JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
POWER SYSTEM-III
LAB MANUAL
B.Tech.VII Semester

INDEX
ROTOR 1
1.A 500 kV, 3-phase transmission line is 250 km long. The series impedance
is z=0.045+.4j ohms per phase per km and shunt admittance is y=j4*10-8
Siemens per phase per km. MATLAB program to evaluate the equivalent pimodel and the transmission matrix.
2. A 345 KV 3 phase transmission line is 130 km long. The resistance per
capacitance is 0.012F/Km. The receiving end power is 270MVA with 0.8pf
lagging at 345KV. Use medium line model to find voltage and power at
sending end and voltage regulation.
3. A 345KV, 3 phase transmission line is 130 Km long. The series impedance is
z=0.036+j0.32/phase/km and the shunt admittance is y = j 4.22 x 10 -6 S/ phase/km. The
sending end voltage is 345 KV and the sending end current is 400A at 0.95 pf lag. Use
medium line model to find the voltage , current and power at the receiving end and the
voltage regulation.
4 Starting with the initial values x1=1, x2=1, x3=1, Write a MATLAB PROGRAM to
solve the following equation by the Newton Raphson Method.

x12-x22-x32=11
2x1-x22-x3=3
x1-3x2-3x3=6
5. A balanced three phase voltage of 100V (phase) is applied to a Yconnected load with ungrounded neutral. The three phase load consist of
three mutually- coupled reactances. Each phase has a series reactance of
Zs=j12 ohms and the mutual coupling between phases is Zm=j4 ohms.
Write a MATLAB program to
a) Determine the line currents by mesh analysis without using
symmetrical components.
b) Determine the line currents by using symmetrical components.
6.A 30kV, 3 phase, 50Hz generator having synchronous reactance of 9 ohms per
phase and negligible resistance. Construct the V curve for the rated power of
40MW with varying field excitation from 0.4 power factor leading to 0.4 power
factor lagging. Assume the open circuit characteristics in the operating range
given by:
E=2000*If*V

INDEX
ROTOR 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

To study the elements in the Simpower System of Simulink

To study the superposition theorem using Simulink
Single phase energisation of three phase transmission line.
surge arrestor in transmission line
Demonstration of frequency domain and time of series compensated
transmission line

ROTOR -1

_EXPERIMENT 1
AIM: A 500 kV, 3-phase transmission line is 250 km long. The series
impedance is z=0.045+.4j ohms per phase per km and shunt admittance is
y=j4*10-8 Siemens per phase per km. MATLAB program to evaluate the
equivalent pi-model and the transmission matrix.
APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

THEORY: A power transmission line with its effective length of around 250
Kms or above is referred to as a long transmission line.

Zc =(z/y)
= (yz)
A=coshl
B=ZC sinhl
C=sinhlZC
D = coshl
PROGRAM:
z=0.045+.4j;
y=4*10^-8*1i;
length=250;
gamma=sqrt(z.*y)
zc=sqrt(z./y)
A=cosh(gamma.*length);
B=zc.*sinh(gamma.*length);
C=(1./zc).*sinh(gamma.*length);
D=A;
ABCD=[A B; C D]
Z=zc.*sinh(gamma.*length)
Y=(1./zc).*tanh(gamma.*length)

OUTPUT:
gamma =
7.1039e-006 +1.2669e-004i
zc =
3.1673e+003 -1.7760e+002i
ABCD =
0.9995 + 0.0001i 11.2463 +99.9835i
-0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.9995 + 0.0001i
Z=
11.2463 +99.9835i
Y=
3.7530e-010 +1.0003e-005i
MANUAL VERIFICATION OF RESULT:
z= 0.045+0.4j
=0.402583.5812
y= j4*10-8
=4*10-890
Length=250
= (z*y)-0.5
= (10.61*10-8148.5812)-0.5
= 1.12689*10-486.79
Zc = (z/y)-0.5
=3172.144-3.2094
A = cosh (*length)
= cosh (0.031786.79)
= cosh (1.775*10-3 +0.03165j)
= cos (1.775*10-3)cos(0.03165) +jsin (1.775*10-3)sin(0.03165)
A = 0.9995 + 0.0001j
B = Zc*sinh (*length)
= (3172.144-3.2094)*(sinh (1.77598*10-3 + j0.0317))
B = 11.0463 + 99.9835j

C = -0.0000 + 0.0000j
D=A
D = 0.9995 + 0.0001j
Z = Zc*sinh (*length)
Z=B
Z = 11.2463 + 99.9836j
Y

Y = 3.753*10-10 + j1.0002*10-5

EXPERIMENT 2
AIM: A 345 KV 3 phase transmission line is 130 km long. The resistance per
phase is 0.036/km and inductance/phase is 0.8mH/km. The shunt
capacitance is 0.012F/Km. The receiving end power is 270MVA with 0.8pf
lagging at 345KV. Use medium line model to find voltage and power at
sending end and voltage regulation.
APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.

