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There are different chemical tests done for different products. The main Chemical
test done are Ash, acid insoluble ash, non-volatile ethyl extract moisture, water
insoluble ash, alkalinity of soluble ash aqueous extract, crude fiber, (Fineness,
Extraneous matter insect damage, Bulk density pinheads, Light berries Tendrils,
mother cloves, khoker cloves, headless cloves) caffeine, metanil yellow,
Lead chromate (damaged grains, wievelled grains, other edible grains).
1. MOISTURE:
2. TOTAL ASH:
Ash is the mineral content of the sample weight 2 gm of sample in crucible and kept
in oven. It become ash and calculates the percentage.
PURPOSE:
SCOPE:
APPARATUS:
Flat bottomed crucible with a capacity of 10-25ml electrical muffle furnace, with
indicating pyrometer and automatic thermo regulator desiccators containing and
efficient desiccant such as an anhydrous copper sulfate or silica gel.
PURPOSE:
To determine the acid insoluble ash
SCOPE:
All mixed curry powders, chilly powders, turmeric powder and black pepper
Powder.
REAGENTS:
APPARATUS:
CALCULATION:
Where,
The filtrate obtained in water soluble ash is titrated against 0.In Hcl solution
using methyl orange as indicator.
CALCULATION:
For Tea = 4.7 x V x N
(M1 –M)
V= Volume of STD HCL used
N= Normality of HCL
5. AQUEOUS EXTRACT:
To determine this:
4. Make up to 250 ml
5. Filter through am ordinary filter paper
6. Weigh through an ordinary filter paper
50
Sample wt
6. VOLATILE OIL:
Take 50g sample in 1000ml R.B flask. Add 500ml of water. Connect it with a
Clevenger trap apparatus and condenser. Fill the trap with water. Heat the
condense of the flask over a heating mantle. Collect the volatile oil in the trap
continue the boiling till oil collecting the trap ceases. Take the reading of the
volatile oil and calculate the percent of volatile oil.
CALCULATION
Volume of Oil in ml
Volatile oil =
Wt of sample
7. CRUDE FIBRE:
REAGENTS:
Petroleum ether
NaOH - 1.25%
Ethanol - 95%
PROCEDURE:
1) Weigh 2.5 g of the ground material into a thimble.
2) Extract for about 1 hour with petroleum ether using soxhlet
apparatus.
5) Transfer the whole of the boiling acid to the flask and immediately
connect with a water-cooled reflux condenser.
9) Wash the residue on the filter into the flask with 200ml of boiling
NaOH solution.
10) Immediately connect the flask with the reflux condenser and boil
for extract 30 minutes.
11) Remove the flask and immediately filter through the linen.
12) Thoroughly wash the residue with boiling water and transfer to a
Gooch crucible prepared with a thin but compact layer of ignited
asbestos.
13) Wash the residue first with hot water and then wash with
ethanol and with three successive washings of 15 ml of petroleum
ether.
14) Dry the Gooch crucible at 1051°c in an air oven for 3 hours, cool
and weigh.
17) Cool the Gooch crucible containing the ash in a desiccators and
weigh.
CALCULATION:
Where,
PROCEDURE:
Take 2g well mixed sample in a paper and put it in thimble. Thimble is kept in
round bottom flask. Add 150ml petroleum ether and kept in soxhlet apparatus.
Reflux for 18hrs at 400 – 600c.
CALCULATION:
NVEE = 100 ( M1-M2)
M
Where, M1 - Mass in gm of flask with non volatile ether extract
M2 - Mass in gm of flask with non volatile ether extract
after decantation
PROCEDURE:
Take 2g sample. Make up to 100ml. Shake it at every half an hour kept overnight.
Take 50ml of this without shaking in a pre weighed beaker. Reflux for 1 hour and
weight is taken.
ADULTERATION TESTS
a) METANIL YELLOW: