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18. "...On my attempt to read the Telugu Mahabharat,

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hand, on English paper numbering the verses to facilitate
reference...! first had a copy made from any manuscript
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and the verses duly numbered then the volume was
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bound. ..A clerk sat with the newly written copy ready;
and before him were two, each having charge of five or six
manuscripts, the oldest I could discover. ..Each assistant
in turn read a stanza, which thus was recited ten or
twelve times; the scribe recorded every deviation; Pandits
formed their judgements on each line, and then one of
them taking the blotted copy, selected the pure text, and
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1. Robert Sewell* Forgotten Empire p 117 .

5. Commentaries of Afonso Dalboquerque Vol. II?

pp. 74 . 77.

6. FT. Heras, Early Relations Between Vijayanagara and

the Portuguese* Quarterly Journal of the Mythic

Society Vol. XVI, p. 65.

224

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7. Prof. G. Venkata Rao* Krislmadevaraya and the

Portuguese, Journal of the Andhra Historical Resea-
rch Society, Vol. X pp. 74-85, 1937.
8x'.
.
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27 <?o
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9. Commrntaries, Vol. IV, 75

pp. 74,

SbAbco
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10. Dr. O. Ramchandrayya, Studies on Krishnadevaraya,

A. U. Publication.
11. esfco sfsfepocrf. 4^252
o 2)

12. Fr. H. Heras? Aravidu dynasty pp. 58 9 59

13. Commentaries, Vol. IV p- 1.- 9

14. Commentaries. Vol. V- pp. 121. 124.

15. &x&> S'^POC^, 4-258,
228

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Christopher de Figueiredo

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17. F- C, Danvers? Portuguese in India. Vol. I, P. 347; also

Fr. Heras Aravidu dynasty, p* 59.

18. "Rachol lies to the east of province of Salsette... Wrested

from the king of Bijapur in 1520 (?)by Krishna Rao of

Vijayanagar, it was shortly ceded by the latter to the

Portuguese' (History of Goa.)

19. Sewell, Forgotten Empire, pp 5 251,252.
20. ^tfoS's&'o?*, 4^.145.
>

21 SewelU Historical Inscriptions of Southern India* p. 242

 22?

ponte)

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22^ Prof. G. V. Rao, op. Cit.

23. Dr. S^K. Aiyangar, History of Tirtipati, Vol. II, pp.

294-298; also Fr* H. Heras, Aravidu dynasty pp. 60. 6

A 0*) XJ

24. Fr. H. Heras, Aravidu dynasty^ pp. 61-64.

 77 ss>tf& &&OO&&G eooajSto 1545
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25. Niccolao Manucci, Storia Do Mogor, Vol. Ill p. 97

26. Heras, op cit. p, 67.
27.
Ibid, p. 64. fo.

28. Manual of Administration of the Madras Presidency

(MAMP) Vol. Ill, f 447.
29- Sewell, Forgotten Empire, p. 193 : also Heras, pp. 67-69.
30. Heras, op. cit, pp. 71, 72.
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32. Heras? op. cit. flf- 140,

33* ibid, pp. 435.437.

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37, Letter to the King of Portugal from Conde de Linha

resj then Portuguese Vice-roy in India, dated 30th Nov

38. Danvers Portuguese in India s Vol. IL pp* 249 9 250.

39, WQ<CO S*o2aT c,'a f

fij6d& &>($e2S, ^iao> 820,
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p. 228.
c

we heard was a French gunner then in town

that there
named Claude Maille of Bourges and that he was enga-
ged in casting some cannon which the Nawab wished
to leave in the fort/

41. ibid, p. 228:

K. V. Krishna Ayyar, The Zamorins of Calicut.

CO
^ ^ cSSpd
W
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\
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42. Niccolao Manucci 3 op. cit-, pp. 1 12-24; pp. 428.480.
43. Early Travels in India, p. 182-

44. John Marshall in India, pp. 50, 51.

 45

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45.
!

