GROUP 2

KANT’S MORAL PHILOSOPHY &

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF SELECTED COUNTRIES IN
THE WORLD
 Finland
 United Sates of America
 Singapore
 Nigeria
 Canada

I. Kant’s Moral Philosophy

Imperatives – refer to as command

Two types of Imperatives

1. Hypothetical Imperatives- commands you follow if you want something

 “Most of the time, whether or not we ought to do something isn’t really a moral
choice instead it’s just contingent on our desires.”
 Kant view this imperative as prudence rather than morality
2. Categorical Imperatives -commands you must follow, regardless of your desires.
Moral obligations are derived from pure reasons.
A. The Universalizability Principle
“Act only according to that maxim (a rule or principle of action) which you can at
the same time that it should become a universal law (something that must be
done in similar situation) without contradiction.”
 Kant said that moral action cannot bring about contradiction.
 It’s not fair to make exceptions for yourself.
 Kant explained that an action should be applied to universal law.

B. The Formula of Humanity

“Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of
another, always as an end, and never as a mere means.” (to use it only for your
own benefit, with no thought to the interests or benefit of the thing you’re using)

 Manipulation to one’s autonomy is immorality.

II. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF SELECTED COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

A. Finland
 National curriculum framework

The Finnish education system consists of:

 early childhood education and care which is provided for children before the compulsory
education begins,
 pre-primary education which is provided for children in the year preceding the beginning
of compulsory education,
 nine-year basic education (comprehensive school), which is compulsory,
 upper secondary education, which is either general upper secondary education or
vocational education and training, and
 higher education provided by universities and universities of applied sciences.
 Furthermore, adult education is available at all levels.

B. United Sates of America

 K to 12 Curriculum
Educational System of United Sates of America
 6 years (Primary/Elementary School)
 6 years (Secondary School)
 2 programs: middle school (junior high school) and high school
 Types of U.S. Higher Education

1. State College or University

2. Private College or University
3. Community College
4. Institute of Technology

The U.S. Higher Education System: Levels of Study

1. Undergraduate
2. Graduate in pursuit of Master’s Degree
3. Graduate in pursuit of Doctorate Degree

C. Singapore
 Broad-based Curriculum
 The curriculum is designed to develop the character, mind and body of our students. It
serves to nurture in them values and to develop their knowledge, skills and dispositions.
Our curriculum provides learning experiences for our students to actively interact and bond
with others. In doing so, they become aware that they are part of society. Through this, they
learn to embrace diversity and collaborate with people from different backgrounds
 They believe in holistic education centred on values and character development.

 Pre-school – optional for ages (3-6)

 Primary School Education – compulsory (7-12)
 Secondary School – mandatory (12-17)
 Post-Secondary Education – (pre-university for 2-3 years)

D. Nigeria
 Nine years Basic Education Curriculum

 Basic education (9 years – 6 years primary education and 3 years junior secondary
education
 Post-basic education/ senior secondary (3 years)
 Tertiary education (4 – 6 years)

Education:

 9 years basic education is mandatory

 Administered by the federal, state and local governments
 At the end of grade 9, pupils are awarded the Basic Education Certificate (BEC)
 At the tertiary level, the system consists of a university sector and a non-university sector.
 The crisis of the economy affects the education system (80% of the budget money goes to
repay foreign loans).
 Only 1% of the total population enter universities.
 According to the United Nations, 8.73 million elementary school-aged children in 2010 did
not participate in education at all, making Nigeria the country with the highest number of
out-of-school children in the world.

E. Canada
-No specific Curriculum (every provincial government is responsible for their own curriculum)

Four Stages in Education

 Pre-school/Early childhood (4-5)
 Primary/Elementary education (6-12)
Grade 1-6
 Secondary education (12-17)
G7 and G8 (Junior high school)
G9 to G12 (High school)- focuses vocational skills
 Post-secondary/Tertiary education - optional
Education:

 School is mandatory for all Canadians

 Most schools are public
 Post-secondary education is paid by the government
 Schools offer additional extra-curricular activities