Index to PE Civil Reference Manual

Index to PE Civil Reference Manual
1% dry, 34‑18 Accumulator, 17‑41

flood, 20‑7 dynamometer, 85‑14 Accuracy, 85‑2
storm, 20‑5 factor, 34‑22 concrete batch, 49‑2
1/3 load increase, 68-3 gas, 34‑2 degree of, 78‑5
2,4-D, 32‑13 masonry, 67‑5 level of, 78‑5
10-minute unit hydrograph, 20‑13 process, 34‑2 order of, 78‑5
18-kip ESAL, 76‑20 Abstraction, initial, 20‑2 Accurate experiment, 11‑12
60-degree method, 40‑2 Abundance, relative, 22‑2 ACI
80% AC machine, 84‑12 coefficient, analysis, 51‑3
rated circuit breaker, 84‑10 Accelerated moment coefficient (tbl), 47‑20
rule, 84‑10 Cost Recovery System, 87‑22 shear coefficient, 47‑20
85th percentile speed, 73‑5 depreciation method, 87‑23 ACI 318
INDEX-A
100% rated circuit breaker, 84‑10 flow, 19‑23, G-1 24.3.3, 50‑15
100-year Accelerating force, railroad, 75‑5 Chap. 24, 50‑15
flood, 20‑7 Acceleration Sec. 24.3.2, 50‑15
storm, 20‑5, 20‑7 absolute, 71‑10 Acid, 22‑13, G-1
α-method, 38‑3 angular, 71‑7 amino (tbl), 23‑1
centripetal (ftn), 15‑21 binary, 22‑5
A Coriolis, 71‑9 carbonic, 22‑22, 22‑25, 25‑2, 31-9
AAR, 48‑2 fluid mass, 15‑20 carbonic (ftn), 34‑24
Road Test, 77‑6 head C-value (tbl), 18‑3 carboxylic (tbl), 23‑2
AASHTO, G‑1 instantaneous center of, 71‑14 constant, 22‑16
concrete compressive stress limit, linear, 71‑4 deoxyribonucleic, 27‑2
prestressing tendon (tbl), 56‑8 normal component, 71‑8 dissociation constant, A‑103
effective flange width, 57‑3 of gravity, 1‑2 -extractable metal, 28‑16
flexible pavement design nomograph relative, 71‑10 fatty, 27‑10
(fig), 76‑24 resultant, 71‑8, 71‑14 fatty (tbl), 23‑2
Green Book parallel parking design tangential, 71‑8 -formed bacteria, 30‑17
(fig), 73-23 uniform, 71‑3 fulvic, G‑8
Highway Safety Manual, 75‑2 uniform, formulas (tbl), 71‑4 gas, 32‑4
lump-sum loss, 56‑4 Accelerator set, 48‑3 haloacetic, 25‑11
-PCI standard girder, 56‑8 Acceptance, 88‑3 humic, G‑9
-PCI standard girder section (fig), testing, concrete, 49‑1 hydrochloric, 25‑10, 32-4
56-10 Access hypochlorous, 25‑10
-PCI standard girder section (tbl), control of, G‑5 organic (tbl), 23‑2
56‑9 point, 73‑3 polyprotic, 22‑18
properties (tbl), 56‑9 right of, G‑14 rain, 32‑4
required curve lengths (tbl), 79‑16 Accessibility, 19‑17 ribonucleic, 27‑2
resistance factor, 56‑6 Accessible parking space, 73‑24 -splitting bacteria, 30‑17
resistance factor (tbl), 56‑8 Accident, 75‑16 sulfuric, 32‑4
rigid pavement nomograph (fig), 77‑9 data, 75‑17 ternary, 22‑5
soil classification, 35‑4 data, analysis, 75‑11 volatile, 27‑10
strength reduction factor, 56‑6 history warrant, signalization, 73‑19 Acidity, 22‑22, 25‑2
strength reduction factor (tbl), 56‑8 log (ftn), 83‑2 Acid-test ratio, 87‑37
tensile stress limit in prestressed modeling, vehicle, 75‑14 Acoustic
concrete (tbl), 56‑8 PDO, 75‑11 emission testing, 43‑13
Abandonment, G‑1 pedestrian, 75‑16 holography, 43‑14
Abbreviation stake marking (tbl), 81‑2 rate, 75‑11 velocity, 14‑16
Above-ground storage tank, 33‑1 rate, OSHA, 83‑2 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Abrams’ strength law, 48‑4 type, 75‑12 (AIDS), 27‑11
ABS pipe, 16‑11, 28-4 Accidental error, 85‑2 ACR, 48‑2
Abscissa, 7‑2 Accommodation, reasonable, 82‑9 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ftn), 16‑11
Absolute Account Act, fraudulent, 88‑6
acceleration, 71‑10 accumulated depreciation (ftn), 87‑23 Actinide, 22‑3
convergence, 3‑14 asset, 87‑35 Actinium (ftn), 22‑3
English System, 1‑4 equipment (ftn), 87‑23 Actinon, 22‑3
parallax, 78‑20 expense (ftn), 87‑38 Action
position, 71‑10 ledger, 87‑35 capillary, 14‑13
pressure, 14‑2 liability, 87‑35 composite, 57‑2
velocity, 71‑10 owners’ equity, 87‑35 galvanic, 22‑20
viscosity, 14‑7 Accounting, 87‑37 level, 83‑8
viscosity (ftn), 14‑7 convention (ftn), 87‑35 level, noise, OSHA, 83‑8
volume method, 49‑2 cost, 87‑37 line of, 5‑1, 41-2
volume method, concrete, 77‑2 equation, 87‑35 noncomposite, 68‑15
Absorbed job cost, 87‑37 pop, 16‑15
asphalt, 76‑10 principle, standard (ftn), 87‑35 prying, 65‑7, 66‑9
dose, G‑1 process cost, 87‑37 shear force, 45‑18
Absorber, spray tower (fig), 34‑3 Accreditation Board for Engineering and tension field, 63‑2
Absorption, G‑1 Technology (ftn), 89-1 tort, 88‑7
coefficient, 22‑10, 31-9 Accrual system, 87‑35 Activated
coefficient, gas (tbl), 31‑9 Accumulation, 8‑7 carbon, 29‑14, 34‑3
P P I • p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
I-2 P E C I V I L C O M P A N I O N F O R T H E S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
carbon, granular, 26‑15 mechanical, pulley block, 41‑12 /fuel ratio, 24‑10
carbon (ftn), 34‑3 pulley, 41‑12 heater ash, 24‑3
charcoal, 34‑3 Advection, G‑1 ideal, 24‑10
controller, 73‑21 Adverse cross slope, 79‑9 in concrete, 49‑3
sludge plant, characteristics, 30‑2, 30‑6 Aerated injection, 26‑4
sludge process, 30‑2 grit chamber, 29‑6 mean free path, 34‑9
Active lagoon, 29‑5 pollutant, 32‑2
collection, gas, 31‑6 Aeration, 26‑4, G-1 prewash, 26‑14
component, retaining wall, A‑121, characteristics, 30‑2 properties, A‑22
A‑122 complete-mix, 30‑3 release valve, 16‑15
earth pressure, 37‑2, 37‑3 conventional, 30‑3 resistance, 75‑3
earth pressure coefficient, 37‑3 cost, 30‑10 resistance coefficient, 75‑3
pressure, G‑1 diffused air system, 26‑5 stoichiometric, 24‑10
resultant, total, 37‑4 extended, 30‑3 stripper, 34‑21
zone, 37‑2 high purity oxygen, 30‑3 stripping, 29‑13, 34‑21
Activity high-rate, 30‑3 stripping operation (fig), 34‑21
dummy, 86‑13 period, 30‑9 temperature, average daily, 49‑6
-on-arc network, 86‑13 power, 29‑4, 29‑5, 30‑10 temperature, mean annual, 76‑17
-on-branch network, 86‑13 sludge, 30‑3 -to-cloth ratio, 34‑5
-on-node network, 86‑11 step-flow, 30‑3 toxic, 32‑2
pozzolanic, 77‑13 tank, 30‑9 valve, combination, 16‑15
specific, G‑15 tapered, 30‑3 valve, double orifice, 16‑15
Actual filtering velocity, 34‑6 zone of, G‑17 valve, siphon, 16‑15
Acuity, visual, 75‑10 Aerial mapping, 78‑19 void, 76‑10
Acute
INDEX-A
Aero horsepower, 17‑44 wash, 26‑14

angle, 6‑1 Aerobe, 27‑6, G-1 Airborne survey, 78‑6
hazard, 83‑6 obligate, 27‑6 Aircraft
ADA, 73‑24, 82-9 Aerobic, G‑1 approach category, 79‑23
Adaptation speed, 75‑10 decomposition, 27‑9 cable, 45‑23
Add chain, 78‑8 digester, 30‑17 Airfoil, 17‑42
Added head, pump, 17‑16 digester, characteristics (tbl), 30‑17 Airport
Addition digestion, 30‑17 geometric design, 79‑23
associative law, 4‑4 pond, 29‑4 runway, 73‑32, 79‑23
commutative law, 4‑4 Aerodynamic equivalent diameter, 32‑7 taxiway, 79‑23
of vectors, 5‑3 Affinity law, 18‑20 type, 79‑23
Additive, pozzolanic, 48‑2 Afterburner, 34‑16 Alachlor, 32‑13
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 27‑9, G-1 Age Alcohol, 24‑8
Adenovirus, 27‑7 BOD, sludge, 30‑4 ethyl, 24‑8
Adfreeze force, 38‑6 of the suspected solids, 30‑4 grain, 24‑8
Adhesion, 38‑3 Agency, 88‑3 methyl, 24‑8
factor, 38‑3, 38‑4 Agent, 88‑3 Alcohol (tbl), 23‑2
road, coefficient of, 75‑6 chelating (ftn), 34‑20 aliphatic (tbl), 23‑2
Adhesion (ftn), 14‑13 contract, 88‑3 aromatic (tbl), 23‑2
Adiabatic oxidizing, 22‑8 Aldehyde (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑2
compressibility, 14‑14 reducing, 22‑8 Aldrin, 32‑13
compression, 15‑14 weighting, 26‑9 Algae, 27‑8, G-1
flame temperature, 24‑16 Aggregate, 48‑2, 76-3 growth, in water, 25‑8
Adiabatic (ftn), 16‑2 alkali reactivity, 48‑2 pretreatment, 26‑3
Adjacent angularity, 76‑16 Algal bloom, 27‑8
angle, 6‑2 ASTM C330, 48‑8 Algebra, 3‑1
side, angle, 6‑2 coarse, 48‑2, 76-3, G-1 matrix, 4‑4
Adjoint, classical, 4‑5 factor, lightweight concrete (tbl), 48‑6 Algebraic equation, 3‑2
Adjudication, G‑1 fine, 48‑2, 76-3, G-1 Algicide, 26‑3
Adjunct, code, 82‑2 lightweight, 48‑8, G-1 Alias component (ftn), 9‑9
Adjusted weight, 49‑3 mineral, 76‑3 Alidade, 78‑10, G-1
Adjusting traverse, 78‑14 open graded, 76‑4 Alignment chart, column, 53‑3
Adjustment for access point density, 73‑14 PCC, 77‑2 Alignment stake, 81‑1, 81‑3
Administrative expense, 87‑34 properties, 49‑2 Aliphatic alcohol (tbl), 23‑2
Admittance, 84‑6 trailer, 80‑10 Alkali
Admixture (see also type), 48‑3, G-1 Aggressive index, 26‑20 -aggregate reactivity, 48‑2
lithium-based, 48‑2 Agonic line, G‑1 -carbonate reaction, 48‑2
water-reducing, 48‑3 Agreement, letter of, 88‑3 metal, 22‑3
Adsorbed water, G‑1 Ahead -silica reaction, 48‑2
Adsorbent, 26‑9 stationing, 79‑4 Alkaline earth metal, 22‑3
material (ftn), 34‑3 tangent, 79‑2 Alkalinity, 22‑22, 25‑2, 25‑5, 26‑20, G-1
Adsorption, 26‑15, 34-3 AHJ, 82‑2 methyl orange, 22‑23
carbon, 29‑14 AIA formula, 26‑25 phenolphthalein, 22‑23
edge, G‑1 AIDS, 27‑11 test interpretation (tbl), 22‑23
hazardous waste, 34‑4 Air Alkalinity (fig), 25‑6
ratio, sodium, 25‑12 atmospheric, 24‑9, 30-9 Alkane, 23‑1, 24‑1
Advance warning sign spacing (tbl), 73‑34 atmospheric, properties, A‑24 Alkane (tbl), 23‑3
Advanced atmospheric pressure, properties, A‑22 Alkene, 23‑1, 24‑1
flue gas cleanup, 34‑4 blower, 30‑9 Alkoxy (tbl), 23‑1
oxidation, 34‑4 change, G‑1 Alkyl (tbl), 23‑1
oxidation process, 26‑22 composition, dry (tbl), 24‑9 halide (tbl), 23‑2
scrubbing, 24‑5 -entrained concrete, 77‑3 Alkyne, 23‑1, 24‑1
warning area, 73‑33 -entraining mixture, 48‑4 Alkyne (tbl), 23‑2
wastewater treatment, 29‑3 entrainment, 77‑2 All
Advantage excess, 22‑9, 24‑13 -directional interchange, 73‑25
mechanical, 15-15, 41‑11 flow rate, SCFM, 30‑10 -lightweight concrete, 48‑8, 48‑7
flush, G‑1
I N D E X T O P E C I V I L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L I-3
-red clearance period, 73‑22 Amphoteric behavior, G‑2 Angle

-volatile treatment, 22‑26 Amplification acute, 6‑1
Allergen, 32‑4 factor, moment, 53‑5 adjacent, 6‑2
Alligator crack, 76‑4 force, 41‑11 adjacent side, 6‑2
Allochthonous material, 25‑8 Amplified end moment, 53‑5 banking, 79‑8
Allowable AMU, G‑2 bearing (fig), 78‑13
bearing capacity, 36‑2 Anabolic, 27‑9 between figures, 7‑8
bearing strength, 59‑19, 61‑10 Anabolism, G‑2 between lines, 6‑1
bending stress, 59‑15 Anabranch, G‑2 complementary, 6‑2
compressive strength, steel column, Anaerobe, 27‑6, G-2 contact, 14‑13
61‑4 digester, 30‑17 deflection, 78‑13, 78‑14, 79‑4
floor area, 82‑7 obligate, 27‑6 direction, 5‑2, 7‑5
height, building, 82‑7 Anaerobic, G‑2 explement, 78‑14
load, fastener, 65‑3 decomposition, 27‑10 external friction, 37‑6
strength design, 58‑5, 59‑8 digester, characteristics, 30‑19 face, 6‑6
stress, 45‑2, 50‑3 digestion, 30‑17 friction, external (tbl), 37‑4
stress, bending, 59‑15 pond, 29‑4 friction, soil (tbl), 37‑4
stress design, 50‑3, 58‑5, 59‑8 Analysis, (see also type) 47‑2 function of, 6‑2
stress design method, 50‑3 accident data, 75‑11 helix thread, 45‑15
stress rating method, 74‑3 ACI coefficient, 51‑3 hypotenuse, 6‑2
stress, sheet piling (tbl), 39‑4 beam-column, 62‑3 interfacial friction, 31‑4
Allowance break-even, 87‑39 interfacial friction (tbl), 31‑5
depletion, 87‑25 chemical, 22‑7 interior, 78‑14, 79‑2
trade-in, 87‑19 column, 61‑5 internal friction, 35‑17, 35‑26, 40‑8,
INDEX-A
Alluvial deposit, G‑1 combustible, 24‑2 43-8, 72-7
Alluvium, G‑1 comparative, 87‑17 internal friction, pile (fig), 72‑7
Alpha, 11‑15 cost-benefit, highway safety, 75‑20 intersection, 79‑2
risk, 11‑15 descriptive, safety, 75‑2 lead, bolt, 45‑15
Alphabet, Greek, 3‑1 dimensional, 1‑9 lift check valve, 16‑13
Alpha-value, 85‑6 economic, engineering, 87‑2 measurement (fig), 78‑13
Alternate economic life, 87‑4 measurement equipment, 78‑12
depth, 19‑17, G-1 elastic second-order, 53‑2 measurement method, 78‑12
mode, 73‑20 error, 78‑2, 78‑3 miscellaneous formula, 6‑4
mode operation, 73‑20 first-order, 53‑1 obtuse, 6‑1
Alternating current, 84‑2, 84‑5 Fourier, 9‑7 of depression, 6‑2
Alternating sign series, 3‑14 frequency (ftn), 9‑8 of elevation, 6‑2
Alternative gravimetric, 22‑6, 24‑2 of intersection, 7‑8
comparison, 87‑4 horizon, 87‑18 of repose, 72‑6, 80-2
disinfectants, 25‑11 hydrograph, 20‑7 of static friction, 72‑6
disinfection, 29‑14 incremental, 87‑18 opposite side, 6‑2
hypothesis, 11‑15 inelastic first-order, 47‑2 parking, 73‑23
sewer, 28‑4 inelastic second-order, 47‑3 plane, 6‑1
to chlorination, 25‑11, 26‑22 life-cycle cost, 86‑7 power, 84‑8
Alternator (ftn), 84‑12 nonlinear second-order, 53‑2 rebound, 72‑18
Altitude valve, 26‑26 numerical, 12‑1 reflex, 6‑1
Alum, 26‑8 period, 76‑20 related, 6‑1
Aluminum, A‑129 plastic, 47‑2 repose, 40‑8
structural, A‑143 proximate, 24‑2 right, 6‑1
structural, properties, A‑143 quantitative predictive, 75‑2 rupture, 43‑8
Amber period, 73‑22 replacement/retirement, 87‑4 solid, 6‑7
American risk, 87‑46 spiral, 79‑20
Insurance Association equation, 26‑25 sensitivity, 87‑45 stall, 17‑42
Insurance Association formula, 26‑25 signature (ftn), 9‑8 station, 78‑14
National Standards Institute, 82‑3 strength, doubly reinforced section, straight, 6‑1
Society of Civil Engineers, 89‑1 50‑25 supplementary, 6‑2
wire gauge, 84‑9 structural, 47‑2 to the right, 78‑13
Americans with Disabilities Act, 82‑9 tension member, 60‑4 total deflection, 79‑20
Amictic, G‑2 tension member (fig), 60‑5 traverse (fig), 78‑14
Amide (tbl), 23‑2 time-series (ftn), 9‑8 trihedral, 6‑6
Amine ultimate, 22‑5, 22‑6, 24‑2 twist, 43‑9, 45‑16
filming, 22‑25 uncertainty, 87‑46 type (see also by name), 6‑2
neutralizing, 22‑25 value, 87‑46 valve, 16‑13
polar, 22‑25 volumetric, 24‑2 vertex, 6‑1
Amine (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑2 Analytic function, 8‑1 vertical, 6‑2
Amino acid (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑2 Analyzer wall friction, 37‑6
Ammonia FFT, 9‑8 yaw, 17‑30
in wastewater, 28‑15 signal, 9‑8 Angstrom, A‑1
in water, 25‑9 spectrum, 9‑8 Angular
nitrogen, in wastewater, 28‑15 Anchor pull, 39‑5 acceleration, 71‑7
removal, in wastewater, 29‑3, 29‑14 Anchor trench, 31‑4 frequency, 84‑5
slip (ftn), 34‑20 Anchorage impulse, 72‑15
stripping, 28‑15, 29‑14 masonry, 67‑7 momentum, 17‑35, 72-3
toxic effect on fish, 25‑9 requirement, shear reinforcement (fig), momentum (fig), 72‑4
un-ionized, in water, 25‑9 50‑24 motion, 71‑7
Amoeba, 27‑8 shear reinforcement, 50‑24 orientation, 5‑1
Amoeboid, 27‑8 Anchored bulkhead, 39‑5 perspective, 2‑3
Amortization, 87‑25 Andesite porphyry, 35‑33 position, 71‑7
Amount, factor compound, 87‑5 Andrade’s equation, 43‑17 velocity, 71‑7
Ampacity, 84‑9 Anemometer, 17‑29 Angularity, aggregate, 76‑16
Ampere, 84‑2 hot-wire, 17‑29 Anhydride (tbl), 23‑3
Amperometric sensor, 85‑4 Anion, 25‑1, G-2
Anisotropic material, 5‑1 volume method, 49‑2 Asbestos, 32‑4