Patvvar4 'h;ia and Rawlinsoa, A Source Book of Maratha

TT ^^
^^*
History p.

46. English Factories in India (!63(L36), pp. 59* 60-

47. Henry Morris, Godavery District? p. 182.

48. MAnlP, Vol. Ill, p^ 77,

49. Despatch of Court of Directors dated the 28th Sep.

1637, MAMP, Voi: I, p. 220, fn .

34 ,f>
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Vol. Ill, P. 315; 1747 A. D
51. Ibid, Vol. VI, pp. 219, 225,

52.

53.

54. Heras op cit. pp. 315, 316

D'Frouze

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5S

55. MAMP, Vol. Ill, P. 448-

56. w&o rsSj-ostf

m.P 5* ?
&SS', 18.

57* Ibid,

58,
59, . 59.

60. 1-58.
236

(U23-1447)
vi

-' 6I

62

l"-S2-!687)

3 ^Dod 1511 6

3 s'cfib 67^ S

61. (4)
13- gb Si
fj&tfjjtf

62 Ibid, 1-74.

63, c^cs^pd
xaSj^^o,
64. S. R. Dalgado, p 34g; fn.
65- To a lingua of the factory at Goa two pardaus
monthly,./ Simao Botelho. Tombo do Estado da India*
p. 63: quoted by Dalgado , p 63, fa.

66- Dr. Robert Caldwell, History of Tinnevelley. p. 233,

? Heras, op. cit, p. 437,
 237

682 8^0 A si,

CO
70

&
GO- fTown-
v*^""
clerk) ^tf (Recorder)
sSgsSsJ<tfd5

CO

1750)
"
72

73

MAMP, Vol. I, p. 265, fn.

69. Notes and Extracts from the Govt. Records in Fort.
St George (1670-1681), Part III, 33 ; Sept- 9> 1680.
70 Pnngle, the Diary of the Agent* 1682.
71. MAMP. Vol. I, p. 220, &.
72. esSotftfo.-^crir tfotfSSb,

73 ibid, i 58.
2S8

74

*
75

ro e v v.

eo

^ srd

ro w
77

(1750)
& WcSctf

78 jj ^ecA?S 57 5

79

74. ibid. ^ 81.

75. ibid, iS*. 78.

76. ibid. i^. 15-

77. ^or^CPd^ ^$!^SS 9 2-81.

V^

78. Captain Alexander Hamilton (1650 A. D-), A New Acc-

ount of the East Indies* Preface p. XII.
79. The Portuguese language contributed many words to
the vocabularies of Indian languages, and a bastard form
of it was for a long time a lingua Franca in the sea-ports-

and European settlements along the coast. Both the

Dutch and the English in the Seventeenth century had
to employ Portuguese (*Th"e Impact of
interpreters-*
European L,S S-0' Malley. in the book
civilisations'
by
'Modern India and the West' Oxfoad, 1941, p. 47. quo-
ted by Dr. 1C V- Rao),
 5>bdS> *&S (Jesuit fathers)

. 1567

S I

so

- 5'
S tf&eo,

(1642-1651)

Cv

80. History of Goa p. 102,

81. ibid, pp. 56-58.

:82. Maturin Veyssiere La Croze, Histoire du Christianisme

des Indes 9 tome ii, ff. 384.

.83. Manucci, op. cit, p. 4?1.

*240 - - -
^^

i. tf. 1800

85
(1600)

u>

(Bartholo-mew ziegendalg, 1683-1789)

'

(Plutschau)

the Portuguese language has a strong hold in India-

for more than two centuries, they considered it appropriate

to learn it first* With the aid of the Portuguese they applied
themselves to the study of Tamil* but found the books in this

84. Dr. R. Caldwell. op. cit, p. 102.

85- C- P- 'Brown 9 A
Review of Mss- of Purvavedamu and
Rajulacharitra Madras Journal of literature and Science*
No 28 5 July, 1840, quoted in the Introduction to the
'Bible History, Part I, Nellore.1942.