NAME OF APPARATUS

VERSION

MATLAB R2009b

7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

THEORY:
The transmission line having its effective length more than 80 km but less
than 250km is generally referred to as amedium transmission line.Due to the
line length being considerably high, admittance Y of the network does play a
role in calculating the effective circuit parameters.

We derive the parameters of a medium transmission line as:

PROGRAM:
length= 130;
z
= 0.036 + j* 0.0008* 2*pi*50;
y
=j*(2*pi*50)*0.012*10^(-6);
Y
=y * length;
Z
= z* length;
A = 1+(Y*Z/2);
B =Z*(1+(Y*Z)/4);

C = Y;
D = A;
Ir = 270*10^3/345*(0.8-0.6i);
Vr =345*10^3/sqrt(3);
Vs=A*Vr+B*Ir;
Is = C*Vr + D*Ir;
P1 = angle(Vs);
P2 = angle(Is);
P = P1-P2;
Ps = abs(Vs)*abs (Is)* Cos (P)*3;
power = abs (Ps);
Vreg = (Vs-Vr)/Vr;
abs(Vreg)
OUTPUT:
power =
2.4883e+08
Vreg =
0.0435
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF OUTPUT:
Z = (0.036 x130) + i (2 x 50 x 0.8 x 10 - 3 x 130)
= 4.68 + 32.67i
Y= i 0.012 x 10 - 6 x 2 x 50 x 130
= 4.9 x 10 - 4 i
Vr=345 x 10 3= 199.185 x 10 3
3
Ir =270 x 103 angle(-cos- 1 (0.8))
3 x 345
= 451.84 angle(-cos- 1 (0.8))
A = 1 + YZ /2 = 0.991 + 1.1466 x 10 -3i
B = Z = 4.68 + 32.67 i
C= Y x (1+ YZ/4) = - 2.809 x 10 -7 + 4.88 x 10-4 i
D = A = 0.991 + 1.1466 x 10 -3 i
Vs = AxVr +BxIr

= 208.219 x 10 3angle( 2.964)

Ps = 3 VsIs
= 2.481 x 108
% voltage regulation = |Vs|-|Vr| x 100
|Vs|
= 208.219 x 10 3 - 199.189 x 103x 100 = 4.338%
208.219 x 103

EXPERIMENT 3
AIM: 345KV, 3 phase transmission line is 130 Km long. The series
impedance is z=0.036+j0.32/phase/km and the shunt admittance is y = j
4.22 x 10-6 S/ phase/km. The sending end voltage is 345 KV and the sending
end current is 400A at 0.95 pf lag. Use medium line model to find the
voltage , current and power at the receiving end and the voltage regulation.
APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

THEORY:
The transmission line having its effective length more than 80 km but less
than 250km is generally referred to as amedium transmission line.Due to the
line length being considerably high, admittance Y of the network does play a
role in calculating the effective circuit parameters.

We derive the parameters of a medium transmission line as:

PROGRAM:

z = 0.036+ 0.32j;
y = j4.22x 10^(-6);
L = 130;
Y =y*L;
A= 1+ (Y * Z/2);
B = Z* (1+ (4*Z/4));
C = Y;
D =A;
Is =400*(0.95-0.31221);
Vs =345000/sqrt(3);
Ir =( Is(C/A)* Vs)*(A/ (A*D - B*C);
Vr=(1/A) * (Vs B* Ir);
P1 =angle (Vr);
P2 = angle (Ir);
P = P1- P2
Pr = 3*Vr*Ir*cos (P)
Vreg= (abs (Vs) abs (Vr))/ abs (Vs) x100

OBSERVATION:
Ir = 3.7582e+02 - 2.3224e+02i
Vr = 1.8999e+05 - 1.4885e+04i
P = 0.4753
Power = 2.2458e+08
V reg = 4.3249
MATHAMETICAL ANALYSIS OF RESULT:
z = 0.036 + 0.32j and l =130
Z = 4.68 + 41.6i
y = 5.486 x 10-4i
A= 1+ ZY/2 = 0.99 +1.284 x 10-3i
B = Z = 4.68 + 41.6i
C = Y(1+ ZY/4) = -3.521 x 10-7 + 5.45 x 10-4 i
Vs =345 x 103 = 1.992 x 10 5V
3
Is = 400angle(-cos-1(0.95))
We know that
Vr = DVs BIs = 1.908 x 105angle(-0.45)
Ir = Vs AVr = 434.364angle(-30.29)
B
B

Pr = 3|Vr||Ir|cos (-4.5 ( -30.29))

= 2.24 x 108
Voltage regulation = |Vs|-|Vr| X 100 = +4.32%
|Vs|

EXPERIMENT NO. 4
AIM: Starting with the initial values x1=1, x2=1, x3=1, Write a MATLAB
PROGRAM to solve the following equation by the Newton Raphson Method.
x12-x22-x32=11
2x1-x22-x3=3
x1-3x2-3x3=6
APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

THEORY: Newton Raphson method is used to solve Non- Linear Algebraic

Equations.

Let us consider that we have a set of n nonlinear equations of a total number

of n variables x1 , x2 , ... , xn. Let these equations be given by

Let us assume that the initial estimates of the n variables

are x1(0) , x2(0) , ... , xn(0) . Let the corrections x1(0) , x2(0) , ... , xn(0)
These correction is given by,

Now we get the correct solution of these variables defined by,

PROGRAM:
x1=1;
x2=1;
x3=1;
J=[2*x1, -2*x2, -2*x3;
2, 2*x2, 3;
1, -3, -3;]

F=[(x1*x1-x2*x2-x3*x3-11);
(2*x1+x2*x2-3*x3-3);
(x1-3*x2+3*x3);]
while(1)
x1old=x1;
x2old=x2;
x3old=x3;
dx=-1*inv(J)*F;
x1=x1old+dx(1,1);
x2=x2old+dx(2,1);
x3=x3old+dx(3,1);
if(abs(x1-x1old)<0.01&&abs(x2-x2old)<0.01&&abs(x3-x3old)<0.01)
break;
end
end
disp(Solution is:)
disp(x1)
disp(x2)
disp(x3)

EXPERIMENT NO. 5

AIM: A balanced three phase voltage of 100V (phase) is applied to a Yconnected load with ungrounded neutral. The three phase load consist of
three mutually- coupled reactances. Each phase has a series reactance of
Zs=j12 ohms and the mutual coupling between phases is Zm=j4 ohms.
Write a MATLAB program to
c) Determine the line currents by mesh analysis without using
symmetrical components.
d) Determine the line currents by using symmetrical components.

APPARATUS USED:

S. NO.
1

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

THEORY:
Using Mesh analysis ,

So the line current is given by,

[I]=[Z]-1 [V]
From Mesh analysis equation,
[V]=[Z][I]
Now line voltage can be written in the form of positive sequence
symmetrical component,
[V]=[A][Vp]
Where,

In terms of symmetrical component the equation can be written as,

[Ip] =( A-1 [Z] [A]) [Vp]
And line current is given by,
[I]=[A][Ip]
PROGRAM:
Xs=j*12;
Xm=j*4;
Z=[Xs ,Xm, Xs;
Xm, Xs, Xm;
Xm, Xm, Xs; ];
Vryb=[100; 100*exp(-j*2*pi/3); 100*exp(j*2*pi/3)];
meshIryb=inv(z)*Vryb
a=1*exp(j*2*pi/3);
A=[1, 1, 1;
1, a^2, a;

1, a, a^2]
symI012=inv(inv(A)*Z*A)*(inv(A)*Vryb)
symIryb=A*symI012

Exp no -6
A 30kV, 3 phase, 50Hz generator having synchronous reactance of 9 ohms
per phase and negligible resistance. Construct the V curve for the rated
power of 40MW with varying field excitation from 0.4 power factor leading
to 0.4 power factor lagging. Assume the open circuit characteristics in the
operating range given by:
E=2000*If*V
APPARATUS REQUIRED

APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

THEORY
In power engineering, V curve is the graph showing the relation of armature current as a
function of field current in synchronous machines. The purpose of the curve is to show
the variation in the magnitude of the armature current as the excitation voltage of the
machine is varied.
This curve is one of the most important characteristics for electrical generator.

