Model for Visualizations beyond the Desktop

Hasan Saeed
1212179
BS Computing
Sir Muhammad Sajid

SZABIST Karachi Campus

Contents

Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Background: .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Problem Statement: .................................................................................................................................. 8
Research Questions: ................................................................................................................................. 8
Objective: .................................................................................................................................................. 9
Hypothesis: ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Scope of the study: ................................................................................................................................... 9
Limitations of the study: ........................................................................................................................... 9
Literature Review: ................................................................................................................................... 10
Methodology:.......................................................................................................................................... 19
References: ............................................................................................................................................. 21
Introduction:

Data is the raw material for our insights and decisions, and lies at the beginning of the
visualization process. Data has many aspects. It can be structured (such as stored in XML or
Excel) or unstructured (such as a microblog message), static or temporal, or rapidly changing or
slow to change. Data is getting bigger, more complex, more varied, more up-to-date, and more
personal. Some data comes from ourselves as human beings. For example, affective computing
(computers that respond to emotion) offers the computer insight into our well-being and
emotional state. The computer can change its actions depending on our behavior. Mapping data
to an appropriate visual form is a key to creating useful visualizations. This mapping
depends highly on the presentation technology (for example, you might be able to map the same
data to sound or temperature).
Information visualization—a subset of visualization that focuses on abstract nonphysical data—
has historically targeted off-the-shelf computer hardware—that is, personal workstations often
equipped with arrays of monitors for output and a mouse and keyboard for input. Accordingly,
few papers at the annual IEEE Information Visualization Conference use any other computer
technology than standard desktop and laptop computers. However, the possible applications of
information visualization are growing to include casual users on mobile devices or nontraditional
devices such as large displays, as well as teams of experts collaborating in dedicated
environments.

Visualization is coming of age. With visual depictions being seamlessly integrated into
documents, and data visualization techniques being used to understand increasingly large and
complex datasets, the term "visualization"' is becoming used in everyday conversations. But we
are on a cusp; visualization researchers need to develop and adapt to today's new devices and
tomorrow's technology. Today, people interact with visual depictions through a mouse.
Tomorrow, they'll be touching, swiping, grasping, feeling, hearing, smelling, and even tasting
data. The next big thing is multisensory visualization that goes beyond the desktop.

Since there has been a monumental change in the amount of data that we process every day and
with the ever-present wish to gain a better insight and in-depth understanding of the data,
visualization is one way in which this can be achieved. Visualization can benefit the users in
many ways; users can see and understand the data more effectively, with the help of visualization
the users can perform tasks in an easier manner, in medicine the representation of data visually
would be very helpful in performing the surgeries that are usually hard to operate on.

Computer collect an immense amount of data and we can use this data, process and visualize it.
This diversity by which we can represent the data is quite big. The systems which visualize the
data for us have become quite advanced and to operate this effectively we need to adapt to new
and sophisticated techniques. These techniques have been researched for some time now and the
progress is quick though it is not enough for it to be implemented. The displays can now
represent data in various ways and the data now has a richer and clearer representation. With the
introduction of input technologies, which includes multi-touch surfaces and tangible controllers,
the representation of physical data is now much better. With new technologies, where the
visualization has been made physical to make the representation enriched, the facilities that are
the available to the users are many. However, new technologies bring new challenges; the design
of the visualization is informal, the lack of conceptual makes it difficult to make a
comprehensible model for representation and the lack of knowledge of these new technologies.
These challenges are some of the reasons why thus far this has not been implemented. But the
areas are being researched thoroughly and in the near future they would be implemented. The
researcher believes that better understanding of the current desktop visualization systems is the
key to the understanding of Model beyond the Desktop Visualization. Not everyone totally
agrees with the visualization of the data as they are used to the data being represented on a
computer screen.

Figure 1.

Infovis Pipeline

Figure 1 is the process of the visualization of information is a sequence of data transformation

that goes through several stages until the final output. This process is referred as the
Visualization Process Model or the Inforvis Pipeline.
Figure 2.

