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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Same-sex marriage, the practice of marriage between two men or betweentwo

women. Although same-sex marriage has been regulated through law, religion, and
custom in most countries of the world, the legal and social responses have ranged from
celebration on the one hand to criminalization on the other. Some scholars, most notably
the Yale professor and historian John Boswell (1947–94), have argued that same-sex
unions were recognized by the Roman Catholic Church in medieval Europe, although
others have disputed this claim. Scholars and the general public became increasingly
interested in the issue during the late 20th century, a period when attitudes toward
homosexuality and laws regulating homosexual behavior were liberalized, particularly in
western Europe and the United States. The issue of same-sex marriage frequently sparked
emotional and political clashes between supporters and opponents. By the early 21st
century, several jurisdictions, both at the national and subnational levels, had legalized
same-sex marriage; in other jurisdictions, constitutional measures were adopted to
prevent same-sex marriages from being sanctioned, or laws were enacted that refused to
recognize such marriages performed elsewhere. That the same act was evaluated so
differently by various groups indicates its importance as a social issue in the early 21st
century; it also demonstrates the extent to which cultural diversity persisted both within
and among countries. For tables on same-sex marriage around the world, in the United
States, and in Australia.Perhaps the earliest systematic analyses of marriage and kinship
were conducted by the Swiss legal historian Johann JakobBachofen (1861) and the
American ethnologist Lewis Henry Morgan (1871); by the mid-20th century an enormous
variety of marriage and sexual customs across cultures had been documented by such
scholars. Notably, they found that most cultures expressed an ideal form of marriage and
an ideal set of marriage partners, while also practicing flexibility in the application of
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those ideals. Among the more common forms so documented were common-law
marriage; morganatic marriage, in which titles and property do not pass to children;
exchange marriage, in which a sister and a brother from one family marry a brother and a
sister from another; and group marriages based on polygyny (co-wives) or polyandry (co-
husbands). Ideal matches have included those between cross-cousins, between parallel
cousins, to a group of sisters (in polygyny) or brothers (in polyandry), or between
different age sets. In many cultures the exchange of some form of surety, such as bride
service, bride wealth, or dowry, has been a traditional part of the marriage contract.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study focus on the perception of HUMSS student on the same sex marriage.
Specially, this study aimed to know the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

a. Name
b. Age
c. Sex
d. Track/Strand

2. The HUMSS students against in Same Sex Marriage?

3. The HUMSS students have negative thoughts about Same Sex Marriage?
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study had a great significance towards the individual, groups or organization.
This study will help Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and Transgender or LGBT
Community in terms of becoming their voice in the society. Specially to focus on the
Perception of HUMSS students about Same Sex Marriage.

ASSUMPTIONOF THE STUDY

 To know the demographic profiles of the respondents;
 To know their different perception on the Same Sex Marriage
 To know if they are against Same Sex Marriage

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study is focus on the perception of HUMSS students on the Same Sex
Marriage in FEAPITSAT College of Dasmarinas
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Perception- away of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something; a mental

impression.
Intimacy- refers to close and loving relationships such as marriages and
relationships between close friends. It is also sometimes used to refer to sexual
relationships.
Invoked- cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in
support of an argument.
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Sexuality- is just one of those things you are born with, you do not choose it, its just
part of who you are, whether you be physically, emotionally & sexually attracted to
males, females, or even both.
Procreation-the process by which an organism produces others of its biological kind.
Culture-the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes
an institution or organization.
Homosexual-relating to, or characterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire
toward another of the same sex.
Jurisdiction-the authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

