Review of Electromagnetics

 Electric Field
 Magnetic Field
Electric Field

A charged object has an Electric field lines point

electric field in the in the direction of the
space around it. electric field.

The electric field is

The number and
strong where the field
spacing of field lines is
lines are close together
proportional to the
and weaker when they
electric field strength.
are far apart.
Electric Field

The lines for a

positive charge
point away from the
charge.

The lines for a

negative charge
point towards the
charge.
Electric Field
This diagram shows the electric field line for two positive
point charges. Notice that the same number of lines
emerges from each charge because they are equal in
magnitude.

This diagram shows the electric field lines for two equal and
opposite point charges. Notice that the lines begin on the
positive charge and end on the negative charge.

If the charges are unequal, then the number of

lines emerging from them will be different. Notice
that the positive charge has twice as many lines.
Magnetic Field

The area around a magnet within which magnetic force is

exerted, is called a magnetic field. It is produced by moving
electric charges. The presence and strength of a magnetic
field is denoted by “magnetic flux lines”. The direction of the
magnetic field is also indicated by these lines. The closer the
lines, the stronger the magnetic field and vice versa.

When iron particles are placed over a magnet, the

flux lines can be clearly seen. Magnetic fields also
generate power in particles which come in contact
with it.
Magnetic Field
The ends of a bar magnet are called poles.
• Like poles repel and unlike poles attract
• Regardless of their shape, all magnets have a north
and south pole.

Magnetic Field lines point from the north pole to

the south pole of the magnet.
• The north pole of a compass needle always points
in the direction of the field (from North to South).
Magnetic Field

The Earth’s geographic North pole is actually

the magnetic south pole. The north pole of a
compass points towards geographic north
and since opposites attract, we know that
the Earth’s geographic pole is magnetic
south.
Electromagnetic Field
A moving charge always has both a magnetic and an
electric field, and that’s precisely the reason why
they are associated with each other. They are two
different fields with nearly the same characteristics.
Therefore, they are inter-related in a field called the
electromagnetic field.

In this field, the electric field and the magnetic field

move at right angles to each other. However, they
are not dependent on each other. They may also
exist independently. Without the electric field, the
magnetic field exists in permanent magnets and
electric fields exist in the form of static electricity, in
absence of the magnetic field.