Annual weight method, 49‑2 cement pipe, 16‑11, 26‑26, 28-4
air temperature, mean, 76‑17 Arc, 20‑18, 86-10 Asbestosis, 32‑5
amount, 87‑7 basis, 79‑3 ASCE, 89‑1
benefit, 73‑28 length, 71‑8 ASD, 58‑5
capital cost, 73‑28 length, by integration, 9‑5 Ash, 24‑3
cost, 87‑7 shield, 64‑4 air heater, 24‑3
cost, equivalent uniform, 87‑16 Archimedes’ principle, 15‑15 bottom, 24‑3, 32-5
cost method, 87‑16 Architect, 88‑4 coal, 24‑4
effective interest rate, 87‑5 Arctic, 32‑13 combined, 32‑5
equivalent cost, 87‑16 Area, A‑8, A‑127 economizer, 24‑3
growth rate, average, 3‑12 bar (tbl), 50‑13 fly, 24‑3, 48‑2
return method, 87‑16 between two curves, 9‑5 fly, pavement, 77‑13
traffic, 73‑5 bolt, tensile stress, 65‑4 pit, 24‑3
Annuity, 87‑7 bounded by irregular area (fig), 78‑19 refractory, 24‑3
Anode, sacrificial, 22‑20 by integration, 9‑4 soda, 26‑16
Anoxic centroid of an, 42‑1 ASME long-radius nozzle (ftn), 17‑34
condition, 27‑6 circulation, pedestrian, 73‑19 Aspect ratio, 17‑42
decomposition, 27‑10 conversion, SI, A‑4 ellipse, 7‑11
denitrification, 27‑6 critical net, 60‑3 Asphalt, 76‑11
ANSI, 82‑3 effective net, 60‑3 absorbed, 76‑10
Antecedent first moment, 42-2, 46‑6 binder, 76‑2
moisture condition (ftn), 20‑18 frontal, 17‑44 binder grade, Superpave (tbl), 76‑3
runoff condition, 20‑18 gore, 73‑27 cement, 76‑2
INDEX-A
Anthracite coal, 24‑5 gross, 60‑2 concrete, 76‑2, 76‑9, 76‑11

Anthrafilt, 26‑14 gross filtering, 34‑5 concrete, full-depth (fig), 76‑27
Anti interfacial, 34‑22 concrete, untreated aggregate base,
-lock brake, 75‑6 irregular (fig), 7‑1 150 mm (fig), 76‑28
-skid brake, 75‑6 law of, 72‑21 concrete, untreated aggregate base,
Anticlinal spring, G‑2 mensuration, A‑8 6 in (fig), 76‑28
Antiderivative, 9‑1 method, landfill, 31‑2 concrete composition (tbl), 76‑5
Antireversal check valve, 16‑13 moment of inertia, 42‑4, A-127 concrete mixture, 76‑4
Antoine equation (ftn), 14‑11 net, 60‑2 concrete pavement, 76‑2
Apex, 41‑23 net filtering, 34‑5 content, effective, 76‑10
Aphelion, 72‑22 reduction, 43‑7 content, optimum, 76‑12
API scale, 14‑5 rural, 73‑3 crumb-rubber modified, 76‑30
Apogee, 72‑22 second moment of, 42‑4 cutback, 76‑2
Apparatus specific, filter, 29‑10 emulsified, 76‑2
breathing, 83‑6 specific collection, 34‑10 emulsion, 76‑2, G-2
Golgi, 27‑2 specific surface, 29‑12 grade, 76‑3
Orsat, 24‑13 steel reinforcement bar, 50‑10, 51‑3 grading, 76‑3
osmotic pressure, 14‑11 suburban, 73‑3, 73‑4 gravity, effective, G‑6
vane-shear, 35‑30 transformation method, 44‑21 hot mix, 76‑2, 76‑11
Apparent under standard normal curve (tbl), hot rubber mix, 76‑30
color, in water, 25‑9 A‑15 mix, 76‑3
modulus, 43‑12 urban, 73‑4 mixer, 76‑6
specific gravity, 76‑9 weaving, 73‑26 modifier, 76‑6
specific gravity, asphalt mixture, G‑2 Areal, 1‑9 modifier (tbl), 76‑6
yield stress, 43‑8 density, 1‑9 pavement, full-depth, 76‑29
Application dust density, 34‑6 pavement recycling, 76‑29
FE exam, 90‑2 measurement, 1‑9 performance graded, 76‑16
point of, 5‑1 rain, 20‑18 plant, 76‑6
Applied velocity, 72‑21 polymer-modified, 76‑6
impulse, 72‑16 Argument, 3‑8 rubber, 76‑30
load, pressure from, 40‑2 Arithmetic rubber-modified, 76‑30
Appraisal economic, HSM, 75‑20 growth rate, 3‑12 stone mastic, 76‑30
Approach, 73‑16 mean, 11‑12 stone matrix, 76‑30
category, aircraft, 79‑23 sequence, 3‑12 synthetic, 76‑31
tangent, 79‑2 series, 3‑13 target optimum content, 76‑12
velocity, 21‑4 Arm Asphaltic coating, 16‑12
velocity of, 16‑5, 17‑17 machinery, 83‑10 ASR, 48‑2
Approximate structural methods, 47‑19 moment, 41‑3 method, 74‑3
Approximation working, 83‑10 Assembly
series, 8‑8 Aromatic door, 82‑4
small angle, 6‑3 alcohol (tbl), 23‑2 slider rod, 71‑14
Appurtenance, G‑2 hydrocarbon, 24‑2 Assessment life-cycle, 86‑8
Apron, G‑2 liquid (ftn), 14‑10 Asset
Aquatic plant, 25‑9 Aromatic (tbl), 23‑3 account, 87‑35
Aquation, 22‑11 Array (ftn), 4‑1 capitalizing, 87‑21
Aquiclude, 40‑10, G-2 Arrival type, 73‑17 class, 87‑21
Aquifer, 21‑2, G-2 Arterial, 73‑3 current, 87‑36
confined, 21‑2 highway, G‑2 expensing, 87‑21
free, 21‑2 Artesian fixed, 87‑36
unconfined, 21‑2 formation, G‑2 liquid, 87‑36
Aquifuge, G‑2 spring, G‑2 nonliquid, 87‑36
Aquitard, G‑2 well, 21‑2 Assignment, 88‑4
Aramid fiber, 32‑5 Artificial expense, 87‑21 Associative
Aramid tendon, 56‑5 Aryl (tbl), 23-1 law, addition, 3‑2, 4-4
Arbitrary halide (tbl), 23‑3 law, multiplication, 3‑2, 4-4
proportions method, 49‑2 As-built document, 86‑16 set, law, 11‑2
As fired, 24‑3 Assumed inflection point, 47‑19
Assumed meridian, 78‑12 Average Backfill, 40‑9

Assumption, Whitney, 50‑8 annual daily flow, 26‑23, 73-5 inclined, 37‑6
ASTM annual daily traffic, 73‑5 slope, broken, 37‑6
C330 aggregate, 48‑8 annual growth rate, 3‑12 Backfilled trench, pipe in (fig), 40‑9
E119, 82‑4 change, 11‑16 Backsight, 78‑10
International, 82‑3 cost method, 87‑39 Backward
prestressing tendon (tbl), 56‑6 cost, weighted, 87‑32 pass, G‑2
soil test (tbl), 35‑17 daily air temperature, 49‑6 soil pressure, 37‑2
soil tests, 35‑16 daily traffic, 73‑5 Backwashing
standard, pipe, 16‑12 decrease, 11‑16 air wash, 26‑14
standards, steel reinforcing, A‑150 end area method, 80‑4 filter, 26‑14
Asymmetric multiplier, 83‑8 highway speed, 73‑4 Backwater, G‑2
Asymmetrical function, 7‑4 increase, 11‑16 curve, G‑2
Asymptote, 7‑2 power, 84‑7 Bacteria, 27‑7
Asymptotic, 7‑2 precipitation, 20‑2 acid-formed, 30‑17
At-rest pressure, 15‑7 acid-splitting, 30‑17
earth pressure coefficient, 37‑5 running speed, 73‑4 autotrophic, 27‑6, 28‑10
soil pressure, 37‑5 spot speed, 73‑4 carbonaceous, 28‑10
Atmosphere time per unit, 87‑44 facultative, 27‑6
air, 30‑9 travel speed, 73‑4, 73‑13 growth (tbl), 27‑6
earth, 15‑13 value, 87‑31 iron, 27‑6
standard, A‑5, A‑66 value, by integration, 9‑4 mesophyllic, G‑11
Atmospheric value, sinusoid, 84‑5 nonphotosynthetic, 27‑6
air, 24‑9, 30-9 velocity, 16‑9 thermophilic, G‑16
INDEX-B
fluidized-bed combustion, 24‑6 Avogadro’s Bag, cement, 48‑1
head, 18‑6 hypothesis, 22‑5 Baghouse, 34‑5
pressure, 14‑3 law, 22‑5, G‑2 collection efficiency, 34‑6
pressure, air, properties, A‑22, A‑24 number, 22‑5 resistance, 34‑6
refraction, 78‑10 AWWA standard, pipe, 16‑12 typical (fig), 34‑5
Atom, 22‑2 Axes, principal, 70‑2 Balance
Atomic Axial book, 87‑35
mass unit, 22‑2 -flow impeller, 18‑4, 26‑12 dynamic, 70‑2
number, 22‑2, A‑92, G‑2 -flow reaction turbine, 18‑25 line, 80‑7
number, elements, A‑92 -flow turbine, 18‑25 line (fig), 80‑7
numbers and weights of the elements, -flow turbine (fig), 18‑26 point, 80‑7
A‑98 load, stiffness reduction factor, 53‑4 point (fig), 80‑7
structure, 22‑2 loading, 44‑13 sheet, 87‑35
weight, 22-2, A‑92, G‑2 member, 41‑12 sheet, simplified (fig), 87‑36
weight, chemical, 22‑2 member, force, 41‑12 static, 70‑2
Atomizing scrubber, 34‑18 member, pin-connected, 41‑13 water, equation, 20‑2
ATP, 27‑9 strain, 43‑5 Balanced
Atrazine, 32‑13 stress, 35‑27 condition (masonry), 68‑5
ATS (see Average travel speed), 73‑13 tensile stress, 60‑1 curve, 72‑9
Attack, intergranular, 22‑21 Axis draft point, 34‑11
Attention and information processing, 75‑9 bending, 45‑18 load, electrical, 84‑11
Attenuator, impact, 75‑13 conjugate, 7‑12 point, column, 52‑5
Atterberg major, 7‑11 speed, 72‑9
limit, 35‑22 minor, 7‑11 steel, 68‑5
limit test, 35‑4, 35‑22 minor, buckling and bracing (fig), 61‑4 steel area, 50‑6
Attractive rate of return, minimum, 87‑16 neutral, 44‑12 tension weld, 66‑5
Auger oblique, 2‑2 weld group, 66‑5
boring, 40‑11 of rotation, 72‑2 weld group (fig), 66‑5
-hole method, 35‑24 parabolic, 7‑10 Balancing, 78‑14
Augmented matrix, 4‑1 principal, 42‑8, 59‑15 chemical equations, 22‑7
Austenitic stainless steel (ftn), 22‑21 rotation, 42‑8 closed traverse angles, 78‑14
Authority having jurisdiction, 82‑2 torsional, 45‑18 closed traverse distance, 78‑15
Autochthonous material, 25‑8 transverse, 7‑12 operations, 70‑2
Autogenous waste (ftn), 34‑11 weak, 59‑5 traverse, 78‑16
Autoignition temperature, 24‑9 Axle traverse, least squares, 78‑16
Automatic spread-tandem, 76‑19 Bale, hay, 80‑11
total station, 78‑5 type (fig), 76‑21 Ball valve, 16‑13
traffic recorder, 73‑6 Axonometric view, 2‑3 Ballast, thermal, 34‑13
Autotroph, 27‑6, G-2 Azimuth, 78‑13, G-2 Ballast circuit, 85‑10
Autotrophic bacteria, 27‑6, 28‑10 from back line, 78‑13 Balling scale (ftn), 14‑5
Auxiliary from north, 78‑13 Ballistic
elevation, 2‑2 from south, 78‑13 pendulum, 72‑3
equation, 10‑1 magnetic, 73‑32 pendulum (fig), 72‑3
lane, G‑2 Balloon payment, 87‑43
view, 2‑2 B Ban, land, 33‑2
Availability, 26‑9 B box, 80‑10 Bandwidth, 9-9, 73‑21
Available B1-B2 procedure, 62‑2 of frequency analysis, 9‑9
combined residual, 28‑14 Babcock formula, 17‑11 Bank
compressive strength, 62‑2 BAC-CAB identity, 5‑5 cubic yard, 80‑1
flexural strength, 64‑2 Back -measure, 80‑1
hydrogen, 24‑3, 24‑15 -calculation, 76‑17 Banking
lime, 26‑9 corona, 34‑9 angle, 79‑8
load, fastener, 65‑3 station, 79‑4 days in a year (ftn), 87‑29
method, 32‑16 stationing, 79‑4 roadway, 72‑8
moment table, 59‑10 tangent, 79‑2 Bar
moment versus unbraced length (fig), area (tbl), 50‑13
59‑3 chart, 86‑10
chart, water chemistry, 25‑1 depreciation, 87‑21 width, minimum (tbl), 50‑8
deformed (fig), 48‑9 unadjusted, 87‑21 width, steel, 50‑8
dimension, hard SI (Canadian) (tbl), Batch Bearing, 45‑13, 78-13
48‑10 gravity thickening, 30‑15 angle (fig), 78‑13
dowel, 55‑6, 77-12 mixer, 76‑6 area, plate, 60‑6
headed, deformed, 55‑6 trial, 49‑2 capacity, 36‑1
lacing, 61‑2 Batching, 49‑2 capacity, allowable, 36‑2
lacing (ftn), 61‑2 Bathtub distribution, 11‑9 capacity, clay, 36‑5
lattice, 61‑2 Batter, 37‑2 capacity factor, 36‑3
lattice (ftn), 61‑2 decrement, 37‑2, 37‑13 capacity factor (tbl), 36‑4
purple, 48‑11 pile, G‑3 capacity, factors, long trench, 39‑3
reinforcing, 67‑6 Baumé scale, 14‑5 capacity, gross, 36‑3
steel, 48‑9 Bayes adjustment, empirical, 75‑18 capacity, net, 36‑4
tie, pavement, 77‑8 Bayes’ theorem, 11‑4 capacity, rock, 36‑8
total area, 51‑3 Bazin formula (ftn), 19‑3 capacity, sand, 36‑7
Barometer, 15‑2 Beam (see also type) capacity, ultimate, 36‑3
multi-fluid, 15‑6 analysis, prestressed, 56‑11 capacity, ultimate static, pile, 38‑2
Barometric balanced condition (fig), 50‑7 capacity, water table, 36‑8
height relationship, 15‑13 bearing plate, 59‑18 connection, 65‑2
pressure, 14‑3 bearing plate, nomenclature (fig), length, plate, 59‑19
Barrel, 19‑29 59‑19 plate, 59‑18
Barrier bending coefficient, 59‑4 plate, beam, 59‑18
brush, 80‑11 bending plane (fig), 59‑2 pressure, safe, 36‑2
concrete, highway, 75‑14 bending stress distribution (fig), 44‑12 ratio, California, 35‑30, 76-21
INDEX-B
constant slope, 75‑14 boundary condition (tbl), 44‑14 stiffener, 44‑20, 59‑18, 63‑2, 63‑4
F-shape, 75‑14 circular, 50‑22 stiffener (fig), 59‑18, 63‑5
General Motors, 75‑14 -column, 44‑13, 59‑2, 62‑1 stiffener design, 63‑4
GM, 75‑14 -column, analysis, 62‑3 strength, available, 65‑4
heavy vehicle median, 75‑14 -column design, 62‑3 strength, steel, 59‑19
heavy vehicle median (fig), 75‑14 compact, 59‑3 stress, 45‑13
highway, 75‑14 composite, 64‑1 stress, allowable, 65‑4
Jersey, 75‑14 composite, cross section (fig), 64‑1 test, three-edge, 16‑12
K-rail, 75‑14 concrete, cracking, 50‑14 value, plate, test, 35‑32
Ontario, 75‑14 concrete, deflection, 50‑16 wall, 54‑2
Ontario (fig), 75‑14 concrete, design, 50‑8, 50‑10 Bed, G‑3
removal, 82‑10 concrete, maximum deflection, 50‑18 biological, 29‑9
Basalt, 35‑33 concrete, shear strength, 50‑22 chemically active, 34‑12
Bascule bridge, 57‑4 conjugate, 44‑16, 47-6 moisture level, 24‑3
Base, 3-5, 22-13, G-3 continuous, 46‑2, 46‑5, 59‑11 residence time, 34‑7
breakaway, 75‑14 critical stress, 59‑8 sand, filter, 32‑15
cement-treated, 48‑8, G-4 cross section, type, 50‑2 sand drying, 30‑20
circle failure, 40‑8 curved (tbl), 44‑21 Bedding load factor, 40‑10
condition, roadway, 75‑17 deep, 50‑27 Bedding, mortar, 68‑4
constant, 22‑16 deflection, 44‑14, 44‑15, 44‑16, 44‑18, Begin slope rounding, 81‑4
course, G‑3 47-4, 59‑5, A-133 Beginning of curve, 79‑4
dissociation constant, A‑104 deflection, elastic, A‑133 Behavior factor, 73‑9
exchange, 22‑23 deflection, prestressed, 56‑5 Bell, G‑3
exchange method, 26‑18 deflection, strain energy method, 44‑16 -shaped curve, 11‑6
exchange process, 26‑18 depth, concrete, minimum, 50‑17 Belt
flow, 20‑7, G-3 design selection table, 59‑8 filter press, 30‑19
flow (ftn), 20‑7 determinate, type, 41‑9 friction, 72‑7
frangible coupling, 75‑14 determinate, type (fig), 41‑9 highway, G‑3
free-flow speed, 73‑11, 73‑14 doubly reinforced, 50‑24 thickening, gravity, 30‑16
hinged, pole, 75‑14 doubly reinforced, parameter (fig), V-, 72‑7
length, weaving, 73‑27 50‑25 Benchmark, 78‑7
of the cut, 39‑2 equation, A‑133 official, 78‑8
plate, column, 61‑10 failure, rotation (fig), 44‑20 temporary, 78‑8
plate cantilever factor, 61‑11 fixed-end, 46‑2, 46‑7 Bend, pipe (fig), 17‑39
plate critical section, 61‑11 frame (fig), 51‑6 pipe, force on, 17‑39
retaining wall, 54‑3 hole in, 59‑17 Bending
slip, pole, 75‑14 indeterminate, 46-2, A‑142 axis, 45‑18
time, 20‑7 lateral buckling (fig), 59‑3 beam load cell, 85‑13
tower crane, 83‑10 load table, 59‑9 biaxial, 59‑15
unit, 1‑5 over-reinforced, 50‑6 moment, 44‑12
Baseball, 17‑44 prestressing effect on simple (fig), 56‑2 moment (ftn), 44‑8
Baseball (ftn), 17‑43 propped cantilever, 46‑2 moment diagram, 44‑9
Baseline, 80‑7 reinforced concrete, 50‑1 plane of, 59‑2
Baseline rate, 84‑8 reinforcement (fig), 50‑2 strength, steel beam, 59‑2
Basic serviceability, 50‑14 stress, 59‑2
accounting equation, 87‑35 shear strength, 50‑21 stress, beam, 44‑11
fire flow, 26‑24 shear stress, 44‑10 stress, beam (fig), 44‑12
shapes, 42‑1, 42‑4, A-127 soldier, 39‑7 stress (fig), 44‑12
Basin steel, 59‑2 unsymmetrical, beam, 59‑15
chemical sedimentation, 29‑8 steel, analysis flowchart (fig), 59‑7 unsymmetrical, case (fig), 59‑15
sedimentation, plain, 29‑5 steel, design flowchart (fig), 59‑9 Beneficial, reuse, 30‑21
settling, G‑14 thickness, minimum (tbl), 50‑17 program, 30‑21
stilling, G‑15 transverse force, 44‑11
Basis under-reinforced, 50‑6 Benefit
calculation, dry and wet (tbl), 49‑4 unsymmetrical bending, 59‑15 annual, 73‑28
daily compounding, 87‑29 wide, 44‑18 -cost ratio method, 87‑16
W-shape (fig), 59‑2
Bent, G‑3 Biomass, G‑3 Boiler

pile, G‑13 composition, 27‑11 circulating fluidized-bed, 34‑11
Benthic zone, G‑3 yield, 30‑14 design, fluidized-bed, 34‑11
Benthos, G‑3 Bioplastic, 32‑14 efficiency, 24‑17
Bentonite, 40‑10, G-3 Bioreactor, 34‑7 feedwater characteristics, 22‑24
cement, 40‑10 Bioremediation, 34‑6 feedwater quality, 22‑25
soil, 40‑10 Biosolid, 30‑2 fluidized-bed, 34‑11
Benzene ring (tbl), 23‑1 Biosolid (ftn), 32‑2 horsepower, 24‑17
Berm, G‑3 Biosorption, 30‑3 Boilerplate clause, 88‑4
filter, 32‑15 process, 30‑3, G-3 Boiling, 14‑11
temporary, 80‑10 Biosphere, G‑3 Boiling-point margin, 32‑8
Bernoulli equation, 16‑2, 19‑7 Biostat (ftn), 34‑23 Bolster, 50‑2
extended, 17‑16 Biot number (tbl), 1‑10 Bolt, 45‑10, 65‑1
Bessel equation, 10‑5 Biota, G‑3 area, tensile stress, 65‑4
Best available control technology, 34‑2 Bioventing, 34‑7 common, 65‑1
available technology, 34‑2 Biphenyl, polychlorinated, 32‑13 dimension (tbl), 45‑12
Beta, 11‑15 Bisection method, 3‑4, 12‑1 family, 45‑10
distribution, 86‑14 bracket, 12‑1 grade, 45‑10
method, 38‑4 Bituminous grade and type (tbl), 45‑11
ratio, 17‑31 coal, 24‑5 high-strength, 65‑1
risk, 11‑15 coating, pipe, 16‑12 marking, 45‑10
Bias, 11‑12, 85-2 concrete, 76‑11 material, 58‑4
Biaxial mix, 76‑2 preload, 45‑13, 65‑3
bending, 59‑15, 69‑5 Black pretension, 65‑4
INDEX-B
stress, 85‑12 pipe, 16‑11 pretension, minimum(tbl), 65‑4
Bicarbonate hazard, 25‑12 steel pipe, 16‑11 standards, 45‑10
Bicyclist crash factor, 75‑11 Blacktop, 76‑11 structural, 65‑1
Bidding, competitive, 89‑4 Blade tensile stress area, 65‑4
Bifurcation ratio, G‑3 jet force on, 17‑37 thread, 45‑10
Billion (tbl), 1‑7 pitch, circular, 18‑5 torque, 45‑14
parts per, 22‑12 Blasius torque factor, 45‑15
Bimetallic element, 44‑4 equation, 17‑6 twist-off, 65‑1
Binary solution, 17‑47 Bolted
acid, 22‑5 Blast-furnace gas (ftn), 24‑8 connection (fig), 65‑2
compound, 22‑4 Bleeding, G‑4 connection reduction values (tbl), 60‑3
fission, 27‑8, G-3 pavement, 76‑4 simple framing connection (fig), 65‑8
Binder Bleeding (ftn), 76‑15 Bolting, small column base plate anchor
asphalt, 76‑2 Blind drainage, G‑4 (fig), 61‑12
grade, Superpave (tbl), 76‑3 Block Bomb calorimeter, 24‑15
humectant, 32‑8 and tackle, 41‑11 Bond, 87‑30
specification, 76‑16 load, 83‑10 fully amortized (ftn), 87‑30
-to-dust ratio, 76‑16 shear failure, 60‑4 masonry, 67‑3
Bingham shear failure (fig), 60‑4 pattern, 67‑3
fluid, 14‑7 shear strength, 60‑4 running, 67‑3
-plastic limiting viscosity, 17‑13 stress, 50‑8 yield, 87‑30
-plastic model, 17‑13 Bloom, G‑4 Bonded
Binomial Blowdown, 22‑24, 32-7 strain gauge, 85‑9
coefficient, 11‑2, 11‑5 Blower strain gauge (ftn), 85‑9
distribution, 11‑5 air, 30‑9 tendon, 56‑2
probability density function, 11‑5 wastewater, 30‑11 Bonus depreciation, 87‑23
theorem, 3‑3 Blowing Book
Bioaccumulation, G‑3 pavement, 76‑4 of original entry, 87‑35
factor, G‑3 whistle- (ftn), 89‑3 value, 87‑23
Bioactivation process, G‑3 Blowup, pavement, 76‑4 value, depreciation method (fig), 87‑24
Bioassay, G‑3 Blue center steel, 45‑23 value of stock, per share, 87‑37
Bioavailability, G‑3 Bluff, G‑4 Bookkeeping, 87‑35
Biochemical oxygen demand (see also Blunder, 78‑14 double-entry, 87‑35
BOD), 28‑9, G-3 Board system, 87‑35
test, 27‑9 foot, 1‑8 Boom
Biocide, 27‑8 foot measurement, 1‑8 crane, 83‑10
Biocide (ftn), 34‑23 of directors, 88‑2 sonic, 14‑16
Bioconcentration, G‑3 of engineering licensing, 90‑1 Boring, auger, 40‑11
factor, G‑3 Bob, plumb, 78‑9 Boron hazard, 25‑12
Biodegradable plastic, 32‑14 BOCA building code, 82‑1 Borrow
Biodegradation, 32‑14, G-3 BOD, 28‑9 common, 80‑2
Biofilm filter, 26‑15 escaping treatment, 30‑6 pit, 80‑4
Biofilter, 34‑7 exerted, 27‑9 Bottom ash, 24‑3, 32-5
Biofiltration, 34‑7 exertion, 28‑9 Bound
Biogas, G‑3 loading, 29‑10 lower, 9‑4
Biological removal efficiency, 29‑10, 30‑6 upper, 9‑4
bed, 29‑9 removal fraction, 29‑10, 30‑6 vector (ftn), 5‑1
contactor, rotating, 29‑12 removal rate constant, 29‑5 Boundary
contactor, rotating, characteristics, seeded, 28‑10 irregular, 7‑1
29‑12 sludge age, 30‑4 layer (ftn), 16‑9
filter, 29‑9 soluble, 30‑6 layer theory, 17‑47
reaction, 27‑11 test, 27‑9 value, 10‑1
Biology, cellular, 27‑1 treatment efficiency, 30‑6 Bounded exponential curve, 27‑4
Biomagnification, G‑3 ultimate, 28‑10 Bourdon pressure gauge, 15‑2
factor, G‑3 Body (fig), 41‑9 Boussinesq contour chart, 40‑2
burden, G‑4 Boussinesq stress contour chart, A‑125,
rigid, 71‑1 A‑126
Boussinesq’s equation, 40‑2 crane, 59‑17 Buick, MacPherson v. (ftn), 88‑7

Bowditch method, 78‑15 deck, 46‑12, 48‑11, 57‑4 Building
Box deck, composite action, 57‑4 brick, 67‑2
closed, 45‑17 deck, orthotropic, G‑12 code, 58-5, 82‑1, 82‑2
section, 61‑2 deflection (ftn), 85‑10 code, comprehensive consensus, 82‑1
shape, 59‑2 differential series balance (ftn), 85‑10 Code, International, 58‑5
Box-shoring, 39‑1 differential shunt balance (ftn), 85‑10 code, NFPA 5000, 82‑1
Braced draw, 57‑4 cost, 86‑5
column, 45‑3, 53‑2, 53‑5 element, component (fig), 74‑1 designer, 88‑4
cut, 39‑1 eyebar usage (ftn), 60‑6 element, fire resistance (tbl), 82‑6
cut, clay, 39‑2 full, 85‑12 height, allowable, 82‑7
cut, medium clay, 39‑3 functionally obsolete, 74‑2 Officials and Code Administrators
cut, sand, 39‑2 half-, 85‑12 International, 82-1
cut, stability, 39‑3 impact factor, 74‑4 -related illness, 32‑4
frame (fig), 53‑2 inventory rating level, 74‑3 type, 82‑7
Bracing load factor rating, 74‑4 Built
diagonal, 53‑2 load rating, 74‑2 -in end, 46‑7
lateral, 59‑3 null-indicating (ftn), 85‑10 -up section, 61‑2, 63‑1
member, 61‑1 operating rating level, 74‑3 Bulk
spacing, 59‑3 permit rating level, 74‑3 modulus, 14‑15
Bracket, 65‑6 rating, load and resistance factor, modulus, water, 14‑15
bisection method, 12‑1 method, 74‑4 specific gravity, 76‑9, 76‑10, G-4
income, 87‑25 rating, U.S. DOT (FHWA) (tbl), 74‑2 velocity, 16‑9
plate, 65‑6 redundancy, 74‑5 volume, coarse aggregate (tbl), 77‑5
INDEX-C
tax, 87‑25 rotary, 73‑25 Bulkhead

Braided stream, G‑4 segmental construction, 56‑6 anchored, 39‑5
Brake shunt balance (ftn), 85‑10 cantilever, 39‑5
anti-lock/anti-skid, 75‑6 structurally deficient, 74‑2 flexible, 39‑5
assist system, 75‑6 sufficiency rating, 74‑2 pivot point, 39‑5
dynamometer, 85‑14 truss, 41‑13 tied, 39‑5
fan, 85‑14 truss part (fig), 41‑13 untied, 39‑5
friction, 85‑14 vertical lift, 57‑4 Bulking, G‑4
horsepower, pump, 18‑9 weld size, 66‑9 factor, 80‑1
Prony, 85‑14 weld strength, 66‑9 sludge, 30‑5, 30‑13, G‑15
pump power, 18‑9 Wheatstone, 85‑10 Bundle, rotation, pipe, 34‑17
water, 85‑14 zero-indicating (ftn), 85‑10 Bunker C oil, 24‑6
Braking Brimful capacity, 80‑9 Buoyancy, 15‑15
distance, 75‑6, 75‑7 Brinell hardness center, 15‑18
perception-reaction time, 75‑7 number, 43‑14 pipelines, 15‑17
rate, 75‑7 test, 43‑14 theorem, 15‑15
time, 75‑7 Brink depth, 19‑20 Buoyant density, 35‑8
Brale indenter, 43‑14 British thermal unit, 13‑1, A-1 Buoyant force, 15‑15
Branch SI conversion, A‑4 Burden, 87‑37
pipe, 17‑22 Brittle budget variance, 87‑38
sewer, G‑4 failure, 43‑15, 50‑5 capacity variance, 87‑38
Brass failure mode, 50‑6 variance, 87‑38
pipe, 16‑11 material, 43‑2 Buried pipe,
tubing, dimensions, A‑53 Brix scale (ftn), 14‑5 loading coefficients, 40‑9
Breach Broad loads on, 40‑9
material, 88‑6 -crested weir, 19‑14 Burner
of contract, 88‑6 fill, 40‑9 low excess-air, 34‑16
Break-even Broken slope backfill, 37‑6 low NOx, 34‑16
analysis, 87‑39 Bromine, 26‑22 staged-air, 34‑21
point, 87‑39 Brush barrier, 80‑11 ultra-low NOx, 34‑16
quality (fig), 87‑39 Btu, 13‑1, A-1 Burning
Breakaway, 75‑14 Bubbling bed FBC, 34‑10 mass, 31‑10
base, 75‑14 Bucket, inverted, steam trap, 16‑15 rate, 31‑10
pole, 75‑14 Buckingham pi-theorem, 1‑9 Burn-off, stud, 64‑4
Breaker Buckling, 45‑3 Burnout velocity, 72‑21
80% rated circuit, 84‑10 beam, 44‑20 Bus equivalent, 73‑8
100% rated circuit, 84‑10 coefficient, web plate, 63‑2 Business
circuit, 84‑9 elastic, 61‑4 group, 83‑2
standard circuit, 84‑10 Euler, 61‑2 property (ftn), 87‑21
Breaking flexural, 61‑2 Butte, G‑4
chain, G‑4 inelastic, 61‑4 Butterfly valve, 16‑13
strength, 43‑3 lateral, 44‑20 valve (tbl), 17‑14
Breakpoint, 28‑14, 34‑3 lateral torsional, 59‑3 Buttress, 37‑1
chlorination, 26-21, 28‑14, G-4 load, 53‑5, 61‑2 wall, 37‑1
Breakthrough, 26-14, 29‑14, 34‑3 load theory, 61‑2 BWG tubing dimensions, A‑54
Breathing apparatus, 83‑6 local, 44‑20, 59‑17, 61‑2, 61‑6 By-product, disinfection, 25‑10, 25‑11
Breeze, 24‑6 local (fig), 59‑17
Brick, 67‑2 modification factor, lateral torsional, C
building, 67‑2 59‑4 C
face, 67‑3 stress, 61‑3 -Bourdon gauge, 15‑2
hollow, 67‑3 torsional, 61‑2 -chart, 11‑17
Bridge vertical, 44‑20 -coefficient, runoff, A‑90
bascule, 57‑4 Budgeting, 86‑2, 86‑5 corporation, 88‑3
beam tensile zone (fig), 56‑8 parametric, 86‑6 C3 building code, 82‑1
concrete deck system, 51‑8 system, 86‑5 C330 aggregate, ASTM, 48‑8
connector, material, 58‑4 Buffer, 22‑13 Cab, operator’s, 83‑10
constant, 85‑11 space, 73‑34 Cabinet projection, 2‑3
Cable, 41‑20 ideal, 73‑5 Cash

aircraft, 45‑23 infiltration, 21‑10 flow, 87‑3
carrying concentrated load, 41‑17 intersection, 73‑16 flow analysis, 87‑9
catenary, 41‑20 landfill, 31‑2 flow, beginning of year (fig), 87‑11
catenary (fig), 41‑20 maximum, 73‑7 flow diagram, 87‑3
concentrated load (fig), 41‑18 maximum, traffic, 73‑7 flow diagram (fig), 87‑11
distributed load, 41‑19 moment, 50‑9 flow, (discounting) factor, 87‑6
distributed load (fig), 41‑20 pedestrian, 73‑23 flow, exponential gradient series, 87‑4
end, 41‑21 pile group, 38‑5 flow, exponentially decreasing, 87‑27
hoisting, 45‑22 point, 38‑2 flow factor, 87-6, A‑194, A‑195
ideal, 41‑17 pull-out, 38‑5 flow, gradient series, 87‑4
parabolic, 41‑18 reduction factor, 45‑2, 50‑4 flow, missing part (fig), 87‑10
parabolic (fig), 41‑18 sewer, 28‑5 flow, phantom (ftn), 87‑4
symmetrical, asymmetrical segment shaft, 38‑3 flow, single payment, 87‑4
(fig), 41‑21 shear, vertical stirrup (fig), 50‑22 flow, standard (fig), 87‑4
tension, 72‑13 skin friction, 38‑3 flow, stepped, 87‑10
tension, accelerating suspended mass, specific, 21‑4 flow, superposition of, 87‑10
72‑13 struck, 80‑9 flow, uniform series, 87‑4
tension, suspended mass (fig), 72‑14 tensile, pile, 38‑5 system, 87‑35
CaCO3 equivalent, 22‑22, A-94 Capillarity, 14-13 Cast
Cadmium Capillary iron, A‑129
selenide, 85‑5 action, 14‑13 -iron pipe, 16‑11, 26-26, 28‑4, A-49
sulfide, 85‑5 water, G‑4 -iron pipe dimensions, A‑49
Caisson, G‑4 Capital recovery method, 87‑16 Catabolic, 27‑9
INDEX-C
Cake Capitalized Catabolism, G‑4
filter, 30‑22 cost, 87‑7, 87‑15 Catalyst, 22‑14
sludge, 30‑19 cost method, 87‑15 Catalytic
Calcite, 26‑19 Capitalizing the asset, 87‑21 cracking, 24‑2
Calcium Capture, particle, 32‑8 reduction, selective, 34‑20
carbonate equivalents, A‑94 Car resistance, railroad, 75‑5 Categorization, microbe, 27‑6
hardness, 25‑4 Carbamate, 32‑13 Category
Calculation back, 76‑17 Carbamate urea, 32‑10 exposure, 48‑10
Calculus, fundamental theorem of, 9‑4 Carbinol (tbl), 23‑1 severity, 75‑11
Calibration, 85‑2, 85‑7 Carbohydrate, 28‑15 Catena, G‑4
constants, thermocouple, A‑192 Carbohydrate (tbl), 23‑3 Catenary, 41‑20
factor, 75‑17 Carbon cable, 41‑20
single-point, 85‑2 activated, 34‑3 parameter, 41‑20
California adsorption, 29‑14 Caternary cable (fig), 41‑20
bearing ratio, 76‑21, 77‑7 dioxide, emission, 32‑5 Cathodic protection, 48‑11
bearing ratio test, 35‑30 dioxide, in leachate, 31‑9 Cation, 25‑1, G-4
kneading compactor, 76‑14 dioxide, in water, 26‑16 Cauchy
Callendar-Van Dusen equation, 85‑6 dioxide, properties (tbl), 31‑6 equation, 10‑5
Calming traffic, 73‑28 dioxide (tbl), 31‑6 number (tbl), 1‑10
Calorimeter, bomb, 24‑15 -fiber-reinforced concrete, 48‑7 -Schwartz theorem, 5‑3
Calvert model, venturi scrubber, 34‑19 fixed, 24‑5 Cause, driver overload (tbl), 75‑10
Calvert’s constant, 34‑19 granular activated, 26-15, 29‑14, 34‑3 Caustic
Camber, 56‑5 monoxide, emission, 32‑5 embrittlement, 22‑21
Camp formula, 29‑6 powdered activated, 29‑14 phosphate treatment, 22‑26
Camp’s correction, 19‑5 steel, 58‑1 Cavalier projection, 2‑3
Canon, 89‑1 Carbonaceous Caveat emptor, 88‑7
Canonical form, row, 4‑2 bacteria, 28‑10 Cavitation, 18‑15, 18‑17
Cant, 79‑11 demand, G‑4 coefficient, 18‑17
Cantilever Carbonate corrosion, 22‑21
bulkhead, 39‑5 hardness, 22‑23, 25‑4, 26‑16, G-4 number, critical, 18‑17
footing, 36‑2 hardness (ftn), 22‑23 preventing, 18‑17
retaining wall, 37‑2, 54-3 hardness removal, 26‑16 CBR, 35‑30
wall, 37‑2, 39‑5 reaction with alkali, 48‑2 load (tbl), 35‑31
Cap Carbonic CBR (fig), 77‑6
landfill, 31‑4 acid, 22‑22, 22‑25, 25‑2, 31-9 CD test, 35‑28
mushroom, 83‑7 acid (ftn), 34‑24 Cell, 31‑2
Capacitance, 84‑6 Carbonyl (tbl), 23‑1 bending beam load, 85‑13
Capacitive reactance, 84‑5, 84‑6 Carboxylic acid (tbl), 23‑2 gram-negative, 27‑2
Capacitor, 84‑5, 84‑6 Carcinogen, G‑4 height, 31‑2
Capacity, 73‑16 Card, indicator, 85‑15 membrane, 27‑1
bearing, 36‑1 Cardano’s formula, 3‑4 photovoltaic, 85‑5
bearing, allowable, 36‑2 Carrier, G‑4 shear beam load, 85‑13
bearing, clay, 36‑5 frequency, 85‑4 structural, 41‑13
bearing, gross, 36‑3 slurry, 17‑12 structure, 27‑1
bearing, net, 36‑4 Carrying capacity, 27‑4 transport, 27‑2
bearing, rock, 36‑8 Carryover factor, 47‑14 wall, G‑4
bearing, sand, 36‑7 Cartesian yield, 30‑14
bearing, ultimate, 36‑3 coordinate system, 7‑3 Cellular biology, 27‑1
brimful, 80‑9 equation form (ftn), 3‑2 Cement
carrying, 27‑4 triad, 5‑2 asbestos pipe, 16‑11
design, 38‑2 unit vector, 5‑2 asphalt, 76‑2
design, traffic, 73‑5 unit vector (fig), 5‑2 bentonite, 40‑10
earth-handling equipment, 80‑9 Carver-Greenfield process, 30‑22 bentonite slurry trench, 40‑10
excess, 87‑33 Casagrande method, 35‑25 factor, 49‑2
field, 31‑7 Cascade impactor, G‑4 low-alkali, 48‑2
heaping, 80‑9 Case, Westergaard, 40‑2 portland, 48‑1
heat, 13‑4 Cased hole, G‑4 properties, 49‑1
shrinkage-compensating, 48‑2 Chamber the box taxation (ftn), 88‑3

soil, 48‑8 diversion, 29‑14 valve, 16‑13
-treated base, 48‑8, G-4 filter, 32‑15 Chelant, 22‑26
type-K, 48‑2 grit, 29‑5 Chelant (ftn), 26‑21, 34-20
Cementing material requirement, concrete surge, 17‑41, 18‑26 Chelate, G‑4
(tbl), 77‑4 Change Chelate (ftn), 34‑20
Cementitious material, 48‑1 air, G‑1 Chelating agent, 34‑20
Center, 7‑2 average, 11‑16 Chelating agent (ftn), 26‑21
-entry mixer, 76‑6 cordon, 73‑29 Chelation, G‑4
instant, 71‑13 order, 86‑16 Chelator (ftn), 26‑21
instantaneous, 71‑13 Channel Chemical
of buoyancy, 15‑18 erodible, 19‑28 application point, water treatment
of force, 72‑21 nonrectangular, 19‑19 (fig), 26‑3
of gravity, 9-6, 70‑1 open, 19‑2 atomic weight, 22‑2
of mass, 70‑1 rectangular, 19‑7, 19‑9, 19‑19 class, 23‑1
of pressure, 15‑5, 15‑10, 41-5 routing, 20‑24 concentration, 22‑11
of pressure, shapes (fig), 15‑10 steel, 61‑2 equations, balancing, 22‑7
of rotation, 66‑8 transition, 19‑17 equilibrium, 22‑13
of rotation method, instantaneous, 65‑6 trapezoidal, 19‑7, 19‑9, 19‑10 flocculation, 29‑8
of twist, 45‑18 triangular, 19‑7 formula, 22‑4
of vision, 2‑3 Channeling, 34‑21 hazard, 83‑4
-radius form, 7‑10 pavement, 76‑4 loading, 34‑24
shear, 45‑18, 59‑15 Channelization, 20‑24, G-4 names and formulas, A‑98
torsional, 45‑18 device, 73‑32 oxygen demand, 28‑13
INDEX-C
Centerline velocity, 16‑9 taper, 73‑33 precipitation, G‑4

Centipoise, 14‑8 Chaos theory (ftn), 85‑3 reaction, 22‑7
Centistoke, 14‑9 Chaotic error, 85‑2 scrubbing, 34‑18
Central Char, 24‑6 sedimentary rock, 35‑33
angle, curve, 79‑2 Characteristic sedimentation basin, 29‑8
force field, 72‑21 dimension, 16‑7 used in water treatment, A‑115
impact, 72‑19 equation, 4‑8, 10‑1 Chemically active bed, 34‑12
limit theorem, 11‑15 flocculator-clarifier (tbl), 26‑13 Chemistry
oblique impact (fig), 72‑19 length, 19‑19 coefficient, 49‑9
tendency, 11‑12 log, 3‑5 inorganic, 23‑1
view, 2‑2 of gasoline, 32‑8 organic, 23‑1
Centrate, 30‑20 polishing, 76‑4 Chemocline, G‑5
Centrifugal polynomial, 4‑8 Chemoheterotroph, 27‑6
factor, 79‑8 pump, 18‑2, 18‑13 Chemotroph, 27‑6
force, 72‑5 scale, 19‑19 Chert, 35‑33
pump, 18‑2, 18‑4 specific feed, 34‑12 Chezy
pump, partial emission, forced vortex value, 4‑8 coefficient, 19‑3
(ftn), 18‑14 valve, 16‑14 equation, 19‑3
pump, suction side, 18‑2 vector, 4‑8 -Manning equation, 19‑4
pump (fig), 18‑4 Characteristics Chi
pump characteristic curve (fig), 18‑18 activated sludge plant, 30‑2, 30‑6 -squared degree of freedom, 11‑8
pump efficiency curve (fig), 18‑10 aeration, 30‑2 -squared distribution, 11‑8, A-15
ratio, unbalanced, 79‑8 aerobic digester, 30‑17 -squared statistic, 11‑8
Centrifugation, 30‑19 anaerobic digester, 30‑19 -squared test, 75‑12
Centrifuge, 30‑20 final clarifier, 30‑6 Chloramination, 26‑22
kerosene equivalent, 76‑14 municipal solid waste, 31‑10 Chloramine, 25‑10, 28-14, G-5
Centripetal municipal solid waste (tbl), 31‑2 Chlordane, 32‑13
acceleration (ftn), 15‑21 rotating biological contactor, 29‑12 Chlorinated
force, 72‑5 sedimentation basin, 29‑7 organic, 32‑13
force (fig), 72‑5 sludge, 30‑14 pesticide, 32‑13
Centroid, 9-6, 42‑1, A-127 wastewater, 28‑6 polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe, A‑43
of a line, 42‑3 Charcoal, activated, 34‑3 Chlorination, 26-21, 28‑14, 32‑7
of an area, 42‑1 Charge alternatives, 25‑11
of volume, 70‑1 electric, 84‑2 breakpoint, 26‑21, G-4
plastic, 52‑6 equilibrium, 34‑9 contact tank, 29‑14
weld group, A‑139 number, 22‑3, 22‑4 pretreatment, 26‑3
Centroidal number (tbl), 22‑4 split, G‑15
mass moment of inertia, 70‑2 Charpy test, 43‑15 targeted, 32‑7
moment of inertia, 42‑4 Chart wastewater, 29‑14
Century storm, 20‑5 alignment, column, 53‑3 Chlorinator, flow-pacing, 29‑14
Ceramic ferrule, 64‑4 alignment, column (fig), 61‑4 Chlorine, 26‑21, 32-7
Cesspool, 29‑2 bar, 86‑10 alternatives, 29‑14
Cetane number, 24‑7 c-, 11‑17 demand, 28‑14, G-5
CFR, G‑4 Cox, 14‑11 dioxide, 26‑22
CFSTR, 30‑7 Gantt, 86‑10 dose, 26‑21, 28-14
cgs system, 1‑4, 1‑5 influence, 40‑2 dose, well, 21‑5
Chain Moody friction factor, 17‑7 in pesticide, 32‑13
add, 78‑8 Newmark, 40‑2 in water, 25‑10
breaking, G‑4 p-, 11‑17 total residual, 32‑7, 34‑8
cut, 78‑8 particle size distribution, 35‑4 Chlorofluorocarbon, 32‑5, 32‑6
engineer’s, 78‑8 R-control, 11‑17 Chloroplast, 27‑2
Gunter’s, 78‑8 sigma, 11‑17 Chlorothalonil, 32‑13
surveyor’s, 78‑8 Taylor, slope stability, 40‑8 Chlorpyrifos, 32‑13
Chair, 50‑2 Chat, G‑4 Choke, 19‑22
Chalk, 35‑33 Check, G‑4 Choked flow, 19‑22
Challenger, 87‑19 dam, 80‑11 Chord, 17-42, 41‑13, 61‑1
erosion, 80‑11 basis, 79‑3
distance, 79‑4 soil, Unified, 35‑4 property (tbl), 24‑5

length, 17‑42 soil, Unified (tbl), 35‑6 run-of-mine, 24‑5
modulus, masonry, 67‑5 soil, USCS, 35‑4 substitution/blending, 32‑16
offset, 79‑6 soil, USCS (tbl), 35‑6 tar epoxy, 16‑12
offset (fig), 79‑6 Classified label, 82‑3 technology, clean, 24‑5
Chronic hazard, 83‑6 Clastic sedimentary rock, 35‑33 upgrading, 24‑5
Churchill formula, 28‑8 Clause, boilerplate, 88‑4 Coarse
Churn, 18‑18 Clausius-Clapeyron equation (ftn), 14‑11 aggregate, 48‑2, 76-3
Cilia, 27‑8 Clay, 35‑4 aggregate, bulk volume (tbl), 77‑5
Ciliate, 27‑8 bearing capacity, 36‑5 aggregate, PCC, 77‑2
Cipoletti weir, 19‑14 bentonite, 40‑10 aggregate, properties, 49‑1
Circle, 7‑10, A-8 braced cut, 39‑2 screen, wastewater, 29‑5
degenerate, 7‑10 cap, 31‑4 Coat
formula, A‑8 cohesion, 35‑27, 38‑3 prime, G‑13
Mohr’s, 42‑9, 44‑7 consistency, 35‑22 seal, G‑14
segment, A‑8 consolidation curve (fig), 40‑4 tack, G‑16
unit, 6‑1 cut in soft (fig), 39‑3 Coating
Circuit cut in stiff (fig), 39‑3 asphaltic, 16‑12
breaker, sizing, 84‑9 formation, 35‑33 bituminous, 16‑12
potentiometer (ftn), 85‑3 heave, 39‑3 pipe, 16‑12
Circular liner, 31‑4 tar, 16‑12
beam, 50‑22 overconsolidated, 40‑4 COD, 28‑13
blade pitch, 18‑5 overconsolidated (fig), 40‑4 Code, building, 58‑5
channel, critical depth, A‑85 pipe, vitrified, 16‑11, 28-4 adjunct, 82‑2
INDEX-C
channel ratio (tbl), 19‑6 raft on, 36‑10, 36‑11 building, 82‑1, 82‑2
channel ratios, A‑84 sensitivity, 35‑30 model, 82‑1
curve, 79‑2 slope stability, 40‑8 National Electrical, 84‑9
member, 50‑22 varved, 40‑4 of ethics, 89‑1
mil, 84‑2, A-4 versus sand, 36‑2 of Federal Regulations, 83‑1
motion, 71‑7 Clean coal technology, 24‑5 Coding, 75‑11
permutation, 5‑5 Cleaning, coal, 24‑5 Coefficient
pipe ratios, A‑34, A‑84 Clean-out, G‑5 absorption, 31‑9
pipes, hydraulic element, A‑34 Cleanup ACI, shear, 47‑20
shaft, design, 45‑15 advanced flue gas, 34‑4 active earth pressure, 37‑3
transcendental function, 6‑2 flue gas, 32‑2 air resistance, 75‑3
Circulating Clear distance, 50‑8 binomial, 11‑2, 11‑5
fluidized-bed boiler, 34‑11 Clear zone, 75‑14 BPTSF estimation (tbl), 73‑15
fluidized-bed boiler design, 34‑11 Clearance, G‑5 cavitation, 18‑17
Circulation, 8-8, 17‑43 period, all-red, 73‑22 chemistry, 49‑9
area, pedestrian, 73‑19 Clearwell, 26‑14 Chezy, 19‑3
Circumferential Client, dealing with, 89‑2 conductivity, 35‑24
strain, 45‑7 Clinker, 24‑3 constant, 10‑1, 10‑2, 10‑3
stress, 45‑5, 45‑6 Clinographic projection, 2‑3 Coriolis, 19‑29
Cis form, 3‑9 Close-sheeting, 39‑1 correlation, 11‑18
Civil Closed discharge, venturi, 17‑32
complaint, 88‑7 box, 45‑17 distribution, G‑6
tort (ftn), 88‑7 traverse, 78‑14 drag, 17‑44
CJP weld, 66‑2, 66‑9 -loop recovery system, 34‑4 drag, cars, 17‑44
Clam, 27‑8 Closely held corporation, 88‑2 drainage, 31-7, 76‑22, 77‑7
Clarification, 29‑7 Closure earth pressure, 37‑5
zone, 30‑15 in departure, 78‑15 end condition, 61‑3
Clarifier in latitude, 78‑15 end restraint, 45‑3
chemical, 29‑8 traverse, 78‑15 end restraint (tbl), 45‑3
final, 29‑13, 30‑3 traverse (fig), 78‑16 endogenous decay, 28‑7, 30‑8
-flocculator, 26‑13 Cloth filter, 40‑11, 80-12 film, 30‑18
grit, 29‑5 Cloud point, 24‑7 flexibility, 47‑9
intermediate, 29‑13 Cloverleaf friction, 65‑3
plain sedimentation, 29‑7 full, 73‑25 friction, dynamic, 75‑6
secondary, 29‑13 interchange, 73‑25 gas absorption (tbl), 31‑9
Class, G‑5 Cluster half-velocity, 28‑7
I highway, 73‑13 information, 81‑1 Hazen uniformity, 35‑2
II highway, 73‑13 stake, 81‑1 Horton, 19‑14
III two-lane highway, 73‑13 CMP, 16‑12 layer, 76‑22
A surface, 65‑3 CMP (tbl), A‑82 linear expansion, 44‑4
asset, 87‑21 Co-firing, 31‑10 linear thermal expansion (tbl), 44‑4
B surface, 65‑3 CO2, ultimate, 24‑13 load transfer, 77‑7
C fly ash, 77‑13 Coagulant, 26‑8, 29-8 loss, 17‑13, 17‑15
construction, 82‑7 dose, 26‑9 loss (tbl), 17‑14
F fly ash, 77‑13 Coagulation, 29‑8 Manning roughness, 19‑4, A-82
limit, 11‑11 Coal, 24‑4 mass-transfer, 34‑22
occupancy, 82‑6 anthracite, 24‑5 matrix, 4‑6
pipe, 16‑12 ash, 24‑4 maximum specific growth rate, 28‑7
property, bolt, 45‑10 bituminous, 24‑5 maximum yield, 28‑7
survey, 78‑5 blending, 32‑8 method of loss, 17‑13
Classical adjoint, 4‑5 cleaning, 24‑5 method of undetermined, 10‑4
Classification dry ultra-fine, 32‑8 minor entrance loss (tbl), 19‑30
culvert flow, 19‑31 formation, 35‑33 neutral stress, 21‑9
culvert flow (fig), 19‑31 lignite, 24‑5 nozzle, 18‑24
industry (ftn), 83‑2 lump, 24‑5 of absorption, 22‑10
soil, 35‑4, 83-3 micronized (ftn), 24‑5 of compressibility, 14‑14, 40-5
soil, AASHTO, 35‑4, 35‑5 nut, 24‑5 of consolidation, 40‑5
ofcontraction, 17‑18, 17‑32 Cohesionless soil, 37‑2 residual, 25‑10, G-5

ofcreep, 56‑3 Cohesive soil, 37‑2 residual, available, 28‑14
ofcurvature, soil, 35‑3 Coke, 24‑6 residual, unavailable, 28‑14
ofdischarge, 17‑19, 17‑32 -oven gas (ftn), 24‑8 sewer overflow, 29‑14
ofdrag, 17‑44 Cold sewer system, 28‑2
ofearth pressure at rest, 37‑5 cracking pavement, 76‑4 shear ant tension connection (fig), 65‑7
ofexpansion, thermal (ftn), 14‑14 flow, 43‑17 stress, 44‑5
offlow, 17‑32 in-place recycling, 76‑29 stress (fig), 44‑6
offriction, 72‑6, 72‑7, 75‑6 planing, 76‑29 system, G‑5
offriction, static, 15‑12 train, 76‑29 Combining weight, 22‑6
offriction, tire, 75‑6 weather, 49‑6 Combustible
offriction, typical (tbl), 72‑7 -weather concrete, 49‑6 analysis, 24‑2
ofgradation, 35‑3 Colding equation, 31‑7 loss, 24‑17
ofheat transfer, overall, 30‑19 Colebrook equation, 17‑6 Combustion
oflateral earth pressure, 38‑3 Coli, Escherichieae, G‑7 atmospheric fluidized-bed, 24‑6
oflift, 17‑42 Coliform, 27‑9, G-5 chamber, primary, 34‑13
ofliquid mass transfer, 34‑22 fecal, 27‑9, G-7 chamber, secondary, 34‑13
ofpassive earth pressure, 37‑5 Collapsing pressure (ftn), 45‑5 complete, 24‑13
ofpermeability, 21‑2 Collection data (tbl), 24‑11
ofrestitution, 72‑18 efficiency, 26‑6, 26‑8 efficiency, 24‑17
ofroad adhesion, 75‑6 efficiency, baghouse, 34‑6 fluidized-bed, 24‑5
ofrolling friction, 72‑8 efficiency, ESP, 34‑9 heat equivalents, A‑105
ofrolling resistance, 72‑8 efficiency, generic collector, 34‑19 heat of, 24‑15, A-105
ofsecondary consolidation, 40‑6 efficiency, venturi scrubber, 34‑19 incomplete, 24‑12
INDEX-C
ofskidding friction (tbl), 75‑6 Collector, 28‑3 loss, 24‑17

ofthe instrument, 17‑30 data, 78‑5 pressurized fluidized-bed, 24‑6
ofthermal expansion, piping (tbl), road, 73‑3 product, incomplete, 34‑14
34‑17 sewer, 28‑3 reaction, 24‑9, 24‑10
of thermal resistance, 85‑7 Collinear, 7‑2 reaction, ideal (tbl), 24‑9
of transformation, 5‑3 force system, 41‑6 staged, 34‑21
of transmissivity, 21‑3 Collision, 72‑18, 75‑16 stoichiometric, 24‑10
of uniformity, 21‑6 diagram, 75‑12, 75‑19 temperature, 24‑16
of variation, 11‑14 diagram (fig), 75‑19 Combustor
of velocity, 17‑18, 17‑31, 18‑24 Colloid, 34‑24, G-5 bubbling-bed, 34‑10
of viscosity, 14‑7 Colloidal material, 14‑8 fluidized-bed, 34‑10
of viscous damping, 72‑20 Color in water, 25‑9 fluidized-bed (fig), 34‑10
orifice (tbl), 17‑19 Column, 45‑3 Comfort, curve length, 79‑18
oxygen saturation, 30‑9 alignment chart, 53‑3 Comity, 90‑2
partition, 27‑2, G-12 alignment chart (fig), 61‑4 Comminutor, 29‑7, G-5
pipe, 16‑9 analysis, 61‑5 Common
roughness, 17‑9 base plate, 61‑10 bolt, 65‑1
saturation, 67‑5 base plate (fig), 61‑11 borrow, 80‑2
shear, ACI, 47‑20 braced, 45‑3, 53‑2, 53‑5 curvature, point of, 79‑7
skin friction, 17‑47, 38-3 concrete, 52‑2 excavation, 80‑2
skin friction (ftn), 17‑5 concrete pressure on, 49‑8 ion effect, 22‑14
slip, 65‑3 design, 61‑5 logarithm, 3‑5
smoothing, 87‑44 design strength, 52‑4 ratio, 3‑12
solubility, 22‑10 eccentricity, 52‑3, 52‑7 size financial statement (ftn), 87‑35
spillway, 19‑14 eccentricity, minimum, 69‑3 Communication factor, 26‑25
stability, 53‑3 effective length, 53‑3 Commutative
steel rainfall, 20‑6 end coefficient, 45‑3 law, addition, 3‑2, 4-4
storage, 21‑3 footing, 36‑2, 55-3 law, multiplication, 3‑2
strength, 43‑6, 76-22 ideal, 61‑2 set, law, 11‑2
thermal expansion, 44‑4 interaction diagrams, A-151, A-152, Compact
torque, 45‑15 A-153, A-154, A-155, A-156, A-157, beam, 59‑3
unit weight, 49‑9 A-158, A-159, A-160, A-161, A-162, section, 59‑3, 61‑7
valve flow, 17‑15 A-163, A-164, A-165, A-175, A-176, Compacted
viscous, 72‑20 A-177, A-178, A-179, A-180 cubic yard, 80‑1
volumetric expansion, 44‑4 intermediate, 45‑4, 61‑4 -measure, 80‑1
web plate buckling, 63‑2 laced (ftn), 61‑2 Compaction, G‑5
yield, 27‑12, 30‑8, 30‑14 latticed (ftn), 61‑2 equipment (fig), 35‑19
Cofactor long, 52‑1, 53‑1, 61‑4 factor, 31‑2
expansion by, 4‑3 masonry, 69‑1 relative, 35‑18
matrix, 4‑1 matrix, 4‑1 relative, suggested, 35‑20
of entry, 4‑2 rank (ftn), 4‑5 Compactness, 59‑3
Cofferdam, 39‑6 short, 52‑1 Compactor
cellular, 39‑6 slender, 45‑3 gyratory, Superpave, 76‑16
double-wall, 39‑6 spiral, 52‑2 kneading, 76‑14
liner-plate, 39‑9 spiral wire, 52‑3 Company health, 87‑36
single-wall, 39‑7 steel, 61‑1 Comparative
vertical-lagging, 39‑9 strip, slab, 51‑6 analysis, 87‑17
Cogener, 22‑2 strip moment distribution (tbl), 51‑7 negligence, 88‑6
Coherent unit system (ftn), 1‑2 tied, 52‑2 Comparison
Cohesiometer, Hveem, 76‑15 unbraced, 53‑2, 53‑5 alternative, 87‑4
Cohesion, 35‑26, 43-8 Combination, 11‑2 test, 3‑13
clay, 35‑27 air valve, 16‑15 Compartment, water quality, 32‑15
gravel, 35‑27 direct, 22‑7 Compass rule, 78‑15
intercept, 35‑26 section, compression, 61‑7 Compatibility method, 46‑2
sand, 35‑27 Combined Compensation
soil, 35‑26 ash, 32‑5 footing, 36‑10
Cohesion (ftn), 14‑13 footing, 36‑2 level, G‑5
Compensatory organic, 23‑1 all-lightweight, 48‑7, 48‑8