86. Dr. CaldwelU op. cit, p-2-38

87. Hobson Jobson 9 1903, Introductory Remarks p. XVIII

*

88. La Croze, op. cit,

c
*
st
 241

Sanguage on palm leaves. It was all the help they were able
to reckon, understanding by it the living voice of some court-
ttry people... made little progress so they engaged a
They
"Tamil school master, who brought his school of small children
-with him, and the two missionaries began to write like them

the Malabari 1 amiU letters on sand with the fingers and Join
;them as the school master dictated them. Unfortunately the
master knew no Portuguese, so they were left in the dark as
>to the meanings of most ot the words they learned to write
.and pronounce But eventually they found a Tamilian who
3oiew Portuguese, Danish, Dutch and German! This man had
"
.rendered them a great help...

CO
KIT
89.
oo

Radewitz (1680

1732)

CD

90

Proceedings Book of the Madras Govu Monday the

27 th May, i?i7; MAMP. Vol. I. p. 566, fn

MAMP: Vol. I, p. 66. fn.

(Joachim D'^ouza (1776J829) d&& ^65 1784 ff*
"
\ ?
>^ *

93
ro

7 Sb

[828 5* *3s$-3o^
"^^e- /1828.1844)
1H8?

91. W. Francis, Gazetteer of Anantapnr District, P, 27.

92. f^&S'^^^ d& D^oSg'^SS >
^5o3 53*5 a&

93. W. Francis, Gazetteer of Bellary District, Vol. I, p, 57;

C. F. Rrackenbury, Gazetteer Cuddapah District, Vol. I,

p. 55-

21

(MAMP, Vol I, p 629 )

85. I5QO a^ "2ooto"aiL>^& ^o<S S^o^*^ s*0

gp^r^cD
5 ^fci" / 15 1 4..
17)
&
eearjjtfobj, (15S9.15S1)
 243

1630 i

1679
'
(Antem de Proenca)
97, 1743

83i^&Sc$)_Dorrl r^too) 307

47.808),
>&>o&o JSo^toS^lSD 98 f 8s^tfi& ^P5&co 1746
571) fctf^^a^S)

(Italian Baroabite)
Johannes Maria Percoto

63

96 G A Grierson Linguistic Survey of India- Vol IX*

part i, pp 4-1 1

97- Introduction to the Tamil lexicon, p xxxvi-

98. GA Grierson, op. cit- Vol. V, Parti, p 23.

99. MAMP Vol. I, p 550; also Rev H Gundert, A

Malayalam and English Dictonary, Mangalore, 1872,

Preface, p- iv.

lOQ. E Luce, A short note on the Alphabetum Barmanorum,

Journal of the Burmah Research Society, August, 1914,
p 144; quoted by J- R Firth in his Tapers in Lingui-
stics'* p 57-

101. A.D. Campbell, Advertisement to his Dictionary of

Telugu language* commonly termed the Gentoo, College
Press, Madras, 1821*
244

., S)5 tftfsr

102

ro

S&oSb Sb

104

oi.

"^S)^co,

102. J. R. Firth, 'Papers in Linguistics% p, 57.

103 Commentaries, Vol. Ill, p. 41.

104.

(1853)
; -SB D^otoo o
"Std3boeo?i>
 105

OO

>SCOD
(t>

o^b tf<&S& S?6 ^cxon* ^S

Q- 1

1635

e3o&<3&> ^6St^o"3&a esic^. ft

a

105- ibid. Vol. JV 5 p- 1; also ^vide

: The Portuguese make-
a marvellous profit all o\er India- Where they are well-

received they associate with the natives of the country?

who in their turn accompany them in theri voyages? so-
much so, that even all the crews of their ships ancfr-
pilots are Indians ...... Pyrad Francisco de Laval.

Yiagem, Vol. I, p- 438-

106. F. C- Danvers* op- cit Portuguese in -India, pp; 252^

254.
248

107

(Soldiers)

CD

fib ^

. 1878

itoaSSboo
<a

, 1882

1887

107. 1497-1612 e>

806 e5&, Sa ^S>s^eo 107 h Bco. 6 Off* 415

. 285
96

of Goa, p--37.)
(History
108. oc^cP8}b_)S) srtoS'SSxeS'* ^o?es^bo a-5
.0-5 rt>o3r*a> S&efcSa. 1885 s

*
1877-18~,8 S'ee^sSOr!' "2x^oo 1884

1882

-,

'09

A
1500_1850

109- Tavernier, Travels in India, Book II, p. 130

248

, 0*3;$,

"
btf. c

U *-'
Q
<*> fid

* W CD

.
6jl

a t>e tc55j*5" CP&

(1798-1884) HI,
T<5~
S^^CD^ (1855-

110- Manucci, op. cit, Vol. Ill, pp. 180, 181.

. C P. Boown, Dictionary of Mixed Telugu, Christian

knowledge Society Press, Madras* 1854.

 249

1922),
jr3d Ce.gr-5 cycrdfiacr*^
(1835)H2, a.|ff- (1987)M3,
crsfir f
(1947), tfsSj) S>tf#(tfaS& (I960.

sr o
cSS^o 3*^<S) f ^o$8

/eDtries^
V / o o

es

& 5?sSSsSbol6 g&eaoisSs^) ^ ifiS

S9

OXP sroSS $ isStfcfisr'tf&o'

^ oao^S).
Sf-

H2, Galletti's Telugu-English Dictionary, Oxford University

Press, London? 1935.

113- Dr. C Narayrna Rao, History of Telugu Language,

2 Vols> Andhra University publication, *937
114. C P. Brown, English-Telugu .Dictionary, Revised by
M. Venkataratnam, 1895,
250

(1884-1806)

(1906
J922
j

'

(Influencia do Vocabulario portugues em Linguas Asia

ticas)

(Academy of sS<s5co^ 1913 fir

Sciences)
Influence of Portuguese Vocables in Asiatic Languages"
1936

= gold
lace).
^^^" (
=.

CD

D "3, eS f irO,

115. Translated into English with notes, additions and co

mments by Prof- Anthony Xavier Soares.
 251

tfoeotf sSoA3& 'S&oer', *&$>* ^s "So"3

(-tfotocweo)
V ro x

So OS S^S FV^dS Stfc&sSb 1 16.

8
6i8.ei9 ^too^ "iccc^^ 34
\ J

eo

. 592,

592).

8J8).
to.
593),
618>.

595),
%
4 sa^i' 4)-
sjj>5 (
2pc.fi
(s3> 595),
5. tf&e* wtftf
618),
(s&.

w^fe^ (S3). 580),

6. yfc qo Afi>
(sj>.
605,
6i7)
co^eT
(^ 618),
7. /T
1
^^ e^^ (&. 618) r

, 612,
B18).

116 Galletti, op. cit. 5 pp. 55,

252

8. l*ter FO
{$. 595)

618),

($. 616)
11.

.
617)
12.

. 618,

18. ^B-So 83Dtf^

(S&. 818),

S2oA^ ^. 616)
14.
P3r^oa> 8tf^ s
(^). 618)
,

15. S> (8d&3fc>)

aorfS
^. 818),
.

581).

ro

S* &>

[IT'S. 73.

Q ** V
a e?0,
 eotftfStib &<&o> 253

(Camisa, cadeira, marca)

OSbff* i

(Complementary)

a <
(Chemise'}
\ / <r>

.
Caderia
rr

Cadeira
diccanario direccao (direction)
(dictionary),

(chave)

ea
ls
oSb ^fi)Sr? s* o, ee7,

, *h'

>

million' s$<3SSSotf *lli' 5^^ JS^is Sato

1 17. Tamil Lexicon, Vol* II, 714.

254

S3* "3

=
(kak

(huis
a

bake house) "Sootfoffc

(bakhuis=

H8. Galletti, op. cit , pp. 51, 79.

118. #&>*". tfs&j.csb

(?3b); tfo^ax)^. (Tamil Lexicon Vol. II, p
634)
120.
 255

CP |S$tfSfco5boG>
'21. qol )

: 150

: 152

sj A
^^ 5 ^oS^Dp H^
11
. co&e

o
^'sSjS>. -----
P
T O

, "Sao

121. Dr- K. Veerabhadrarao, Influence of English on Telugu

Literature, pp 5,20-
256

2. 33,
, Sir-ad, "So ^ ,.

6Sp(eo)

. DDSD,

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t/
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137)

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CD

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Ananas sativus (Flora of
Madras, III, P. 4
1046) 134)

MAMP, Vol III p. 28;.

592);- 5.);

.
(MAMP,Vol.
Ills p. 28); 1594S* esD^^l^o) DO?Y^0*^ ^o^^b "BD^
r ^SraSr

C^S) e8sriT (George Watt* The Economic products of

2

India Vol. I, P 236):

"ft Ob
a_ ro *>

(1653-1708) ^c^co (Storia

Do Mogor,
<33)
258

Vol. III.p. 183); **<3*3 **&o&o<S && Bo

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p. 123)

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MAMP

$. 240)
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History of Goa):

anno
wo. srtf. 256
115); (
,
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Hobson.Jobson. p. 15
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IMPOSED

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(MAMP, Vol. Ill, p. 121); 6^6*

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9 \

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lf. MAMP 5 III, 223;

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59V 'sStfor&elS^A 73c&g&o' (&. 1-196);

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'And when he heard this he said that such man could

be no other than the Frances, for by this name they call us in

these parts' (Roteiro da Viagemde, p. 99 ? 1838;)

out that since the Portuguese-Frangues, as

'Pointing

they call them-were so powerful it would be no wonder If

they enter this port...O Duarte Barbosa* Livro, p. 248-)

80, ^oe3:-e5j-. ^5o^*, ^S^ces3 , sjen

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English looc^ S)^oto^j, 1895;

. 5 5
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, 1854: (ST.

, 1953; tf. tf ._

1912 tf. tf.

MAMP-Manual of Administration of the Madras Presidency*

1885; Port- Voc,~Influence of Portuguese Vocables in Asiatic

Languages; XL- Tamil Lezicon.

itfc^boco:
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(Port- Voc- 5 p. 37).

93. gDoSb : 6j*. 83Q" shs-' fcg* ;

116V

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sj).
129);

(Annals of Hande Anantapuram. p. 23); ?5

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S* e^Sio go. ".).

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83
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3-12);
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(MAMP,

ro

258);
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a flfloft;
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1886

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24)

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99,
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(MAMP, III.
98),
8DD. DDoDS- DDoS)

; Averrhoa bilimbi. Linn;

tf'SDS* BDdab^'cto. rFlora of
Madras, Vol. I, p. 95).

(sjo^O
'<T' t QoA & thank, think-
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618)

101.

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24);

(1612
_ 1816, Early Travels

in India, p.
203).

,
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28);

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1-920);

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sSo
j.)
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o

No. 292Q4; SS

208.)

* Acc. No 29702 1?^^ 20? .

oJ
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Acc. No 29413; sS
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103. sxSb& : gc-o^, SrDg'; e^^^' (iff",

x-
qo
ss

^; _ ejo,
(wo. 5*&f);
Port. Voc
sioA & 'brush'

104-.
O Q
(4

: tSip. ^08^. ^o&^S p^a "Sa^C^ ftf.

V
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So. 42, tftf^ft/1. 2

sS^sfco, 254,
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832)

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i

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o^OCO : iP. ST eP^X), ^ SPOSO) (OS5^05S*) (^)5 ).

