I Quotations

Fel so2al dh, u have to put “ “ and ( . ) and (, ) and capital letters
el 7agat ely btb2a capital letters are:
Names
Months
Days
Mr. Mrs. Dr. Prof. Eng ….. etc
Names of places, such as Alexandria University , Google company, Discovery Channel … etc

El quotations btb2a abl or b3d kalemat zay, said, illustrated, explained, argued …..etc

II Technical Reports

A. The following are sample of different lab Reports, Identify the section and circle it
from between brackets.

(equivalent to task 5 p#38)

7aygeblak el Minor sections of a lab report

1. Purpose ..... bt3mel el experiment di leeh, 3shan tetla3 b ehh
2. Problem .... Ehh el need ely 5alak t3mel el experiment di, for example , lw enta bt3mel
experiment 3shan te5tere3 engine byshta3'al bel maya ,, el problem b2a b2a hya en enta
lazem tdawar 3la masdar fuel 3'eer el pertrol or el gas 3shan te2alel el pollution
3. Scope ... is the limitation, 7dood el experiment ehh ... y3ni lw bt3mel engine for cars, yb2a
for cars only, msh cars and ships , la2 cars only
4. Theory and research .... kol el nazareyat wel ab7as ely et3amalet fel magal dh before ...
el theories that support the expirement
5. Apparatus ..... Devices, the devices u use in the experiment
6. Procedures ... the steps you follow to complete the expirement
7. Data .... is the results of the experiment
8. Recommendation ..... is the suggested actions you give based on the experiment

B. Describe which type of definitions is used in the following statements. You can use
each type more than once.

1. Synonym Definition: you use it when u find a TERM and its meaning b3deha 3la tool.
Lazem LAZEEMMM tkoon between ( ) or [ ] or - -
ex: Panadol (pain killer) is used to ease the pain
Microship – hardware- is used to control the rocket

law el kelma msh lazem feeha el ( ) or [ ] or - - yb2a msh synonym

 2. Formal definition: el definition el assay lel techinal term. LAZEEEEEMMM ykoon
shaklo kda ------ TERM + CATEGORY + EXPLANATION
ex: Air conditioner is an electric device used to balance the room temperature
^ ^ ^
TERM CATEGORY EXPLANATION

3. Extended Definiton: el explanation byb2a in a paragraph b7alo, like 3 lines or more.

C. Rearrange the following jumbled parts of a process report by identifying the three
major sections ( Introduction – Discussion – Conclusion)
(equivalent to task 4 p#31)

This question is about the process report, he will give you three extracts , one Introduction , one
Discussion, one Conclusion ..... EL discussion btb2a byna gedan 3shan laaaazeeeem ykoon feha
STEPS !! it will be very obvious .... as for the introduction f a5er el paragraph bykoon fi
indication en lsa fi kalam 7yt2al , for example " See the following steps, as follows ..... "
W LAZEM EL INTRODUCTION TEBTEDY B FORMAL SENTENCE DEFINITION

akeed el paragraph el talet 7yb2a conclusion!

D. Below are extracts of different feasibility reports. Match each extract with the
suitable feasibility aspect.

(equivalent to task 3 p#49)

There are four aspects for the feasibility report

1. Enviromental .... 7ytkalem 3la el 7agat ely leha 3elaqa bel bee2a ... 7t3mel pollution wla
la2a, fi wastes wla la2 .. 7tdor el forests b2a wel kalam dh wla la2

2. Social .... El side elyleha 3elaqa bel nas .... mofeeda lel nas wla modera .. ay 7aga leha 3elqa
bl general public, or audience

3. financial ... ay 7aga leeha 3elaqa bel money .... Costs, profits, budgets , capital, kda y3ni

4. Technical... el technology el used in this project

 II Report Format

1. Decide whether the following statements are TRUE or False. Correct the FALSE ones.

7aygeeb information about the report format and u decide di sa7 wla 3’alat. 3amatan el
report format is as follows, bs these ARE NOT THE STATEMENTS ELY FEL EXAM.
THIS IS ONLY AN EXPLANATION

Report Format

(1 ) Title page : Must include the title of the report, date of its submission and the person to
whom it is submitted.

( 2) Acknowledgment : The section where the writer thanks the people who helped her/him
finish research, prepare the report, or proof read it.

( 3) Abstract : The section which states the objectives of the report and comments on the way
the topic of the report is actually treated. It also includes the main ideas, the findings, and the
conclusion reached by the writer.

( 4) Table of Contents : This section numbers and lists all sections and subsections, headings
with page numbers. It acts as a guide to the reader to help him/her locate the information in the
report.

(4) Index : It is an alphabetical, cross-referenced list of all topics and subjects of import
contained in the report. It directs the reader to several related areas within a topic.

(5) Introduction : Provides the background of the report and the main focus or ideas the writer
will focus on.

(6 ) Discussion : Divided into numbered and headed sections. These sections separate the
different main ideas in a logical order.

(7) Conclusion : A short logical summing up of the themes developed in the main text as well as
the findings and results reached by the report writer.

