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CHAPTER 1
Rationale
Food could sometimes be a form of pleasure for people, eating good food is almost as
pleasurable as doing things that make you satisfied and make you feel good. We eat
food everyday based on our food preference. According to Healthy Living there is a
great need to understanding the factors as how we determine our food preferences.
Alber Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (Oti, 2018) states that there are factors,mainly
However, for the past couple of years, it has been statistically recroded that children
have now hasty choices in the food products they prefer (Deandrick, 2017). Due to the
busy schedules of college students, they have enjoyed take aways and meal-
replacement bars and has made it a part of their day to day diet. This also includes the
consumption of intant food and beverages to keep up with their tight schedules. The
issue of not have enough time for everything is the main culprit of these bad eating
On a study conducted in the University of Oregon in 2011, it even showed that women
nowadays have lower fiber consumptions and men had eaten more fat. And because
of this, are the risk which also primarily comes form frozen preserved diiats (Marvasti,
2018). This truly shows that food choices makes a great deal of impact to the well
Children noways fall short of the minimum requirement for energy intake (Obsequio-
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NAmoco, 2016). Snack items sold in schools have left students with no choice but to
consume products and food items that lacks and even has absence of required
nutritional value. In primary schools in Cagayan de Oro, students do not give much
importance to the nutritional content of the food they buy from their canteen which adds
to the main problem of bad food preferences. Through this paper, awareness and
action plan may be made to address this issue that poses a much greater issue in the
future of theses students. This stage o human development consist of very big
changes in the physical, emotional and psychological aspects of a human being that is
both beneficial and a struggle (Cohen, 2016). Along with these changes requires good
nutrition. Conducting this study, with adolescents, therefor is really crucial and vital
because along with these is the opportunity to resolve current and future health issues.
It is a well known fact that majoy developments happen during the adolescent years of
a person. If there is no proper nutrition during these times, studies shows that it is a
We all have different food preferences depending on our way of life, occupation, age
and even Nationality, that is because we all have that native tongue that lingers on our
National food or food that is made in your own hometown. Tradition is also a factor that
affects our food preference because just like in the Philippines, it is a tradition to cook
Adobo because it is very tasty that you cannot leave your plate with a speck of rice or
any leftovers. Culture is also a factor why our food preference differs from someone.
Just like in the Philippines, rice is a staple food for every Filipino citizen.
There is also limitation, our food preferences could also be limited by our budget. It
could also be limited and depend on the season because most food taste best when in
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because some places cannot produce food that can be produced from other places,
and the reason for that is, we have different climates and geographical states. People's
food preferences is also affected by their mood, because even if that food tastes super
good but you eat it every single time, you will get sick and tired of it.
The above mentioned issues and problems pertaining to the different adverse effects
of food choices to health and well being of the people, it is hereby necessary to identify
the current factors that affects the food choices of students so as to correct it at an
This study assumes that High School students in Nissi Academy International
have different preferences in their food choices. This study is anchored by theories of
the following well-known authorities which is closely relevant to the researches study.
This study employs the Dynamics of Liking and Preference Theory by Berlyne and the
The study of Food preferences are highly complex, personal, and influenced by
important for everyone, when choosing food, students did not take health into
consideration as the most important factor, but usually pleasure and taste.
According to Berlyne (1967) this means that the attractiveness of stimuli (e.g.
Dynamics of liking and preference Theory means that food choice is dynamic
behavior that is subject to almost continuous change and that can be influenced at very
different levels. It varies not only from person to person and from situation to situation,
but is also dependent on the type of food product. Preferences for staple foods, such
as rice, cassava, bread or potatoes tend to remain quite stable in individuals belonging
to a given culture, although even these preferences have become more variable due to
the increase in travelling and the spreading of the major cuisines over the world.
Liking for other food (vegetables, meats, bakery products, etc.) and condiments
or spices not only varies much more between individuals, but also over the lifetime of
each individual and varies depending on the eating situation and the frequency of the
through mere exposure’ (Zajonc, 1968; Pliner, 1982) on the one hand and product
boredom or slowly rising aversion on the other are well known. Underestimating the
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varied and dynamic nature of food preference and food choice behavior is seen as one
of the main causes of the many failures in introducing new food products in the market.
In this research, it is evident that food choice and food preference is a usual
course for the High school students who need to be educated in food preferences. As
Most market and consumer research techniques are based on the implicit (and
false) assumption that people do not change their preferences. Their result are like
photographic stills that fixate the liking, preference or attitude of a subject for a food at
Models of food choice must therefore incorporate insight in the role and relative
importance of the different learning, motivational and situational factors that determine
choice behavior and finding effective ways of predicting and influencing it. It involves
knowledge from a range of theories that are involved in perception, learning and
foods. Fast foods are not that healthy in our body because it has a lot of calories,
sodium, and unhealthy fat. It tends to be low in nutrients and almost totally lacking in
fruits, vegetables, and fiber. The last approach is sociocultural, with explanations
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concentrating on the cultural and environmental factors that make food choices more
likely. Food choice cannot be fully understood without the consideration of individual
characteristics (Köster & Mojet, 2006). Income is one of the main socio-demographic
variables that influence how people perceive and choose foods (Hough & Sosa, 2015).
