Optimal Synthesis Of Water Networks Based On

Properties Considering Growing Demand Projections

Sotelo-Pichardo César1, Ponce-Ortega José M.1, Serna-González Medardo1, El-Halwagi Mahmoud M.2
1Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58060,
2Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, 77843.

Summary Model Case of study

Process industry has waste streams from incomplete The model is based on disjunction programming
Table 1. Flowrates in sources and annualization factors.
reactions or imperfect separations. Also, the and reformulated with convex hull, can be applied t
processes demand a great amount of raw material in to any process. Figure 1 shown the superstructure of Wi 1 2 3 4
every process unit. A strategy to decrease consume the problem. 1 100 200 400 500
of raw material while as well reduce waste 2 200 300 400 600
generated is the synthesis of networks based on Wi,t   wi1, j ,t   wi2,u ,t , i  NSOURCES , t  NTIME 3 150 300 400 500
jNSINKS uNTREAT k 1 0.8 0.7 0.5
mass integration. For this problem has been
proposed many strategies, however an interesting Fr ,t  
jNSINKS
f r , j ,t , r  NFRESH , t  NTIME
j  waste
Table 2. Constrains of flowrate in sinks.
situation is considerate that environmental t
constrains changes on time and become stricter f r , j ,t  0, r  NFRESH , j  NSINKS , j  waste, t  NTIME Gminj 1 2 3 4
even as the demand of products increases. Until this 1 200 300 600 900
2 300 500 600 700
moment not exist a strategy to mass integration H u ,t  
iNSOURCE
wi2,u ,t  
u 'NTREAT
hu2´,u ,t , u  NTREAT , t  NTIME
3 0 0 0 0
synthesis to allow considerate the retrofit of the u ' u
Gmaxj
process needed to take in account the changes in H u ,t uin,t , p   wi2,u ,t i ,t , p   hu2´,u ,t uout',t , p , u  NTREAT , p  NCOMP, t  NTIME 1 200 300 600 900
product demand and changes in constrains. iNSOURCE u 'NTREAT
u ' u 2 300 500 600 700
3 450 800 1200 1600
H u ,t  
jNSINKS
hu1, j ,t  
u 'NTREAT
hu2,u´,t , u  NTREAT , t  NTIME
u ' u
Results
Motivation h2uu 't  0, u, u '  NTREAT , u  u ', t  NTIME

Some works have addressed one of the two points  uout,t , p  Efu ,t , p uin,t , p , u  NTREAT , p  NPROP, t  NTIME Fresh r
but no both aspects at the same time. For synthesis Sources i
Sinks j

of mass integration Takama et al. (1980), Quesada y G j ,t  

rNFRESH
f r , j ,t  
iNSOURCE
wi1, j ,t  
uNTREAT
hu1, j ,t , j  NSINKS , t  NTIME

Grossmann (1995), Ponce-Ortega et al. (2012) and G j ,t j ,t , p   f r , j ,t r ,t , p   wi1, j ,t i ,t , p   hu1, j ,t uout
,t , p
on the other side on retrofit is Fraser y Hallale rNFRESH iNSOURCE uNTREAT

j  NSINKS , p  NPROP, t  NTIME

(2000), Alfadala et al. (2001), Sotelo-Pichardo et al.
G min  G  G j ,t , j  NSINKS , t  NTIME
max
(2011). Therefore the importance of this work is the j ,t j ,t

consideration of both aspects for a synthesis of  min

j ,t , p   j ,t , p   j ,t , p , j  NSINKS , p  NPROP, t  NTIME
max Waste

water networks considering growing demand Mixer Splitter

 Yu ,t    Yu ,t 
projections.    
 H u ,t   H
  u ,t  0  Figure 2. Result of worst case (WC).
 H uuse,t  H u ,t´t´ t  Cost  0
   u ,t 
 
,t , p  Ef u ,t ´, p t´ t
Efuuse
 
 YuA,t1  YuA,t2  Fresh r

 
Sinks j
  Sources i

 H u ,t  
use
  H u ,t  0
use

Problem Statement 
 Cost u ,t  Costa u ,t  Costm u ,t
 
    H u ,t  H u max 

   
The design of the synthesis of a water network   Y B1
u ,t

    Ef u ,t , p  Ef ins
u, p 
 
B2
 Y
  use
 
u ,t
  Cost  K [CF I  CV I H ] 
where treatment units can be installed from the start 

H u ,t H u ,t
   H use
 H    u ,t Ft u u u ,t  

  max

u , t u , t
 
of the life of process sized to allow satisfy needs of   H H  
Costau ,t  0  
u ,t u

  Costau ,t  K Ft [CFu  CVu ( H u ,t  H u ,t )] use 


A A

the plant through the time and permitting the   

  Yu ,tC1
   Waste

increase of the production. This need is satisfied  

Efu ,t , p  Efu ,t , p
  C2
Yu ,t   
      
use
Mixer
t=1 t=3
treating the waste streams, the model establish the   
  u ,t , p
Ef  Ef u ,t , p  
use

  Efu ,t , p  Efu ,t , p Meu , p
use
  Costm  0   
t=2 t=4
Splitter

size and performance of the treatment units also if     u , t   

Costm  K [ CF M
 CV M
H ]
   u ,t Ft u u u ,t    Figure 3. Result of model.
this will increase his size and improve his u  NTREAT , t  T
performance. All the pipes are considerate in the
Table 3. Total Cost.
model news or used before, all of it caring  Y pip
i , j ,t
 Y , pip
i , j ,t
    Concept Cost Cost WC
economic and environmental aspects.  wi , j ,t  
1
  wi , j ,t  0 
1
Fresh sources $ 144000.00 0.00
   
 Costtubi , j ,t  0 
wi , j ,t  wi , j ,t´t´ t
1,use 1 Installation Treatment Units $ 145551.58 82342.00

  Operation Treatment Units $ 242097.48 501869.52
  
D1 D2
Yi , j ,t Yi , j ,t Piping (installation and Operation) $ 151838.46 267509.84
  w1,use     wi , j ,t  0

Total Cost $ 683487.52 851721.36
   
1,use
i , j ,t

  w1  w1,max     w1  w1,max  
  i , j ,t i , j ,t   i , j ,t i , j ,t 
 Costtubi , j ,t  0  Costtubi , j ,t  K Ft CTi , j   Table 3 shows the total cost after 16 years
Fresh r   
Sourcesi
Sinks j
considered in the process, it can be seen that despite
i  NSOURCE , t  NTIME , j  NSINKS
using only fresh supplies for a period you have a
Costr  HY  YRt Costor Fr ,t , r  NFRESH large cost for the same, the model yields 19.75% in
tNTIME
savings compared to the worst case scenario.
Costou  HY
tNTIME
 YRt COu H u ,t , u  NTREAT
Conclusion
Treatment
units u
Costopip  
iNSOURCE jNSINK
 Costopipi , j  
iNSOURCE uNTREAT
 Costopipi ,u  The results indicate that is possible the projection of
a process from his synthesis accounting a increase

rNFRESH jNSINK
 Costopipr , j  
u 'NTREAT uNTREAT
 Costopipu ',u  
uNTREAT jNSINK
 Costopipu , j
in production and a change in environmental
Waste

.
.
.
constrains become this stricter and generate low
.
.
NSOURCE
mixer Splitter
For t from 1 to
NTIME
.
NSINK amount of waste. Besides the model not generate
Figure 1. Superstructure of problem. Objective function numerical problems.

min TAC  
rNFRESH
Costr  
uNTREAT
Costou  
tNTIME uNTREAT
 Costu ,t  Costopip Reference
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