after installation through testing procedures and the results must
be clearly documented.
Performance deficiency is revealed during inspection and is evaluated to

determine the cause counteractive measures maybe applied. Verification of the
functional performance can be accomplished through proper documentation. A
compilation containing the record of performance data of the entire installation process
is a necessary reference for future operation and maintenance.
58
Installation, Testing and Commissioning Report Form
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project Name:______________________________________________________
Building Occupancy Type :_____________Gross Floor Area:____________
Technician In-Charge:_______________________________________________
INSTALLATION CRITERIA
Required Specification:______________________________________________
Installation Drawing:________________________________________________
Manufacturer’s Installation Requirements:___________________________
Special Installation Requirements (if any):____________________________
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
DRAFT
Manufacturer:_______________________________________________________
Model number:______________________________________________________
Symbol/Designation in the Schematic Diagram:______________________
Required Tools
• Multi-meter for electrical measurements

• Miscellaneous Hand Tools
CHECKLIST ITEM
PHYSICAL INSTALLATION
1. Air-Conditioning Unit
2. Front Panel
3. Housing
4. Foam
5. Brackets
6. Screws
7. Drain Pan
8. Remote Control
9. Air filters installed and clean
59
Comments and
Observations: ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
DOCUMENTATION
1. Manufacturer’s product design data

2. Operation and Maintenance Manual
3. Manufacturer’s installation specifications
Comments and Observations: ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
ELECTRICAL
1. Fuse rating correct for connected equipment

2. Power available
3. Motor protection installed and functional
4. Control systems functional
5. Shielded wiring used on electronic controls
Comments and Observations: ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
DRAFT
__________________________________________________________________.
ACTIVITY SHEET 2.3

Directions: Investigate the current status of installed window-type air-conditioning
units in your school using the ITC Form. Interview the supply officer or person in-
charge to check if he has records of regular inspection and history of the units. You will
be rated using the criteria below:
Rubrics for Research Paper

Qualities & Criteria Poor (0-80) Good (80-90) Excellent (90-100)
Format/Layout (15%) Followed Followed, for the Closely followed all
poorly the most part, all the the requirements
• Presentation of the
requirements requirements related to format
text
related to related to and layout.
• Structuring of text
format and format and
• Requirements of
layout. layout. Some
length, font and
requirements are
style followed.
not followed.
60
Content/Information The essay was The essay was The essay was
(50%) not objective objective and objective and
• All elements of and addresses for the most addresses with an
the topics are poorly the part addresses in depth analysis
addressed issues referred with an in depth all the issues
• The information to in the analysis most referred to in the
is validated and proposed topic. of the issues proposed topic.
realistic. The information referred in the
was not proposed topic. The provided
• Information based information was
on careful research necessary or The provided necessary and
• Coherence of insufficient.
information was, sufficient.
information for the most
part, necessary
and sufficient to
discuss these
issues.
Quality of Writing The essay The essay was The essay was
(25%) contains many well written for well written from
DRAFT
• Clarity of sentences spelling errors, the most part, start to finish,
and paragraphs grammatical without spelling, without spelling,
• No errors and errors and/or grammar or grammar or use of
spelling, grammar usage errors. usage errors. English errors. The
and use of English It lacks clarity The essay is for essay was well
• Organization and and does not the most part organized, clear
coherence of ideas present ideas in well organized, and presents ideas
a coherent way. clear and in a coherent way.
presents ideas in
a coherent way.

• Soundness of were not references were references were
references appropriately appropriately appropriately used
used and cited. used and cited. and cited.
61
(Has no (Has four (Has more
more than to seven than seven
three minor errors) errors)
errors)
1. Gave an interesting introduction.
2. Presented clear explanation of
topic.
3. Presented information in logical
manner.
4. Used complete sentence.
5. Offered a concluding summary.
and confidently.
9. Utilized audio-visual aids.
10. Handled questions and comments
intelligently.
DRAFT
Total
Grand Total

I. Title Page
Write the heading of the school, the title of your research paper, your name, the
II. Introduction
Introduce your topic by giving the readers an idea of what the research is all about.

Write the questions here that you used to gather the data, the number and profile
(age, gender, work experience) of the respondent.

Write the result of your survey here.

Write the summary, conclusion and your recommendation based on your data
collected here.
62
SELF-CHECK 2.3
Jigsaw Group
Directions:
1. Group yourselves into six (6) and wait to be assigned to do any one of the
following:
• Project Information Team
• Installation Criteria Team
• Equipment Description Team
• Physical Installation Team
• Documentation Team
• Electrical Team
2. Each team member represents a component of the ITC Form. He is
expected to master the parts assigned to him.
3. After ten (10) minutes, re-group yourselves so each new group has a
member who discussed different sections of the form.
4. Each expert will share his work with the rest of the learners.
DRAFT
63
SUMMATIVE TEST – QUARTER II
Test I. Multiple Choices
1. Which of the following is not true about installation, testing, and

commissioning?
a. Quality air supply must be inspected.
b. Performance deficiency must be revealed.
c. Performance data must not be copied
d. Record of performance data can be a future reference.
2. The unwanted sound produced by the movement of an object is called_____.

