MEETING-3

PART OF SPEECH (WORDS)

There are eight parts of speech in English language:
1. A Noun / kata benda
2. A Pronoun / kata ganti
3. A Verb / kata kerja
4. An Adverb / kata keterangan
5. An Adjective / kata sifat
6. A Preposition / kata penghubung, kata depan
7. A Conjunction / kata sambung
8. An Interjection /kata seru

A. NOUN
A noun is a word used as the name of anything-a person, an animal, an object, a situation, a
place, a quality or an idea. Divided into six kinds:
Proper Common Material Collective Abstract Possessive
Name, place, One thing in The matter or The group of Some quality, Something
or particular particular but substance of Collection of state, or that belongs
Kinds

names which common to which things multitude action apart to person or

begun with any number are made taken as one from any is part of him
capital letter of the same complete particular or her
kind whole instances
Zainab listen Take your The ring Those are Islam is my Hani’s hand
Examples

to the radio book please! made of gold navy choice

Islam is my The students The fish lives The class Sunday is Afif’s book
religion read a lesson in water have to study pleasure day
well
Zainab: name Book: not Gold: matter Navy, class: Choice: Hani’s,
of person, English book that is made a group action, Afif’s:
Notes

Islam: name or red book, ring, water: pleasure: state something

of Religion Lesson: not place the fish belong to
biology or lives in them
English
B. PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word used as a substitute for a noun. Divided into seven kinds:
Emphatic
Interro-
Personal possessive Demonstrative Relative Indefinite &
gative
Reflexive
Kinds

The person To show Point back To connect To ask Refer very (Subject)&
speaking – the some nouns two word question generally R (Object)
be the Possession going before (which,that (who,wh to person/ after verb
subject or (this,that,these,t , om, Things work hard
the object hose) Whose) Whose)
 She is a the black this is math and I like a who gave I don’t see The
kind lady pen is that is reading person who you this anybody in Leader
mine book is diligent letter class himself
wrote a
Examples
song
He gave me The Those books are Something Whose Some The
a present school is mine and these that I don’t is this people musicians
ours pens are yours like is to lie drawing peoples themselves
book like act very ell
singing

Of persons and things Of quantity

Indefinite

Someone, Somebody, Something A lot (of), all, another, any, both,

Anyone, Anybody, Anything, no each, either, neither, few, least,
one, nobody, nothing, everyone, less, little, many, more, much,
everybody, everything other (s), several, some, none
Personal Emphatic &
PERSON Possessive
S O Reflexive
1st singular I me Mine Myself
2nd singular You You Yours Yourself
3rd singular - masculine He Him His Himself
- feminine She her Hers Herself
- neuter It It Its Itself
st
1 plural We Us Ours Ourselves
nd
2 plural You You Yours Yourselves
3rd plural They them theirs Themselves

C. VERB
A verb is a word that tells of an action or state of being and the time of when it is
Linking Action Transitive Intransitive
Connection between Subject & Tell of Have Direct Do not have
Kinds

Predicate (is,am,are,was,were,been), action object direct

express the state of the subject
(seem,appear,remain,
grow,become,get,feel,look,taste,smell)
Irfan had a I read I travel to
Example

I am a farmer
good idea newspaper Bali
Budi felt the He drinks She runs
The melon feels ripe
grape coffee slowly
 D. ADJECTIVES
An adjective is a word that qualifies a noun or pronoun by describing it
Of Of Number/ Demonstra- Interrog Possess
Proper Distributive
Quality Quantity tive ative -ive
Formed Show Show how many Refers to A word that Used to To
from of what thing are there Individually shows what ask show
Kinds

proper state in what numeral to all thing is question the

noun, the order, divided members of a meant possess-
Always person / into two: group (this,that,the ion
Capitalized thing is Definite and (every,each, se,those)
….. Indefinite *) either,
neither)
Indonesian Agus is Definite: two Every people I like this what time this is
language a pens(cardinal), have to study book is it now? my pen
diligent The fourth
Example

boy book(ordinal)
The He is a Indefinite: some Neither We study Which They
Atlantic poor book are good statement is that lesson language ride
Coast man true do you their
speak? bikes
*)
 Definite: shows exact number - ordinal: indicate order in particular
(first, second, third, fourth, etc.)
- cardinal: used in counting/ showing how many
(one, two, three, four, etc.)
 Indefinite: shows number of some kinds (all, many, some, any, much, whole, several, no,
few, little, etc.)

Adjective in comparison:
1. the positive : denotes the simple degrees
- I have a beautiful rabbit - I buy an expensive car
2. the comparative : denotes a higher degree
- Bagus has a more beautiful horse - Fadilah buys a more expensive car
3. the superlative : denotes the highest degree
- Fahmi has the most beautiful horse - Ahmad buys the most expensive car

E. ADVERB
An adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb, and adjective, or another adverb, used to
tell time (when), reason (why), manner (how), frequency (how often), degree (how much), place
(where)

- They will leave soon (time) - Therefore, he must study (reason)

- She always late (frequency) - I’ll be there (place)
- He was quite satisfied (degree) - The boys played football well (manner)
FORMING ADVERB
Many adverb are formed from adjective with the suffix “ly”

Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb

Busy Busily Great Greatly
Happy Happily Soft Softly
Slow Slowly Quiet Quietly

Adverb in comparison
a. one-syllable = “-er” and “-est” added to positive form
positive Comparative superlative
Fast Faster Fastest
Hard Harder Hardest
low lower lowest

b. two or more syllables = “more” and “most” before positive

positive Comparative superlative
Impatiently More Impatiently most Impatiently
Excitedly more Excitedly most Excitedly
Silently more Silently most Silently

c. irregular comparison
positive Comparative superlative
Well Better Best
Little Less/lesser Least
Badly worse Worst

F. PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word placed before noun or pronoun to show its relationship to same other
words in a sentence
List of preposition:
Of, in, on, at, for, to, into, up, with, from, by, after, before, till, until, across, against, near, below,
behind, beneath, over, above, about, through, between, inside, outside, under, upon, etc.

Example:
a. we will meet at four o’clock
b. please submit your assignment by Tuesday
c. he fainted from exhaustion
d. I cut cloth with scissor

G. INTERJECTION
An interjection is an exclamatory word or phrase to express a sudden feeling of mind or emotion

Example:
a. Oh my God, protect me!
b. Well, you have to go now!
c. Oh, look at the time!
d. Hurrah! We have won!
H. CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction is a word used to connect one word to another word, or one sentence to another
sentence
a. Coordinating conjunction: join words or groups of words of equal importance
(and, but, or)
Example:
- He is tired and wants to rest
- She is smart girl but lazy
- You can choose the pencil or the book
b. Subordinating conjunction: join one important element to another of lesser importance
(because, if, since, when, where, as, as if, before, after, although, unless, that)
Example:
- the English course ended before it was time for lunch
- please, stay here until I come back
- we did our homework after we had had dinner
c. correlatives: usually used on pair
(Both …. and, either …. or, neither …. nor, not only …. but also)
Example:
- Both tom and Jane are students in this school
- He is not only stupid but also lazy
- Neither jimmy nor fandi comes here on time

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Exercise-1
Find out ‘pronoun, verb, and adjective’ from the article below!

The Year

There are four season in a year: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. March, April and
May are in spring; June, July and August are in summer; September, October and November are
the autumn months and winter contains the months of December, January and February. Tell me
in which season we are now. Which season comes before winter? Which season follows spring?
Which month comes after July? Which month precedes December?.
The year begins on the 1st of January and ends on the 31st of December. If you want to
see which day of the week or which day of the month it is, you look at a calendar.
We work six days a week; one day each a week, on Sunday, we do not work because it is
a day of rest. During the year, besides Sundays, we have other days of rest which are called
holidays. Good Friday, Easter Monday, Idul fitri in Islam, etc. New year’s Day is not a holiday in
England, but it is one in Scotland.
We all like the holiday we take every year in summer during July or August, because we
can go to the country or the sea-side and have a rest away from our usual work. Some people
cannot have their yearly holidays in summer and are obliged to take them in winter, so they go to
the mountains for winter sports.
During Easter, which is in spring, the schools and most of the business houses are closed
from Good Friday till (until) Tuesday. It makes a long week-end for us to go into the country,
away from the cities.
Exercise-2

Read the following sentences and decide the word in the bracket belongs to the specified part
of speech.

1. I bought an (expensive) book at the mall.

a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Noun
d. Conjunction
2. What did he (tell) you about me?
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Noun
d. Conjunction
3. I put my shoes (between) my sister’s and my brother’s in the garage.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Conjunction
4. If we run this program (well), we can get extra bonus from our boss.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb
5. On Sundays, I (swim) from six to eleven in the morning.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb
6. I will go to one of beautiful (islands) in Indonesia this month.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Noun
7. I haven’t finished my project (because) I am very busy.
a. Conjunction
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb
8. I don’t (believe) him because he has lied to me for many times.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Conjunction
d. Adverb
9. Tara cooked (chicken) soup, but that was not delicious.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Noun
d. Adverb
10. After (taking) a bath, let’s go to the campus.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Noun
11. I like (playing) jazz music.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Noun
d. Adverb
12. (Dita) is an amazing English teacher at school.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Noun
13. The dog (keeps) running with the other dogs.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb
14. She brought (her) old car to the garage.
a. Pronoun
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb
15. She drives very (carefully) because she has a traumatic car accident.
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb

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