Music

 The Medieval period is also known as the Dark Ages

 Gregorian Chant was named after Pope Gregory I.
 Liturgical drama shows Roman drama with Christian stories such as the Gospel, the Passion, and the lives of the
saints-grafted on.
 Goliards were travelling poet-musicians of Europe form 10th to mid 13th century who were mostly scholars and
clergymen.
 Troubador music - secular music which was not bound by Catholic traditions.
 Adam de la Halle (Adam the Hunchback) was one of the oldest secular composers whose literary and musical
works include chansons and poetic debates.
 The term ―Renaissance‖ comes from the word ―renaitre‖ which means “rebirth”, ―revival”, and
―rediscovery”.
 Lute was the prominent instrument of the renaissance era
 Mass – is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music.
 Five Main Sections of Mass: 1. Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy) 2. Gloria (Glory to God in the Highest) 3. Credo (I
Believe in One God) 4. Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy, holy and Blessed Is He) 5. Agnus Dei (Lamb of God)
 Madrigal is a secular music expressed in poetic text and sung during social gathering which originated in
Italy.
 The word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word ―barroco” which means ―pearl of irregular shape.
 Concerto – A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra.
 Concerto Grosso - A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small
group of solo instruments called concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti.
 Fugue - A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint
Arts

 Prehistoric Era - The era where paintings were found inside the caves which may have been their way of
communicating each other.
 Ancient Egypt - The purpose of Egyptian paintings is to make the deceased afterlife place pleasant.
 Classical Greek Era - It depicts natural figures with dynamic compositions. Most of the subjects were battle
scenes, mythological figures, and everyday scenes.
 Fresco- method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied plaster usually on a wall surfaces.
 Encaustic– developed to use by Greek ship builders, who used the hot wax to fill the cracks of the ship.
 Kerch Style also referred to as Kerch Vases are red-figured pottery named after the place where it was found.
 Panel Paintings - paintings on flat panels of wood. It can be either a small, single piece or several panels joined.
 Tomb or wall painting - has a sharp, flatly outlined style of painting and because it uses water-based materials,
very few samples survived.
 Mosaic - It is an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass,
stones, or other materials.
 Byzantine painting - lively styles of paintings which had been invented in Greek and Rome lived on in Byzantium
but this time for Christian subjects.
 Stained glass windows were created to transform the vast stone interiors with warm and glowing color and at the
same time to instruct Christians in their faith.
 Famous Sculptures: 1) Last Judgment 2) Resurrection of the Virgin 3) Myron 4) Venus of Willendorf 5) Venus of
Brassempouy
Health

 Community is defined as a sociological group in a large place sharing one environment.

 Community Health is defined as the art and science of maintaining, protecting and improving the health of all the
members of the community through organized and sustained community efforts.
 Environmental Health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by physical, chemical,
biological, social and psychosocial factors in the surrounding environment.
 According to the World Health Organization (2002), the characteristics of a healthy community include:
1. A clean and safe physical environment 6. A community whose members have access to
2. An environment that meets everyone’s basic varied experiences, means of interaction and
needs communication
3. An environment that promotes social harmony 7. Accessible and appropriate health services
and actively involves everyone and facilities
4. An understanding of local health and 8. The promotion and celebration of historical
environment issues and cultural heritage
5. A community that participates in identifying 9. A diverse and innovative economy
local solutions to local problems 10.A sustainable use of available resources for
all
 Community and Environmental Issues
1. Illegal Mining 5. Pollution
2. Deforestation 6. Oil Spill
3. Flash Floods 7. Coral Reef Degradation
4. Cyanide Fishing