a. Noise
b. Noise source
c. Noise amplifier
d. Noise absorbers
3. These are all the sounds present in an environment.
DRAFT
a. Ambient Noise
b. Impulsive Noise
c. Transient Noise
d. Noise Intrusion
4. It is characterized as the rapid changes of air pressure.

a. Decibel
b. Sound Wave
c. Sound Strength
d. Vibration
5. It resonates through building materials and can cause headaches.

a. Decibel
b. Sound Wave
c. Sound Strength
d. Vibration
6. It is the noise that can irritate your neighbor coming from the installed
window air-conditioner unit in your house.
a. Ambient Noise
b. Impulsive Noise
c. Boundary Noise
d. Noise
64
7. Which of the following is a noise sensitive area?
a. Bedroom
b. Kitchen
c. Living Room
d. Parking Lot
8. What is the decibel rating of a more quiet window airconditioner unit?

a. 47 dBA
b. 50 dBA
c. 60 dBA
d. 63 dBA
9. It is a source of noise that radiates noise because of its valves.

a. Fan
b. Compressor
c. Metal Casing
d. Brackets
10. It vibrates when the air-conditioning unit operates.

a. Fan
b. Compressor
DRAFT
c. Metal Casing
d. Brackets
Test II. Modified True or False

Directions: On a separate answer sheet write capital letter T if your answer is true.
If your answer is false, write capital letter F, choose the word or group of words that
makes the statement incorrect and then write the correct word or group of word at the
end of the statement to make the statement correct. Three (3) points each.
1. The total amount of sound in decibels coming from the window-type air-
conditioning unit is called sound strength.
2. The total strength of sound in decibels coming from the window-type air-
conditioning unit is called sound wave.
3. High level of background noise does not cause irritation and stress.
4. Installing the unit facing the patio of your neighbor is not recommended.
5. Locating the window-type air-conditioning unit close to corners must not be
avoided.
Test III. Listed below is the jumbled procedure for installing a window-type air-
conditioning unit. On a separate answer sheet, arrange the steps in the right order
by writing the numbers from one (1) to five (5) on the space provided before each
statement.
______Install condensate drains for a window-type air-conditioning unit.
______Survey area for installation.
65
______Install wiring outlet for a window-type air-conditioning unit.
______Install brackets, hangers, and frames for window-type air-conditioning units

and install sealing materials on window-type air-conditioning unit
______Select an area for installation.
Quarter III Time Allotment: 36 Hours
LESSON 3: SERVICE AND MAINTAIN WINDOW TYPE AIR-

CONDITIONING/DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR.
INTRODUCTION:
This quarter contains information that is necessary to prepare the learners for
today’s world of work. Included in this quarter are the air filter and its type. The effect
to negligence of the maintenance of air filter is likewise discussed to ensure that the
learners consider the scheduled cleaning and maintenance of the window-type air-
conditioning unit air filter to avoid health hazards and improve the indoor air quality.
Cleaning the air filter is also discussed to serve as a valuable guide for the
DRAFT
learners while inspecting the air-conditioning unit based on specifications. The
procedure in assembly and disassembly of the front panel is correspondingly included
to guarantee that the learners will be able to perform a systematic approach in replacing
a defective air filter of air-conditioning unit.
LO 1: Clean and Replace Air Filter

• Remove air filter from the unit
• Check air filter for damage or replacement
• Clean air filter
• Replace defective air filter in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
1. It is designed to be progressively dense as the air pass through it.

a. Extended Surface Air Filters
b. Fiberglass Filter Media
c. Air Filter
d. Steel Washable Air Filters
2. It is a filter that is permanent, washable, and used in commercial application.

66
c. Air Filter
3. Which of the following is not true about cleaning the window air-conditioning
unit air filter?
a. Make sure that the unit is switched on.
b. Do not raise the front intake grill higher than 90⁰.
c. Clean the filter once a month.
d. Re-fit the air filter to its guide after washing and drying.
4. The air filter should be checked and cleaned every _____.

a. day
b. week
c. month
d. year
5. It is a filter that uses fine media in the bags.

a. Extended Air Surface Filter
b. Steel Washable Air Filter
c. Fiberglass Filter Media
d. Bag-Type Air Filter
DRAFT
67
Filtering the Surrounding Air
The surrounding air contains fine particles that are a result of human activities,
combustion, and traffic and processes. Coarse particles are also present composed of
natural dust from wind, erosion, plants and many more. Pollen, spores, living or dead
bacteria, cigarette smoke, diesel fumes (potentially carcinogenic air pollutants) are
airborne allergens that can cause serious allergy and disease.
Positioning the window air-conditioning unit correctly can prevent drawing

in local impurities; however, the best solution is to separate the impurities from the
surrounding air. With the aide of air filters attached to the front panel of the window air-
conditioning unit, separating these impurities is possible. Although the air in a controlled
environment has fewer impurities as compared to air in the outside environment,
trapped particles in it can build up and can cause accumulation of frost. There is a
possibility that these impurities will be inhaled by the occupants and cause the spread
of disease. Hence, checking and cleaning the air filter should be done once a month
to achieve better indoor air quality.
Air filter - It is a device used for removing impurities, made of porous material that
can strain small foreign particles from fluid/air.
Types of Filters
1.
2.
3.
4.
DRAFT
Disposable Filter
Permanent Washable Media Filters
Electronic Air Filters
Hybrid Models – it has electronic air cleaners with a disposable filter media.
Factors to Consider before Buying a New Air Filter

