6

0
s (a)
00
1u
CQ

x/L

F ig u r e 6 .2 . R a f t o n s o il o f f in ite d e p th .

S
o
s
0 (b)
a0
•jj
a
4J
CQ

I Distan ce (m)
s
00 (c)
Ia F ig u r e 6 .3 . V e r tic a l d e f le c tio n a lo n g s e c tio n A -A '.
<u
CQ

SFT(N) CPTqe(Mft)

x/L

F ig u r e 6 .1 . M o m e n ts in s tr ip ra ft c a lc u la te d f o r c o n tin u u m a n d sp rin g
m o d e ls .

Piles near tunnelling operations

Design charts for the axial and lateral responses o f piles adjacent
to tunnelling operations were developed by Chen et al. (1999).
They found that the pile responses depended on a number of
factors, including tunnel geometry, ground loss ratio, soil
strength and stiffness, pile diameter, and the ratio of pile length
to tunnel cover depth. They also showed that the lateral pile be­ F ig u r e 6 .4 . S e ttle m e n t o f b u ild in g c o m p u te r w ith a n d w ith o u t in te ra c tio n .
haviour was different for “long” piles whose tip was below the
tunnel axis level, and “short” piles, whose tip lay above the tun­
nel axis level. Application of the results to a published case his­
tory gave fair agreement between the measured and calculated theory to this problem has been obtained via the centrifuge
lateral pile deflections. Further verification of the applicability of model tests described by Loganathan et al. (2000).

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