Armature Winding

Design Basics: Lap and Wave Winding

Coil Span (ys)
For lap and wave winding,
• Distance between
two sides of the coil
• Must be equal (or
where:
very nearly so) to the
ys – coil span (coil pitch)
distance between
two adjacent poles. S – total number of
armature slots
• Must be 180 P – number of poles
electrical degrees, or K – any part of S/P that is
approximately so. subtracted to make ys
an integer
Problem 1
Calculate the coil pitches (coil spans) and indicate
the slots into which the first coil should be placed
for the following armature windings: (a) 28 slots,
4 poles; (b) 39 slots, 4 poles; (c) 78 slots, 6 poles;
(d) 121 slots, 8 poles; (e) 258 slots, 14 poles.
Answer:
(a) ys = 7, slot 1 and 8
(b) ys = 9, slot 1 and 10
(c) ys = 16, slot 1 and 17
(d) ys = 15, slot 1 and 16
(e) ys = 18, slot 1 and 19
Commutator Pitch (yc)
Designate the coil end connections to the
commutator

where:
yc – commutator pitch
m – plex (multiplicity) of the winding
+ - progressive lap winding
- - retrogressive lap winding
Commutator Pitch (yc)
For a simplex lap, yc = 1
Coil 1 is connected to segments 1 and 2
Coil 2 is connected to segments 2 and 3
Coil 3 is connected to segments 3 and 4
Coil 4 is connected to segments 4 and 5
and so on… until
Coil n is connected to segments n and 1.
At this point, the winding is said to close upon
itself, or reenter.
Commutator Pitch (yc)
For a duplex lap, yc = 2
Coil 1 is connected to segments 1 and 3
Coil 2 is connected to segments 2 and 4
Coil 3 is connected to segments 3 and 5
Coil 4 is connected to segments 4 and 6
and so on…until reentrancy occurs.
Progressive Lap Winding
In the progressive
lap winding the
winding progresses
from left to right.
Retrogressive Lap Winding
In the retrogressive
lap winding the
winding progresses
from right to left.
Degree of Reentrancy (R)
R is equal to the highest common factor of the
number of commutator segments and the “plex”
of the winding
Degree of Reentrancy (R)
Consider a duplex (m = 2) lap winding and a
commutator having even number of segments, C
= 36. R is the highest common factor of C = 36
and m = 2, and in this case, 2. The odd numbered
segments will join together one half of all the
coils, while the even-numbered segments will
join together the other half of all the coils. Such a
winding is doubly reentrant.
Degree of Reentrancy (R)
On the other hand, a duplex (m = 2) lap winding
having an odd number of commutator segments
will be singly reentrant (R = 1). The first half of
the winding will end on the last segment, which is
odd numbered; the second half of the winding
will then start on the last numbered segment ,
continue through all the even-numbered
segments, and finally reenter on segment 1, the
starting point.
Problem 2
Determine the commutator pitches yc and the degree
of reentrancy R for the following windings: (a)
simplex-lap, 29 segments; (b) duplex-lap, 29
segments; (c) duplex-lap, 42 segments; (d) triplex-lap,
47 segments; (e) triplex-lap, 48 segments; (f)
quadruplex-lap, 394 segments.
Answer:
(a) yc = 1, R = 1
(b) yc = 2, R = 1
(c) yc = 2, R = 2
(d) yc = 3, R = 1
(e) yc = 3, R = 3
(f) yc = 4, R = 2
Commutator Pitch (yc)
For a simplex wave winding to have only one
degree of re-entrancy, the number of
commutator segments must be selected with
relation to the number of poles, so that the
commutator pitch can be made a little more or
less than 360 electrical degrees. Also, after
tracing the winding once around the commutator,
the last coil end should arrive one segment
behind, or one segment ahead of the starting
segment.
Commutator Pitch (yc)

As a general rule, a
simplex wave winding
is not possible if
segments / (P/2) is an Where:
integer. However, a yc – commutator pitch
simplex-wave winding C – total number of
commutator segments
is possible, if the
P – no. of poles
following equation will
result in an integer.
Commutator Pitch (yc)
Note that in this In general,
equation it is
necessary to add 1 to
C or subtract 1 from C
before dividing by the
no. of pair of poles Note:
(P/2). And if the result + - progressive wave
is not an integer, a winding
simplex-wave winding - - retrogressive wave
is impossible. winding
Progressive Wave Winding
If after one round of
the armature the
coil falls in a slot
right to its starting
slot the winding is
called Progressive
wave winding.
Retrogressive Wave Winding
If after one round of
the armature the coil
falls in a slot left to
its starting slot the
winging is called
Retrogressive wave
winding.
Problem 3
Determine the commutator pitch yc for a 4-pole
simplex-wave-wound armature having 21
segments. Also, list the commutator segments in
the proper order as the coils are traced through
the entire winding from segment 1 until it closes.
Answer:
yc = 10 or 11
using yc = 10
1-11-21-10-20-9-19-8-18-7-17-6-16-5-15-4-14-3-13-2-12 then reentering segment 1
using yc = 11
2-2-13-3-14-4-15-5-16-6-17-7-18-8-19-9-20-10-21-11 then reentering segment 1