Restriction to airflow, otherwise known as pressure drop, is affected by the free
space of the air filter. There are two kinds of pressure drop: (1) initial pressure drop
which is the resistance to airflow of brand new filter and (2) final pressure drop which
is the point at which pressure is not going to be able to go any lower in the filter and,
there is just to much restriction to airflow because the filter have accumulated dirt in it
that is too thick.
Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) is developed by the American

Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) to identify
how good the filters are at trapping and retaining small particles. The MERV rating
ranges from 1-16. The higher the MERV rating, the smaller the size of the particle the
air filter will trap. It also means that the air filter has less free area for the air to pass
through. If the free area is less, it will lead to high resistance of airflow that will result in
poor conditioning of the air. The MERV rating should not be too high to avoid improper
airflow. The recommended MERV rating of the ASHRAE is six (6).
Note: The air filter should be checked and cleaned on a monthly basis because
when accumulated dirt on it is very thick, the window air-conditioning unit will have
68
to work longer and consequently consume more energy.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIR FILTERS USED IN WINDOW

AIR-CONDITIONING
1. FIBERGLASS FILTER MEDIA

These medium may be purchased in bulk or in frames. This material is usually
an inch thick and coated with a special non-drying, non-toxic adhesive on each fiber.
Filter material is designed so that it gets progressively dense as the air passes through
it.
DRAFT
Fig. 3.1 Fiberglass Filter Media. It i s designed to separate powdery dust from
the air as it passes through it.
2. EXTENDED SURFACE AIR FILTERS

Some applications do not permit the use of fiberglass as a filter medium or
require a higher air velocity than fiberglass allows. Extended surface filters are made
of nonwoven cotton, producing air-cleaning efficiency of up to three (3) times greater
than fiberglass. This type of filter is often used in computer and electronic equipment
rooms.
3. STEEL WASHABLE AIR FILTERS

These filters are permanent and are meant to be washed rather than replaced.
They are usually used in commercial applications such as in restaurants, hotels, and
schools.
69
Fig 3.3 – Steel Washable Filters remove medium to large dust particles.
4. BAG-TYPE AIR FILTERS

This is another type of filter that produces greater filtering efficiency. These
filters use fine fiberglass media within the bags and remove microscopic particles.
These may be used in hospital operating rooms, electronic equipment assembly
rooms, and computer equipment rooms.
DRAFT
Fig 3.3 – Bag Type Filters are designed to separate dust particles from to dusty
gases.
ACTIVITY SHEET 3.1

CLEANING THE AIR FILTER OF A WINDOW TYPE AIR
CONDITIONING UNIT
Steps to follow:
1. Disconnect electrical power cord from the window type air conditioning unit.
70
Caution: Make sure that the unit is switched off before you unplug the
service cord.
2. Remove the front intake grill. Lift the front intake grills about 90 degrees
and slide it slightly to the left to unhook the tabs.
Caution: Do not raise the front intake grill higher than 90⁰ to prevent
damage to the unit.
3. Remove the air filter. Tilt and pull out the air filter by grasping the holder.
DRAFT
4. Clean the filters using a vacuum cleaner.
71
NOTE: Clean the filters once a month.
5. Rinse the filters under running water and dry these completely. After drying,
re-fit them correctly into their guides.
6. Attach the air filter to the front grill.
DRAFT
7. Slide the front intake grill slightly to the right to re-attach the tabs and then
push it down to close tightly.
72
SELF-CHECK 3.1.1
Cleaning the Air Filter
Directions: Perform the task of cleaning the air filter of a window-type air
conditioner.
The teacher will observe you while you are cleaning, disassembling and
assembling or replacing the air filter of an air-conditioning unit.
Teacher’s Checklist Acceptability

Yes No
1. Selection and preparation of tools and materials to
be used
2. Choice of method to be followed
3. Setting up of the workplace, tools, materials and
equipment
4. Preparation of the work piece
5. Thoroughness in cleaning the air filter
DRAFT
6. Speed in completing the job (The job should be
completed in 1 hour.)
7. Observation of safety precautions
SELF-CHECK 3.1.2
Air Filter Maintenance
Directions:
1. Visit school facilities that have an installed window air-conditioning unit.

2. Check the filter of the window type air-conditioning unit installed in each
laboratory/room.
3. Determine if the air filters are regularly maintained or if they need to be
replaced.
4. Record your observations in the table provided below by putting a tick mark
( ) in the Yes or No checkbox. Record as many as you can.
Name of the Air filter is well Schedule of Remarks

Laboratory/Room maintained Cleaning
Yes No
1.
2.
3.
73
4.
5.
Recommendation/s:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT – QUARTER III

1. It is designed to be progressively dense as the air pass through it.

c. Air Filter
DRAFT
2. It is a filter that is permanent, washable, and used in commercial application.
c. Air Filter
3. Which of the following is not true about cleaning the window air-conditioning
unit air filter?
a. Make sure that the unit is switched on.
b. Do not raise the front intake grill higher than 90⁰.
c. Clean the filter once a month.
d. Re-fit the air filter onto its guide after washing and drying.
4. The air filter should be checked and cleaned every _____.

a. day
b. week
c. month
d. year
5. It is a filter that uses fine media within the bags.

a. Extended Air Surface Filter
b. Steel Washable Air Filter
c. Fiberglass Filter Media
d. Bag-Type Air Filter
74
6. What is the material that can separate impurities from the conditioned air?
a. Air Filter
b. Air vent
c. Air duct
d. Exhaust
7. The extended surface filters are made up of _____.

a. silica
b. nonwoven cotton
c. fiberglass
d. paper
8. Which of the following can be best used in operating rooms among

hospitals?
a. Steel Washable Air Filter
b. Extended Surface Air Filter
c. Bag Type Air Filters
d. Fiberglass Filter Media
9. Which of the following is made up of nonwoven cotton, which is three times

greater than Fiberglass?
DRAFT
10. It is a filter that is permanent and washable.

11. The MERV rating must not be too high because_____.

a. the air filter will be expensive
b. the air filter cannot trap big particles
c. the air filter will have high resistance to air flow
d. the air filter will not be recommended by the ASHRAE
12. If the filter has less free area to screen dirt, it would result in__.
a. high resistance to airflow leading to poor conditioning of the air.
b. low resistance to airflow leading to good conditioning of the air.
c. poor conditioning of the air leading to low resistance of airflow.
d. good conditioning of the air leading to high resistance of airflow.
75
13. Too much consumption of energy of the window air-conditioning unit can
be attributed to a dirty filter because _____.
a. the window air-conditioning unit will have to work lesser.
b. the window air-conditioning unit will have to work longer.
c. the window air-conditioning unit will experience high pressure.
d. the window air-conditioning unit will experience low pressure.
14. The free space of the air filter affects the air flow because _____.
a. the more free space, the more chances of air flow there will be.
b. the less free space, the more chances of air flow there will be.
c. more free space is present only to brand new filter.
d. less free space is present among old air filters.
15. Extended surface air filters can be recommended if the air to be conditioned
has high velocity because _____.
a. it is better than fiberglass.
b. it has an increased dust holding capacity.
c. it is much cheaper than the other filters.
d. it is easier to find in the market.
Test II. Listed below are the jumbled procedures in cleaning the air filter of a window air-
DRAFT
conditioning unit. Arrange them according to the correct order by writing the numbers
from one (1) to five (5). Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.
______Attach the air filter to the front grill.
______Remove the air filter, then tilt it up, and pull out the air filter by the holder and
clean the filters using a vacuum cleaner.
______Disconnect electrical power cord from the window type air conditioning unit,
remove the front intake grill, then pull up the front intake grill about 90
degrees and slide it slightly to the left to unhook the tabs.
______Rinse the filters under running water then let the filters dry completely. After
drying the air filter, re-fit it correctly into their guides.
______Slide the front intake grill of the air filter slightly to the right to re-attach the
tabs and then push it down to close tightly.
Test III. Essay
Directions: Discuss the effect of a dirty air filter on airflow inside the conditioned
room and its effect on the motor compressor. Use a cause and effect technique when
explaining your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
76
Writing Rubrics
Directions: The paper will be given one of the three scores: P (10), A (8), or B (5). The
presenter will present the paper with these descriptors in mind:
Criteria Descriptions
Proficient Can easily complete process
(10) • has no more than three minor errors (mechanics, word

choice, sentence structure)
• delivers message efficiently
Approaching Take some effort to complete process
(8) • has four to seven minor errors (mechanics, word choice,

sentence structure)
• captures message partially
Beginning Cannot complete process
(5) • has more than seven errors (mechanics, word choice,

sentence structure)
• does not capture message
Quarter IV
DRAFT
LESSON 4: SERVICE AND MAINTAIN WINDOW TYPE AIR-
CONDITIONING/DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR UNITS
Time Allotment: 36 Hours
INTRODUCTION:
This quarter contains information that are necessary to prepare the learners
for today’s world of work. Included in this quarter is the process of cleaning the finned
evaporator using pressurized water. Cleaning the condenser is likewise discussed to
ensure that the learners consider the standard operating procedure in maintaining the
mechanical parts of the window air-conditioning unit.
Straightening bent fins, servicing a clogged evaporator and condenser is

likewise discussed based on standard operating procedures. Cleaning the evaporator
and condenser coils with the aid of non-corrosive chemicals is also included to
guarantee that the learners will be able to service the window air-conditioning unit
based on standard operating procedures.
LO 2: Service Evaporator and Condenser

• Select tools in dismantling the evaporator/condensing unit per standard
operating procedures (SOPs).
• Use a high pressure washer for cleaning the evaporator/condensing coil based
on standard operating procedures.
• Repair defective evaporator/condenser coil fins in accordance with
77
manufacturer’s specifications.
• Apply a cleaning agent or a non-corrosive chemical in cleaning and maintaining
the evaporator/condensing coil, fins and other body accessories as per
standard operating procedures (SOPs).
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
1. It acts as a heat absorber by refrigerant absorption.

