Alpha and Omega

Alpha (Α or α) and omega (Ω or ω) are the first and last letters of the Greek
alphabet, and a title of Christ and God in the Book of Revelation. This pair of
letters are used as Christian symbols,[1] and are often combined with the Cross,
Chi-rho, or other Christian symbols.

The Greek letters alpha and omega

Contents
Origin
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
See also
References
External links

Origin
The term Alpha and Omega comes from the phrase "I am Alpha and Omega" (Koiné Greek: "ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ"), an
appellation of Jesus[2] in the Book of Revelation (verses 1:8, 21:6, and 22:13). The first part of this phrase ("I am the Alpha and
Omega") is first found in Chapter 1 verse 8 ("1:8"), and is found in every manuscript of Revelation that has 1:8. Several later
manuscripts repeat "I am the Alpha and Omega" in 1:11 too, but do not receive support here from most of the oldest manuscripts,
including the Alexandrine, Sinaitic, and Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus. It is, therefore, omitted in some modern translations.
Scholar Robert Young stated, with regard to "I am the Alpha and Omega" in 1:11, the "oldest [manuscripts] omit" it.[3]

A similar reference is in Isaiah 44[4][5], where the Lord says to be the first and the one who is after all.

Christianity
Alpha (Α) and omega (Ω) are the first and last letters, respectively, of the classical (Ionic) Greek alphabet. Thus, twice when the
phrase "I am the alpha and the omega" appears it is further clarified with the additional phrase, "the beginning and the end"
(Revelation 21:6, 22:13). The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet were used because the book of Revelation is in the New
Testament, which was originally written in Greek.

This phrase is interpreted by many Christians to mean that Jesus has existed for all eternity or that God is eternal. Though many
commentators and dictionaries ascribe the title "the alpha and the omega" to both God and to Christ,[6] some secular sources
argue otherwise. Barnes' Notes on the New Testament (1974) claims: "It cannot be absolutely certain that the writer meant to refer
to the Lord Jesus specifically here ... There is no real incongruity in supposing, also, that the writer here meant to refer to God as
such."[7] Most Christian denominations also teach that the title applies to both Jesus and his Father.

The letters Alpha and Omega in juxtaposition are often used as a Christian visual symbol (see examples). The symbols were used
in early Christianity and appear in the Roman catacombs. The letters were shown hanging from the arms of the cross in Early
Christian art, and some crux gemmata, jeweled crosses in precious metal, have formed letters hanging in this way, called pendilia;
for example, in the Asturian coat of arms, which is based upon the Asturian Victory Cross. In fact, despite always being in Greek,
the letters became more common in Western than Eastern Orthodox Christian art. They are often shown to the left and right of
Christ's head, sometimes within his halo, where they take the place of the Christogram used in Orthodox art.

The Chi-rho symbol with Alpha and The Greek letters alpha and omega
Omega, Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome surround the halo of Jesus in the
catacombs of Rome from the 4th
century

"ΑΩ" in stained glass Arms with Alpha and Omega

Judaism
In Rabbinic literature, the word emet (‫ אמת‬meaning "truth"), one of the names of God in Judaism, has been interpreted as
consisting of the first, middle, and final letters of the Hebrew alphabet.

Islam
The Qur'an gives al'Awwal (‫)اﻷول‬, meaning "The First" and al'Akhir (‫)اﻵﺧﺮ‬, meaning "The Last" as two of the names of God:
57:3 (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D57%3Averse%3D3).

See also
Alpha and Omega (disambiguation)
 Attributes of God in Christianity
Chi Rho
Christian symbolism
Everything
Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
Names of God in Islam
Names of God in Judaism

References
1. Gauding, Madonna (2009). The Signs and Symbols Bible: The Definitive Guide to Mysterious Markings. New
York, NY: Sterling Pub. Co. p. 84. ISBN 9781402770043.
2. "The Book of Revelation" (http://www.ccel.org/bible/phillips/CP27RevelationRed.htm). CCEL.org.. The words are
used by Jesus according to the translation of J. B. Philipps, in which he places these words in red to indicate that
it is Jesus speaking.
3. Young, Robert (1977). Young's Concise Commentary on the Holy Bible. p. 180.
4. Isaiah 44:6-8
5. Interlinear Greek English Septuagint Old Testament (LXX) (https://archive.org/details/InterlinearGreekEnglishSep
tuagintOldTestamentPrint/page/n2431) (in Ancient Greek and English). p. 2432. Archived (http://archive.is/https://
archive.org/stream/InterlinearGreekEnglishSeptuagintOldTestamentPrint/Interlinear%20Greek-English%20Septu
agint%20Old%20Testament%20-%20print_djvu.txt) from the original on May 23, 2018.
6. The New Bible Dictionary, edited by Alton Bryant; Bible Dictionary by Wm. Smith; and the International Standard
Bible Encyclopedia
7. Notes on the New Testament, Explanatory and Practical by Albert Barnes. 1956, 1962, 1974. ISBN 978-
0825422003

External links
Hassett, Maurice M. (1907). "A and Ω" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/A_and
_%CE%A9). In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
"Alpha and Omega (in Scripture)" (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01332a.htm) in the Catholic Encyclopedia at
newadvent.org
"Alpha and Omega" (http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1307-alpha-and-omega) at the Jewish Encyclopedia

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This page was last edited on 2 August 2019, at 06:47 (UTC).

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