(8) Glossary : Contains selected technical terms and their definitions. These terms may be
unfamiliar to the reader. Acts like a small dictionary.

(9) References : Details of published sources of material referred to or quoted in the text
(including books, encyclopedias, websites, articles, websites, lecture notes, journals ... etc.).

(10) Appendix : Any further material which is essential for full understanding of your report
(diagrams, computer codes, raw data, ...etc.)

Acknowledgment:

 I have learnt a great deal from those who have worked with me over the years and
gratefully acknowledge my debt to them, especially (a), (B), and (C). My teachers, who
so quickly found the weak points in my materials, have contributed in a fundamental way
to my understanding of ... I would also like to express my thanks to my editor, (D), for
his enthusiastic and expert guidance, and to (E) and (F) for typing and word-processing
the script. I could not have accomplished this work without (G) whose experience guided
me through the various stages of the research. To everyone, I am truly grateful. 


 I would like to thank all those teachers in .... Whom I have shared their classrooms and
ideas over the years. Their commitment and enthusiasm motivated me to write this report.



 I would like to acknowledge the debt I owe to my colleagues at the University of ...,
particularly (A); I have learnt much from working with her. For the ideas in chapter 2, I
benefited greatly from (B) and others. Thanks also to (C) for his support and perceptive
advice. Last but not least, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my family who
encouraged me to begin and complete this report. 


Abstract:

 An abstract is usually a brief paragraph placed on a separate page at the beginning of a

report following the title page and the acknowledgements. 


 When you have finished putting your report together, you may need to add a special
summary of it. This is called either an abstract or an executive summary. Both abstracts
and executive summaries do the same thing; they summarize what is in your report. 

  An abstract is a concise, clear description of what the report covers. It states only the
major areas and the main facts, and omits details, illustrations, and examples. It ends with
the findings and the conclusion the researcher reached. 


 Abstracts have several functions. Their primary purpose is to help readers find out
whether they need or want the information in the report or not. A summary of fewer than
200 words should tell the reader whether or not they need to read the entire report. Many
published technical reports contain descriptive abstracts which are included in library
catalogues and computer databases. Frequently, technical conferences planners use
submitted abstracts to determine which reports they wish to accept for presentation.
Therefore, abstracts should be understandable enough to stand independently of the
report. 


Introduction:

 The introduction familiarizes the reader with the background of the research area, or the
context of the subject matter presented in the report. It narrows down the general
information to end with the thesis that contains the main focus of the report. It is usually
short, but it does not have a maximum word limit.

Exercise to Practice:

1. I would also like to express my gratitude to my editor Mr. R. H. Ash for his time and efforts.
Last but not least, I must thank all those people whose influence has directly or indirectly guided
me to where I am now.

Answer: Acknowledgment

2. Maritime trade contributes an ample share in international trade nowadays. Cargoes of almost
all sorts are transported by ships now, some are valuable, others may be dangerous. Concern with
the safety of ships, cargoes, and above all, crew members and passengers, therefore, is no longer
a luxury. One of the most dangerous threats faced by ships is piracy. It is an ancient threat that
started almost as early as the day Man started to use the sea. Some ancient civilizations, and
modern countries managed to obliterate its danger, others, failed, and some are still striving for
success.

Answer: Introduction

3. This report traces the history of piracy. It starts with a chapter dedicated to the most famous
ancient incidents. The second chapter traces the Vikings throughout the middle ages then moves
on to trace Japanese Workouts throughout the thirteenth century. The Report then moves on to
discuss the seventeenth century, the golden age of piracy, and ends with modern time piracy
threats. The report concludes by providing detailed successful experiences of countries that
manages to eliminate the threat of piracy from its coasts.

Answer: Abstract

4. This report discussed the history of piracy throughout the centuries. It also provided successful
documented endeavors of eliminating the danger of piracy from several coasts.

Answer: Introduction

5. Piracy: A History
September, 2012

Submitted by: Frederic Wentworth

Submitted to: Mr. E. F. Rochester
rd
Date: 23 September, 2012

Answer: Title Page

6.Caesar 5, 6, 8

Viking 20, 21, 23, 41, 55, 56
Wokou 25, 26, 27, 55
Answer: Index

7.

1. Ancient History -------------------------------------3

1.1 Ancient times -----------------------------------4
1.2 Greeks and Romans ----------------------------5 


2. Middle Ages------------------------------------------17
2.1 The Vikings --------------------------------------21
2.2 The Wokos ----------------------------------------25 


Answer: Table of Contents

8.

Customary international law: are those aspects of international law that derive from custom.

Extortion: (also called shakedown, outwresting, and exaction) is a criminal offense of obtaining
money, property, or services from a person, entity, or institution, through coercion.

Naval Boarding: in its simplest sense, refers to the insertion onto a ship's deck of personnel.
However, when it is classified as an attack, in most contexts, it refers to the forcible insertion of
personnel that are not members of the crew by another party without the consent of the captain or
crew

Piracy : an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The term can include acts committed on
land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore.

Sabotage : is a deliberate action aimed at weakening an entity through subversion.

Answer: Glossary