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sSft'S

(Carica Papaya.

Linn.; Caricaceae &&oo;5:Q"*> B-ieuS'SooS'^.

- Flora
of Madras, Vol 5
I. p, 3?1); &&c

[87]
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HO.

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V HI,

544).

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132);

life - buoy.

64)
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116.

ro

Hobson - Jobson p. 558

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17V s

11);

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121. sSsffj? : 4.

wcto.

. Voc. p- 7)
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122.

.
28);

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ttfibsfc* dr'Arra ( 177
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1837) s?ggtfe9S&, i^^sSb sS^ss 1836);.

125,

126.

&*^. "S^S"; SJO.

127 . Lsr.
59)
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sjo.

^_^>^^
(R.Nara
simhachar, History, of Kannada Language,
118);
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883);
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1265);

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(^S" 5
1300).
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^D57C^ V. Subbarao. Indian

(1788) ^^5d&) (G.
words In English, p. 121).

(1852)

2)

Ssr
(1875)

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9;
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9; 5
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CD CO ro a

20

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(^>l5i5*.); eSj^oA'^ (Ardea's Telugu

Grammer. p. 354); ....ajo

. "So $

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: C&. ^>e^> (^^^);_jo. (,5. 0.)
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p, 1026).

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Brown, Preface to his English-Telugu Die. P, IX )

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6,

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HP*

.0

sr^ff; {^0 sfccrfo&ff*a 'Hindu Church

of the Lord Jesus'

(MAMP
Vo3 I
p.)
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g. 12);

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1954

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1954

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2b A.R.No. S50 of 1836. l.r.

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R. No. 543 of 1908, Ls.<f. 1415; ^

g-^gss
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jSc^Sb l^ca ^^^ A. R. No. 503 of' 189.8;
I. tf. 1410; JS>s5gsSj-4tf4 ?r-5ss. Local
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5.

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1279 ^7ci3 63 glsS

3

tf

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. 42
/

ea

. -^s SS

7* Prof" S. G- Tulpule, An old Marathi Reader, Venus-

Prakashan Poona, 1960, p* 94.
 811

ro s
3 \

i e
- ^asS5Sfco cSbo^D
tf Sxx>
A
ff cofi' SS)
U2eJtoos
<

21*55"^

Bcoft D^D J6o-rp^g^

(Gypsy Tribes)
orb

oO

lecc^b sS

6ncSo&

, 19S7. sitoD 164 . 168.

Sir G- A. Grierson* Linguistic Survey of India 5 Vol.

IV, pp. 594 - 618.
SI 2

,
"3

D>J

s&J. ^
ro

d^oS'c^o

ro

M 'These words (Vaket. lend, mund nal,

ar are of Telugu language as the game is supposed to
vaid)
have originated in Telangana, a province in Southern India* !2

10, s

128.

11. ^^ ^o^;5"o/^ SooS'S, ^crl

596;

84, 85.

Dattatreya Chintamani Mujuradar, Encyclopaedia of

Indian Physical Culture, Shree Ram Vijaya
Printing,
Press, Rospura, Baroda? 1950, p. 85.
 318

,
U 3 /

tf jScEotflb IL^I&SSS
A
13

O^D 55*si^^& c^oeeo ^esco r

,
^^^^SSaeoWtip
^5o5>w*-'C>
s
w alve-
\ a
y v JT

olar
affricates) s^oSSg fisas^osSg ^ '^^^ OJ
) (Blade alveo-
lar > SsSCfsSb:^' %*&
affricates) (^allo phones) \

(phonemes) ss^. ^eS7|^co (Front vowels si

(non-front or
Back vowels <^, 6ft, e-L^s)
^S
S
^S^'tfcSso (complementary distribution^;