a. Evaporator
b. Condenser
c. Motor Compressor
d. Heat Exchanger
2. The regular pressure of the air compressor when pressure cleaning the
evaporator is _____.
a. 4.90 kg/cm
b. 5.90 kg/cm
c. 6.90 kg/cm
DRAFT
d. 7.90 kg/cm
3. Spraying at an angle is prohibited because _____.

a. the sprayer becomes inefficient.
b. it can bend the evaporator fins.
c. it will damage the sprayer nozzle.
d. the sprayer can add more dirt.
4. If the air compressor, soap, and water spray fail to clean the evaporator,
we can use _____.
a. water
b. steam jet
c. water and dish washing liquid
d. sprayer
5. Bent fins can be straightened using a ______.

a. wide nose pliers
b. long nose pliers
c. side cutting pliers
d. hands
78
Cleaning the Evaporator and Condenser Coils
Evaporator
An evaporator acts as a heating absorber by refrigerant absorption. The
evaporator used in this cooling system is the finned type made of aluminum materials.
Condenser
The device used to liquefy gas by cooling is called a condenser. It dissipates
heat within the air-conditioned room. Cleaning the condenser on a regular basis is a
must because a dirty condenser can cause high pressure in the compressor.

CLEANING THE FINNED EVAPORATOR USING
PRESSURE WASHING
PROCEDURES:
DRAFT
1. Dirt insulates the condenser and evaporator, thus hampering the heat transfer.
The fins and coil of the condenser/evaporator must be cleaned so that the
airflow through the coils will not be insulated from the fin or plate area and there
will be efficient transfer of heat.
2. Set the pressure regularly of the air compressor, nitrogen or carbon dioxide at
6.90 kg/cm by turning the pressure regulator valve handle clockwise, as shown
by the arrow in the picture.
79
3. Slowly work the compressor spray up and down the fins.
4. Direct the sprayer nozzle to the evaporator so that it is parallel to the fins. Do
not spray at an angle to the fins because the fins could be bent and this may
cause damage to the coil.
DRAFT
5. Bring the hose nozzle up following a vertical angle with the fins and then across
about 2.54 cm. then bring the nozzle down.
6. Keep repeating the spraying pattern until the entire coil is cleaned.
7. If the air compressor, soap and water spray fail to clean the evaporator
thoroughly, a portable stream cleaner may be used. The stream jet should be
sprayed with the same technique as the spray compressor. The fins may be
bent slightly but they can be easily straightened with wide-nosed pliers.
80
CLEANING THE CONDENSER
Procedures:
1. Remove the window-type air-conditioning unit from the cabinet.

(CAUTION: Always ask for help when lifting heavy objects.)
DRAFT
2. Set the window-type air-conditioning unit
close to a floor drain or outside the room.
3. Wrap the fan motor with a plastic
bag.
(NOTE: Water may ruin the fan motor.)
4. Remove screws that hold the condenser
to fan shroud.
5. Carefully swing the condenser out.
(CAUTION: Do not swing the condenser
to avoid kinking or breaking the refrigerant lines.)
6. Spray degreasing solvent onto the condenser.
7. Give the solvent time to work.
8. Attach the water hose to a hydrant.
(NOTE: If using hot water, be sure the
hose is designed for use with hot water.
9. Attach the sprayer nozzle to a water
hose.
10. Spray condenser with water hose.
11. Tilt the window-type air-conditioner
sideways so that water will run out.
12. Remove plastic bag from fan motor.
13. Dry all electrical components with a shop
towel.
81
14. Carefully move condenser back into its proper position.
15. Attach screws which hold the condenser to the shroud.
16. Have the instructor check the unit or housing.
17. Place the window-type air-conditioner in the cabinet.
18. Clean up tools and materials.
SELF-CHECK 4.1
Cleaning the Evaporator and Condenser
Directions: Perform the task of cleaning of evaporator and condenser of a window
type air conditioning unit.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Unit of competency Point System Raw Raw Total

(100 pts) Deduction Score Score
1. Handling/use of tools,
instrument , materials, and
equipment (Application)
2. Cleaning process
DRAFT
3. Applied safety techniques
in cleaning condenser and
evaporator coils
4. Speed
Note: Two (2) points will be deducted for every mistake/error made during the
performance assessment

Straightening Bent Fins
Airflow blockage through the coil is caused by bent fins. Bent fins may be
straightened using a fin comb or wide-nosed pliers, as shown below.
Procedures:
1. Insert the wide-nose pliers to the bent fins.
82
2. Press the wide nose pliers slightly until you see that fins straightened.
DRAFT
3. Repeat steps one and two until bent fins are completely straightened.
SELF-CHECK 4.2
83
Straightening Bent Fins with the Wide Nose Plier
Directions: Perform straightening bent fins using the listed tools, equipment and
materials in AC circuit installation.
Unit of competency Point System Raw Total Total

(100 points) Deductions Deductions Score
Safety use of tools,
equipment, and
materials
(20 Points)
Straightening Process
(50 Points)
Applied safety
techniques while
straightening the fins
DRAFT
(10 Points)
Speed
(20 Points)
Note: Two points will be deducted for every mistake or error made during the
Performance Assessment.

