Magnetic Circuits

Magnetic Circuit and Electric Circuit :

A Comparison
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
Definition closed path for closed path for
magnetic flux electric current
Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux = Electric Current
and Electric MMF/reluctance =
Current EMF/resistance
MMF -
magnetomotive EMF -
force electromotive
force
Units of flux and Flux Φ is Current I is
current measured in measured in
Weber (Wb) Ampere (A)
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
MMF and EMF Magnetomotive Electromotive
force is the force is the
driving force driving force
and is measured and is measured
in Ampere turns in Volts (V)
(AT)
EMF = ʃ E dl
MMF = ʃ H dl E - electric field
H - magnetic intensity
field intensity dl - differential
dl - differential length
length
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
Reluctance and Reluctance ( ) Resistance (R)
Resistance opposes the opposes the
flow of magnetic flow of current
flux unit – ohm
unit - AT/Wb
R = (⍴)(l/a),
= (1/µ)(l/a), ⍴ - resistivity
µ - permeability l - length
l - length a – area
a – area
Permeance and Permeance = Conductance =
Conductance 1/reluctance 1/resistance
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
Examples For magnetic For electric
flux, there is no circuit there are
perfect a large number
insulator. It can of perfect
set up even in insulators like
the non glass, air,
magnetic rubber, PVC and
materials like synthetic resin
air, rubber, which do not
glass etc. allow it to flow
through them.
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
Variation of The reluctance The resistance
Reluctance and ( ) of a (R) of an
Resistance magnetic circuit electric circuit is
is not constant almost constant
rather it varies as its value
with the value depends upon
of B. the value of ρ.
The value of ρ
and R can
change slightly
if the change in
temperature
takes place
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
Applicable Laws Kirchhoff flux Kirchhoff
and MMF law is voltage and
followed current law is
followed. (KVL
and KCL)
Magnetic and Magnetic lines Electric lines or
Electric lines of flux starts current starts
from North pole from positive
and ends at charge and ends
South pole. on negative
charge.
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
Energy in the Once the The Energy is
circuit magnetic flux expanding
sets up in a continuously, as
magnetic circuit, long as the
no energy is current flows
expanded. Only through the
a small amount electrical circuit.
of energy is This energy is
required at the dissipated in the
initial stage to form of heat.
create flux in
the circuit.
 Basis Magnetic Circuit Electric Circuit
Analogy Permeability Conductivity
Analogy Reluctivity Resistivity
Density Flux Density B = Current Density J
Φ/a (Wb/m2) = I/a (A/m2)
a - area a - area
Drops MMF drop = Φ EMF drop = IR
Summary of Units