"Seoc^cS
A

John Beams, A
comparative grammar of the Modem
Aryan Languages of India London 1872. Vol. I Intro*
duction? p. 72; Rt. Rev* Dr. Robert Caldwell, A com
parative Grammar of the Dravidian or South Indian
Family of Languages, Trubner & Co? London 5 Second
Edition, I875 5 p. 25; Sir George A Grierson 5 Lingustie
Survey of India s Calcutta, 1905, "Vol VII, Introductions
p. 22; R. V. Jahagirdar ? Kanerese Influence on old Ma
rathi with special, reference to Jnaneswari* Annals of
the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol XL
pp 374-397; Dr. C. Narayana Rao of Telugu 5 History
Language, A-U, Publication, Waltair 1937, Vol I pp. 195
188; &of5, S^e^^c?^^^^). (sd*^ sSteo 82, 63.
 14

(releas

f = 7^
(-
5),
f a

)S5xer / -

eo A

3955,
4, 46. 150;

62.
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dofetfo SoS

gtfo- gb&^
.
40), (:&. HO), (^ 172)

217).
1ro (S. 7iO)>
ejatf

rrf (53- 3G9)

So siS&
(3. 318)

_ lcoc?ii s-tf&D&oS cS^D

f

.
637)

*sSS8oOS
(entry
818

words)
* 5$&>tfb
*-
S^S^tf&v
W s?*!5
tf
3 2D

fS^ <3fcotfSJ&).
$$
/main entry words) >ca; ^s^cr^Sboj (sub-entry words)
6 3r* 6* 32x0 ^c^S^j

(Variants)
^o^^'J1 .^^

''
f Etymological Index)

; C^P, e^Se^ !6
^
(Candy 83).

2.
(
gji

e-^tfjjd (c-g.
1
^^, 107)

.
1946, |j$f33, ^).
99)

Major Thomas Candy & Captain Molesworttu A Dictio-

nary English-Marathi, second edition, Poooa, 1873.
 817

3 . 43V
CO /

4. <y&p& : s?0^o a,^ ^to (&vS

\ E8
62
/

ea/

5 e&r- : wfo tf &o^5 62V

18ilff*

18 \
B. Dhavale ^. 220
/

6.

^, 95 /
.
es

7.

.
95\
^

17. Dr. Bh. Krishna Murti^ Telugu Verbal Bases : A com-

parative and Descriptive study. University of Califor-
nia Publications in Linguistics, Vol XXIV, University
of California Press 5 Berkely* p. 279*

18* Keshava Bhikaji Dhavale, Students' Modern'lDictionary

English and Marathi, Karnatak House, Bombay, 1954.
 ,<.
18 spjirs? flips'

19.
Q '
\-
SJ*

S^cxoo,
n
, a. 107).

8 *#fcck : & &*tfft>3c *^c Q

"ejS<2bO"
A
20 160

8. Lz?>* : &Zcgx>. "Sco^O)- Ibfcoto fgco^6 9 si, 119

63 \ 3

(alphabet)
So s?^^ "1ie5S 5

3-34)
.

'

3.110),

10. . .

, $j,
120).

a. s&. 120.
ss

1L
^ . 128
x

19.

b ^
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 1
o* Iff a
u

.
las,

\ *

<"8 stf

13

5.133V
/

. 194

14. . 123
(candy
162.)

15,
3

195)

16. s& : rsJtf. snJA.

ociSbc^^ d& 3*, i

A' 22, e^. I, So. 14; e\ 16-77)

(Olsaofib

21,
1085.

4,6
22.
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o
s-sa
1
s 6V
/
cu

? : tfp. s&, 205

(Candy, j,

,
2.63); 1255);
e 9G5;

e-^^c,
I860)

(candy; 205)

18 fir*, "s
{
0_ \

xi
iCL25) (candy, 286)

2
 12 j

So.
118).

19.
I85

20.
s&
187).

21. ^osS :

sSotf.
(So. '4J.25),
*
7.7V

CO

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5^H7)
ro
S"*od

^^^^^

277.)7
Q 3

H-218)

22

r*i]
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15.547). (sc),

\ 3

(aspiration)
ex.