Servicing Clog Condenser and Evaporator
Even if the tube is quite large, it is not immune to clog-up. As we have learned,
a long period of exposure to atmospheric pressure can cause a problem.
If a portion of the tube is in trouble, its effects are the lack of cooling in the
evaporator and lack of heating of the condenser.
The best remedy is to flush the condenser.
84
Procedure:
1. Cut the condenser from the unit.

2. Adapt a flare nut and union at one end.
3. Use compress air or a refrigerant to push out all foreign matter. Use lacquer
thinner as a cleaning solvent to drive out all dirt or rust.
4. After you have cleaned the tubing and silver brazed it properly, proceed to
vacuuming, leak testing and recharging.
NOTE: Follow the same procedure for the evaporator if needed.
DRAFT SELF-CHECK 4.3

Directions: Listed below are jumbled procedures in servicing a clogged condenser.
Arrange them in proper order by writing numbers from one (1) to five (5) on the space
provided before each procedure. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
______After you have cleaned the tubing and silver brazed it properly, proceed to
vacuuming, leak testing, and recharging.
______Unplug the window air-conditioning unit and remove all electrical parts.
______Now you can cut the condenser from the unit.
______Use compress air or a refrigerant to push out all foreign matter. Use lacquer
thinner as a cleaning solvent to dissolve all dirt or rust.
______Adapt a flare nut and union at one end.
85
Servicing a Leaky Evaporator and Condenser
A Leak is a minor problem but it is not easy to locate it. There are many ways
of spotting leaks which are easy and affordable.
New leaks can be located by using a trace of spilled oil on the tube system
because this flows together with the leaking refrigerant.
If the leak happened a long time ago no trace can be seen. In this case, cut the
unit from the tube system and adapt a fitting to join the hose to the service tank. Then,
seal the other end of the tube and apply pressure of about 50 psi. Dip the evaporator
in a bucket of clear water and watch out for bubbles. Mark all the spots and silver
braze them properly. If the leak is the result of rusting that pops up one after the other,
better replace the tube with a new one. NEVER USE EPOXY TO PATCH LEAKS. It
may not withstand the pressure and temperature. When everything is done, go on with
vacuuming and recharging.
DRAFT
SELF-CHECK 4.4
86
Flushing
Directions: Perform the task of flushing of clogged condenser/evaporator unit.

1. Handling of instrument, 20
materials, and equipment
(Application)
2. Cleaning process 50
3. Applied safety techniques 20
evaporator coils
4. Speed 10
DRAFT
Applying Lye on Evaporator Fins and Condenser Coils
A mixture of water and lye, which is strong liquor rich in potassium carbonate
leached from wood ashes and used especially for making soap and for washing, can
be used to clean the evaporator and condenser coils.
Procedures:
1. Remove all the electrical parts of the window air-conditioning unit

2. Mix a can of lye and a quarter gallon of water in a plastic container.
3. Pour the mixture over the cooling fins of the evaporator and on the
condenser coils.
Note: After few applications, you will notice the formation of foam
accompanied by fumes. Avoid inhaling the fumes because this will damage
your respiratory system.
4. Apply the mixture for about two (2) to three (3) times.
5. Rinse it with pressurized water.
Safety Precautions
1. Avoid direct contact with lye on any part of the body.
2. Do not inhale the fumes produced by the lye mixture.
3. Avoid direct contact with the foam produced by the lye mixture.
4. Rinse immediately the body part that has made direct contact with the
chemical if the case arises.
87
SELF-CHECK 4.5
Cleaning the Condenser/Evaporator Coil with Lye Solution
Directions: Perform the procedure for cleaning the condenser/evaporator unit using
DRAFT
LYE.

1. Handling of instrument, 20
materials, and equipment
(Application)
2. Cleaning process 50
3. Applied safety techniques 20
evaporator coils
4. Speed 10
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT – QUARTER IV
88
1. It acts as a heat absorber by refrigerant absorption.

a. Evaporator
b. Condenser
c. Motor Compressor
d. Heat Exchanger
2. The regular pressure of the air compressor when pressure cleaning the
evaporator is _____.
a. 4.90 kg/cm
b. 5.90 kg/cm
c. 6.90 kg/cm
d. 7.90 kg/cm
3. Spraying at an angle is prohibited because _____.

a. the sprayer becomes inefficient.
b. it can bend the evaporator fins.
c. it will damage the sprayer nozzle.
d. the sprayer can add more dirt.
DRAFT
4. If the air compressor, soap, and water spray fail to clean the evaporator,
we can use _____.
a. water
b. steam jet
c. water and dishwashing liquid
d. sprayer
5. Bent fins cab be straightened using ______.

a. wide hose pliers
b. long hose pliers
c. side cutting pliers
d. hands
6. It insulates the condenser and evaporator; as a result, it hinders heat

transfer.
a. Dirt
b. Air
c. Pressure
d. Algae
7. The best remedy to a clogged-up condenser and evaporator is _____.
89
a. heating
b. cleaning
c. flushing
d. bending
8. The cleaning solvent used to dissolve dirt and rust is _____.

a. muriatic acid
b. kerosene
c. lacquer thinner
d. water
9. Lye and water should be mixed in a _____.

