M Environment Process Engineering Assignment One

QUESTION A1
The four elements that are included in the hierarchy for the planning of waste management
systems are:
 Waste reduction
 Re-use
 Recycling and Composting
 Energy Recovery
QUESTION A2
QUESTION A3
Given Data
Population = 50 000
Volume = 100 000ydᵌ1
Waste: 30% compacted; 70% uncompacted
Volume of compacted waste
30
= 100 x100 000

= 30 000 yd3
Volume of uncompacted waste
70
=100 𝑥 100 000

= 70 000 yd3
Mass of compacted waste = density x volume
Density: compacted =1000 lb/yd3; uncompacted= 400 lb/yd3
Mass of compacted waste = 1000 x 30 000
3 x 107 lb
Mass of uncompacted waste
= 400 x 70 000\
= 2.8 x 107 lb
Total waste produced
(2.8 x 107) +(3 x107)
5.8 x 107 lb each year
 5.8 𝑥 107
ii) 50000

1160 Ib per year

1160
=3.18 lb/day
365

b) Advantages of Rotary Kiln:

• Flexible operation – This is because the rate of rotation can be varied to suit the needs
of a large variety of solid waste characteristics.
• Has been used to incinerate solids, liquids and gases, in any combination, so large
volumes of waste can be fed at once into the rotary kiln.
• Requires less preparation (conditioning), such as sorting, grinding, and mixing, than
certain other technologies. This is an advantage because it serves times and is less
strenuous as compared to other technologies.
Disadvantages of Rotary Kiln:
• High load of particulates on air pollution control devices since the kilns can used to
burn all types of waste i.e. gases, liquid or solids.
• High amounts of excess air lead to high demand for auxiliary fuel which makes the
technology expensive.
• Relatively high capital cost which makes the rotary kiln technology expensive.
c) The criteria for the selection of a landfill site:
1. Proximity of the site to the source of waste generation.
2. The suitability of access roads.
3. The impact on the local environment of site operations.
4. The geological and hydrogeological stability of the site.