damages, 88‑8 organic, family, 23‑3 asphalt, 76‑2, 76‑9, 76‑11
fraud, 88‑6 properties, A‑115 asphalt, mixture, 76‑4
Competent ternary, 22‑4 barrier, highway, 75‑14
person, OSHA, crane, 83‑11 tertiary, 22‑4 beam, deflection, 50‑16, 50‑17
person, OSHA, excavation, 83‑4 volatile, organic, 28‑15, 32-17, G‑17 beam, doubly reinforced, 50‑24
Competitive bidding, 89‑4 volatile, inorganic, 32‑17 beam, shear strength, 50‑22
Complaint, 88‑7 Compounding bituminous, 76‑11
civil, 88‑7 discrete (tbl), 87‑8 carbon-fiber-reinforced, 48‑7
Complement period, 87‑29 cold-weather, 49‑6
set, 11‑1 Comprehensive Consensus Codes, 82‑1 column, 52‑2
set, law, 11‑2 Compressed soil pressure, 37‑2 column, long, 53‑1
Complementary Compressibility, 14‑1, 14‑14 components, properties, 49‑1
angle, 6‑2 adiabatic, 14‑14 components, properties (tbl), 49‑3
equation, 10‑1 coefficient of, 14‑14, 40-5 compressive strength, 48‑4
error function, 11‑9, A-17 factor (ftn), 14‑14 compressive strength (fig), 48‑5
error function values for positive x index, 35‑26 consolidation, 49‑6
values, A‑17 isentropic, 14‑14 cooling, 48‑5
probability, 11‑4 isothermal, 14‑14 corrosion, exposure category C, 48‑10
solution, 10‑4 Compressible fluid flow, 17‑34 cover, 50‑8, 50‑14
Complete Compression curing, 48‑5, 49‑6
combustion, 24‑13 adiabatic, 15‑14 cylinder pipe, prestressed, 16‑11
filtration, 26‑2 air, 30‑10 deck, empirical design, 51‑8
isothermal flow equation, 17‑11 -controlled section, 50‑5 deck, traditional design, 51‑9
INDEX-C
-mix aeration, 30‑3, 30‑7 -controlled strain limit, 50‑5 deck system, bridge, 51‑8
mixing, G‑5 index, 35‑25, 40‑4 density, 48‑4
mixing model, 26‑11 index, secondary, 40‑6 density (ftn), 15‑12
-penetration groove weld, 66‑2, 66‑9 isentropic, 30‑10 -disintegration cracking, 48‑2
Completion time, 86‑14 isothermal, 15‑13 durability, 49‑1
Complex line, virgin, 35‑25 fiber-reinforced, 48‑3, 48‑7
conjugate, 3‑9 member (fig), 61‑7 flowable, 48‑8
Golgi, 27‑2 member, steel, 61‑1 footing, 55‑1
matrix, 4‑1 polytropic, 15‑14 form, 49‑6
number, 3‑1, 3‑8 ratio, 40‑4 formwork, 49‑6
number operation, 3‑9 strength, concrete (tbl), 77‑3 full-depth asphalt concrete (fig), 76‑27
plane, 3‑8 strength, masonry, 67‑4 grout-bonded, 77‑14
power, 84‑7 wave speed, 17‑40 high-performance, 48‑7
Component zone, 30‑15 high-slump, 48‑3
alias (ftn), 9‑9 Compressive high-strength, 48‑7
key, 34‑22 development length, 55‑7 honeycomb, 49‑5
moment, 41‑4 failure (fig), 43‑9 hot mix asphaltic, 76‑2
of a vector, 5‑1 grout, 67‑6 hot-weather, 49‑6
Composite stiffened, unstiffened element (fig), ingredient proportions, typical (tbl),
action, 57‑2 61‑7 48‑1
action, bridge deck, 57‑4 strength, 43‑8 latex-modified, 77‑14
action, full, 64‑3 strength, concrete, 48‑4 lightweight, 48‑4, 48‑7, 48‑8
action, multi-wythe wall, 68‑15 strength, masonry, 67‑4 lightweight aggregate factor (tbl), 48‑6
action, partial, 64‑3 strength, steel column, 61‑4 masonry unit, 67‑1
beam, 64‑1 strength unconfined, 35‑30 member, composite, 57‑1
beam cross section (fig), 64‑1 Compressor efficiency, 30‑10 mixing, 49‑2, 49‑5
beam, deflection design model (fig), Concave, 7‑2 mixture, proportioning, 77‑2
64‑3 down curve, 7‑2 MMA, 48‑8
beam, design, 64‑4 up curve, 7‑2 modulus of elasticity (fig), 48‑6
beam, strength design model (fig), 64‑3 Concavity, 7‑2 modulus of rupture, 48‑6
concrete member, 57‑1 Concentrated nonvibration, 48‑8
construction, 64‑1 force, 41‑2 normalweight, 48‑4, 48‑7, 48‑8, G-5
grid deck, unfilled, 57‑4 force, plate girder, 63‑5 pavement (see also type), 77‑1
load, 57‑3 Concentration permeability, exposure category P,
pile, 38‑1 -cell corrosion, 22‑21 48‑10
spring constant, 45‑22 chemical species, 22‑11 pipe, 16‑11, 28-3, A-47
steel member, 64‑2 curve, 20‑7 pipe, prestressed, 16‑11
structure, 44‑21 geometric stress, 44‑5 pipe, reinforced, 16‑11
Compositing, wastewater, 28‑16 ionic, 22‑13 placing, 49‑5
Composition metal, 28‑16 plain, G‑5
atmospheric air, 30‑9 saturation, 22‑10 Poisson’s ratio, 48‑7
atmospheric air (tbl), 30‑9 stress, 44‑5 polymer, 48‑8, 77-14
biomass, 27‑11 stress, press-fit, 45‑9 post-tensioned, 56‑2
dry air (tbl), 24‑9 time of, 20‑3, G-16 pressure, lateral, 49‑8
percentage, 22‑6 volatile suspended solids, 30‑4 pressure on forms, 49‑8
Compost, 30‑22 Concentrator, rotor, 34‑4 prestressed, 56‑2
Compostable plastic, 32‑14 Concentric prestressed, AASHTO tensile stress
Composting connection, 65‑1 limit (tbl), 56‑8
in-vessel, 30‑22 connection, shear, 65‑4 pretensioned, 56‑2
sludge, 30‑22 cylinder viscometer, 14‑7 reinforced, beam, 50‑1
static pile, 30‑22 cylinder viscometer (ftn), 14‑7 reinforced, slab, 51‑1
Compound, 22‑4, G-5 loading, 44‑13 retarder, 49‑9
amount factor, 87‑5 shear connection, 65‑4 roller-compacted, 48‑8, 76-30
binary, 22‑4 tension connection, 66‑4 sand-lightweight, 48‑8
corrosion-resisting, 48‑4 Concrete, 48-1, A‑47, G‑5 section, doubly reinforced, 50‑25
curve, 79‑7 AASHTO compressive stress limit, segregation, 49‑5
interest, 87‑12 prestressing tendon (tbl), 56‑8 self-compactible, 48‑8
self-consolidating, 48‑8 complex, 3‑9 dielectric, 34‑9

self-placing, 48‑8 depth, 19‑25, 19‑28, G-5 dissociation, 22‑16
shear strength, 48‑7, 50‑21 Connate water, G‑5 elastic, 43‑9
shrinkage, compensating, 48‑2 Connection elastic relationship (tbl), 43‑9
shrinkage-compensating, 48‑2 bearing, 65‑3 equilibrium, 22‑15
slump, 49‑1 bolt, 45‑12 Euler’s, 9‑9
steel fiber-reinforced, 77‑14 bolted (fig), 65‑2 force, 72‑2
strength acceptance testing, 49‑1 concentric, 65‑4 force, work (fig), 13‑2
stress-strain curve (fig), 48‑5 concentric tension, 66‑4 formation, 22‑16
structural lightweight, G‑5 eccentric, 45‑19, 65‑1, 65‑6, 66‑5 gravitational, 1‑2, 72-21
sulfate, 48‑10 flexible, 65‑7 growth rate, 3‑12
sulfur, 76‑31 framing, 65‑7 Hazen-Williams, A‑55
sulfur-asphalt, 76‑31 fully restrained, 65‑7 -head test, 35‑23
sulfur-extended, 76‑31 moment-resisting, 65‑8 Henry’s law (tbl), 22‑10
test cylinder, 48‑4 moment-resisting framing (fig), 65‑8 ionization, 22‑16
tremie, 40‑11 nonconcentric tension, 66‑5 ionization (tbl), 22‑17
water pipe, 26‑26 partially restrained, 65‑7 Joule’s, 13‑1
workability, 49‑1 pinned, 60‑6 learning curve, 87‑45
Concurrent force system, 41‑6 plate, 60‑6 learning curve (tbl), 87‑45
Condemnation, G‑5 reduction value (tbl), 60‑3 logistic growth rate, 27‑4
inverse, G‑10 rigid framing, 65‑7 Manning, 19‑4
Condensate polishing, 22‑26 shear, 65‑4 Manning’s roughness, A‑82
Condenser, cooling water, 32‑7 simple framing, 65‑7 matrix, 4‑6
Condensing vapor, 34‑23 slip-critical, 65‑3 meter, 17‑31
INDEX-C
Condition tension, 65‑6 Newton’s gravitational, 72‑21

anoxic, 27‑6 type 1, 65‑7 Newton’s universal, 72‑21
antecedent moisture, 20‑18 type 2, 65‑7 of integration, 9‑1, 10‑1
antecedent runoff, 20‑18 type 3, 65‑7 percentage method, 87‑22
dry, 72‑7 Connector, 65‑1 reaction rate, 22‑14, 34-7
equilibrium, 41‑7 material, 58‑4 reaeration, 28‑8
factor, 74‑5 shear, 57‑2, 64‑2, 64‑4 reoxygenation, 28‑8
international standard metric, 24‑2 shear-stud, 64‑4 scaling (tbl), 34‑6
maximum moment (fig), 50‑9 steel, 58‑4 self-purification, 28‑12
natural gas, standard, 24‑2 stud, 64‑4 slope barrier, 75‑14
nonlubricated, 72‑7 Conscious order, 11‑2 spring, 44‑3, 45‑22
oily, 72‑7 ConsensusDOC (ftn), 88‑5 stability, 22‑16
standard, 14‑4, 24‑2 Consequential damages, 88‑8 storage, 21‑3
undersaturated, 73‑29 Conservation temperature variation, 28‑8
wet, 72‑7 energy, 16‑1 thermocouple, A‑192
Conditional of momentum, law, 17‑35, 72-3 thermoelectric, 85‑7
convergence, 3‑14 Consideration, 88‑3 time, 3‑12
probability, 11‑4 Consistency, 75‑11 torsional, 59‑4
probability of failure, 11‑9 clay, 35‑22 universal gas, 14‑11
Conditioner, sludge, 22‑26 concrete, 48‑4 value dollars, 87‑41
Conditioning, particle, 34‑9 Consistent warping, 59‑4
Conductance, 84‑3, 84‑6 deformation method, 44‑21, 46‑2, 47‑7 Constituent, principal organic hazardous,
Conductivity, 84‑3 system, 3‑7 34‑13
coefficient, 35‑24 unit system, 1‑2 Constrained
hydraulic, 21‑2 Consolidated cylinder, instantaneous center (fig),
water, 25‑12, 26‑20 clay, normally, 40‑4 72‑12
Conduit -drained test, 35‑28 motion, 72‑11
buried, 40‑9 normally, 35‑25 motion (fig), 72‑12
pressure, 16‑6 normally, curve, 40‑4 Construction
Cone soil, normally, G‑11 class coefficient, 26‑25
influence, 40‑2 -undrained test, 35‑28 contract (ftn), 88‑3
of depression, 21‑6, 80-12, G-5 volume method, 49‑2 cost, 86‑5
penetrometer test, 35‑17 Consolidation, 40‑3, G-5 joint, 77‑2, 77‑12
Confidence clay, 36‑2 joist, 50‑22
interval, 78‑2 coefficient of, 40‑5 lien, 88‑6
level, 11‑15 concrete, 49‑6 manager, 88‑5
level z-values, 11‑16 curve, 40‑4, G-5 sequencing, 86‑9
limit, 11‑16, 78-2 curve, clay (fig), 40‑4 shored, 57‑4
Configuration, weaving segment, 73‑27 degree of, 40‑6 slip-form, 77‑2
Confined parameters (fig), 40‑6 stake, 81‑1
aquifer, 21‑2 primary, 40‑4, 40‑5 time, 86‑8
compression test, 35‑24 rate, primary, 40‑5 unshored, 57‑4
space, 83‑6 secondary, 40‑4, 40‑6 Consulting engineer, 90‑1
water, G‑5 secondary, coefficient of, 40‑6 Consumer risk, 11‑15
Confinement term, 55‑6 test, 35‑24 Consumption, fuel, 75‑4
Confining stress, 35‑27 time factors, 40‑6 Contact
Confirmed test, G‑5 virgin, 35‑25 angle, 14‑13
Conflagration, G‑5 Constant stabilization, 30‑3
Congestion pricing, 73‑29 acid, 22‑16 tank, 30‑3
Congruency, 7‑3 acid dissociation, A‑103 tank, chlorinator, 29‑14
Conic section, 7‑9 base, 22‑16 unit, solid, 26‑13
Conical pile (fig), 80‑6 base dissociation, A‑104 Contactor, biological, rotating, 29‑12
Conjugate bridge, 85‑11 Containment
axis, 7‑12 Calvert’s, 34‑19 landfill, 31‑2
beam method, 44‑16, 47‑6 coefficient, 10‑1, 10‑2, 10‑3 multiple pipe, 34‑17
beam supports, 47‑6 deflection, 85‑13 wall, 40‑10
deoxygenation, 28‑8 Contaminant level, maximum, 25‑5, 28-16
Content Conventional crevice, 22‑21

moisture, 35‑7 aeration, 30‑3 erosion, 22‑21
water, 35‑7 filtration, 26‑2 exposure category C, concrete, 48‑10
Contingency cost, 86‑5 Convergence fatigue, 22‑21
Continuing curve, point of, 79‑7 absolute, 3‑14 fretting, 22‑21
Continuity equation, 17‑3 conditional, 3‑14 galvanic, 22‑20
Continuous tests for, 3‑13 intergranular, 22‑20
beam, 46‑2, 46‑5 Convergent -resisting compound, 48‑4
beam, portion (fig), 46‑5 sequence, 3‑11 stress, cracking, 22‑21
compounding, 87‑29 series, 3‑13 tendon, 56‑5
compounding, discount factor (tbl), Converging-diverging nozzle, 17‑31 two-metal, 22‑20
87‑29 Conversion Corrosive substance, 32‑2
distribution function, 11‑6 factor, A‑1 Corrugated
-flow stirred tank reactor, 30‑7 factor, SI, A‑4 metal pipe, 16‑12
plastic design, 59‑11 power (tbl), 13‑7 steel pipe, 16‑12
Continuously reinforced concrete viscosity, 14‑8 Corrugation, pavement, 76‑4
pavement, 77‑2 Convex, 7‑2 Cosecant, hyperbolic, 6‑5
Contour hull, 7‑2, 7‑3 Cosine
chart, Boussinesq, 40-2, A‑125, A‑126 Convexity, 7‑3 direction, 5‑2, 7‑5, 41-2
index, 78‑22 Conveyance, 19‑5, 19‑9 first law of, 6‑7
interval, 78‑22 factor, Espey, 20‑14 function, integral, 9‑9
line, 78‑22 factor, open channel, A‑86, A‑88 hyperbolic, 6‑5, 41-20
Contract, 88‑3 factor, trapezoidal channel, A‑86, A‑88 law of, 6‑6
agent, 88‑3 Conveyor, submerged scraper, 32‑5 second law of, 6‑7
INDEX-C
breach, 88‑7 Convolution, integral, 10‑7 versed, 6‑5
construction (ftn), 88‑3 Cooling Cost, 87‑7, 87‑33
discharge of, 88‑6 concrete, 48‑5 accounting, 87‑37
document (ftn), 88‑3 Newton’s law of, 10‑10 aeration, 30‑10
principal, 88‑3 tower, 32‑7 analysis, life-cycle, 86‑7
privity, 88‑7 tower blowdown, 32‑7 annual capital, 73‑28
requirements for, 88‑3 Coordinate, 71‑2 -benefit analysis, highway safety, 75‑20
standard, 88‑5 fluid stream, 17‑19 -benefit ratio, 87‑16
Contracta, vena, 17‑18 fluid stream (fig), 17‑19 building, 86‑5
Contracted weir, 19‑12 free body diagram, 41‑22 capitalized, 87‑7
Contraction, 17‑13, G-5 holonomic, 71‑2 construction, 86‑5
coefficient of, 17‑18, 17‑32 system, 7-3, 71‑2 contingency, 86‑5
joint, 77‑12 Coordination direct, 86‑9
nappe, 19‑12 project, 86‑15 effect of inflation, 86‑7
sudden, 17‑14 warrant, signalization, 73‑20 effect of location, 86‑7
Contractor, 88‑5 Coplanar, 7‑2 -effectiveness index, 75‑20
prime, 88‑5 force system, 41‑6 -effectiveness method, 75‑20
Contraflexure Copper, A‑129 electricity, 18‑10
point, 7-2, 44-18 IACS, 84‑2 equivalent uniform annual, 87‑16
point of, 8‑2 loss, 84‑18 estimating, 86‑3
Contrast sensitivity, 75‑10 pipe, 16‑11 excavation, 80‑9
Contributory tubing, 16‑11 financing, 86‑5
factor, bicyclist and pedestrian crash tubing dimensions, A‑53 fixed, 86‑9, 87‑33
(tbl), 75‑12 water tubing, dimensions, A‑52 fixed and variable (fig), 87‑33
factor, crash (tbl), 75‑11 Copperas, 26‑8 fixed and variable (tbl), 87‑33
factor, crash at intersection (tbl), 75‑12 Cordon charge, 73‑29 incremental, 87‑33
Control Core, 44‑13, 85-4 indirect, 86‑9
chart, 11‑17 loss, 84‑18 indirect material and labor, 87‑34
delay, 73‑15 wire rope, 45‑23 information, 86‑7
downstream, 19‑22 Coriolis life-cycle, 87‑20
erosion, 80‑10 acceleration, 71‑9 movable equipment, 86‑5
erosion, fabric, 80‑12 coefficient, 19‑29 of goods sold, 87‑38
inlet, 19‑29 Corner, meander, G‑10 of sales statement (ftn), 87‑35
joint, 77‑12 Cornering ratio, 79‑8 on, 86‑9
NOx, 24‑5 Corona operating, 86‑9
odor, 29‑3 back, 34‑9 operating and maintenance, 87‑33
of access, G‑5 current ratio, 34‑10 opportunity, 87‑19
on flow, 19‑22 power ratio, 34‑10 overhead, 86‑7
outlet, 19‑29 wire, 34‑8 plus fixed fee, 88‑5
pollution, 32‑1 Corporation, 88‑2 prime, 86‑9, 87‑34
SO2, 24‑5 C, 88‑3 professional services, 86‑5
station, 78‑7 closely held, 88‑2 road user, 73‑28
sub-task, 75‑9 professional, 88‑2 recovery period (ftn), 87‑40
upstream, 19‑22 S, 88‑3 research and development, 87‑34
zone, temporary traffic, 73‑32 subchapter C, 88‑3 semivariable, 87‑33
Controlled low-strength material, 48‑8 Correction site development, 86‑5
Controller factor, curved beam (tbl), 44‑21 standard, 87‑38
activated, 73‑21 overburden, 36‑8 standard factory, 87‑38
fixed-time, 73‑20 surveyor’s tape (tbl), 78‑8 sunk, 87‑3
multi-dial, 73‑20 Correlation -time trade-off, 86‑9, 86‑10
on-demand, 73‑21 coefficient, 11‑18 total, 87‑34
traffic-activated, 73‑21 Germain, 29‑12 variable, 86‑9, 87‑33
Convention Othmer, 14‑13 weighted, 87‑32
dust size, 32‑7 Schulze, 29‑12 weighted average, 87‑32
sign (fig), 44‑6 Corrosion, 22‑20 Costing matrix, 86‑6
year-end, 87‑3 cavitation, 22‑21 Cotangent, hyperbolic, 6‑5
concentration cell, 22‑21
Coulomb, 84‑2 contributory factor (tbl), 75‑11 slope, 19‑3, G-5