Inforvis Pipeline Updated

In this research the research extended the model and attempts to provide a clear description of
the pipeline. The model is shown in Figure 2. This model is extremely useful for understanding
the information visualization systems as the previous models have been focusing on Desktop
systems.

Computers and collect huge amounts of data, information and processes you use to describe you.
We are too much to be able to represent this diversity. Shouts advanced information systems, we
have a lot of things, and effective, we have to adapt to new and sophisticated technologies. This
technology, but is currently under consideration, and even if the implementation is not enough to
progress more quickly. More resources are now living expression of control and now, it is
possible to present a variety of information. Touch input surface, and as technology, real estate,
construction, hardware controller is now known as a physical representation of the data. Visual
representation of the user's body to be used as a further advantage of the new technology, and
rich. But the new technology creates new challenges. Eyes do not follow the visual design view,
this lack of knowledge to understand these new technologies, it can be difficult to express, is
informal and easy. These tests are part of the reason has been implemented so far. However, the
area has been thoroughly studied in the near future, and they exercise. The researchers better
understand the current system visualization table, we believe that the key to understanding
fashion outdoor table estimates. The appropriate use of information and visual information is
represented on the computer screen.

Background:

The way that technology becomes part of our everyday life will directly affect visualization.
There are many different visions of novel visualization technologies. Here, we present three
visions of visualization’s future. They aim to inspire you and help you ponder questions such as,
what does visualization research require to achieve these visions? Any step between these two
extremes is considered mixed reality (MR), which has two subsets. Augmented virtuality inserts
real-world views or objects into a virtual scene; augmented reality inserts virtual objects into a
Real-world scene.

In this study the researcher would be researching about the Model for Visualization. We would
present a model for visualization beyond desktop that involves a range of technologies including
3D and board size displays. This would also include visualization that has a tangible input and
represents physical information. The models we would be discussing can be used in both
conventional and unconventional way. We would also compare different design alternatives.

So the representation of data in visual form is important. But we have the opportunity to
represent data in more than one sensory form not just visual. This idea is not new. For example,
cell phones vibrate when call is received and we interact with many touch devices every day. We
can use different forms of modules to represent data. The most noticeable feature of today’s
personal computing environment is its visual interface, which is based on the desktop metaphor,
and a set of GUI (graphical user interface) rules and conventions to represent information objects
and regulate interaction behavior. As a virtual world the "physics" of the conventional desktop to
some extent resembles the real world, including constant scale, continuity, fixed place (of file
location), and "Newton's first law" (“an object at rest stays at rest until acted upon by force” or
“objects on the desktop stay where the user places it.). Today’s desktop computing environments
also organize information hierarchically into files in folders. Most computer users have lived
digitally in this virtual world for more than a decade.
However, new opportunities come with new challenges and new issues. Some of these areas are
quite new and being researched thoroughly. Yet the extent of the research is not enough for it to
be implemented in the practical world. There is always the risk of the response of the general
public.

Problem Statement:

How Visualization In addition to the work table, how can it be implemented in the real world in the
future, how the public reacts to the idea of the data presented in visual form, it is 3D.

Research Questions:

 How does Interactive Model for Visualization beyond Desktop work?

 How does Interactive Model for Visualization beyond Desktop help us in representing the
data in a better manner?
 Is the process of Interactive Model for Visualization beyond Desktop cost efficient?
 How would the general public respond to the change in the representation of data?

Objective:

The objective of this research is to study how does Visualization beyond Desktop actually work
and how it affects the representation of data. This topic highlights the area in which the future
data representation would depend on. In the future there is quite a big possibility of data being
represented visually.

Hypothesis:

We would be analyzing the Visualization beyond Desktop and how does it represent data in a
better manner. We present a conceptual interaction model and visual notation system that aims to
facilitate the description, comparison and criticism of beyond-desktop visualization systems. We
believe that better understanding desktop visualization systems can help understand beyond-
desktop systems and vice versa. We then illustrate how to use our model and visual notation
through case studies of less conventional visualization systems. We conclude with a discussion
of the strengths and the limits of our model.

Scope of the study:

To understand how technological changes, affect visualization, we must examine the main
components of the visualization process.

Limitations of the study:

We humans use our senses to perceive information in the form of different stimuli, which we
interpret and understand through cognitive processes. Specific types of information are often
mapped to symbols, points, or colors that convey meaning. We perceive other types of
information through more complex processes, such as proprioception, which lets us sense our
body’s position. Interpreting information often provides additional context and lets us, for
instance, understand where we are.
Literature Review:

Some Background on Visualization:

Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a

message. Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to communicate both
abstract and concrete ideas since the dawn of man. Examples from history include cave
paintings, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Greek geometry, and Leonardo da Vinci's revolutionary
methods of technical drawing for engineering and scientific purposes. Visualization today has
ever-expanding applications in science, education and engineering. Visualization is about
communicating and perceiving data, both abstract and scientific, through visual representations.
To achieve this, visualizations leverage the human visual system’s high bandwidth. For example,
users or companies wish to understand and demonstrate trends in some data. A visual depiction
of that information might let users understand the patterns and trends contained in that data more
quickly than viewing the raw data. In this research the researcher focuses on a specific type of
visualization; Data Visualization. This is viewed by many people as a modern equivalent of
visual communication. A primary goal of data visualization is to communicate information
clearly and efficiently to users via the statistical graphics, plots, information graphics, tables, and
charts selected. Effective visualization helps users analyze and reason about data and evidence. It
makes complex data more accessible, understandable and usable. Users may have particular
analytical tasks, such as making comparisons or understanding causality, and the design principle
of the graphic (i.e., showing comparisons or showing causality) follows the task.

Paintings display, graphs or to communicate with a large quantity of cake. Visualization, visual
image of abstract and concrete, and will come into force in the light of the human "impure ideas.
Examples include the history of cave paintings, Egyptian hieroglyphics and book Greeks, and
pulled him from the new technical and scientific methods of Leonardo da Vinci. Today, science
visualization applications growing, training is not the screen. And links to data that are abstract
and memory skills with visual images. At this point, the cause of the room watching with a lot of
bandwidth. so for consumer trends in knowledge, understanding and willing to be a visual image
that can users' understanding, taking into account the data models and trends, rather than raw
data and information quickly so I had to investigate researchers special look, look.This
information is called a large modern variety, like a river main objective is the transfer of
knowledge and co-operation on the screen to users in the form of statistical graphics. With
cunning, graphs and tables concept, and he chose a particular table. Effective visualization helps
its users analyze data and reason and evidence. This enables understanding of complex
knowledge more accessible and useful. Users can analytically especially so understanding, not
causation things that he does, and is the basis for graphic design (ie, which show the cause, and
from the comparison), as needed.

Visualization say that your life is in the seed Cicero in his sketchbook demo development to
promote and 1987. Both scientists and engineers, as we have seen above, in the form of maps
and data visualization algorithms for design and construction. Work, as they are known (e.g., bar
graphs, line graphs and scatter graph) players are taught. While others equally well known (e.g.,
parallel tree ambush design and maps). Each year, researchers show ways to use the new
terminology that has been given and the arts. Monuments while the visual image data used for
the development of the manufacturer or the perception of body reason for this is, therefore,
management and visualization is a valid reason. Part of the interest. In fact, it can be moved to
the user's perspective. The transition to other examples, tables or lighting in the study boxplot
printouts of light surrounding the screen.

Visualization has been developing since Ivan Sutherland’s Sketchpad and the seminal
presentation of scientific visualization in 1987. So, engineers and scientists design visualization
algorithms to map the data into a visual form or structure. Some of these structures are well
known (for example, bar charts, scatterplots, and line graphs) and taught even in elementary
schools. Others are lesser known (for example, tree maps and parallel coordinate plots). Every
year, researchers find new ways to display data and new domains to which they can apply their
skills. While a visualization designer can use her knowledge on percept transformations to design
visual or physical presentations, this transformation is outside the visualization system pipeline
and therefore outside the system’s control. Part of it is under the user’s control. For example, a
user can move around to get a different perspective. Other examples include switching on a desk
light to examine boxplot printouts or dimming the light before using a volumetric display.
The nature of Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad, and scientific visualization first proposal in 1987,
Engineers and design algorithms visualization to record information in the nature of the problem
is blind. Some of these well-known house (as, chart, scatterplot and the graph line instruction) to
the primary school. Some are less known (for example, where three plots). Each year, scientists
find new ways to look at the data and the new domain name that they use their own language.
Since the appearance of the designer can use his knowledge percept change problem blind or put
in the report, this turned out the visualization station system, and therefore outside the
jurisdiction of the system. Part of it under that. For example, a user could run around and find
different. One reason for this change in writing, to consider the impact of the boxplot light or
dim the lights before using of the volumetric.

Information visualizations have been a subject of research for many years by now. Computers
are becoming more and more powerful and enable complex scientific visualizations. But
moreover, information visualizations have found their way into many everyday application
domains. People increasingly use visual tools such as zoom able maps, charts and diagrams to
navigate large data sets or visualize data themselves. For example, map visualizations such as
Google Maps have found wide spread use in recent years.

Data is the raw material for our insights and decisions, and lies at the beginning of the
visualization process. Data has many aspects. It can be structured (such as stored in XML or
Excel) or unstructured (such as a microblog message), static or temporal, or rapidly changing or
slow to change. Data is getting bigger, more complex, more varied, more up-to-date, and more
personal. Some data comes from ourselves as human beings. For example, affective computing
(computers that respond to emotion) offers the computer insight into our well-being and
emotional state. The computer can change its actions depending on our behavior. Mapping data
to an appropriate visual form is a key to creating useful visualizations. This mapping depends
highly on the presentation technology (for example, you might be able to map the same data to
sound or temperature). Information visualization—a subset of visualization that focuses on
abstract nonphysical data— has historically targeted off-the-shelf computer hardware—that is,
personal workstations often equipped with arrays of monitors for output and a mouse and
keyboard for input. Accordingly, few papers at the annual IEEE Information Visualization
Conference use any other computer technology than standard desktop and laptop computers.
However, the possible applications of information visualization are growing to include casual
users on mobile devices or nontraditional devices such as large displays, as well as teams of
experts collaborating in dedicated environments.

Despite years of research, it is now the subject of information visualization. Computers have
become more and more powerful, enabling complex scientific visualization. However, in many
everyday applications, and visualization of the data in circles. More people will be able to zoom
in and navigate large data sets for visualization of their data, such as maps, charts, diagrams, and
use visual tools. For example, Google Maps, map visualizations, as found widespread use in the
next few years,

Technical devices such as mobile computers, tablets, smartphones etc. have thoroughly
permeated our everyday lives and are the new mass computational platform. These and many
other new technologies are produced to relieve our brains and simplify everyday tasks, but
human-computer interfaces are not always comfortable to use. In many cases they only work
well in special situations when standing still, with finger-touch screen interaction or by requiring
a heavy visual focus on the devices display. Regardless of the technology, new solutions for
more efficient and easier control of technical devices, which take human factors into
consideration, have to be found. Hands-busy and on the road situations are fields of application
in which control can still be described as a problem. Mobile devices such as mobile computers,
tablets and smartphones, which are designed to be usable while mobile and on the go, are often
not actually usable in these situations; for example: while on the road, carrying bags, needing to
hang on in a bus or train, having gloves on, holding a child’s hand, having unclean hands or just
doing something else with ones’ hands. Problems may also occur if the mobile device is in a
poorly accessible location such as the inside pocket of a jacket.

Visual Mapping This transformation gives an initial visual form to the processed data by
mapping data entities to visual marks and data dimensions to visual variables. On computer
systems, those typically correspond to graphical primitives and graphical attributes. This stage
constitutes the core part of information visualization and is what distinguishes one visualization
technique from another. For example, a 2D scatterplot visual mapping takes tabular data as input
and creates a shape for each record. The shape’s position is a function of the record’s value on
two data columns, and some of its attributes (size, shape, and color) may also be mapped to other
columns. A parallel coordinate’s visual mapping processes the same data very differently. In our
boxplot example, for each five-number summary, the visual mapping creates a rectangle whose
length is determined by the inter-quartile range, a line whose position is determined by the
median, and two T-shaped line pairs whose extremities are determined by the upper and lower
extremes. The visual mapping transformation also holds information on dimension assignment,
i.e., which dimensions of the processed data it takes as input and in which order. The outcome of
the visual mapping transformation makes up the abstract visual form. This form is abstract
because the visualization at this point is not yet fully defined. For example, the box plot visual
mapping is indifferent to the vertical scale and to the horizontal placement of boxes and most of
their visual attributes (color, border width, etc.). We call those free visual variables, to contrast
them with encoding visual variables that are constrained by the visual mapping.

The initial transformation is a visual form of data processed visual markings and visual
dimensions of mapping data elements of data variables. The computer systems, they generally
correspond to the graphic primitives and graphic properties. This step involves the central part,
this separation of information and imaging technology, imaging apart. For example, data from a
2D scatterplot visual input mapping table and create a form for each entry. Form is function of
position record with two columns, and some properties (size, shape, color) is assigned to the
other columns. The parallel coordinate visual mapping process the same data in very different
ways. In our example, box-plot- all five numbers summarizing, creates a visual map will
determine the interquartile range, a line rectangle whose length is determined that the position of
the median, and two pairs of T-shaped line whose limbs determines the top part and the lower
limbs.

Presentation Mapping. This transformation turns the abstract visual form into a fully-specified
visual presentation that can be displayed, printed or fabricated. This involves operations such as:

• Specialization involves specifying the final details of all encoding visual variables. This
includes applying scaling functions to normalized positions and applying color scales to
color indices.

• Styling consists of assigning free visual variables in a consistent manner across the
entire visualization. For example, all boxes from a boxplot can be filled with gray and
drawn with a black border.
 • Optimization consists in assigning free visual variables in a way that facilitates the
reading of a visualization. An example is sorting boxplots from left to right per
participant ID. More elaborate operations include graph layout and matrix reordering.

• Decoration consists in adding non-coding graphical primitives to facilitate the reading

and interpretation of a visualization. Examples include axis labels, grid lines, legends and
captions

The presentation mapping holds all parameters for these operations, e.g., which style or layout
algorithm misused. In addition, it holds information on overriding operations, which are local
visual operations that take precedence over all systematic operations. Highlighting a chart
element overrides styling. Adjusting a graph node manually overrides optimization. Adding a
freehand annotation overrides decoration. The outcome of the presentation mapping is the visual
presentation, a complete visual specification which can be thought of as a bitmap image, a scene
graph, or a 3D model in a computer implementation.

Rendering. The rendering transformation makes the visual presentation perceivable by bringing
it into existence in the physical world. For example, a boxplot can be displayed on a screen or
printed on paper. The same is true for a 3D molecule visualization, although it can also be
presented on a volumetric display or 3D-printed.

The rendering transformation holds all the information and settings necessary for this process.
Examples include view projections (pan and zoom settings, 3D camera viewpoint), anti-aliasing
and shading options, final cropping and positioning operations by the window manager, the
configuration of output device drivers, and hardware settings.
The physical presentation is the physical object or apparatus that makes the visualization
observable, in the state defined by the rendering transformation. It can be a piece of paper with
ink on its surface, a physical LCD display with its LEDs in a particular state, or a rapidly
spinning enclosed 2D display (a swept-surface volumetric display).