PROGRAM
p=40*10^6
xs=9
vp=(30*10^3)/sqrt(3)
pf=-acos(.4):0.1:acos(.4)
y=(vp*vp)/xs
z=2000*.5*y
x=p/vp
ia=x./cos(pf)
a=p.*tan(pf)+y
ife=a./z
plot(ife,ia)

OUTPUT
p =
40000000
xs =
9
vp =
1.7321e+004
pf =
Columns 1 through 5
-1.1593

-1.0593

-0.9593

-0.8593

-0.7593

-0.4593

-0.3593

-0.2593

0.0407

0.1407

0.2407

0.5407

0.6407

0.7407

1.0407

1.1407

4.0226

3.5367

Columns 6 through 10
-0.6593

-0.5593

Columns 11 through 15
-0.1593

-0.0593

Columns 16 through 20
0.3407

0.4407

Columns 21 through 24
0.8407

0.9407

y =
3.3333e+007
z =
3.3333e+010
x =
2.3094e+003
ia =
1.0e+003 *
Columns 1 through 5
5.7735

4.7179

Columns 6 through 10

3.1839

2.9217

2.7245

2.5764

2.4669

2.3893

2.3113

2.3325

2.3780

2.6937

2.8808

3.1293

4.5677

5.5389

-0.2371

-0.1306

-0.0463

0.1355

0.1831

0.2272

0.3496

0.3900

0.4315

0.5735

0.6316

0.6991

1.0159

1.2053

-0.0007

-0.0004

Columns 11 through 15
2.3390

2.3135

Columns 16 through 20
2.4503

2.5534

Columns 21 through 24
3.4628

3.9195

a =
1.0e+008 *
Columns 1 through 5
-0.5832

-0.3792

Columns 6 through 10
0.0234

0.0830

Columns 11 through 15
0.2691

0.3096

Columns 16 through 20
0.4752

0.5220

Columns 21 through 24
0.7802

0.8819

ife =
Columns 1 through 5
-0.0017

-0.0011

Columns 6 through 10

-0.0001

0.0001

0.0002

0.0004

0.0005

0.0007

0.0010

0.0012

0.0013

0.0017

0.0019

0.0021

0.0030

0.0036

Columns 11 through 15
0.0008

0.0009

Columns 16 through 20
0.0014

0.0016

Columns 21 through 24
0.0023
GRAPH

0.0026

ROTOR 2

SIMULATION NO 1
OBJECT To study the elements in the Simpower System of Simulink.

APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

THEORY:
Sim power system consist of
ELECTRICAL SOURCES

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

DC Voltage Source

B
C

Three-Phase Source
AC Voltage Source
A
N

Three-Phase
Programmable
Voltage Source

AC C urrent Source

s
-

C ontrolled Voltage Source

+
m

_
Battery

C ontrolled C urrent Source

Additional electrical source blocks

available in electricdrivelib library

____ E l e m e n t s _______________________________________________________________________________

Three-Phase
Series RLC Load

Series RLC Load

Series RLC Branch

A
B
C

A
B
C

Three-Phase
Series RLC Branch

A
B
C

____ L i n e s _______________________________

Pi Section Line
Distributed Parameters Line

C
C
Three-Phase
PI Section Line

node 10

Three-Phase
Harmonic Filter

Three-Phase
Parallel RLC Branch

Three-Phase
Dynamic Load

Three-Phase
Mutual Inductance
Z1-Z0

Parallel RLC Load

A
B
C

Three-Phase
Parallel RLC Load

Parallel RLC Branch

Mutual Inductance

Connection
Port

Surge Arrester

____ C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s ______________

Breaker

Three-Phase Breaker Three-Phase Fault

____ T r a n s f o r m e r s _________________________________________________________________

1+

1
3
1

Linear Transformer

+2
2
+3
3
+4
4

Multi-Winding
Transformer

2
1

A
B

3
C

Saturable Transformer

Grounding
Transformer

Three-Phase
Transformer
(Two Windings)