earth pressure theory, 37‑3, 37‑5 cost estimate, societal (tbl), 75‑20 speed, 73‑7
friction, 72‑6 cushion, 75‑13 speed, shaft, 26‑12
Coulomb’s equation, 35‑26 data, 75‑11, 75‑17 stress, 17‑13
Count, drag, 17‑44 estimation, 75‑17 stress, beam, 59‑8
Counterflexure point of, flexible bulkhead, experience warrant, signalization, 73‑20 use, halon, 32‑6
39‑5 factor, 75‑9 velocity, 19‑19, 26‑6, G-5
Counterflow mixer, 76‑7 factor, bicyclist, 75‑11 velocity, sludge, 18‑6
Counterfort wall, 37‑1 factor, intersection, 75‑10 volume-capacity ratio, 73‑16
Counterjib, 83‑10 factor, pedestrian, 75‑11 zone, 16‑8
Countermeasure, 75‑17 factor, roadway segment, 75‑10 Cross
highway safety, 75‑17 frequency, 75‑17 -beam deck, 46‑12
Counterweight, 83‑10 frequency (ftn), 75‑17 Hardy, Professor, 47‑14
Couple, 41‑4, 41‑10 frequency data (fig), 75‑19 product, 41‑3
moment, 41‑4 modification factor, 75‑17, 75‑18 product, triple, 5‑5
Couple (fig), 41‑4 rate, 75‑17 product, vector, 5‑4
Coupling rate (ftn), 75‑17 product, vector (fig), 5‑4
fair, 83‑8 severity, 75‑17 section, 80‑2
good, 83‑8 site condition, 75‑19 section (ftn), 2‑4
moment, 41‑4 time, 86‑10 section, beam, type, 50‑2
multiplier, 83‑8 type, 75‑16 section for seven-wire presetressing
poor, 83‑8 Crawl speed, 73‑4 tendon, typical (fig), 56‑5
Coupon rate, 87‑30 Credit, 87‑35 section, most efficient, 19‑9
Course, base, G‑3 investment, 87‑26 section, trapezoidal (fig), 19‑9
INDEX-C
Cover investment tax, 87‑26 slope, adverse, 79‑9

concrete, 50‑8, 50‑14 tax, 87‑26 Crosswalk, 73‑23
final, 31‑4 Creed, 89‑1 Crow’s
plate, 61‑2 Creep, 43‑17 foot, 81‑3
plate, perforated, 61‑2 coefficient of, 56‑3 foot, measurement, 81‑3
specified (tbl), 50‑8 loss, 56‑4 Crown, 79‑8
steel, 50‑8 modulus, plastic, 43‑12 runoff, 79‑9
type, 20‑18 pretension loss, 56‑3 Crown (ftn), 19‑29
Coversed primary, 43‑17 Crud, 22‑26, 26‑19
function, 6‑5 rate, 43‑17 Crud (ftn), 22‑26
sine, 6‑5 secondary, 43‑17 Crumb
Cox chart, 14‑11 stage (fig), 43‑17 -rubber asphalt, 76‑30
CPM, 86‑11 strain, 43‑17 -rubber modified asphalt, 76‑30
CPT value, 35‑17 strength, 43‑17 rubber modifier, 76‑30
CPVC test, 43‑17 Crushing strength, 40‑10
pipe, 16‑11, A-43 Crenothrix, 27‑6 Crustacean, 27‑4
pipe dimensions, A‑43 Crest Crusting agent, 32‑8
Crack curve, 79‑12, 79‑15 Crystallization, water of, 22‑6
alligator, 76‑4 curve, length, 79‑15, 79‑16, 79‑18 CSO, 29‑14
concrete-disintegration, 48‑2 dam, 15‑12 CSTR, 30‑7
reflection, 76‑6 Crevice CTB, 48‑8
shear, typical pattern (fig), 50‑21 corrosion, 22‑21 CU test, 35‑28
Cracked salt, 22‑25 Cube loaded in shear (fig), 43‑9
moment of inertia, 50‑15 Crippling, web, 59‑17, 59‑18 Cubic
moment of inertia (fig), 50‑16 Criteria yard, 80‑1
transformed moment of inertia, 50‑15 LOS performance, 73‑13 yard, bank, 80‑1
Cracking, 24‑2 pollutant, 32‑2 yard, compacted, 80‑1
calculation parameter (fig), 50‑15 Critical yard, loose, 80‑1
catalytic, 24‑2 activity, 86‑12 Cue
concrete beam, 50‑14 cavitation number, 18‑17 perceptual, 75‑10
concrete-disintegration, 48‑2 density, 73‑7 road message, 75‑10
hydrocarbon, 24‑2 depth, 19‑19, 38-2, A-85, G-5 Cuesta, G‑6
moment, 50‑16, 56‑10, 56‑11 depth, circular channel, A‑85 Culvert, 17‑21, 19‑29
pavement, 76‑4 distance, 17‑6 classification, 19‑30
serviceability, 50‑14 excavation height, 39‑3 design, 19‑34
shrinkage, 48‑2 factor, 74‑2 entrance loss, 17‑21
strength, 40‑10 fastener, 45‑19 flow classification, 19‑31
stress-corrosion, 58‑7 flow, 16‑8, 19‑19, G-5 flow classification (fig), 19‑31
thermal, 24‑2 flow, nonrectangular channel, 19‑19 pipe, 19‑29
Cramer’s rule, 3‑8, 4‑7 flow, occurrence, 19‑20 simple pipe (fig), 17‑21
Crandall gap, 73‑7 Cumulative
method, 78‑15 lane group, 73‑16 frequency table, 11‑11
rule, 78‑16 load, column, 45‑3 mass fraction curve, 26‑7
Crane movement, 73‑16 rainfall curve, 20‑2
bridge, 59‑17 net area, 60‑3 Cunette, G‑6
hydraulic truck, 83‑10 oxygen deficit, 28‑12 Cunningham
in motion chart, 83‑12 part, 65‑1 correction factor, 34‑9
load chart, 83‑11 path, 86‑9, 86‑12 slip factor, 34‑9
safety, 83‑11 path method, 86‑11 Cup-and-bob viscometer (ftn), 14‑7
tower, 83‑10 point, 28‑11, 8-2 Cup-and-cone failure, 43‑5
tower (fig), 83‑10 Reynolds number, 16‑8 Curb
use, safety, 83‑10 section location (fig), 50‑21 flare, 79‑5
Crash, 73‑29, 75‑16 section, one-way shear (fig), 55‑3 inlet, 28‑5
contributory factor, bicyclist and section, shear in wall footing (fig), 55‑2 Cure
pedestrian (tbl), 75‑12 section, two-way shear (fig), 55‑3 medium, asphalt, 76‑2
contributory factor, intersection (tbl), settling velocity, 26‑7 rapid, asphalt, 76‑2
75‑12 slenderness ratio, 45‑3, 61‑4
slow, asphalt, 76‑2 recession, 20‑7 D

speed, asphalt, 76‑2 recompression, 40‑4 D
Curing, G‑6 reloading, 35‑25, 43-8 -cracking, 48‑2
concrete, 48‑5, 49‑6 resistance, 75‑3, 75‑6 -factor, 73‑5
concrete cooling, 48‑5 S-, 27‑4 -load strength, 40‑10
moist, 48‑5 sag, 28-11, 79‑12, 79‑18 D’Alembert principle, 72‑6
process, 49‑6 S-N, 43‑10 D’Alembert’s paradox (ftn), 17‑3
Curl, 8‑7 spiral, 79‑20 Daily
Current spiral, maximum radius, 79‑22 compounding basis, 87‑29
asset, 87‑36 spiral (fig), 79‑20 traffic, average, 73‑5
circuit breaker, rated, 84‑9 stationing, 79‑3 Dalton’s law, 24‑15, 31-6
circuit breaker, trip, 84‑9 stress-strain (fig), 43‑3, 43‑4 Dam
clear the, 84‑9 system, 18‑18 flood control, 20‑23
divider, 84‑4 tail, 11‑7 force on, 15‑12
electrical, 84‑2 transition, 79‑20 gravity (ftn), 15‑12
electrical, effect on humans (tbl), 83‑7 trapezoidal loading, 41‑6 RCC, 48‑8
liability, 87‑36 unloading, 43‑8 spillway, 19‑14
meter, 17‑29 vertical, 79‑12 Dam (fig), 15‑12
protection, circuit breaker, 84‑9 vertical, obstruction (fig), 79‑15 Damage (see also type)
ratio, 87‑36 vertical, railway, 79‑23 frost, 76‑31
Curvature vertical, symmetrical parabolic (fig), hydrogen, 22‑21
coefficient of, soil, 35‑3 79‑13 scale, KABCO, 75‑17
earth, 78‑9 vertical, through point, 79‑14, 79‑15 value, relative fatigue, 76‑21
point of, 79‑4 vertical, unequal tangent, 79‑18 Damages, 88‑8
INDEX-D
Curvature (fig), 78‑10 vertical, unsymmetrical, 79‑18 compensatory, 88‑8
Curve, 7‑3 virgin, 40‑4 consequential, 88‑8
area under standard normal (tbl), A‑15 Wöhler, 43‑10 exemplary, 88‑8
backwater, G‑2 zero air voids, 35‑19 punitive, 88‑6
balanced, 72‑9 Curved special, 88‑8
beginning, 79‑4 beam (tbl), 44‑21 Damaging flood, 20‑6
bell-shaped, 11‑6 beam correction factor (tbl), 44‑21 Damper, pulsation (pump), 18‑3
bounded exponential growth, 27‑4 Cushion, crash, 75‑13 Damping, 87‑44
circular, 79‑2 Cut Dangerous section, 44‑12
compound, 79‑7 and fill, 80‑2 Darcian velocity, 21‑4
concave down, 7‑2 -and-sum method, 41‑16 Darcy, 21‑2
concave up, 7‑2 base of, 39‑2 equation, 17‑7, 17‑8
concentration, 20‑7 braced, 39‑1 flux, 21‑4
consolidation, 40‑4 braced, clay, 39‑2 friction factor, 17‑5, A-56
crest, 79‑12, 79‑15 braced, sand, 39‑2 friction factor (ftn), 17‑5
cumulative rainfall, 20‑2 chain, 78‑8 velocity, 21‑4
deflection angle (fig), 79‑4 in sand (fig), 39‑2 -Weisbach equation, 17‑7
degree, 7‑4 in soft clay (fig), 39‑3 Darcy’s law, 21‑3, 31-7, 35-23
degree of, 79‑2, 79‑3 in stiff clay (fig), 39‑3 DART rate, 83‑2
dissolved oxygen sag, 28‑11 -off wall, 40‑10 Data
drawdown, G‑6 -over (ftn), 87‑24 accident, 75‑17
easement, 79‑20 -over point (ftn), 87‑24 collector, 78‑5
elements, horizontal (fig), 79‑3 sectioning, 2‑4 crash, 75-11, 75-17
e-log p, 35‑24, 40‑4 size, 34‑8 crash frequency (fig), 75‑19
end of, 79‑4 Cutback asphalt, 76‑2 facility, 75‑17
Euler’s, 45‑3, 45‑4 Cutoff, roughness width, 2‑4 spot speed, 73‑5
even symmetry, 7‑4 Cutting hardness, 43‑15 traffic volume, 75‑17
flow, 35‑22, 43-6 Cyanazine, 32‑13 Date
graph, 7‑3 Cycle exam, 90‑3
highway, 79‑3 fixed-time, 73‑20 maturity, 87‑30
horizontal, 79‑2 freeze-thaw, 76‑17 Datum, 78‑8
horizontal, through point, 79‑6 hydrologic, 20‑2, G-9 Davis
horizontal, through point (fig), 79‑6 integrated gasification/combined, 24‑6 equation, 75‑5
IDF, 20‑6 length, 73‑18 equation, modified, 75‑5
intensity-duration-frequency, 20‑6 length, Greenshields, 73‑18 Daylight
layout, 79‑4 length, resonant, 73‑18 line, 81‑4
learning, 87‑44 length, Webster’s equation, 73‑18 stake, 81‑4
length, 79‑3 Cyclic Days
length, AASHTO required (tbl), 79‑16 strain (ftn), 43‑10 away rate, 83‑2
length, comfort, 79‑18 stress (ftn), 43‑10 supply of inventory on hand, 87‑37
length, crest curve, 79‑15, 79‑16, 79‑18 stress ratio, 40‑12 DBF, 20‑7
load-elongation, 43‑2 Cycloalkene (tbl), 23‑2 DBP, 25‑11
minimum radius, 79‑8 Cycloid, 7‑4 DC
number, NRCS, 20‑17 Cyclone, 34‑7 machine, 84‑17
number, runoff, 20‑19, 20‑20 impactor, G‑6 motors, A‑191
number, SCS, 20‑17 single, 34‑7 DDT, 32‑13
overconsolidated, 40‑4 Cylinder de Moivre’s theorem, 3‑9
parabolic, 79‑5, 79‑12 -operated pump, 18‑2 de Morgan’s set, law, 11‑2
performance, 18‑17 pipe, prestressed concrete, 16‑11 Dead
point of continuing, 79‑7 split testing procedure, concrete, 48‑6 load, 41‑5, G-6
power, 43‑6 thick-walled, 45‑6 load (ftn), 45‑2
preconsolidation, 40‑4 Cylindrical load pressure, 40‑9
pump, 18‑17 coordinate system (fig), 7‑3 -load factor, 74‑4
q-, G‑13 coordinate system (tbl), 7‑3 Deaeration, 28‑1
railway, 79‑3 Cypermethrin, 32‑13 Dealing
rating, G‑13 Cytoplasm, 27‑2 with client, 89‑2
rebound, 35‑25 Cytosol, 27‑2
with employer, 89‑2 instantaneous, 50‑16 concrete, 48‑4

with engineers, 89‑3 maximum allowable (tbl), 50‑19 concrete (ftn), 15‑12
with public, 89‑3 prestressed member, 56‑5 critical, traffic, 73‑7
with supplier, 89‑3 serviceability, 50‑16 drainage, G‑6
Death phase, 27‑4 slab, 51‑2 dry, 35‑8
Debit, 87‑35 steel beam, 59‑5 dry, maximum, 35‑18
Debt service, 86‑5 temperature test, 43‑12 equivalent fluid, 37‑10
Decay truss, 44‑18, 47‑5 ESP power, 34‑10
coefficient, endogenous, 30‑8 two-way slab, 51‑8 fluid, 14‑3
endogenous, 28‑7 voltage, 85‑11 function, 11‑4
exponential, 10‑10 Deflectometer falling weight, 76‑17 function, probability, 11‑4
half-life, 10‑10 Deformation gauge, nuclear, 35‑22
radioactive, 10‑10 consistent, method, 44‑21 index, 35‑8
rate, Velz, 29‑12 effect of, on internal forces (fig), 53‑2 jam, G‑10
weld, 22‑21 elastic, 44‑2, 46‑2 jam, traffic, 73‑7
Decelerated flow, 19‑23 linear, 47‑3 masonry (ftn), 15‑12
Deceleration braking, 75‑7 long-term, 50‑17 mass, 1‑3
Dechlor, 26‑23 thermal, 44‑4 moist, 35‑8
Dechlorination, 26-23, 29‑14, 32‑7, 34‑8 Deformation (ftn), 46‑2 -on-the-run meter, 76‑9
Decile, 11‑12 Deformed optical, 32‑16
Decision sight distance, 79‑11, G-6 bar, 48‑9 optimum, 73‑7
Deck(see also type), 57‑4 bar (fig), 48‑9 pedestrian, 73‑22
bridge, 46‑12, 48‑8, 57‑4 Degenerate power, ESP, 34‑10
bridge, orthotropic, G‑12 circle, 7‑10 relative, 35‑8, 35‑17
INDEX-D
cross-beam, 46‑12 ellipse, 7‑12 saturated, 35‑8

metal, 57‑4 Degradability, gas (tbl), 34‑7 soil, 35‑8
slab, 51‑8 Degradable plastic, 32‑14 solid, 35‑8
slab, precast concrete, girder, 51‑9 Degradation speed, 75‑9 submerged, 35‑8, 36‑8
steel (see also Deck, metal), 57‑4 Degree, 6‑1 test, field, 35‑21
Declaration, negative, 32‑3 indeterminacy, 41‑8 test, in-place, 35‑21
Declination, 78‑12 of accuracy, 78‑5 total ramp, 73‑10
east, 78‑12 of consolidation, 40‑6 traffic, 73‑7
magnetic, 78‑12 of curve, 7-4, 79‑2, 79‑3 weight, 1‑3
minus, 78‑12 of freedom, 11-8, 47-11, 71‑2, 71‑12 wet, 35‑8
plus, 78‑12 of freedom, chi-squared, 11‑8 zero air voids, 35‑19
west, 78‑12 of indeterminacy, 46‑1 zero-voids, 35‑8
Declining of kinematic indeterminacy, 47‑10 Denting, 22‑26
balance depreciation (ftn), 87‑22 of polynomial, 3‑2 Denting (ftn), 22‑26
balance depreciation recovery, 87‑27 of reduction, 27‑11 Deoxygenation, 28‑8, G-6
balance method, 87‑27 of redundancy, 46‑1 rate constant, 28‑8
balance method (ftn), 87‑22 of saturation, 35‑7, 73-16 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 27‑2
growth phase, 27‑4 of static indeterminacy, 47‑7 Departure, 78‑13
Decoloration time, 28‑14 Dehydration, 23‑4 tangent, 79‑2
Decomposition, 22‑7 Deicing chemical, 48‑10 Departure (fig), 78‑14
aerobic, 27‑9 Deionized water, 22‑26 Dependent
anaerobic, 27‑10 Del operator, 8‑7 event, 11‑3
anoxic, 27‑10 Delay variable, 3‑2
end product of (tbl), 27‑10 control, 73‑15 Dependent system, 71‑12
waste, 27‑9 geometric, 73‑15 Depletion, 87‑25
Decrease, average, 11‑16 incident, 73‑15 allowance, 87‑25
Decrement, batter, 37‑2, 37‑13 queueing, 73‑15 Deposit, alluvial, G‑1
Deep beam, 50‑27 Delta, G‑6 Deposition, G‑6
Deep strength asphalt pavement, 76‑2 -connection, 84‑11 Depreciation, 87‑21
Deep well, 80‑12 rosette, 85‑13 accelerated, 87‑23
Defect, spherical, 6‑7 DELVO admixture system, 48‑4 basis, 87‑21
Defendant, 88‑7 Demand, 87‑44 bonus, 87‑23
Defender, 87‑19 biochemical oxygen, 28‑9, G-3 calculation summary (tbl), 87‑28
Deficit carbonaceous, G‑4 period, 87‑21
critical oxygen, 28‑12 chemical oxygen, 28‑13 rate, 87‑22
oxygen, 28‑7 chlorine, 28‑14, G-5 recovery, 87‑26
Definite electrical, 84‑8 Depression
integral, 9‑4 first-stage, G‑7 angle, 6‑2
integral (ftn), 9‑1 multiplier, wastewater, 28‑2 cone of, 21-6, 80‑12, G-5
Deflection, 44‑3 multiplier, water (tbl), 26‑24 storage, G‑6
and stiffness (tbl), 44‑3 nitrogen, G‑11 tailwater, 18‑26
angle, 78‑13, 78‑14, 79‑4 nitrogenous, 28‑10 Depth, 2‑2
angle, curve (fig), 79‑4 oxygen, 30‑9 alternate, 19‑17, G-1
angle, spiral, 79‑20 oxygen, biochemical, 27‑9 -area-duration, G‑6
beam, 44‑14, 44‑15, 44‑16, 44‑18, 47‑4 second stage, G‑14 brink, 19‑20
beam, elastic, A‑133 starvation, 73‑25 concrete beam, minimum, 50‑17
bridge (ftn), 85‑10 water, 26‑21, 26‑23 conjugate, 19‑25, 19‑28, G-5
concrete beam, 50‑16 Demineralization, 26‑23 critical, 19‑19, 38-2, A‑85, G‑5
concrete beam, long-term, 50‑17 Demineralized water, 22‑26 critical, circular channel, A‑85
concrete beam, maximum, 50‑18 Denitrification, 27‑10, 28‑15 girder, 63‑2
constant, 85‑13 anoxic, 27‑6 hydraulic, 19‑3, G-9
control, minimum thickness, 51‑2 Denitrifier, 27‑6 hydraulic (ftn), 16‑7
design model for composite beam (fig), Dense-graded mix, 76‑4 impoundment, 20‑21
64‑3 Density normal, 19‑7, G-11
effect of, 62‑2 areal, 1‑9 plate girder, 63‑2
frame, 47‑5 areal, dust, 34‑6 pressure at a, 1‑3
immediate, 50‑16 buoyant, 35‑8 profile, 19‑23
side water, 29‑8 reaction, 41‑9 pump, 18‑4