So far we captured how raw data is made visual and brought into existence in the objective world
independently from any observer. Here we consider how the physical presentation is read and
used. Cognitive processes are complex, poorly understood and differ across users, therefore our
model does not try to capture those in detail.
Percept Transformation. This transformation defines how the physical presentation becomes a
percept. Roughly defined, a percept is what an observer sees at a given point in time. For
example, a user facing a volumetric display will see not a spinning disc, but a glowing object
resembling a 3D molecule. A user facing a computer screen will see not an array of LEDs but a
spatially continuous boxplot chart. While a visualization designer can use her knowledge on
percept transformations to design visual or physical presentations, this transformation is outside
the visualization system pipeline and therefore outside the system’s control. Part of it is under the
user’s control. For example, a user can move around to get a different perspective. Other
examples include switching on a desk light to examine boxplot printouts or dimming the light
before using a volumetric display. It is defined as a feeling of physical transformation. Nearly a
certain perception that the observer sees a point in time. For example, the size of the screen the
user will not see the rotating disk, but the molecule is similar to a bright object in 3D. LED
computer monitor, a user is going to see a number, but a graphic diagram of the box spatially is
not sustainable. Changes in the physical design of the designer, visual presentations or viewing
Percept can use his knowledge of the system outside the control of transformation, therefore, the
piping system and out of the screen. Part of it is under the control of the user. For example, a
user can move from a different perspective. Other examples before using the diagram traces the
light box to check or attenuating the light volume display includes a light table. Environmental
factors, physical stimuli distal (presentations) proximal stimulus (retina display) to make a
determination. In addition, according to the transformation of feelings which are beyond the
control of the user stimulus, which includes all the mechanisms in the psycho proximal
perception. This type of blindness, such as individual factors such as mechanisms of adaptation
and includes a light. The mechanism appears to be consistent as space and time to make the
stimulus include electronic screens. This conversion is defined as a physical representation of an
understanding. Defined broadly, it is an idea of what the observer sees at any given time. For
example, the user display is a volumetric view of the turntable, but the neon-like molecule 3D
object. The user can see on the computer screen is controlled, not a set of LEDs, but spatially
continuous Schematic boxplot. Although the designers of data visualization understanding of the
changes to the visual presentations or a physical change is more than visualization of the tube,
and therefore, it is a different system. Part of it is under the control of the user. For example, to
move, to get a different perspective of the user. Other examples include connecting a desk lamp
or a boxplot print DIM explore light in front of the volumetric display. It is defined as a physical
change in feeling. It is almost certain conviction that the viewer sees the time. For example, the
user can select the display size is that the disc is rotating, but the molecule is similar to a clear
picture of 3D. LED display, the user will see a number, but the graph of the box is spatially to
maintain.

Environmental factors determine how distal stimuli (physical presentations) are turned into
proximal stimuli (retinal images). In addition, the percept transformation includes all
psychophysical mechanisms that turn proximal stimuli into percepts, and that are largely outside
the user’s control. These include general mechanisms like light adaptation and individual factors
like color blindness. Those also include the mechanisms that make the time- and space-
discretized stimuli from electronic displays appear as coherent shapes.

Integration. This transformation defines how a new percept is combined with previous percepts
to update a mental visual model of the visual presentation. For example, inspecting a molecular
model from different angles or panning and zooming a dense 2D visualization help to construct a
visual mental model that aligns with the original visual presentation. This change indicates the
combination of a new visual percept currently updated visual mental model and former percepts.
For example, note the molecular model from different angles, or pan, the introduction
accordance with zoom support looks dense 2D optical sight to build a mental model. But
percepts, are visual mental model of both temporary and incomplete. Most optical data collected
outside world forgotten, and it should be. What highlighted the process through which the user
visual mental model and the data is only a rough sketch for the promotion of visual perspective?
However, both percepts and mental visual models are ephemeral in nature and extremely
incomplete. Most of the visual information gathered from the external world is forgotten and re-
accessed when it is needed. Mental visual models are only rough sketches that help users
maintain an overview of what is where and remain oriented during the visual information
gathering activity.

