Final exam

DOROTHEA OREM
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS
-People should be self-reliant and responsible for their own care and others in their family needing care.
-People are distinct individuals.
Nursing is a form of action – interaction between two or more persons.
Self-care – practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining
life, health and well being
Theory of Nursing Systems
 Describes how the patient’s self-care
 Needs will be met by the nurse, the
 Patient, or both
Identifies 3 classifications of nursing system to meet the self care requisites of the patient:-
a. Wholly compensatory system
b. Partly compensatory system
c. Supportive – educative system
Nursing – is an art, a helping service, and a technology
METAPARADIGM
ENVIRONMENT- internal and external condition in which human being lives.
NURSING- helps provide self-care needs when patient are unable to do themselves.
HUMAN BEING- individual beneath the care of a nurse.
HEALTH- a state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and
of bodily and mentally functioning.

BETTY NEUMAN
SYSTEM MODEL
PERSON- open system work together with other parts of the
body as interact with environment.
Client system always changing
Physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual
interrelated.
HEALTH – A dynamic condition, stability of normal line of
defense.
ENVIRONMENT- can be internal, external, and created force that
interacts with a person’s state of health.
NURSING- unique profession that requires holistic approach-
consider as all factors affecting a client’s health

Dorothy Johnson
Behavioral Systems Model
Person
A behavioral system comprised of subsystems constantly trying to maintain a steady state.
Environment
-Consists of all the factors that are not part of the individual’s behavioral system but influence the
system, some of which can be manipulated by the nurse to achieve the health goal for the patient.
 Health
Balance and stability.
Perceived by Johnson as an elusive, dynamic state influenced by biological, psychological, and social
factors.

Nursing
External regulatory force that is only indicated when there is instability.

LYDIA HALL
CARE, CORE AND CURE
Care- bodily care
Core- relationship to patient
Cure- disease. Seeing the patient and family through medical care.
METAPARDIGM
INDIVIDUAL- human who is 16 older and past the acute stage of long term illness.
Individual as unique, capable of growth.

HEALTH- a state of self-awareness with conscious selection of behavior.

NURSING- identified as consisting participation in the care, core and cureaspect of patient care.

FAYE ABDELA