Three-Phase
Transformer
(Three Windings)

a2

IM b2

c2

a2
b2
c2
a3
b3
c3

a2
b2
c2
IM
a3
b3
c3

Three-Phase Transformer Three-Phase Transformer

Inductance Matrix Type
Inductance Matrix Type
(Three Windings)
(Two Windings)

A+
B+
C+
ABC-

a3
b3
c3

Zigzag
Phase-Shifting Transformer

A1+

A2+

A1

A2

B1+

B2+

B1

B2

C1+

C2+

C1

C2

Three-Phase Transformer
12 Terminals

EXTRALIBRARY:

Measurements

Discrete
Measurements

Control

Discrete
Control

Phasor
Measurements

SimPowerSystems Extra Library

Copyright 1997-2009 Hydro-Quebec and The MathWorks, Inc.

MACHINES:

Synchronous Machines

DC Machine and Motors

Obsolete blocks:

Pm

m
A

SSM B
C

Pm

Tm

SSM B

TL

A+ dc

TL

TL

A1

A-

A+

A2
F+

Simplified Synchronous Simplified Synchronous Permanent Magnet

Machine pu Units
Machine SI Units Synchronous Machine

F-

B1

A-

B2

DC Machine

C1
C2

Pm

Vf_

Pm

A
B

Vf_

Synchronous Machine
pu Fundamental

m
A
B

B-

A+ dc A-

Stepper Motor

Synchronous Machine Synchronous Machine

pu Standard
SI Fundamental

Tm

Tm

Prime Movers and Regulators

Asynchronous Machine
SI Units

Tm
M+
M

wref

vref

split
phase

Single Phase
Asynchronous Machine

Pref

vd
vq
vstab

Vf

Pm

we
Pe0
dw

gate

F+ FThe Discrete DC Machine block is

obsolete. Please use the DC Machine
block of powerlib

Asynchronous Machines

Asynchronous Machine
pu Units

TL m

Vf_

The Machines Measurement Demux

block is obsolete. Please use the Bus
Selector block of Simulink to demux
machine and motor measurements

B+

Switched Reluctance
Motor

Pm

m wm

wref dw_5-2
Pref

Tr5-2

wm

gate

d_theta Pm

Excitation Hydraulic Turbine Steam Turbine

and Governor and Governor
System

In Vstab

Generic
Power System Stabilizer

dw Vstab

Multi-Band
Power System Stabilizer

SIMULATION NO 2
Object-To study the superposition theorem using Simulink

APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
In a linear dc network containing more than one independent energy source ,the overall
response in any branch is equal to the algebraic sum of the responses due to each
independent source acting one at a time .
Circuit Diagram

2 OHM

2 OHM

Discrete,
Ts = 2e-006 s.
powergui

4 OHM

Load3

Load1
Load2
20V

DC Voltage Source

+i
-

10V

Current Measurement
3
Display

CURRENT IS 3 A. Now applying superposition theorem.

CIRCUIT 1

2 OHM

2 OHM

Discrete,
Ts = 2e-006 s.
powergui

4 OHM

Load3

Load1
Load2
20V

DC Voltage Source

+ i
-

Current Measurement
2
Display

SHORT CIRCUITING THE 10V SOURCE.,WE GET CURRENT 2 A.

CIRCUIT 2

Discrete,
Ts = 2e-006 s.
powergui

2 OHM

2 OHM

4 OHM

Load3

Load1

DC Voltage Source1

Load2
i
+ -

Current Measurement
1
Display

BY SHORT CIRCUITING THE 20 V SOURCE,WE GET CURRENT 1 A.

CIRCUIT 1 AND 2 .HENCE VERIFIES THE SUPERPOSITION THEOREM.
RESULT-Superposition theorem is verified and result is matched with the theoretical
results.

SIMULATION NO-3
OBJECTIVE: Single phase energisation of three phase transmission
line.

APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

MODEL

SIMULATION

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

SIMULATION NO 4
OBJECTIVE : Use of surge arrestor in transmission line
APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

MODEL

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

SIMULATION

SIMULATION NO 5
OBJECTIVE : Demonstration of frequency domain and time of
series compensated transmission line
. APPARATUS USED:
S. NO.
1

MODEL

NAME OF APPARATUS
MATLAB R2009b

VERSION
7.9.0.529 (R2009b)

SIMULATION