Criterion

D Summative
---- Cancer
By: Sue
01
Cancer and
Cell Cycle
 Relationship between Cancer and Cell Cycle
----MUTATION Cyclins
positive regulator
checkpoint CDK
negative regulator P21
P53
proto-oncogenes positive regulator Rb

Tumor suppressor genes negative regulator

02
How cancer cells are
different from normal cells
How cancer cells are different from normal cells

Normal cells Cancer cells

growth will stop growing will not stop growing

Communication respond to other cells don’t respond to other cells

Cell repair and cell will be repaired and die will not be repaired or
apoptosis
death

Stickiness can secrete substances and can not secrete substances

stick together and stick together

Ability to Metastasize stay in the area and the same stay in the area and the same
organ or tissue organ or tissue
(Spread)
 03
Diagnosis
 Diagnosis
Biopsy

in most case,
collect your
biopsy is the
sample of your
only way to
cells to test
diagnosis

Normal cells cancer cells (less

(uniformed, similar size, uniformed, different size,
orderly organization messy organization
 Diagnosis
physical exam

doctor will look for

abnormal things

skin color change,

abnormal of your organ
 Diagnosis

Laboratory tests

urine and blood tests

To know something and

abnormal things that
caused by cancer
 imaging test

check your bones and

organs in a noninvasive
way.

X-Ray
CT Scan PET Scan
Bone scan MRI
04
Treatment
 surgery(stage 1/2)
- remove the tumor from the
body
- safe
- not painful

- cannot kill all of cancer cells

- damage some tissue or organ
- get other condition
- can’t remove cancer from your body
Radiation therapy( stage
1/2/3/4)
- shrink the tumor
- kill a lot of cancer cells
- safe
- not painful

- maybe damage the tissue and organ

- can’t kill all of cancer cells

- not working for some of people
- might have effect on blood or other
parts of your body.
chemotherapy( stage 3/4)
- using drugs to kill cancer cells
- control the growth of cancer cells
- shrink the growth of cancer cells
- reduce the probability of second
cancer
 Immunotherapy
- uses your body's immune system
to fight with cancer.
- helping your immune system find
the cancer
- helping your immune system
attack it

- sometimes will not attack cancer

- or attack normal cells
 Hormone therapy
- blocking the hormone
- remove the hormone
- can stop growing of cancer cell

- bone loss
- risk of fractures
- cardiovascular disease
Stage 1 Stage 2

- Surgery - Surgery
- Radiation therapy - Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Hormone therapy

Stage 3 Stage 4
- Immunotherapy - Immunotherapy
- Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy
- Hormone therapy
 05
Prevention
 Prevention

1. protect yourself 2. Eat healthy 3. Don’t smoke tobacco

from sun

4. Drink less alcohol

 Prevention

5. get vaccinated

6. check healthy
on time
References
7 healthy habits that can reduce your risk of cancer. (2018, November 28).
Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/cancer-prev
ention/art-20044816
Types of Cancer Treatment. (0AD). Retrieved from
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types
Eldridge, L. (2019, September 9). Cancer Cells vs. Normal Cells: How Are They
Different? Retrieved from
https://www.verywellhealth.com/cancer-cells-vs-normal-cells-2248794
Cancer. (2018, December 12). Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/diagnosis-treatment/dr
c-20370594
THANKS