A. FOREIGN LITERATURE

According to Hunter (2012) same-sex relationships have already significantly

altered family law, by leading to new formal relationship statuses and incorporation of
the principle that both of a child’s legal parents can be of the same sex. This essay
explores further changes that may lie ahead as same-sex marriage debates increasingly
affect both family law and the social meanings of marriage. Marriage as an institution has
changed most dramatically because of the cumulative effects of the last half-century of
de-gendering family law. Same-sex marriage–and perhaps even more so, the highly
visible cultural debate over it is contributing to this process. The author argues that the
greatest potential for changes in social meaning will arise in three areas for which there is
empirical evidence of significant differences between gay and straight couples: division
of household labor, sexual exclusivity, and childrearing. In each, although recent data
indicate some signs of converging behaviours between the two types of couples, major
differences appear likely to continue. While the number of same-sex couples in the
population is too small to produce significant change in overall patterns of behavior, the
issue of gay marriage has generated so much attention and debate that a mixed process of
gay assimilation to and effect on the social meaning of marriage is a reasonable
expectation.As to future legal change, the author identifies three questions likely to arise
in the relatively near future that will flow, directly or indirectly, from same-sex marriage:
First, we may see an increasing uptake by different-sex couples of marriage equivalent
and marriage alternative statuses (e.g., domestic partnerships) that have grown out of
LGBT rights efforts. If present demographic trends continue, the group of different-sex
couples most likely to seek access to these new statuses will be persons middle-aged or
older.Second, federal recognition of same-sex marriage, which will occur if the Defences
of Marriage Act is invalidated or repealed, could significantly increase the number of
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same-sex couples who marry. The end of DOMA is also likely to further complicate the
law of interstate recognition, as more gay couples have their marriages recognized for
federal law purposes, such as tax, but not under state laws that regulate divorce, custody
and property division. Since 60 per cent of same-sex marriages are performed for out-of-
state residents, the complexity of federal-state conflict regarding recognition of particular
marriages is likely to increase dramatically.Lastly, the author questions whether the issue
of “accidental procreation” that has become a theme in court decisions related to same-
sex marriage may migrate to marriage law more generally. In particular, she suggests that
a more stringent set of rules expanding support obligations in marriages (whether of
different- or same-sex spouses) in which children are born or adopted would better serve
the purposes advanced by social conservatives who purport to argue on behalf of
children’s welfare.

Same Sex Marriage: Global Comparison

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 26, 2015, that the Constitution grants
same-sex couples the right to marry, effectively legalizing same-sex marriage in the
thirteen states where it remained banned. The five-to-four ruling, which extends to U.S.
territories, came amid dramatic shifts in public opinion: 62 percent of Americans polled
in 2017 approved of same-sex marriage, up from 35 percent in 2001.The ruling came less
than two decades after President Bill Clinton signed the Defences of Marriage Act
(DOMA), which defined marriage as a union between a man and a woman, thereby
denying same-sex couples federal marriage benefits, such as access to health-care, social
security, and tax benefits, as well as green cards for immigrant spouses of U.S. citizens.
In June 2013, the Supreme Court struck down the parts of DOMA that denied federal
benefits to same-sex couples. Despite these Supreme Court rulings, a debate continues in
the United States between advocates of legal equality and those arguing that individuals
and institutions have the right to object to same-sex marriages on the basis of religious
belief. The court is expected in December 2017 to decide on a case in which a Colorado
baker refused to make a wedding cake for a same-sex couple, violating the state’s civil
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rights law. The Justice Department has argued that compelling the baker to do so would
violate his First Amendment rights, since his cakes are a “form of expression.” Despite
this ruling, some states have not repealed their sodomy laws and local law enforcement
officers have used these statutes to harass or arrest gay people. Prior to the 2003 Supreme
Court ruling in Lawrence v. Texas, same-sex sexual activity was illegal in fourteen US
states, Puerto Rico, and the US military.

International Norms, Democracy, and LGBT Rights

According to Reid (2017) more than half of the countries that allow same-sex
marriage are in Western Europe. Same-sex marriasge has been legalized in the
Netherlands (2001), Belgium (2003), Spain (2005), Norway (2009), Sweden (2009),
Portugal (2010), Iceland (2010), Denmark (2012), France (2013), the United Kingdom
(2013), Luxembourg (2015), Ireland (2015), Finland (2017), Malta (2017), and Germany
(2017). Italy is the largest Western European country where same-sex marriage is not
legal, though its parliament approved civil unions for same-sex couples in 2016. Support
for same-sex marriage is weaker in Eastern Europe. A 2017 Pew Research Center poll
found that support for legal recognition of same-sex marriage is 16 percent in Belarus and
just 9 percent in Ukraine. Support in Poland and Hungary, which both have constitutional
bans on same-sex marriage, is 32 percent and 27 percent, respectively. At least ten other
countries in central and Eastern Europe have such prohibitions. Hungary and the Czech
Republic, however, do recognize same-sex partnerships. Estonia also allows civil unions,
though popular support for same-sex marriage in the Baltic states is low. More than half
of the countries that allow same-sex marriage are in Western Europe. In 2013, Russia
made it a crime to distribute “propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships among
minors.” More than a dozen people have been fined for violations, including participating
in protests and sharing articles on social media. Human rights groups say the law is a tool
for anti-LGBT discrimination, and Europe’s top human rights court ruled that it is illegal
in June 2017; though the decision is binding, the court has few means to enforce it. In
Chechnya, a semiautonomous republic within Russia, dozens of men suspected of being
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gay have been detained, tortured, and even killed since March in a crackdown on the
LGBT community. Despite growing support for same-sex marriage in many European
countries, divisions remain. While Ireland became the first country in the world to
legalize same-sex marriage through popular referendum, lawmakers in Northern Ireland
have defeated bills to legalize same-sex marriage four times