Selecting food is a dynamic process (Köster & Mojet, 2007) which often entails a
consideration of price, taste, nutritional value and other factors, and involves a
complicated decision-making process (Finkelstein & Fishbach, 2010; Sanlier & Seren
foods in the marketplace are making the consumer's selection and purchasing
decisions very challenging (Lahti-Koski, Helakorpi, Olli, Vartiainen, & Puska, 2012).
Food choice is also subject to changes over the life span of High school students.
Dynamics of liking and preference are basically explaining the study on how
they should prefer things such as choosing what you want. This theory explains on the
concerns people’s psychological needs. It explains this theory that motivation behind
choices people make without influencing them and with interference. This theory is
eating, it turns out about the disordered eating behaviors and attitudes and their
understand the eating behavior, from eating disorders to weight control, is a promising
area of research.
general motivation, regulation of eating behaviors, and eating behaviors and attitudes,
was significant. Results are coherent with the Self-determination Theory and add to
past research by suggesting that basic psychological needs satisfaction might be a key
regulation of eating behaviors and less disorder eating behaviors and attitude are
should they satisfy with their disorder on eating regulation and it needs motivation
According to Social psychology (Verstuyf & Vanssteenkiste) that there are many
theories and models in the eating regulation literature have address either disordered
a. Subject profile
b. Food characteristics
c. Availability
a. Snacks
b. Lunch
c. Beverages
3. Based on the responses, what viable canteen menu management program can
be proposed?
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This study aimed to determine the status of the school canteen, particularly
identifying the aspects in the operation that should be improved. Likewise, it was the
objective of this study to evaluate the difficulties encountered by the Senior High
student’s as to the kind of service that they received. Moreover, the research attempted
to provide the most appropriate and effective ways in hiring managers who will oversee
all matter pertaining to school canteen supervision. Finally, this research may provide
members of the cooperative, so that they improve efficiency and offer delicious yet
affordable food.
The result of the study will also make a management realize the need to
objectively solve the problems encountered in the canteen operations. The finding may
also serve as guide for canteen managers in the planning, preparation and
implementation of their new programs. The study will provide some insights and
information on how they will manage the canteen for the benefit of the customers such
as the Teacher’s and the Student’s who the main clients who must be served are and
is satisfied.
The proposed study will benefits and help the future researcher as their guide.
The study can also open in development of this study. The ideas presented may be
used as reference data in conducting new research or in testing the validity of other
related findings. This study also serves as their cross-reference that will give them a
background or an overview.
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The study of the researchers will have a positive effect on both the canteen and
the students of Nissi Academy high school students for the canteen will have an insight
on what food they should sell and the students will be able to choose from a variety of
foods that they like as well. The researchers conducted a survey to a total of 90
started their research on September 25, 2019 and expect to end it on October 15,
2019. The researchers decided to choose the high school students of Nissi as their
respondents because or for-----. The researchers limit this research to the High School
level from Grade 7 to Grade 12. The questionnaires were distributed to High School
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of this study, several relevant terms are defined as
follows:
(http://www.yourdictionary.com)
(http://www.yourdictionary.com)
Food - any substance taken into and assimilated by a plant or animal to keep it
(http://www.yourdictionary.com)
energy.
(http://www.yourdictionary.com)
(http://www.yourdictionary.com)
(http://www.yourdictionary.com)
CHAPTER 2
This chapter reviews related literature and studies which serves as frame of reference
Conceptual Framework
This study determined the factors that affect the food preferences of Nissi Academy’s
High School students in terms of . It was also conducted to determine what actions can
IMPROVE
PROPOSED
TO IMPROVE
SUBJECT PROFILE
ACADEMY INTERNATIONAL
This chapter shows the methods and techniques of the study, the population
and samples the data gathering procedure, and also the statistical treatment of the
data.
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Research locale
basbas, Lapu-Lapu City. The researchers gathered the data from the Nissi Academy
High school campus. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect food preference
on High school students. Figure 3 shows the map of Nissi Academy International
School.
Research Design
descriptive, correlation, and survey methods are used in this study. The study is
Descriptive because its main concern is to suggest about food preference on the
school canteen. This study is also a type of Correlation, because it invovles the
respondents to suggest and the researcher to suggest and to choose about food
preference. This study is also using survey methods because it is a need to know the
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suggestion of High school students about their food preference and to ask questions to
The flow of this study is focused on the factors that can affect food preference
Figure 2 shows the factors that can affect food preference on High school
students in Nissi Academy while the process contains the interpretation of data, and
data gathering. The output contains the analysis of the factors that can affect food
preference on High school students in NIssi Academy campus. The output of this study
is to know the factors that can affect food preference on High school students in Nissi
• Food Suggestions
INPUT • Food Preferences
• Data Gathering
PROCESS • Interpretation of Data
Methodology
The survey method was used in this study because it is well suited in answering
the research questions appropriately and adequately. The strength of the survey
(Researchgate, 2017). Also, the survey method was used because it produces reliable
2019).
