1. Language should be standardized because we need a standard to avoid misunderstanding.

The primary function off standardizing a language emphasize to the desirability of uniformity and
correctness in language use, the primacy of writing and the very idea of a national language as
the only legitimate of the speech community. This will be kind of uniqueness of a country.
For examples English has standard language American and British, Indonesian has standard
language Bahasa Indonesia, Javanese has standard language Yogyakarta and Solo.

2. I think it just because their habit that often use that kind of language and they comfort to be like
that, so they claimed Singlish or Indian is better than any other English as the native language of
Singaporean or Indian. I agree that each nation has its own right to establish its own English but
we still have to know the real right from native English.

3. Grince’s maxim
a) The maxim of quantity, where one tries to be as informative as one possibly can, and gives
as much information as is needed, and no more. demands the speaker’s contribution
informative as is required and no more informative than is required. Below are the
examples of an utterance that obeys the maxim of quantity and one that violates the
maxim!

Example of obeying:
A: “Where are you going?”
B: “I’m going to the post office.”
In the example, B gives comments to A’s statement without adding other information
Example of disobeying / violation:
A: “Are you going to work tomorrow?”
B: “I am on jury duty, but I’ll have to go to the doctor in the evening. I have asked the
manager for permission”
In this example, B’s reply violates maxim of quantity because B does not give information
as required by A, i.e. yes or no. Instead, B gives more information which is not required
or expected at all.
b) The maxim of quality, where one tries to be truthful, and does not give information that
is false or that is not supported by evidence. requires the speaker not to say what is
believed to be false and for which the speaker lacks adequate evidence. Below are the
examples of the utterance that obeys the maxim of quality and that one violates the
maxim!

Example of obeying:
A: “Why did you come late last night?”
B: “The car was broken down”
In t he example, B gives the truth that his car was broken down so that he came late.
Example of disobeying / violation:
A: “The Teheran’s in Turkey, isn’t teacher?”
B: “And London’s in America I suppose.”
In the example, B’s reply is supposed to suggest that A is incorrect and B violates the
maxim of quality
 c) The maxim of relation, where one tries to be relevant, and says things that are pertinent
to the discussion. required the speaker to be relevant. Below are the examples of
utterance that obeys the maxim of relevance and that one violates the maxim!

Example of obeying:
A: “Where is my box of chocolates?”
B: “It is in your room.”
In the example, B’s reply relates to the question, not talking about something else.
Example of disobeying / violation
A: “Where’s my box of chocolates?”
B: “I don’t know mine either.”
In the example B’s answer is not relevant to A’s question. B says something else which is
not about A’s problem at all.
d) The maxim of manner, when one tries to be as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can
in what one says, and where one avoids obscurity and ambiguity. requires the speaker to
avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity. Maxim of manner demands the speaker to
be brief and orderly. Below are the examples of utterance that obeys the maxim of
manner and that one violates the maxim!

Example of obeying:
A: Where was Alfred yesterday?
B: Alfred went to the store and bought some whiskey.
In the example, B’s answer obeys the manner maxim: be orderly, because she gives a clear
explanation where A was.
Example of disobeying / violation:
A: Why was he arrested?
B: He stole the money from the bank.
In the example B’s statement is ambiguous. It can be interpreted that B didn’t steal the
money which is stored in he bank. He had gone the bank first and he stole the money in
another place. Another interpretation is that he stole the money stored in the bank. He
got the money by robbing the bank.

4. Yes of course, I think Indonesia, Korean, Japanese, Mandarin may take over English as an
International language in Indonesia, because time is changing, everything is possible and we can’t
predict what will happen in the future.

5. Because sociolinguistics as ‘the study of language in relation to society’, implying (See our
tentative opinion above) that sociolinguistics is part of the study of language. Thus, sociolinguistics
puts an emphasis on how language naturally operates in society. Conversely, when the focus is
on how society is reflected in the use of language, we are particularly dealing with the sociology
of language. we need to place sociolinguistics in its proper place in the students’ repertoires in
response to how a language is socially acceptable. As an example, you may be able to speak like
Prince Williams; but if you use your Williams-like English to cash a check in a bank, you may be
considered ‘ineffective’ since cashing a check only employs necessary language functions
necessary to cash a check, not to speak English like Prince Williams. In other words, you do not
have to speak English like Prince Williams in order to cash a check. Therefore, it is relevant to
study sociolinguistics in the position of becoming a good language teacher. With considerable
knowledge of sociolinguistics, a language teacher can design the teaching materials tailored to
the needs of the students in special social environments. Better still, he or she can device a wide
range of genres in line with possible discursive practices that the students will encounter later in
real situations. Language teaching, nowadays, is not limited to teaching the structure of the
language and the lexical items. Rather, it aims to facilitate the students with discourse
competence which consists of several supporting competencies working systematically as a
unified whole.