a. metal container
b. glass container
c. plastic container
d. fiberglass container
10. After pouring the mixture of lye and water on the condenser and evaporator,
fumes will soon be observed. The fumes should be avoided because_____.
a. it will damage the respiratory system.
b. it will damage the nervous system.
DRAFT
c. it will damage the skeletal system.
d. it will damage the heart.
11. Epoxy is not allowed for patching leaks because_____.

a. it will leave a mark
b. it will be an eyesore
c. it will not withstand the pressure and temperature
d. it will clog the system
12. A condenser is suspected to have leaks but no trace of spilled oil is

noticeable because_____.
a. it is only the refrigerant that will leak
b. the leak happened a long time ago
c. there is no oil in the tube system
d. the oil is present only in the compressor
13. If the leak is a result of rusting that pops up one after the other, the best
solution is to_____.
a. patch the leak with epoxy
b. silver braze the tube with leak
c. replace the tube with a new one
d. replace the entire tube system
14. Even a rather large tube system cannot avoid encountering clogging
90
because_____.
a. it is still made up of metal
b. it is exposed to atmospheric pressure
c. it is exposed to water
d. it is not designed to last a century
15. If a portion of the tube system is in trouble, this will result in improper cooling
in the evaporator and improper heating of the condenser because_____.
a. the compressor will not function properly
b. the atmospheric pressure influences the problem
c. the refrigerant supply inside the two tube system will be less than the
requirement, and this will affect the pressure cycle
d. the refrigerant supply inside the two tube system will exceed the
requirement and this will affect the pressure cycle
16. Cleaning the fins regularly is important because_____.

a. efficient heat transfer will be observed and would result in efficient air
conditioning.
b. inefficient heat transfer will be observed and would result in inefficient
air conditioning.
c. dirt insulates the condenser and evaporator
DRAFT
d. cleaning the fins will cause air obstruction
17. Cleaning the condenser on a regular basis is important otherwise_____.

a. it will develop rust if cleaning is done irregularly
b. it will cause high pressure in the compressor
c. it will cause high pressure in the condenser
d. it will cause high pressure in the evaporator
18. We apply pressurized water to the condenser and evaporator fins in a

vertical manner to avoid_____.
a. clogging in the tube system
b. too much pressure on the fins
c. bending the fins
d. improper removal of dirt
19. Cleaning the evaporator may require you to wrap the fan motor with plastic
bag to ______________.
a. protect the fan motor from being dirty
b. prevent water from damaging the fan motor
c. make the task faster
d. avoid cause the development of rust in the fan motor
20. Bent fins must be avoided especially in the evaporator coils because_____.
91
a. they are unpleasant to look at
b. they will accumulate dirt
c. this may damage the coil
d. this will lead to longer period of cleaning time
Test II. Jose believes that the evaporator of his room air-conditioner is icing. Identify
the five (5) symptoms that will confirm the guess of Jose. Choose from the pool of
answer below. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.
• Clean the air filter or replace it.

• The air filter is clogged or dirty.
• Lack of refrigerant
• Check for fan temperature or terminal resistance; repair or replace.
• Check the room temperature and if it drops below 70⁰F, the evaporator may
have frost.
• Room temperature is within low temperature.
• Check the outside room temperature.
• Check for leak; re-charge the system.
• Evaporator fan is tripping or defective.
DRAFT
1. _____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________
Test III. Directions: Listed below are the jumbled procedures for applying lye on the
evaporator fins. Arrange them in proper order by writing numbers from one (1) to five
(5) on the space provided before each procedure. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
______Pour the mixture over the cooling fins of the evaporator and on the condenser
coils.
______Remove all the electrical parts of the window air-conditioning unit.
______Apply the mixture for about two (2) to three (3) times.
______Mix a can of lye and a quarter gallon of water in a plastic container.
______Rinse it with pressurized water.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
92

Absolute Zero Temperature – It is the lowest temperature possible.
Air filter - It is a device used for removing dust particles made of porous
material that can strain small foreign particles from a fluid/air.
Ambient Noise – It is the background sound which is present in a source

location.
Anemometer (Hot Wire) - It has a flexible telescoping probe that has an air
sensor. Its operation depends upon the cooling effect of air flowing over an
electrically heated wire.
Anemometer (Rotating) - It has a small propeller that is attached to it that

revolves as the air flows past the blades.
Bag-Type Air Filters - These filters use fine fiberglass media within the bags
and remove microscopic particles.
Clamp ammeter - It is an Alternating Current measuring instrument.
Comfortable Temperatures – It is the absence of the sensation of either

warmth or coldness.
DRAFT
Condenser – It is a device used to liquefy gas by cooling.
Decibel – It is the unit used to indicate the intensity of a sound wave. A-weighted
Decibel Scale (dBA) is used to measure sound (noise).
Evaporator – It acts as a heating absorber by refrigerant absorption.
Extended Surface Filters – These are made of nonwoven cotton, producing

air-cleaning efficiency of up to three (3) times greater than fiberglass.
Fiberglass Filter Media - This material is usually an inch thick and coated with
a special non-drying, non-toxic adhesive on each fiber.
Flushing – The process of removing clog inside the tube system using high
pressured gas.
Heat – It is increase in the temperature of a substance.
Impulsive Noise – It is an unwanted sharp sound which consists of relatively