The researcher use descriptive design and gathered information through the use
computed mean, the following obituary points were used based on the likert scale:
The study focused on the food preferences of the High School Students’ Food
Preferences. Specifically, it focused on the factors that affect their choice of meal
Random sampling technique is the main mode of data collection for the study. In
every grade level, there are a total of 60 students. The researchers chose to conduct
the research on the 25% of the population in each grade level having a representative
Sample
The subject of the study was taken among Senior High School Students of
360 students of Grade 7 to 12. The respondents consists of n15 respondents per grade
level.
Sampling Design
To assure the validity and reliability of the result of the study, the researcher
made use of the random sampling technique where in the students were randomly
Statistical Treatment
After the questionnaires were retrieved, the data gathered were tallied, tabulated
and interpreted using the formula of the mean and were percentage.
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∑ 𝑤𝑣 𝑓
𝑤𝑚 = % = 𝑁 (100)
𝑛
This chapter presents the data gathered in the study. It is concerned with the
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered from the High School
students of Nissi Academy International. The findings from the research instruments
were presented in the tables to make the analysis clearer and more illustrative.
TABLE 1
Daily allowance of students
N=90
Gr 7 Gr 8 Gr 9 Gr 10 Gr 11 Gr 12 Total %
Below P25.00 0 5 2 1 0 0 8 8.89
P25.00 – P49.00 1 4 4 7 2 6 24 26.67
P50.00 – P74.00 10 4 6 5 4 5 34 37.78
P75.00 – P100.00 4 2 2 2 6 2 18 20
Above P100.00 0 0 1 0 3 2 6 6.67
Total 15 15 15 15 15 15 90 100%
The table above shows that the usual allowance of the high school students of Nissi.
The highest percentage is 50-74 (37.78%) followed by 25-49 (26.67%) then 75-100
(20%) next is below 25 (8.89%) then lastly with the lowest percentage is above 100
(6.67%)
TABLE 2
Allowance allocated for food
N=90
Gr 7 Gr 8 Gr 9 Gr 10 Gr 11 Gr 12 Total %
Below P25.00 8 9 3 9 4 9 42 46.67
P25.00 – P49.00 6 2 6 5 8 4 31 34.44
P50.00 – P74.00 1 1 3 1 2 2 10 11.11
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The table above shows the allowance that high school students of Nissi
allocates for food. Below 25 (46.67%) with the highest percentage followed by
25-49 (34.44%) then 50-74 (11.11%) next to it is 75-100 (5.56%) then lastly with
the lowets percentage above 100 (2.22%)
TABLE 3
Does budget influence your choice of food
N=90
Gr 7 Gr 8 Gr 9 Gr 10 Gr 11 Gr 12 Total %
YES 0 6 11 13 10 8 48 53.33
NO 15 9 4 2 5 7 42 46.67
Total 15 15 15 15 15 15 90 100%
The table above shows whether budget influences the choice of food of high school
students of NIssi or not. Most students responded yes with a percentage of 53.33%
then for no a percentage of 46.67%
TABLE 4
Reason why budget on allowance for food influence food preference
N=
TABLE 5
Reason why budget on allowance for food do not influence food preference
N=
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TABLE 6
Student’s Scale Rating for their Preference on Snacks
N=
The table above shows what the high school students of Nissi would want to eat for
snacks. High school students are only interested in Tempura and Kwek-kwek for their
snacks as of the rest they are just neutral (Sandwiches, Siopao, Biscuits, Empanada,
Pancakes,)
TABLE 7
Student’s Scale Rating for their Preference on Beverages
N=
The table above shows what the high school students of Nissi would like in terms of
beverage. High school students feel neutral about coffee and sweetened juice as for
the rest such as water, softdrinks, milk, milo, gulaman they are interested in it.
TABLE 8
Student’s Scale Rating for their Preference on Lunch
N=
The table above shows what the high school students of Nissi would like for lunch.
Students are interested in vians such as ginaling, beef tapa, porkchop for the rest they
just feel neutral especially when it comes to vegetables and healthy foods. For
desserts students are interested in fruit salad and just neutral for potato salad and
vegetable salad.
Summary of Findings
a. Subject profile
b. Food characteristics
c. Availability
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a. Snacks
b. Lunch
c. Beverages
can be proposed?
Conclusions
Recommendations
Based from the conclusions drawn from the result of the study, the researchers
1. The canteen must undertake a survey to be able determine precisely what the
2. School canteen should always pose a menu plan in advance as to the food
served to provide the students information on the available food for serving
Bibliography
Appendices
Name:________________________ Gender:____
Grade:________________________ Age:____
Instruction: read the questions and answer promptly by selecting the best answer.
Put (✔) on the space provided.
1. How much is your daily allowance?
______ ₱50.00-₱74.00
______ ₱50.00-₱74.00
gualy Vegetable
Monggos salad
Chopsuey Fruit salad
Kangkong Potato
Ginataang salad
gulay