-thickness ratio, 63‑2 statically, 41‑8 rigid, 68‑14
visual, 75‑10 truss, 41‑14 Dieldrin, 32‑13
web, 63‑2 Deterministic method, 86‑11 Dielectric constant, 34‑9
Derivative, 8‑1 Detour, 73‑32 Diene (ftn), 23‑1
directional, 8‑6 Detrial mineral, G‑6 Diesel
first, 8‑1 Detritus, tank, 29‑5 -electric locomotive, 75‑5
Laplace transform of, 10‑7 Deuterium, 22‑2 fuel, 24‑7
second, 8‑1 Deuteron, 22‑2 Difference
Derived from rule, 32‑2 Deutsch-Anderson equation, 34‑9 divided, 12‑3
Derived unit (tbl), 1‑6 Devastating flood, 20‑6 Rth-order, 3‑11
Desalination, 26‑23 Developed well, 21‑5 table, divided (ftn), 12‑3
Descartes’ rule of signs, 3‑5 Developer, 88‑4 Differential
Descriptive analysis, safety, 75‑2 Development equation, 10‑1
Design (see also type) length, 55‑5 equation, first-order, 10‑1
allowable strength, 58‑5 length, masonry, 67‑7 equation, higher order, 10‑8
basis flood, 20‑7 Deviate, standard normal, 11‑13 equation, homogeneous, 10‑1, 10‑2
beam-column, 62‑3 Deviation equation, linear, 10‑1
bearing stiffener, 63‑4 standard, log, 11‑8 equation, nonhomogeneous, 10‑1
bearing strength, 59‑19, 61‑10 standard, sample, 11‑13 equation, second-order, 10‑1
capacity, 38‑2, 73-5 Deviator stress, 35‑27 gear ratio, 75‑4
column, 61‑5 Device leveling, 78‑10
composite beam, 64‑4 channelization, 73‑32 manometer, 15‑3
concrete deck, traditional, 51‑9 photoconductive (ftn), 85‑5 parallax, 78‑20
INDEX-D
culvert, 19‑34 photoemissive (ftn), 85‑5 positioning, 78‑6
doubly reinforced section, 50‑25 pressure relief, 16‑15 series balance bridge (ftn), 85‑10
filtering velocity, 34‑5 pressure-measuring, 15‑2 settlement, 36‑2
flange, 63‑2 Dew shunt balance bridge (ftn), 85‑10
flood, 20‑5, 20‑7 point, 24‑15 term, 9‑1
girder web, 63‑2 point, flue gas, 24‑15 transformer, 85‑4
hour volume, 73‑5 Dewatering, 26‑13, 80-12, G-6 Differentiation
interaction diagram, 52‑5 groundwater, 31‑7 implicit, 8‑5
intermediate stiffener, 63‑4 sludge, 30‑19 partial, 8‑4
life, 76‑20 Dezincification, 22‑21 Diffused
limit states, 58‑5 dfg, 24‑17 air injection, 26‑5
load and resistance factor, 58‑5 Diagnosis air system, 26‑5
mechanistic-empirical, 77‑11 procedure, transportation network, Diffusion
method, 58‑5 75‑19 -controlled cell, 85‑4
pavement, methodology, 77‑7 transportation network, 75‑19 facilitated, 27‑3
period, 76‑20 Diagonal passive, 27‑2
power (ftn), 72‑7 bracing, 53‑2 Digester
procedure, shear reinforcement, 50‑23 matrix, 4‑1 aerobic, 30‑17
professional, 88‑7 parking, 73‑23 anaerobic, 30‑17
resilient modulus, percentile (tbl), shear reinforcement, 50‑21 egg, 30‑18
76‑26 tension stress, 50‑21 gas (see also Methane), 30‑17
sequencing, 86‑8 Diagram Digestion, G‑6
slab, flexure, 51‑3 cash flow, 87‑3 aerobic, 30‑17
slab, shear, 51‑3 cash flow (fig), 87‑11 anaerobic, 30‑17
slip resistance, 65‑3 collision, 75‑12, 75‑19 Digit, significant, 3‑1
speed, 73‑3, 73‑5 collision (fig), 75‑19 Dihaloacetonitrile, 25‑11
speed, minimum (tbl), 73‑4 coordinate free-body, 41‑22 Dilatancy, G‑6
storm, 20‑5 drawing, shear and moment, 44‑9 test, 35‑4
strength, 50‑3, 50‑4, 52‑4 free-body, 41‑9 Dilatant fluid, 14‑7
T-beam, 50‑18 indicator, 85‑15 Dilation, 44‑2
tension member, 60‑6 influence, 41‑10, 46‑8, 46‑9, 46‑11, Dilution
tension member, LRFD (fig), 60‑7 46‑12, 46‑13 disposal, G‑6
traffic, 76‑18 interaction, 52‑5, 52‑6, 52‑7 of position, 78‑6
vehicle, 73‑3 mass, 20‑22, 80-7 of position, geodetic, 78‑6
vehicle, standard, 73‑3, 76‑19 moment, 44‑9 of position, horizontal, 78‑6
weathering steel, 58‑6 plastic moment, 59‑14 of position, vertical, 78‑6
Desorption profile, 80‑7 purification, 28‑11
gas (ftn), 34‑2 Rippl, 20‑22 Dimension
thermal, 34‑23 shear, 44‑9 bolt (tbl), 45‑12
Destruction removal efficiency, 34‑13 time-space, 73‑20 cast-iron pipe, A‑49
Destructive test, 43‑15, 82-4 valve (tbl), 16‑14 characteristic, 16‑7
Desulfurization, flue gas, 24‑5, 34-2 Venn (fig), 11‑1 concrete pipe, A‑47
Detector Diameter concrete sewer pipe, A‑47, A-48
light-sensitive, 85‑5 aerodynamic equivalent, 32‑7 CPVC pipe, A-43, A-44, A-45, A-46
resistance temperature, 85‑5 changes, tapered, 17‑14 ductile iron pipe, A-49, A‑50
-transducer, 85‑3 equivalent, 16‑7, 17‑45 nominal, 16‑11
Detention (see also Retention) equivalent (ftn), 16‑7 of variables, 1‑9
period, 26‑6, 29-7 equivalent (tbl), 16‑7 of variables (tbl), 1‑9
surface, G‑16 hydraulic, 16‑7, 17‑10, 19‑3 primary, 1‑8
time, 26‑6, 29-7 hydraulic (ftn), 16‑7 PVC pipe, A-43, A-44, A-45, A-46
time, hydraulic, 30‑4, 30‑9 Diametral sieve, 35‑2
Detergent, 25‑8 interference, 45‑7 steel pipe, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39,
Determinacy, 41‑8 strain, 45‑7 A-40, A-41, A-42
Determinant, 4‑3 Diamond interchange, 73‑25 Dimensional analysis, 1‑9
Determinate Diaphragm Dimensionless, 1‑8
beam, type, 41‑9 flexible, 68‑14 group, 1‑8, 1‑10
beam, type (fig), 41‑9 gauge, 15‑2 group (tbl), 1‑10
number, 1‑7 Disinfection, 26‑21 chi-squared,11-8, A‑15

number (tbl), 1‑10 (chlorine) dose, 28‑14 continuous, 11‑6
unit hydrograph, NRCS, 20‑12 alternative, 25‑11 discrete, 11‑5
Dimensions by-product, 25‑10, 25‑11 exponential, 11‑6
BWG tubing, A‑54 Disintegration, 32‑14 frequency, 11‑11
parking lot, 73‑24 pavement, 76‑4 function, continuous, 11‑6
prestressing tendon, 56‑7 Disjoint set, 11‑1 Galton’s, 11‑8
seamless steel boiler tubing, A‑55 Dispersant, 22‑26 Gaussian, 11‑6
steel boiler tubing, A‑55 Dispersion, 11‑13 hypergeometric, 11‑5
Dimetric view, 2‑3 relative, 11‑14 lane, 73‑8
Dimictic, G‑6 Dispersion test, 35‑4 leptokurtic, 11‑14
Dimiper lake, G‑6 Displacement, 22‑7, 71-3 log-normal, 11‑8
Dimple spring, G‑6 double, 22‑7 mesokurtic, 11‑14
Dioxide, sulfur, 32‑16 linear, 71‑3 multiple hypergeometric, 11‑5
Dioxin, 32‑7 meter, 17‑28 negative exponential, 11‑9
Direct method, photogrammetry, 78‑20 normal, 11‑6
-acting pump, 18‑3 single, 22‑7 platykurtic, 11‑14
central impact (fig), 72‑18 virtual, 46‑10 Poisson, 11‑6
combination, 22‑7 Disposal Student’s t-, 11‑7, A-16
cost, 86‑9 dilution, G‑6 t-, A‑16
current, 84‑2 effluent, 29‑14 velocity, 16‑9
design method, 51‑6 facility, 33‑2 Distribution (see also type)
design method, ACI, 47‑20 sludge, 30‑21 and marketing, sludge, 30‑21
filtration, 26‑2 Disposition, hazardous waste, 33‑2 chart, particle size, 35‑4, 35‑5
INDEX-D
impact, 72‑19 Dissipater, energy, 80‑11 coefficient, G‑6

labor, 87‑33 Dissociation factor, 47‑14
leveling, 78‑10 constant, 22‑16 factor, directional, 76‑18
leveling (fig), 78‑10 constants of acid, A‑103 factor, lane, 76‑18
material, 87‑33 constants of base, A‑104 gravity, 26‑26
reduction loan, 87‑43 temperature (ftn), 24‑16 particle size, 35‑2
reduction loan, balloon payment (fig), Dissolved water, 26‑26
87‑44 air flotation thickening, 30‑16 Distributive
reduction loan (fig), 87‑43 metal, in wastewater, 28‑16 law, 3‑2
shear, 66‑6 organic solids, 29‑3 law, matrix, 4‑4
shear test, 35‑26 oxygen, 28‑7 set, law, 11‑2
-tension indicating, 45‑14 oxygen sag curve, 28‑11 Ditch, oxidation, 30‑3
tension indicator washer, 58‑4 oxygen standard, 28‑11 Ditch lining fabric, 80‑12
tension indicator washer (fig), 58‑5 oxygen, in water, A‑97 Divergence, 8‑7
Directed graph, 86‑10 solids, 28‑6 Divergent sequence, 3‑11
Direction, 78‑12 solids, total (tbl), 26‑20 Diversion
angle, 5‑2, 7‑5 Distance chamber, 29‑14
cosine, 5-2, 7-5, 41‑2, 41‑13 between figures, 7‑8 road, 73‑32
number, 7‑5 between points, 7‑5, 7‑8 Divided
peak flow, 73‑5 braking, 75‑6, 75‑7 difference, 12‑3
Directional clear, 50‑8, 50‑18 difference table (ftn), 12‑3
derivative, 8‑6 critical, 17‑6 highway, 73‑3, G-6
design hour volume, 73‑5 decision sight, 79‑11, G-6 Division, matrix, 4‑4
distribution factor, 76‑18 edge, 65‑2 DNA, 27‑2
factor, 73‑5 embedment, 50‑24 Document as-built, 86‑16
interchange, 73‑25 freeboard, G‑7 Documentation, project, 86‑16
Directionality factor, 73‑5 haul (fig), 80‑7 Dollars, 87‑2
Direction-sensing probe, 17‑29 measurement, 78‑8, 78‑9 constant value, 87‑41
Directrix, 7‑10 measurement, tacheometric, 78‑8 Domain, eminent, G‑7
Disabled parking, 73‑25 multiplier, 83‑8 Domestic
Disbenefit, 87‑16 nonstriping sight, G‑11 sewage (tbl), 28‑6
Disbursement, 87‑3 passing sight, 79‑11, G-12 waste, G‑6
Disc thermodynamic, steam trap, 16‑15 semimajor, 7‑11 wastewater, 28‑2
Discharge, 18‑4 semiminor, 7‑11 Dominant load, 46‑14
coefficient, venturi, 17‑32 sight, G‑15 Donnan formula, 31‑7
coefficient of, 17‑19, 17‑32 skidding, 75‑7 Door assemblies, fire testing, 82‑4
from tank (fig), 17‑18 stopping, 75‑7 Dose
line, centrifugal pump, 18‑2 stopping, passing, 75‑7 absorbed, G‑1
of contract, 88‑6 stopping, sight, 75‑7, 79-11, G-15 chemical feed, 26‑9
side, 18‑5 traveled, 71‑3 chlorine, 26‑21, 28-14
specific, 21‑4 Distillate oil, 24‑6 coagulant, 26‑9
tank, 17‑17 Distillation, 26‑23 equation, 26‑9
tank (fig), 17‑18 global, 32‑13 fluoride, 26‑15
throttling (fig), 18‑19 temperature, 32‑8 infective, 27‑11
velocity, 17‑17, 21‑4 Distorted model, 17‑48 noise, 83‑8
Discount Distortion energy theory, 43‑9 noise, permissible (tbl), 83‑8
factor, A‑194, A‑195 Distributed radiation absorbed (ftn), 6‑1
factor, continuous compounding, 87‑29 load, 41‑5 Dot
factor, discrete compounding (tbl), load, beam (fig), 41‑5 product, 5‑3
87‑8 load, cable, 41‑19 product, vector (fig), 5‑3
Discounting, 87‑5 load, cable (fig), 41‑20 DOT
Discrete compounding, discount factor load, moment, 41‑6 geotextile specifications, 40‑11
(tbl), 87‑8 loading (fig), 41‑5 Double
Discriminant, 3‑4, 7‑9 Distribution -acting hammer, 38‑2
Discs, method of, 9‑6 bathtub, 11‑9 -acting pump, 18‑2
Disease, waterborne, 27‑10 beta, 86‑14 -action shear, 55‑3
binomial, 11‑5 -alternate mode operation, 73‑20
-alternate parking, 73‑23 pavement, 77‑7 transition temperature (tbl), 43‑16

-angle formula, 6‑4 single, 40‑5 Ductility, 43‑6, 43‑7, 58‑2
angle member, 61‑7 two-way, 40‑5 transition temperature, 43‑18
butt (ftn), 45‑12 Draw bridge, 57‑4 weld, 66‑4
declining balance, 87‑27 Drawbar pull, 75‑5 Dulong’s formula, 24‑15
declining balance (ftn), 87‑22 Drawdown, G‑6 Dummy
declining balance method (ftn), 87‑22 curve, G‑6 activity, 86‑13
drainage, 40‑5 well, 21‑6 gauge, 85‑10
-entry bookkeeping (ftn), 87‑35 Drawing joint, 77‑12
-entry bookkeeping method (ftn), 87‑35 diagram, shear and moment, 44‑9 node, 86‑11, 86‑13
-entry bookkeeping system, 87‑35 pictorial (ftn), 2‑2 unit load method, 46‑7, 47‑3, 47‑5
integral, 9‑3 Dredge line, 39‑2, G-6 Dump, 31‑2
integration method, 44‑14 Drift Dumping, ocean, sludge, 30‑22
liner, 31‑3 story, 53‑3 Dumpy level, 78‑10
-liner system, 31‑3 velocity, 34‑8, 34‑9 Duplex pump, 18‑3
meridian distance, 78‑17 velocity, effective, 34‑9 Dupuit equation, 21‑6, 80-12
orifice air valve, 16‑15 Drilled hole, 60‑2 Durability
pintle tie, 68‑18 Drinking concrete, 49‑1
-ring infiltration test, 21‑10 water demand, 26‑23 factor, 49‑1
rivet (ftn), 45‑12 water standards, 25‑6, A-108 masonry, 67‑5
root, 3‑4 Drins, 32‑13 pavement, 76‑4
seal, 34‑16 Drive train efficiency, 75‑4 Duration
shear, 45‑12 Driver fire fighting, 26‑25
-stage process, 26‑17 error, 75‑9 reference, 83‑8
-suction pump, 18‑5 overload, 75‑9 Dust, 32‑7
INDEX-E
taxation, 88‑2 overload cause (tbl), 75‑10 coal, 32‑8
vortex, 34‑7 population adjustment factor, 73‑9 control, 32‑8
-vortex, single cyclone (fig) (inertial population adjustment factor, freeway density, areal, 34‑6
separator), 34‑7 (tbl), 73‑10 loading, 34‑6
-vortex, single cyclone (inertial separa‑ Driving -to-binder ratio, 76‑16
tor), 34‑7 dynamometer, 85‑14 Duty cycle, 84‑15
Doubling speed, 75‑10 Dye penetrant testing, 82‑4
time, 3-12, 87‑8, 87‑9 task, 75‑9 Dynamic
time, interest rate (tbl), 87‑9 task hierarchy (fig), 75‑9 analysis, 44‑8, 47‑2
Doubly Drop balance, 70‑2
reinforced beam parameter (fig), 50‑25 hammer, 38‑2 effect allowance (ftn), 59‑17
reinforced concrete beam, 50‑24 hydraulic, 19‑28 energy (ftn), 16‑2
reinforced concrete section, 50‑25 hydraulic (ftn), 16‑10, 19‑21 equilibrium, 72‑6
reinforced section design, 50‑25 panel, 51‑5 friction, 72‑6
Dowel, 55‑6, 77-7 pressure, steel pipe, A‑62 friction, coefficient, 75‑6
bar, 55‑6, 77-12 spherical, 10‑11 head, 18‑7
Downcycling, 32‑14 Drum load allowance, 74‑4
Downdrag, 38‑6 filter, vacuum, 30‑19 load allowance (ftn), 59‑17
Downgrade specific, highway, 73‑14 mixer, 76‑6 load factor (ftn), 59‑17
Downpull, G‑6 wire rope, 45‑24 reaction (ftn), 72‑6
Downstream Dry response, 44‑8
control, 19‑22 absorption, 34‑18 similarity, 17‑48
taper, 73‑33 air, composition (tbl), 24‑9 viscosity (ftn), 14‑7
Draft, 20‑22 basis, concrete, 49‑3 Dynamics, 71‑1
force, 26‑4 condition, 72‑7 vehicle, 75‑3
gauge (ftn), 15‑3 density, 35‑8 Dynamometer, 85‑14
tube, 18‑26 density, maximum, 35‑18 brake, 85‑14
Drag (see also type), 17‑43 flue gas loss, 24‑17 driving, 85‑14
coefficient, 17‑44 scrubbing, 34‑18 torsion, 85‑14
coefficient, cars, 17‑44 strength test, 35‑4 transmission, 85‑14
coefficient (fig), 17‑45 ultra-fine coal, 32‑8 Dyne, 1‑5, A-4
count, 17‑44 unit weight at zero air voids, 35‑19 Dystrophic, G‑6
disk, 17‑44 weather flow, G‑6
filter, 34‑6 weather flow (ftn), 20‑7 E
form, 17‑43 Drying bed, sand, 30‑20 e
induced, 17‑43 DTI washer (fig), 58‑5 -folding time, 3‑12
pressure, 17‑43 Du -log p curve, 35‑24, 40-4
profile, 17‑43 Nouy ring, 14‑12 -log p curve (fig), 35‑25
sphere, 17‑44 Nouy torsion balance (ftn), 14‑12 E. coli, 27‑3, 27‑6, 27‑9, G-7
vehicular, 75‑3 Dual Earplug, NRR, 83‑9
viscous, 72‑20 -certified steel, 58‑6 Earth
wake, 17‑43 -layer filter, 26‑14 atmosphere, 15‑13
Drain layer, pavement, 77‑14 atmosphere (ftn), 15‑14
down, pavement, 76‑4 Duct, sorbent-injection, 24‑5 curvature, 78‑9
extraction, 31‑7 Ductile -handling equipment, 80‑9
relief, 31‑7 -brittle transition temperature, 43‑15 pressure, 37‑2
slope, 80‑11 cast iron pipe, 16‑11 pressure, active, 37‑2, 37‑3
subgrade, 76‑31 failure, tensile, type (fig), 43‑5 pressure, active and passive (fig), 37‑3
subgrade (fig), 76‑31 failure mode, 50‑6 pressure coefficient, 37‑3, 37‑5
Drainage iron pipe, A‑49 pressure, Coulomb, 37‑3, 37‑5
blind, G‑4 iron pipe, special pressure classes, A‑50 pressure, lateral, coefficient of, 38‑3
coefficient, 31-7, 76‑22, 77‑7 iron pipe dimensions, A-49, A‑50 pressure, passive, 37‑2, 37‑5
density, G‑6 material, 43‑6 pressure, Rankine, 37‑2, 37‑5
double, 40‑5 material, typical tensile test result rare, 22‑3
netting, 31‑3 (fig), 43‑2 Earthwork, 80‑1
one-way, 40‑5 stress-strain curve (fig), 48‑10 factor, swell, 80‑1
factor load, 80‑1 strain-hardening on mechanical pulley, 41‑12

measure, 80‑1 property (fig), 43‑18 pump, 18‑9
volume, 80‑4 stress on creep rate (fig), 43‑18 pumping (temperature), 18‑22
Easement, G‑6 Thompson (ftn), 85‑8 removal, 30‑14, 34‑7
curve, 79‑20 venturi, 17‑31 sedimentation, 26‑6
East declination, 78‑12 Effective thermal, 24‑17
Eastern coal, 24‑5 annual interest rate, 87‑5 treatment, 30‑6
Eccentric asphalt content, 76‑10 volumetric, 18‑3
connection, 65‑1, 65‑6, 66‑5 drift velocity, 34‑9 wire-to-water, 18‑10
impact, 72‑19 flange width, AASHTO, 57‑3 Efficient cross section, 19‑9
impact (fig), 72‑20 flange width (fig), 50‑18 Effluent, G‑6
load, column, 45‑5 flexural stiffness, 53‑4 disposal, 29‑14
load, connection, 45‑19 force (ftn), 72‑6 stream, G‑6
load, footing, 36‑9 gauge, 79‑11 Efflux, speed of, 17‑17
loading, 44‑13 grain size, 35‑2, 35‑23 Effort, 41‑11
loading, axial member (fig), 44‑13 green ratio, 73‑16 tractive, 75‑3
plug valve, 16‑13 green time, 73‑21 Egg digester, 30‑18
shear connection, 65‑6 head, 17‑18, 18‑7 Eigenvalue, 4‑8
shear connection (fig), 65‑6 height, masonry column, 69‑2 Eigenvector, 4‑8
Eccentricity, 7-9, 7-12, 44‑13, 45‑5 interest rate, 87‑5, 87‑28 EIR, 32‑3
column, 52‑3, 52‑7 interest rate per period, 87‑28 EJCDC (ftn), 88‑5
column, minimum, 69‑3 length, 61‑3 Ejector pump, 18‑2
dam, 15‑13 length, column, 45‑3, 53‑3 Elastic
in plane of faying surface (fig), 66‑5 length factor, 53‑3, 61‑3 analysis (ftn), 45‑19
normal to plane of faying surface (fig),
INDEX-E
length factor alignment chart (fig), beam deflections, A‑133