short duration noise pulses that can either be a single sound peak or multiple
sound pressure peaks.
Latent Heat - It is the metabolic heat generated in the body that is dissipated
to the environment through the skin by evaporation.
Lye - It is strong liquor rich in potassium carbonate leached from wood ashes
and used especially in making soap and for washing.
Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) - is developed by the American
93
Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers to identify how
good the filters are at trapping and retaining small particles.
Noise – It is the unwanted sound that is produced by the movement of an

object.
Noise Amplifier – This consists of hard and smooth surfaces that may catch
small vibrations.
Noise Carriers – These are rigid structures that can carry vibrations to places.
Noise Intrusions - It is a noise that stands out far above all other sounds and
interrupts without warning.
Pressure Drop – It is the restriction to airflow.
Priority Boundary Noise - is a noise that causes irritation to our neighbors.
Sensible Heat – It is characterized as the warming of the inhaled air.
Shivering – It the defense mechanism of the human body that indicates that
the temperature is very cold and uncomfortable.
Sound Pressure – is the strength in decibels of sound after it travels a specified
DRAFT
distance.
Sound Strength – is the total amount of sound in decibel coming from the
window air-con unit.
Sound Wave – the rapid changes of air pressure.
Steel Washable Air Filters - these filters are permanent and are washed rather
than replaced.
Temperature – It is the measure of the speed of motion of the atom.
Thermometer – It is the instrument used to measure the temperature of a

substance including air.
Transient Noise – It is a noise that occurs less frequently but has a longer
duration as compared to impulsive noise.
Velocimeter (Swinging Vane) - It is used to measure air duct velocities.
Vibration – It resonates through building materials and can cause headaches

and dizziness among humans.
Voltmeter - It is an instrument used to measure supply voltage in a power

source.
Wind-Chill – It is the uncomfortable feeling that humans experience when

exposed to fast moving air.
94
REFERENCES
Agpaoa, Feliciano C. Interior and Exterior Wiring and Troubleshooting, 1980.
Althouse/Turnquist/Bracciano. Modern refrigeration and air conditioning, 2000.
Cabangon, Joy Job. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning troubleshooting guide, 1996.
Garupa and Mangilinan. How to Repair Ref and Freezers, First Edition 1998.
Garupa Melchor. Refrigerator and Window-Type Air-conditioning specialist book 1-4,

1996.
Strengthen Technical Vocational Education Program/Competency Based Learning

Module.
DRAFT
95

Rac

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Rac

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)

Content Standards Performance Standards

Time Allotment: 4 hours

To start with this module, let us first understand entrepreneurs and

Entrepreneurs are agent of economic change; they organize, manage and

Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is not just a simple business activity. It is a

Now that you have background knowledge about entrepreneurs and

Task 1: Matching Type

Task 2: Guide Questions

A. Explain why entrepreneurial activities are important to social development and

Figure 1: Strategic process to achieve the objectives of this module

Reading Resources and Instructional Activities

Task 3: Group Activity

1. Explain the importance of assessing one’s PECs before engaging in a particular

5. What is the significance of evaluating PECs of a successful entrepreneur?

DRAFTAssessment of Personal Entrepreneurial

Below are few important characteristics / traits / attributes of a good entrepreneur:

• Hardworking: One of the important characteristics of a good entrepreneur

• Disciplined: Successful entrepreneurs always stick to the plan and resist

• Ability to Accept Change: Nothing is permanent except change. Change

• Creative: An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to stay in the

• Profit-Oriented: An entrepreneur enters into the world of business to

Listed below are the important skills of a successful entrepreneur:

• Sound Decision Maker: Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to think

In order to firm up what you have learned and to have a better

Table 1: PECs Checklist

Hardworking (works diligently towards a goal)

Possess People Skill (communicates effectively with

How was your experience in discovering your strengths and the

Sample Interview Guide

Name of Proprietor/Practitioner: _________________________________________

Age: _______________ Number of Years in Business: _______________________

Business Name: _____________________________________________________

Business Address: ___________________________________________________

After performing the activities on the importance of PECs, let’s

Task 6: Preparation of a Plan of Action

Task 7: Essential Questions

3. What plan of action would you do to address your development areas?

To be successful in any kind of business venture, potential entrepreneurs

SWOT Analysis is a managerial tool to assess the environment. This gathers

Opportunities and threats exist in the external environment. Opportunities relate

Now that you have read some important considerations to consider to be

• identify what is of “value” to the customer;

1. This is generated by examining the goods and services sold in the

Task 2: Guide Questions:

1. How does one determine the product or services to be produced and/

2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?

3. When can one say that a certain product has “value”?

4. Is innovation and creativity to your product or services important? Why?

6. Express from the viewpoint of business owner the importance of scanning

7. Using self-assessment, explain your level of confidence in formulating a

Learning Goals and Target

Figure 2: Strategic process to reach the objectives of this module

Reading Resources and Instructional Activities

These questions include the following:

1. For whom are the product/services?

1. basic commodities for consumption;

To summarize, product development entirely depends on the needs and wants

Concepts of Developing a Product

Figure 3: Stages of Concept Development

The process of product development has the following stages:

1. Identify Customer Needs: Using survey forms, interviews, researches,

Age: _ Number of Years in Business: _________