Antiviral Therapy, Susceptibility Testing, and Prevention  chapter 67

858.e1

_____ Genotypic susceptibility assays are better used to assess the

Chapter Review combined effect of multiple-resistance mutations on drug
susceptibility.
1. Antiviral susceptibility testing is used for all of the following reasons _____ The trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) is a
except: noninfectious vaccine administered intranasally.
a. To evaluate new antiviral chemoprophylaxis _____ Each of the variables of a phenotypic susceptibility test (e.g.,
b. To define viral recombinant proteins for replacement of the whole type of cell culture used, viral inoculums titer, incubation
virus antigen time, and so on) affect the final test result.
c. To test for cross reactivity to alternate drugs
d. To test for frequency of drug-resistant viral mutations 8. Matching: Match each term with the correct description.
_____ pyrosequencing a. HSV susceptibility testing; viable
2. Genotypic susceptibility testing involves all of the following except:
_____ flow cytometry cells take up dye, nonviable
a. PCT to detect genes known to be responsible for resistance
_____ phenotypic susceptibility cells do not
b. Genetic sequencing to determine whether genome alterations
assays b. Complete reassortment of the
have occurred
_____ genotypic susceptibility segmented viral genome
c. Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis
assays c. Uses spectrophotometry to
d. Hybridization of oligonucleotide proteins
_____ antigenic shift quantitatively measure the
3. Which of the following phenotypic antiviral susceptibility test is the _____ antigenic drift amount of viral lytic activity
method to which all other types of susceptibility tests are compared? _____ DNA hybridization d. Standard method of
a. Neuraminidase inhibition assay _____ plaque reduction assay susceptibility testing to which
b. DNA hybridization assay _____ DU assay new methods are compared
c. DU assay _____ EIA e. Sequencing method based on
d. Plaque reduction assay _____ neuraminidase inhibition the detection of released
4. IC50 stands for which of the following: assay pyrophosphate during DNA
a. The concentration of antiviral drug that inhibits viral plaque synthesis
formation by 50% f. Measures the effect of antiviral
b. The 50% inhibitory concentration reagents on DNA synthesis
c. The 50% effective concentration g. Utilizes end-point measurements
d. All of the above to determine viral inhibition in
5. Which of the following strains of influenza A shows an almost 100% the presence of antiviral drugs
resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor class of antiviral h. Sequential point mutations in
medications? the HA or N genes that give rise
a. Influenza A seasonal H1N1 to new strains
b. Influenza A 2009 novel H1N1 i. Tests for genetic material that
c. Influenza A, H3N2 confer the mutations associated
d. Influenza A, H5N1 with resistance
j. Allows fluorescence to be
6. Influenza A has the unique capability to alter its genetic composition.
quantitated by a fluorimeter
Which of the following genetic changes is the reason for the annual
k. Automated and uses a
reformulation of the influenza vaccine?
fluorochrome-labeled antibody to
a. Antigenic drift
quantitate the number of
b. Antigenic shift
virus-infected cells
c. Interspecies transmission
d. Gene reassortment during mixed infection 9. Short Answer
7. True or False (1) Give a brief description of the two types of antiviral susceptibility
_____ Antiviral susceptibility testing is governed by several testing, including the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
standards established by the Clinical and Laboratory (2) Explain the phenomena of antigenic shift and antigenic drift. What
Standards Institute. virus is responsible for these phenomena, and what are the
_____ Influenza B infection is effectively treated with drugs from the major consequences of these events?
adamantane class of antiviral medications. (3)  Explain the importance of susceptibility testing for individuals
_____ Drug resistance must be distinguished from clinical infected with HIV?
resistance when the success of an antiviral drug regimen is (4) Describe the genotypic assay of pyrosequencing. How has this
evaluated. assay benefitted antiviral susceptibility testing?

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