LEONHARD

EULER
(1707-1783)

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 AUGUSTIN LOUIS CAUCHY
Seven bridges of (1789-1857)
Konigsberg

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 He was a Swiss
mathematician
 He discovered ways to
 he was the first
mathematician to write f(x)
to denote function
 He also introduced the
modern notation for the
trigonometric functions, the
 He also defined the
letter e for the base of the
natural logarithm (now also
known as Euler’s number),
the Greek letter Σ for
summations and the letter i
to denote the imaginary unit.
EULER’ S FORMULA
For any real number x,
Euler’s formula states
that the complex
exponential function
satisfies exactly once and returns
to the starting point.
 1736 Euler solved this
express various logarithmic
problem, and prooved that
functions using power series,
it is not possible.
and he successfully defined
 This solution is
logarithms for negative and
considered to be the first
complex numbers
theorem of graph theory
exponential function for
complex numbers, and
discovered its relation to the
trigonometric functions
Seven bridges of
Konigsberg
 This was old
mathematical problem.
 The problem was to
decide whether it is
possible to follow a path
that crosses each bridge
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GABRIEL CRAMER THOMAS SIMPSON JEAN LE ROND
(1704-1752) (1710-1761) D’ALAMBERT
(1717-1783)

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 GABRIEL CRAMER numerical methods of JOSEPH LOUIS
integration.
(1704-1752) LANGRANGE (1736-
 He wrote books Algebra,
 Swiss mathematician 1813)
Geometry, Trigonometry,
 He is the most famous by  he wrote a letter to Euler
Fluxions, Laws of Chance,
his rule (Cramer’s rule) in which he solved the
and others
which gives a solution of isoperimetrical problem
a system of linear JEAN LE ROND which for more than half a
equations using D’ALAMBERT century had been a
determinants. subject of discussion.
(1717-1783)
THOMAS SIMPSON  He dealt with problems of  Lagrange established a
(1710-1761) dynamics and fluids and society known as Turing
 He received little formal especially with problem of Academy, and published
education and taught vibrating string which Miscellanea Taurinesia,
himself mathematics leads to solving partial his work in which he
while he was working like diferential equations corrects mistakes made
a weaver.  During his second part of by some of great ma
 Simpson is best life, he was mainly thematicians
remembered for his work occupied with the great
on interpolation and French encyclopedia

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JOSEPH LOUIS PIERRE-SIMON LAPLACE GASPARD MONGE
LANGRANGE (1749-1827) (1746-1818)
(1736-1813)

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PIERRE-SIMON LAPLACE
(1749-1827)
 French mathematician  French mathematician
and astronomer  Monge is considered the
 His most known works are
Traite de mecanique
celeste and Theory
analytique des
probabiliteis
 He is remembered as one
of the greatest scientists
of all time, sometimes
referred to as a French  His method, which was
Newton or Newton of
France
 For Laplace, mathematics
was merely a kit of tools
used to explain nature
 To Lagrange,
mathematics was a
sublime art
GASPARD MONGE ADRIEN – MARIE
(1746-1818) LEGENDRE (1752-1833)
 He made important
contributions to
father of differential
statistics, number
geometry because of his
theory, abstract
work Application de
algebra and
l'analyse à la géométrie mathematical
where he introduced the
analysis.
concept of lines of
 Legendre is known in
curvature of a surface in
the history of
3-space.
elementary
methematics
one of cleverly
principially for his
representing 3-
very popular
dimensional objects by
Elements de
appropriate projections 2-
geometrie
dimensional plane, was
 He gave a simple
adopted by the military
proof that π(pi) is
and classified as top
irrational as well as
secret
the first proof that
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 π2(pi squared) is  “Mathematics is the study of
irrational. queen of the sciences permutation groups
and number theory is the
JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH  He also researched
queen of mathematics.”
FOURIER(1768-1830) in convergence and
 French mathematician, divergence of
physicist and historian AUGUSTIN LOUIS CAUCHY
infinite series,
 Fourier established the
(1789-1857) differential
partial differential
equation governing heat  Cauchy started the equations,
diffusion and solved it by project of determinants,
using infinite series of formulating and probability and
trigonometric functions mathematical
proving the teorems
JOHANN CARL of calculus in a physics.
FRIEDRICH GAUSS rigorous manner and  He was first to

(1777 – 1855) was thus an early prove Taylor’s

pioneer of analysis theorem, he brought
 He worked in a wide
 He also gave a whole new set of
variety of fields in both
several important teorems and
mathematics and
physics incuding number theorems in definitions, he
theory, analysis, complex analysis dealed with
differential geometry, and initiated the mechanics, optics,
geodesy, magnetism, elasticity and many
astronomy and optics.
other problems.
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ADRIEN – MARIE JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH JOHANN CARL
LEGENDRE FOURIER FRIEDRICH GAUSS
(1752-1833) (1768-1830) (1777 – 1855)