Decoding + Insight Formation. This transformation defines how information is extracted

from the visual mental model. Decoding refers to the extraction of data values, such as retrieving
the median performance of a specific participant. Decoding initially requires identifying which
visual mapping function has been applied and subsequently being able to “invert” it. The ease of
this process is determined by the recognizably and readability of a visualization, which in turn
depend on the user’s visual literacy and degree of training. Once the visual mapping is
understood, not all information retrieval tasks require explicit decoding, as tasks in the data
domain can translate into tasks in the visual domain. For example, medians between participants
can be compared by looking at relative positions of lines. This amendment defines how data
from visual perception is dismantled. Decoding refers to extracting data values from the median
performance of a certain image of the participants. Decoding requires beginning to recognize as
appropriate visual function mapping, and then be able to "translate" it. The ease of this process is
known readability and visualization of all will depend on visual literacy and education users. If
the visual mapping realized that not all data retrieval tasks specific tasks require decoding such
data domain of visual tasks can be translated. For example, medians between participants
looking at the relative position of the lines are compared. Additional information may be the
development of any abnormality or the performance of the center line being then directly from
Boxplot visual representation, such as the degree of variation collected. Similarly, mental model
of visual information, the visualization is directly charged with the limit of short-term memory,
but can be used and subsequent retrieval of visual information in water, for example, through the
purchase relevant detailed information. In addition, if combined in different stages, have a wealth
of information and insights that lead to decision-making mechanisms and may lead. For
example, to usability analyst realize that the oldest users have problems with the new
Interface and decide to have a group, to explore alternative models.

Other information can be gathered directly from the boxplot’s visual presentation, such as the
degree of variation between medians, the existence of possible outliers, or performance trends
per age. Similarly, to the visual mental model, the information gained from a visualization is
ephemeral due to limits of short term memory, but can serve to guide later visual information
retrieval such as obtaining relevant detailed information. Also, once combined and put into
context, multiple pieces of information can lead to insights that can be remembered and guide
decision making. For example, our usability analyst might realize that elder users have issues
with the new user interface and decide to have her team explore alternative designs.
Transformations can be seen as functions that are preferably but not necessarily bijective.
Information is often intentionally filtered out during data transformation. During rendering, some
information can be lost due to display limitations, and lots of information can also be lost when
cropping a visual presentation to fit a viewport or projecting a 3D visual presentation on 2D. By
faithfulness we refer to the ability of a rendering transformation to preserve information. In our
visual notation, this is represented by the amount of overlap between the visual and physical
presentation icons (see Figure 3). Even with a faithful rendition, however, a large quantity of
information can be lost at the percept transformation and subsequent stages, due to limits in
human abilities to perceive and interpret visual information.

Figure. 3

Methodology:

The research used data currently available on the Internet in a variety of research projects and
other items. This study consists of the quantitative data, so that there will be some experiments to
collect more data and there is no data that can be numerical analysis.

Researchers use surveys subject, because regularly need to read topics / themes from the one and
then reports written in their own words is over the table that need report continues continue to
complain and then look again and again about what is written under the topic / subject.
Some of the responses of the questionnaire that was given to the general public to answer:
References:

1. An Interaction Model for Visualizations Beyond The Desktop Yvonne Jansen, Pierre
Dragicevic, 2013

2. Creating Physical Visualizations With MakerVis, Saiganesh Swaminathan, Lora Oehlberg,

Yvonne Jansen, 2014

3. Beyond the Desktop, Hauptseminar Medieninformatik, Henri Palleis, Alina Hang, Doris
Hausen, Fabian Hennecke, Felix Lauber, WS 2012/2013

4. Visualization beyond the Desktop—The Next Big Thing, Jonathan C. Roberts and Panagiotis
D. Ritsos, Sriram Karthik Badam, Jessie Kennedy, 2014

5. Beyond-the-Desktop Interactive Visualizations, Steffen Wenz, 2013

6. Beyond-the-Desktop Interactive Visualizations Till Ballendat, 2014