?j
Linguistic Peculiarities of Jnaneswari Deccan College
5

Dissertation Series 13, Samarth Bharat Press, Poona, 1953,

^5 45.
46)

23. ^3* s^o^ /co^5

w fibotf;
O \ 3
si 219V
/

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24.
3
sjj. 236)/

sjj.
236)

25,

3,

267)
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6.

. S3).
283)

27 a ? ^.
288y

* (

i -

L.

421)
1
^OD^-JdSi ^
=
'&'( tumbler)

^^ ^- 270
(Candy p. 866), (^^^-
28.

23 s'.
;
15.272)

c*bD Prof. S- G. Tulpule, An Old

&o>^1 (vide
:

Prakashan, Poona, i960. p. 2Q2,}

Marathi Reader. Venus
.

28.
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29. ff*$ 5, 3. 278.)

,

0-^ :
g^tfS&>; (co

30.
ro _o '
co
; ^. 284)

CO

7
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31. ^dj : rtf&&> fes5od6 fCandy

J ^ 139-
SO \ '
3

Sfc.
285).

eo

5
'cheroot ^>
co eo

32. ^C<^P : 5J 8
. ^C^P, c^o 5 Dod; od d&*& (candy

11-580);

. So to> = o^: ^bocSSr^. ^O&D _ c? tf s o o a.

24,

tf^tffiSO ^^dSpdSbco, ^S. tf. 1800.

 325

289;
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204,

(candy. s&.
753).

33. atf&.
cr:S(sr)
:
SSgSSa (*. 7J26);
osSs\ crasser, os5o* - ^rfs&S

(candy.
.

477)
o^

26

(vide.
^. 208).

/ =

O 3

26.

Cp -.._

. 1350-.

27, Sir. R. L. Turner, A Comparative and Etymological

Dictionary of Nepali Language. London, 193U F- 318-
suggests borrowing from an aboriginal language.

28. Prof. T. Burrow and Prof. M- B. Emeneau. A Dravi-

dian Etymological Dictionary, Oxford University Press,-
London 1961, Entry No. 3gl.
 84. e*& : ^<S a^sfc, Sljtf&o (g*. 5_107, 6.2, 18.

423);

<*.
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CD eo e sSaboac38bD ^Q^5 . ^ 372-

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5 sS). 209.

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(candy, ;
460)

SO. *o-tf Dravidian Cognates, Madras Univer

o-^^^g^ 5

sity Telugu Series No. 11. Madras, 1944- P. 111.

 327

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c&r>c r^6"!i d& fib a 2-477)
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*
Dr. Mahadeva sastry, Historical grammar of Telugu*
Page-66.
 8

"a a U9\

\p*bS*i?$&
CJ O f^ 3

^
O

C">
-''-'- "* -" '
QJ

S.

Overco

rrection Hyper-urbanisam

-
(Hyper Form or super standardised

form)
*
Mario A. Pei, Dictionary of Linguistics, P. 94
334

fc

eo

cSfi&ooO.*

2)

a'oJ**sS. tftfeao
 f tfr^Sbeo 335

la*

A ,
\X*-"* ^ ?V.

1.

co

"|SSs&SS' 1^ 003
L v

A
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. cr.F-3
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S)

63 Cj)

o u/

(J)

.
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30^/

o
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(cognate words)
c&c&& $& s*c5cp&.

3. "itfb, lo^) < "B^t lo^. 'aoffca 8o3cSsSbo>

S&. 'A
scr)
^08^2X3 ^^08^3^^^(^^SSpS^ "^08330

s?g, ^dp, ^p.

crcr)

ocrcr^

. 5, So.

378)

This is a clear case of hyper standardisation in Telugu

by introducing an r in the form (Dr. Bh Krishna-

murthh Telugu Verbal Bases P. 399).

{*]
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CO

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