B. LOCAL LITERATURE

Philippines' Duterte says he wants same-sex marriage legalised

Manila - Firebrand President Rodrigo Duterte has said he wants same-sex
marriage legalised in the Philippines, a move that would bring him into conflict with the
dominant Roman Catholic Church. Duterte, a long-time critic of the church which counts
about 80% of Filipinos as followers, made the remarks in a speech before the LGBT
community in his southern home city of Davao late on Sunday."I want same-sex
marriage. The problem is we'll have to change the law. But we can change the law," he
said to wide applause."The law says marriage is a union between a man and a woman. I
don't have any problems making it marrying a man, marrying a woman or whatever is the
predilection of the human being," he added.Divorce, abortion and same-sex marriage are
still illegal in the Philippines due largely to the influence of the Catholic
Church.ButDuterte, who took office in mid-2016, has actively attacked the church,
accusing the clergy of sexual abuses and hypocrisy.'Whatever makes you happy .The
church in turn has been one of the most outspoken critics of Duterte, particularly his
human rights record. Thousands of people have been killed by police under the
president's centrepiece "war on drugs" policy.Duterte, whose allies control both houses of
Congress, did not specify how same-sex marriage would be legalised."Whatever makes
you happy, I will give it to you. Why would I stop it? Why impose a morality that is no
longer working and almost passed " hesaid.Naomi Fontanos, executive director of Ganda
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Filipinas, a transgender activist group, said she welcomed the president's remarks but
added that "we hope it's not just an exercise in tokenism".

LGBT Identity Crisis and Development

Dr. Margarita Go Singco- Holmes, a psychologist, wrote a book entitled A
Different Love: Being a gay man in the Philippines (2005), which is composed of the
mails she received from gay men who seek advice from her regarding the problems and
issues they currently face at the time. One of the common problems of these men were
about their sexuality—that they weren’t sure what they really were and they also weren’t
so sure about “coming out” to the people close to them, such as their family and friends.
These experiences could be supported through two of these stage models, despite there
being many, on the “stages” LGBT people ex On the one hand, according to Plummer
(1975), there are four stages in identity formation, namely: Sensitization (where one
thinks about one’s sexual identity), Significance and disorientation (accepting that one
has deviated from the social norm and has accepted the consequences that would follow),
Coming out (where one, as they say, “goes public” and is more firm with one’s identity),
and Stabilization (where one doesn’t question his/her sexual identity any longer.)
Plummer argues, however, the one who has reached the last stage is “being imprisoned
by his own deviancy and will suffer a new form of oppression by his own sexual
subgroup On the other hand, Coleman (1982) suggests that there are five stages to this
formation, which are: Before coming out (the individual feels strongly different which
results to low self-esteem and feeling “abnormal”), Coming out (being able to resolve the
aforementioned crisis and is seeking acceptance from friends, most especially
heterosexual friends as gaining acceptance from them has a more positive reaction for
their self-acceptance), Exploration (where they start to get curious what being their
sexuality really is; this is usually being done through sexual tendencies), First
relationships (where they start to have a serious relationship with someone, and that they
have a more stable self identity), and Integration (where the individual strengthens the
bond between one’s private and public self). However, this differs as Coleman stated that
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even though one has reached the last stage, one may still experience the other stages
again, as well; but he also adds that it would be difficult to reach the last stage if there
were still complications from the prior stages .In 2013, psychologist Dr. Camille Garcia
talked about “Being Gay” in a television show in TV5. She answered some of the
frequently asked questions regarding being gay and gay parenting. In Dr. Garcia’s words:
“True gayness comes out at pubertal stage.” She also mentioned that it is wrong for
parents to encourage the behaviour and allow the child the child to think that they will be
accepted no matter what their sexuality is; she also included religion in the argument by
saying that God gave parents either a girl or a boy. Furthermore, she stated that parents
should ‘arrest’ the situation and talk to the child, saying that it is wrong to be attracted to
the same sex and discuss fully the moral and complex implications of the issue. Aside
from these, she also shared that although being gay is a genetic predisposition, it can still
be fixed through lifestyle and preference. Lastly, she ended her interview by saying that
parents should not encourage their children to be gay. However, when the time comes
where they are able to make decisions for themselves—whatever sexuality they may
choose—the parents would always accept their children identity formation.

Same-sex marriage in the Philippines

Don’t expect Obama’s endorsement of same-sex marriage to have an impact here.

