Fundamental Quantities of Electrical Enginering

Member Name

1. M. Bayu Tirta Aji (21050874004)

2. M. Ferdy Ardiansyah (21050874006)
3. Andika Pratama (21050874024)
CURRENT

Current is the amount of flow that passes through a point in a

circuit.

In electrical engineering the phenomenon of electric current

can be said to be the amount of electricity flowing in a
certain amount.
 Electron Electron
current
Atom Bohr

>Electrons are an important part of atoms. An atom consists

of a nucleus and the electrons that surround it.

The amount of electricity carriers are also

called charge carriers and most are
electrons.

Electrons have the smallest charge 1. Atomic union

called the elementary charge.
Electrons are considered practical 2. Electron conductor
charge carriers because of their small
volume and very small mass.
Ion Atoms or groups of atoms that have lost Or gain one
or more electrons.

(Ions are charge carriers that have

mass)

When ions are compared to charged

Ion
neutral atoms

Current
(When the electron content is more,
then the ion is negatively charged,
when it has fewer electrons, it is called 1. Metal bait line
positively charged). 2. Electrolyte
3. Electron
4. Negative ions
5. Positive ions
6. Neutral molecules
 Types of Electrical Current Delivery Substances

Conductor Insulator Semiconductor

Substances with many Substances whose charge
moving charge carriers carriers are fixed or currents
cannot flow through these
substances
.
Substances that are bad at
delivering currents but can let small
currents flow

Examples of conductors: The most important The most important examples of

(mainly silver, copper, examples of semiconductors are silicon,
aluminum and iron) and insulators are germanium and selenium.
electrolytes (saline procelain, glass, plastic.
solutions).
3 CHARACTERISTIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT
1. the generation of heat in conductors through which currents flow

2. magnetic field associated with current

3. transport of substances by ion currents

 Itensity of Current
 
In electrical engineering, current intensity can occur in Units and Magnitudes
very different magnitudes. After the formation of the
base unit for current intensity,
The intensity of current is determined by the the unit of electric magnitude
amount of charge flowing through the conductor over can be derived from the
a given time. The result of the relationship I = Q/t. equation.
The unit of current intensity is ampere = A; The most
commonly used sub-units are kA, mA and A.
Q=l·t
From the equation of the definition of current [Q] = [I] · [t]
intensity, derived the basic unit of electricity [Q] = (A) · (s) and from 1A ·
magnitude; It is ampere-sekon (A.s) = coulomb (C). A 1s = 1C = 1 coulomb
commonly used sub-unit is ampere-hour (A.h). [Q] = (C)
Voltage
In order for the current to flow through the
conductor, electrical "pressure" must be exerted
on a free-moving charge carrier. This "pressure"
is an electric drive phenomenon in a charge
carrier called a voltage. There is no current
without an electric voltage. 
.
The phenomenon of current driving is called the electric force of
motion. This phenomenon is generated in a voltage source, which
delivers energy to the charge carrier and then flows through the
conductor. Because each conductor provides more or less
resistance to current flow, the charge carrier loses energy as it
passes through. This can be referred to as a voltage drop.

Current can only flow through the conductor, therefore the

current path formed by the conductor must be closed.
In electrical engineering, voltage can occur in very different quantities, As in the
following table.

Application Voltage

Lightning 10.000.000 V = 10 MV

Extra high voltage line 600.000 V = 600 kV

High voltage line 60.000 V = 60 kV

Spark plugs in internal engine 15.000 V = 15 kV

combustion
PLN 220 V

Motorcycle Battery 12 V
Resistance and Conductance
Information:
Resistance is any conductor and any R=Resistance
electrical device that has the property of Can be formulated r=Specific resistance
withstanding the flow of any current L=Conductor length
(electrical resistance) A = Cross-sectional area

The higher the resistance, the worse the current

conduction.
Relationships apply to material constants.
Conductance is permeability to conductor
specific resistance, specific conductance
current (formula sign G)
expressed as reciprocal value; k = 1/ r . The
rating equation for electrical conductance is
obtained as follows:
G = 1/R Information:
Information: G=Conductance
G=Conductance A=Conductor cross-sectional area
K=Specific conductance K=1/r
R=Resistance l = Conductor length
 Resistor
Resistors are components used to limit current through
certain resistance values

Resistance and conductance are the properties of conductors and electrical devices.
Resistance characterizes the resistance offered to the current flow;
Conductance indicates how well the conductor or device in question allows the current to pass
through. 

The correlation between resistance and conductance results from the relationship.

R = 1/G

The rating equation of resistance and conductance is

R = r · l/A dan G = k · A/l
The material constant r is called specific resistance, k is called specific conductance.
Thank you