Travelling wave is a temporary wave that creates a disturbance and moves along the transmission line at

a constant speed. Such type of wave occurs for a short duration (for a few microseconds) but cause a
much disturbance in the line. The transient wave is set up in the transmission line mainly due to
switching, faults and lightning.

Ceiling the line stations including the substation by overhead wires mast rods undoubtedly provide
adequate protection against direct lightning strikes and also reduce electrostatically or
electromagnetically induced overvoltages but such children does not provide protection against
travelling with which may come in over the lines reach the terminal equipment such travelling waves can
cause the following damages to the electrical equipment.

Internal flashover caused by the high peak voltage of the search main Danish cancellation of the winding

Internal flashover between interns of the transformer may be caused by the steep fronted voltages

External Flash over between the terminals of the electrical equipment cost by the high peak voltage of
the search may result in damage to the insulators

Resonance in high voltages resulting from the city from it where is because internal or external flashover
of an unpredictable nature causing building up of oscillation in the electrical equipment

NCC it is necessary absolutely necessary to provide some protective device attestation of substations for
the protection of equipment against the travelling waves of surges caused by the lightning XL devices
used for this purpose are described in the following subsections

Short cap

Erotic app provides the simplest and cheapest protection to the line insulator insulator and working of a
transformer it is clear that in case of serious overvoltage Towers installation of any one part of the power
system may cause The breakdown of the insulation of some white Olympics in accessible parts does it is
preferred that it is the line insulator the flash rather than the booking of the transformer breaking down
again it is preferred that Bhushan baytown before the installation of the transformer of which it forms a
part in the case of Transformer Road ke apps which are also called coordinating apps are installed to
protect the Apparatus Road care provide backup protection to the processing of Transformer in case of
primary protective device that is lightning arrester fails rod cap consists of two rods of approximately 1.2
CM diameter or square which are banned to right angle as shown in figure 18 is connected to the line
whether it is connected to the Chrome in case of Transformer they are fixed between p**** insulators in
case of increase in order to avoid

Cascading across the insulator service under very steep wanted waves rod gap should be adjusted to
break down at about 20% below the impulse flashover voltage of the insulation of the equipment to be
protected that is pushing insulator of Transformer for the distance between the gap and insulator should
be more than one third of the plant in order to prevent from being blown to insulator the accurate
breakdown value of the route cap can easily be predicted because The breakdown of the Year depends
upon the polarity steepness and wavelength of the way the major disadvantage of the robot I get it does
not interrupt the power frequency follow Karen of the searchers disappeared this means that every
operation of the rod gap create in LG fault which can only be clear the operation of the circuit breaker
dust operation of the rod gap results in circuit about rich and introduction of power supply.

Arcing horn

The time is today in line insulator from the rock formed due to overvoltage serious serious maintenance
problem Set property device has been developed to keep NSE latest ring free from the Ark arcing horn is
one of such protective devices it consists of small homes attached to the climb of the line insulator string
with the last breath both at the top of insulator natak clamper required to be effective in the case of
lightning for the earth formed tense to cast screen in order to avoid discusting to get between on should
be considerable is less than the length of the string protection of the line insulators by earthing horns
does result in the reduced flashover voltage in any event cash deposit as a power or on the line script for
the protection of the line insulators Pi arcing horn test result introduce flashover voltage in any event
flash of a person is a power countries the line trips out the protection of the line insulators FIR kam Hona
specially used in the hilly areas the grading rings which used in the conjunction with arcing horn fixed at
the top of the insulating strings serve the purpose of an Arc in shield in the event of an Arc forming
following off flash over caused by some type of overvoltage dark wheels shoes take the path between
the horn And The Shield and insulator string build Swimming player from the Earth

Lightning arrester of such divider

Lightning arrester also known as such that what I what are such a resistor are connected between the
line and ground at substation inverse 1 in shunt for parallel with the equipment to be protected and
perform their function by providing a low impedance part for the search current so that the search
arresters 28 level is less than the search what is tank capacity of insulation of the week ment being
protected a lightning arrester protective protective level is called disappearing across the truck terminal
of the aristocrats for copper or during the flow of current through the resistor of War after 1 over the
main purpose of the lightning arrester is to divert or discharge dashara ground action of the such type II
started with the help of figure when the travelling search which is the time what are its park over at a
certain price fixed voltage as shown by the point P and provide a relatively low impedance pass to the
ground for the search current the current flowing to the Crown to the search impedance of the line Linux
the amplitude of the voltage of voltage across the line and ground known as residential voltage to such a
value which will protect the insulation of the human being protected

It is however essential the low impedance part 2 ground Muscat exceeds to between the overvoltage
appears and it must cease to exist immediately after the voltage returns back to is normal voltage and
ideal lightning arrester or Sach Hai water should possess the following characteristics

It should not throw any current normal power frequency voltage digested in the normal operation
It shoots breakdown very quickly when the abnormal transient voltage supports is breakdown voltage
value 8 years so that aloo impedance for the ground can be provided

The discharge Karan of The breakdown should not be SOS SOS 210 is the such type itself it must be
capable of interacting the power frequency follow up current after the search Instagram