It was a historical and an inspiring gesture, one that would galvanize a changing cultural
perspective on same-sex relationships inside and outside America. Here, it would spark
debates on our readiness for same-sex marriage, but don’t hold your breath: it won’t alter
anything here fundamentally. Don’t even think that this would suddenly lead President
Aquino to push his allies in Congress to enact a law legalizing same-sex marriage. t just
won’t happen.
This is not to say that the social attitudes and behavior of Filipinos toward homosexuality
and same-sex marriage are not changing. They are, and social media has triggered a shift
in how we digest controversial topics that in the past have been filtered and controlled by
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traditional institutions, such as the Church and our schools. I’m not saying that Filipinos
are now more pro-LGBT, but the overall mood is changing, and there’s more openness to
engage in an issue that is still otherwise considered taboo .Social media has democratized
access to a wider range of narratives and stories on LGBTs and made them part of our
common experiences, creating a climate that could help dismantle oppressive stereotypes
about homosexuality. The bullying of LGBT kids in American schools, for instance, a
Canadian transgender joining the Miss Universe, the coming out of Hollywood celebrities
- these have all catalyzed conversations here. And while we know that these happened
elsewhere, we have embraced the universal elements of these stories.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter construct different research procedure. The researchers prudently

studied what methods, procedures, and techniques to be used in conducting an effective
study. The researchers gathered information and data based on the perception on
respondents. This part comprises the research environment, research design and source of
data.

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
The researchers study focused on the perception of HUMSS Student located in
FEAPITSAT College of Dasmarinas. The researchers believed enough information or
data related to the research study.

RESEARCH DESIGN
The research study was conducted using the descriptive method because the study
was intended to investigate. The Perception of HUMSS Students on the Same Sex
Marriage. The study took the qualitative approach because it was based on interview
through words and own perspective of various student.

SOURCE OF DATA
The sources of data is the respondents of this research who were at least 10
respondents from Grade 11 HUMSS Students of FEAPITSAT College of Dasmarinas for
the interview. The issue of this study and the here in respondents were particularly
chosen since the researchers believe that the samples are adequate for the proper analysis
of the problem.
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CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter oversees the results of the study which starts with brief introduction
of the respondents, their names and/ or pseudonyms, along with the demographic profile
listed to further analyze the results.

FIGURE 1.Demographic profile of the respondents.

Name Age Sex Track/ Strand

1. James Hapin 18 Male HUMSS
2. BlessyMercano 17 Female HUMSS
3. Joseph Furing 19 Male HUMSS
4 .JovelynApino 15 Female HUMSS
5. Rose Ann Capistrano 17 Female HUMSS
6. Marjorie Aquino 16 Female HUMSS
7. Angela Gerong 17 Female HUMSS
8. Agustin Mingute 17 Male HUMSS
9. Miguel Limpot 17 Male HUMSS
10. Bella Manilla 17 Female HUMSS

Figure 1 Shows the demographic profile of the respondents.

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SUMMARY OF NARRATIVE:

1. Why some people against in Same Sex Marriage?

1 .a James Hapin“ Because all of people know that God's create only two kind of people,
women and men ”

1 .b BlessyMercano“ Because many people are not understand the Same Sex Marriage ”

1 .c Joseph Furing“ Some people are against in Same Sex Marriage because they believe
in belief that God created people is just two sex that is Male/Female ”

1 .d JovelynApino“ Because some people thinks that there is only 2 gender a boy and a
girl ”

1 .e Rose ann Capistrano “ Because they thought people won't respect bible and God ”

1 .f Marjorie Aquino “ Because they are not the one of LGBT ”

1 .g Angela Gerong “ Because of their religion ”

1 .hAgustinMingute “ One of the reason is people can’t accept LGBT. Also

discrimination to them is relevant ”

1 .i Miguel Limpot “ Because people believe that man is for woman and woman is for
man ”

1 .j Bella Manilla“ Because God created man is for woman and woman for man ”

2. Why Same Sex Marriage can't be approved in our country?

2 .a James Hapin“ Because there's some people are against to Same Sex Marriage not just
ordinary people even the religious group”

2 .b BlessyMercano“ Because our country are not ready to this kind of issue”
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2. c Joseph Furing “ Same Sex Marriage can't approved in our country because its
unhuman sex to many people . In short word its not right ”

2 .d JovelynApino“ Because there is inequality or discrimination in our country”

2 .e Rose ann Capistrano “ Because our country still believe in traditions and beliefs”

2.f Marjorie Aquino “ Because our country is not ready for that issue”

2 .g Angela Gerong “Because Catholic religion beliefs in boy is for girl and girl is for
boy ”

2 .h AgustinMingute “ Philippine may not be ready at this time for Same Sex Marriage
too revolutionary ”

2 .iMiguelLimpot “ Because the Philippines is mostly have a Catholic religion ”

2 .j Bella Manilla“ Because it can’t accept by all of people in our country it can cause
discrimination ”

3. What is the reason why some people have negative thoughts about Same Sex
Marriage?

3 .a James Hapin“ Because this is not a good idea and giving some bad image that could
criticize”

3 .b BlessyMercano“ Because they not agree about it”

3 .c Joseph Furing “Some people have negative thoughts about Same Sex Marriage
because they want to obey our law and the law of God”

3 .d JovelynApino“ Because they are not accept there gender”

3 .e Rose ann Capistrano “ They thought that its against the law and bible”

3 .f Marjorie Aquino “ A law that approves male to male/Female to female relationship”

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3 .gAngelaGerong “ Many people have negative thought about Same Sex Marriage
because they see that is not good in our country ”

3 .h AgustinMingute “Some people have negative thoughts to Same Sex Marriage they
think that the people behind is immoral ”

3 .i Miguel Limpot “They think negative thought because the child can be confused /
affected by their form relationship ”

3 .j Bella Manilla “Because it is not usual for every people or it is not common in
human’s mind ”

4. What is your perception about Same Sex Marriage?

4 .a James Hapin“ Not good idea because it's about Same Sex Marriage .In bible there's
no verse or word that saying Same Sex Marriage is God's want”

4 .b BlessyMercano “Same Sex Marriage are also a person that they need to be respect
and accept”

4 .c Joseph Furing“ It's not right to have Same Sex Marriage in the Philippines”

4 .d JovelynApino“ I Think that Same Sex Marriage is about the marriage between the
same Gender”

4 .e Rose ann Capistrano “ I am not agree in Same Sex Marriage because it look like they
dont't respect God and the article in bible”

4 .f Marjorie Aquino “ A law that approves male to male and female to female
relationship ”

4 .gAngelaGerong“ Same Sex Marriage is bad because only opposite sex will marriage ”

4 .h Agustin Mingute“ Majority of the Filipinos are against the legalization of Same Sex
Marriage in the Philippines ”
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4 .iMiguelLimpot “ May perception about Same Sex Marriage is I am against it ”

4 .j Bella Manilla“ I’m not agree with that because I believe in God’s truth ”

5. How would you show to them that they are suppose to be given respect?

5 .aJamesHapin“ Respect them how they respect you because they’re also a human
beings ”

5 .bBlessyMercano“ By giving them acceptance and show that they are also important in
our society ”

5 .cJosephFuring“ Give them an equal rights in what they had or what they are wanna be
”

5 .dJovelynApino“ Be good at them and show respect ”

5 .eRoseann Capistrano “ I will socialize the in right way. Help them to build their
confidence to face the society ”

5 .fMarjorie Aquino “ Support their vision and advocacy ”

5 .g Angela Gerong“ By supporting them and to be happy whatever they do ”

5 .h AgustinMingute “All of us has a right to be respect from other people but the issue
is the people behind the Same Sex union didn’t commit any crime just to be
discriminated and disrespect ”

5 .iMiguelLimpot “I can show respect by treating them equally as I treat other people ”

5 .j Bella Manilla“ I’m not agree with them, but I respect their decision knowing that they
have free will to do whatever they want
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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter includes the Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations of the

study.
This research sought to know “The Perception of HUMSS Students on the Same
Sex Marriage"
Especially, this study sought to answer the following questions:

3. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

e. Name
f. Age
g. Sex
h. Track/Strand

2. The HUMSS students against in Same Sex Marriage?

4. The HUMSS students have negative thoughts about Same Sex Marriage?

This study used a descriptive qualitative research designed to “The Perception of

HUMSS Students on the Same Sex Marriage ". There were 10 respondents as the
formulated numbers of sample who participated in the study
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CONCLUSION

1. The counter argument to traditional marriage is the lack of equality for same sex
couples.

2. Most of the respondents are not agree about Same Sex Marriage.

3. High levels of acceptance among religious group.

4. The legalization of Same-Sex Marriage is a great step forward not only for gay people
but for human rights.

RECOMMENDATION

The researcher recommend this study for students and others that have open mind
to consider broader study of Same Sex Marriage in our country. A wider study highlights
the advantage and disadvantage of adopting Same Sex Marriage in our country.
Especially the legal sense, to which the issue may depend its constitutionality. And lastly
the behavior of the society towards the Same Sex Marriage and the eyes of law requires
an adjustment to reach equality and to surpass the gender discrimination.