66‑5 61‑4 buckling, 61‑4
normal to plane of faying surfaces, 66‑5 length factor, wall, 54‑2 constant, 43‑9
normalized, 52‑3 length factor (tbl), 61‑3 constant, relationship, 43‑9
orbit, 72‑22 moment of inertia, 50‑16 deflection beam, A‑133
orbit (tbl), 72‑22 net area, 60‑3 deformation, 44‑2, 46‑2
plane of faying surfaces, 66‑5 number of passes, 29‑11 design, steel, 59‑8
torsional, 45‑18 period, 87‑2 failure, 44‑20
Echelon pile length, 38‑3 fixed-end moments, A‑140
form, row-reduced, 4‑2 porosity, 21‑2 impact, 72‑18
matrix, 4‑1 pressure, 37‑10, 40‑5 limit, 43‑2
Eckert number (tbl), 1‑10 radius of gyration, steel beam, 59‑4 line, 44‑15
Econocrete, 77‑13 rate per compounding period, 87‑29 method, 66‑6, 66‑8
Economic red time, 73‑21 modulus, 43‑2
analysis, 87‑2 roadbed soil resilient modulus, 76‑21 region, 43‑2, 48‑9
analysis, engineering, 87‑2 roadbed soil resilient modulus second-order analysis, 53‑2
analysis factor, A‑194 estimation chart (fig), 76‑23 settling, 40‑3
analysis factor table, A‑195 slab support k-value, 77‑6 strain, 43‑2
analysis, life, 87‑4 slab support modulus, cement-threaded toughness, 43‑7
analysis process, 75‑20 subbase (tbl), 77‑7 Elasticity
appraisal, HSM, 75‑20 slab support modulus (tbl), 77‑7 modulus of, 43‑2, 43‑4, 44‑2, 58‑2
evaluation, 73‑28 slab width, composite member, 57‑2 modulus of, grout, 67‑6
evaluation, road, 73‑28 specific gravity, 76‑9 Electric
indicator, 87‑41 specific gravity, asphalt, G‑6 charge, 84‑2
life, 87‑19, 87‑21 stress, 35‑14, 35‑28, 37‑10, 40‑5 machine, 84‑17
life analysis, 87‑4 subbase modulus (tbl), 77‑7 motor size, 18‑11
order quantity, 87‑45 throat size, 45‑15 Electrical
Economical shape, most, 58‑6 throat thickness, 45‑15 conductivity, water, 25‑12
Economics engineering (ftn), 87‑2 value, 84‑5 current, effect on humans (tbl), 83‑7
Economizer, ash, 24‑3 velocity, 21‑3 plant, hydroelectric, 18‑26
Economy fuel, 75‑4 walkway width, 73‑22 protection, rebar, 48‑11
Eco-toxicity, 32‑14 weld size, minimum, 66‑9 safety, 83‑6
Eddy current testing, 43‑13 weld throat, 45‑15 safety (tbl), 83‑7
Edge width, 19-12, 50‑18, 64‑2 shock, 83‑7
adsorption, G‑1 width, concrete slab, 64‑2 unit conversion, A‑1
distance, hole, 65‑2 Effectiveness Electricity cost, 18‑10
three-, bearing test, 16‑12 cost-, method, 75‑20 Electrode, 66‑1
EDM, 78‑5, 78‑9 index, cost-, 75‑20 Electrodialysis, 26‑23
EDTA, 25‑4 lever, 15‑15 Electrogas welding, 66‑2
Eductor pipe, 21‑5 Efficiency, 13‑7 Electromagnetic flowmeter, 17‑29
Effect boiler, 24‑17 Electromotive force, 84‑2
common ion, 22‑14 collection, 26‑6, 26‑8, 34-9 Electronegative element, 22‑3
frost, 76‑17 combustion, 24‑17 Electronegativity, 22‑3
greenhouse, 32‑9, 32‑10 compressor, 30‑10 Electronic distance measurement, 78‑5,
impurity on mechanical property (fig), destruction removal, 34‑13 78‑9
43‑18 drive train, 75‑4 Electroslag welding, 66‑2
isotope (ftn), 22‑2 electrostatic precipitator, 34‑9 Electrostatic
Magnus, 17‑43 energy-production, 13‑7 precipitator, 34‑8
of deflection, 62‑2 energy-use, 13‑7 precipitator, efficiency, 34‑9
P-delta, 53‑2, 62‑1 furnace, 24‑17 precipitator design parameter (tbl),
Peltier (ftn), 85‑8 isentropic, 30‑10 34‑9
photoelectric, 85‑5 joint, 16‑11, 45-13 unit, 84‑2
piezoelectric, 15‑2, 85-5 lever, 15‑15 Element, 22‑2, G-6
refraction (fig), 78‑10 motor, 84‑19 atomic numbers and weights, A‑92
second-order, 62‑1, 62‑2 overall, pump, 18‑10 bimetallic, 44‑4
Seebeck, 85‑7 oxygen transfer, 30‑9 electronegative, 22‑3
pile group, 38‑6 fixed, 73‑3
horizontal curve (fig), 79‑3 Endothermic reaction, 22‑19 English

intersection (fig), 73‑15 Endpoint, pressure-drop, 22‑24 engineering system, 1‑2
matrix, 4‑1 Endrin, 32‑13 gravitational system, 1‑4
negative, 85‑7 Endurance Enlargement, 17‑13
positive, 85‑7 limit, 43‑10 sudden, 17‑14
properties, A‑92 ratio, 43‑10 ENR equation, 38‑2
roadway, 75‑16 strength, 43‑10 Enteric, G‑7
roadway network, 75‑16 strength, surface finish reduction factor Enterovirus, 27‑7
set, 11‑1 (fig), 43‑11 Enthalpy
transition, 22‑3 Energy, 13‑1 of combustion, A‑105
type, 22‑2 change, 47‑3 of formation, 22‑18, 22‑19
Element (structural) conservation law, 13‑2 of reaction, 22‑19
building, fire resistance, 82‑6 conservation of, 16‑1 Entrained
stiffened, 61‑6 conversion, SI, A‑4 air-, 77‑2
unstiffened, 61‑7 dissipater, 80‑11 concrete, air-, 77‑3
Elementary row operation, 4‑2 dynamic (ftn), 16‑2 Entrance
Elements, periodic table of the, A‑93 -efficiency ratio (ftn), 13‑7 loss, culvert (tbl), 17‑21
Elevation, 2‑2 equation, steady-flow, 16‑2 loss coefficient, minor (tbl), 19‑30
angle, 6‑2 falling mass, 13‑3 pipe, 17‑14
drawing (ftn), 2‑2 flow, 13‑4 spiral, 79‑20
equilibrium, 79‑10 flow (ftn), 16‑2 Entry, matrix, 4‑1
measurement, 78‑9, 78‑10, 78‑12 grade line, 16‑10, 17‑17 Envelope
surveying, 78‑9 gradient, 19‑3, G-7 failure, 35‑26
Elimination, Gauss-Jordan, 4‑2 gravitational, 13‑3, 16-1 maximum shear, 47‑21
Ellipse, 7‑11
INDEX-E
gravitational (ftn), 16‑2 shear, 50‑21
degenerative, 7‑12 impact, 16‑4 Environment, 32‑2
equation, 31‑7 internal, 13‑4 Environmental
formula, A‑8 kinetic, 1‑3, 1‑5, 13‑3, 16-2 engineering, 32‑4
Elliptic integral function (ftn), 9‑9 kinetic, specific, 16‑2 impact report, 32‑3
Elongation line (ftn), 16‑10 protection, ethics, 89‑4
at failure, percent, 43‑6 lost in a jump, 19‑25 Enzyme, 27‑6, G-7
percent, 43‑6 method, 47‑3 Eötvös number, 17‑48
Elongation (ftn), 46‑2 potential, 1‑3, 13‑3, 16-2 Eötvös number (tbl), 1‑10
Elutriation, G‑6 pressure, 13‑4, 16-2 Ephemeral stream, G‑7
Elutriator, G‑6 -production efficiency, 13‑7 Epicycloid, 7‑4
Embankment, G‑6 p-V, 13‑4 Epidemic, 10‑10
fill, 40‑9, 80-2 sink, 17‑17 Epilimnion, G‑7
Embedment source, 17‑17 Epoxy
distance, 50‑24 specific, 13-1, 16‑2, 16‑10, 19‑16 coal tar, 16‑12
length, masonry, 67‑7 spring, 13‑3 -coated rebar, 48‑11
Embrittlement stagnation, 16‑4 -coated wire, 67‑7
caustic, 22‑21 static, 13‑4 coating factor, 55‑6
hydrogen, 22‑21 static (ftn), 16‑2 pipe coating, 16‑12
Eminent domain, G‑7 strain, 43‑7, 44‑3, 44‑13 Equal
Emission strain, method, truss deflection, 44‑18 angle, 61‑2
fugitive, 32‑8, 34‑16 tapered, 26‑13 -tangent parabola, 79‑12
rate, lowest achievable, 34‑2 total, 16‑2, 16‑4 vectors, 5‑1
Empirical -use efficiency, 13‑7 Equality of matrices, 4‑4
Bayes adjustment, 75‑18 velocity (ftn), 16‑2 Equalization, flow, 29‑3, 34‑23
design, concrete deck, 51‑8 -work principle, 13‑3, 13‑4 Equation, 3‑2
formula, 22‑6 Engineer algebraic, 3‑2
Employer, dealing with, 89‑2 consulting, 90‑1 American Insurance Association, 26‑25
Emulsified asphalt, 76‑2 intern (ftn), 90‑1 Andrade’s, 43‑17
Emulsion, G‑7 -In-Training exam, 90‑1 Antoine (ftn), 14‑11
asphalt, G‑2 professional, 90‑1 auxiliary, 10‑1
Emulsion (ftn), 22‑11 registered, 90‑1 Bernoulli, 16‑2, 19‑7
Encroachment, G‑7 Engineer’s Bessel, 10‑5
lane, 79‑22 chain, 78‑8 Blasius, 17‑6
End level, 78‑10 Boussinesq’s, 40‑2
built-in, 46‑7 transit, 78‑12 Camp, 29‑6
cable, 41‑21 Engineering Cauchy, 10‑5
condition coefficient, 61‑3 dimensional system, 1‑8 characteristic, 4‑8, 10‑1
fixed, 46‑7 economic analysis, 87‑2 Chezy, 19‑3
moment, amplified, 53‑5 economics (ftn), 87‑2 Chezy-Manning, 19‑4
-of-pipe treatment, 32‑1 economy (ftn), 87‑2 Clausius-Clapeyron (ftn), 14‑11
plate construction (fig), 65‑9 economy factor, A‑194, A‑195 Colding, 31‑7
point, titration, 25‑2 environmental, 32‑4 Colebrook, 17‑6
post, 41‑13 intern (ftn), 90‑1 complementary, 10‑1
product, waste decomposition (tbl), licensing, 90‑1 complete isothermal flow, 17‑11
27‑10 material, type (fig), 43‑2 continuity, 17‑3
restraint coefficient, 45‑3 mechanics, 41‑2 Coulomb’s, 35‑26
restraint coefficient (tbl), 45‑3 News Record equation, 38‑2 Darcy, 17‑7, 17‑8
-restraint factor, 61‑3 registration, 90‑1 Darcy-Weisbach, 17‑7
slope rounding, 81‑4 strain, 43‑2 Davis, 75‑5
Endocytosis, 27‑3 stress, 43‑2 Davis, modified, 75‑5
Endoergic impact, 72‑18 value, 86‑2 Deutsch-Anderson, 34‑9
Endogenous Engineers differential, 10‑1
decay, 28‑7 dealing with, 89‑3 Donnan, 31‑7
decay coefficient, 28‑7, 30‑8 Joint Contracts Documents dose, 26‑9
Endoplasmic reticulum, 27‑2 Committee (ftn), 88-5 Dupuit, 21‑6, 80-12
Endosulfan, 32‑13 Engineers’ Creed, 89‑1 ellipse, 31‑7
Engineering News Record, 38‑2 three-dimensional, 41‑22 standard, 11‑13

ENR, 38‑2 unstable, 72‑2 straight line (ftn), 45‑22
Euler’s, 3‑9, 10‑5 Equipment sum, 78‑5
extended Bernoulli, 17‑16 angle measurement, 78‑12 terms (tbl), 85‑3
first-order, 10‑1 compaction (fig), 35‑19 type, 85‑2
Francis weir, 19‑12 earth-handling, 80‑9 type I, 11‑15
Gauss’ hypergeometric, 10‑5 rolling, 76‑9 type II, 11‑15
Hagen-Poiseuille, 17‑7 Equipotential line, 17‑4, 21‑8 Errors and omissions insurance, 88‑8
Hazen’s, 35‑23 Equity, 87‑36 ESAL, 76‑17
Hazen-Williams, 17‑9 Equivalence economic, 87‑5 18–kip, 76‑20
Henderson-Hasselbach, 27‑3 Equivalency Escape velocity, 72‑22
homogeneous, 3‑7 factor, flexible pavement, A‑182, Escarpment, G‑7
homogeneous differential, 10‑1, 10‑2 A‑183, A‑184 Escherichia coli, 27‑3
Horton, 19‑14, 21‑10 factor, rigid pavement, A‑185, A‑186, Escherichieae coli (see also E. coli), G‑7
Horton-Einstein, 19‑11 A‑187 Escort vehicle, 74‑3
interaction, 62‑2 Equivalent, 22‑6 ESP
Jacob’s, 21‑7 annual cost, 87‑16 collection efficiency, 34‑9
Karman-Nikuradse, 17‑6 axial compression method, 62‑2 design parameter (tbl), 34‑10
layer-thickness, 76‑22 CaCO3, 22‑22 power density, 34‑10
Legendre, 10‑6 centrifuge kerosene, 76‑14 removal efficiency, 34‑9
linear, 3‑7 chemical, 22‑6 tubular (ftn), 34‑8
linear differential, 10‑1 diameter, 16‑7, 17‑45 Espey
Lloyd-Davies (ftn), 20‑15 diameter (ftn), 16‑7 10-minute unit hydrograph, 20‑13
logistic, 27‑4 diameter (tbl), 16‑7 conveyance factors, 20‑14
factor, A‑194, A‑195
INDEX-E
Manning, 19‑4 method, 20‑13

Manning, nomograph, A‑83 fluid density, 37‑10 synthetic hydrograph, 20‑13
Mohr-Coulomb (ftn), 35‑26 fluid height, 15‑5 synthetic unit hydrograph, 20‑13
Monod’s, 28‑7 fluid height (tbl), 15‑5 Ester (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑3
Nikuradse, 17‑6 fluid pressure, 37‑10 Estimate, precise, 85‑2
nonhomogeneous, 3‑7 fluid specific weight, 37‑10 Estimating
nonhomogeneous differential, 10‑1, 10‑4 fluid weight, 37‑10 cost, 86‑3
nonlinear, 10‑1 frame method, 51‑6 parameter method, 86‑6
nonparametric, 3‑2 hydrostatic pressure, 37‑10 Estimation crash, 75‑17
NRC, 29‑11 investment, life of (ftn), 87‑40 Estimator, 86‑3
NRCS lag, 20‑4 Joule, 13‑1 unbiased, 11‑12, 11‑13
O’Connor and Dobbins, 28‑8 length, 17‑13, A-63 Estuary, G‑7
of condition, 46‑1 length, fittings, A‑63 Ethanol, 24‑8
parametric, 3‑2 length, method of, 17‑13 Ether (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑3
quadratic, 3‑4, 7‑9 pressure, 37‑10 Ethical priority, 89‑2
rational, 20‑15 resultant force, 41‑5 Ethics, 89‑2
reduced, 10‑1 single-axle load, 76‑17 code of, 89‑1
Refutas, 14‑17 spring constant, 45‑22 Ethyl alcohol, 24‑8
Rehbock weir, 19‑12 truck/bus/RV, 73‑8 EUAC versus age at retirement (fig), 87‑20
Rohsenow, 14‑12 uniform annual cost, 87‑7, 87‑16 Eukaryote, 27‑1
Schaake, Geyer, and Knapp, 20‑15 vector (ftn), 5‑1 Euler
SCS lag, 20‑12 vehicle, 73‑8 buckling, 61‑2
second-order, 10‑1 water chemistry, A‑94 buckling load, 53‑5
simultaneous linear, 3‑7 weight, 22‑6, G-7 buckling load theory, 61‑2
steady-flow energy, 16‑2 weight, milligram, 22‑12 load, 45‑3, 61‑2
Streeter-Phelps, 28‑11 Equivalents number (tbl), 1‑10
Swamee-Jain, 17‑6 calcium carbonate, A‑94 stress, 45‑3
tension field action, 63‑4 population, 28‑3 Euler’s
Terzaghi-Meyerhof, 36‑3 velocity, 21‑3 constant, 9‑9
Theis, 21‑7 Erf, 9‑9 curve, 45‑3, 45‑4
Thiem, 21‑6 Erg, 1‑5, A-4 equation, 3‑9, 10‑5
three-moment, 46‑5 Erodible equation of motion, 72‑10
Torricelli, 17‑17 channel, 19‑28 European method, distance measurement,
Velz, 29‑12 channel side-slope, 19‑28 78‑8
water balance, 20‑2 channel velocity, 19‑28 Eutrophic, G‑7
water budget, 20‑2 Erosion Eutrophication, 25‑8, G-7
Weisbach, 17‑7 check, 80‑11 Evaluation
Zuber, 14‑12 control, 80‑10 economic, 73‑28
Equiangular rosette, 85‑13 control fabric, 80‑12 live-load factor, 74‑4
Equilateral hyperbola, 7‑12 corrosion, 22‑21 nondestructive, 43‑13
Equilibrium, 72‑2 Error, 11‑12 Evaporation, 10‑11
charge, 34‑9 accidental, 85‑2 pan, 20‑23
chemical, 22‑13, 22‑15 analysis, 78‑2, 78‑3 reservoir, 20‑23
condition, 41‑7 computed quantity, 78‑4 Evaporite, G‑7
condition, force system (tbl), 41‑7 driver, 75‑9 Evapotranspiration, G‑7
constant, 22‑15 false positive, 11‑15 Even
dynamic, 72-5, 72‑6 fixed, 85‑2 symmetry, curve, 7‑4
elevation, 79‑10 function, 9‑9, 11‑9, A-17 symmetry (tbl), 9‑8
isopiestic (ftn), 14‑11 function, complementary, 11‑9, A-17 Event, 11‑3, 86-11
method, beam, 47‑18 function values for positive x values, dependent, 11‑3
neutral, 72‑2 A‑17 independent, 11‑3
phase, 72‑6 limits range, 85‑7 numerical, 11‑4
simulated (ftn), 72‑6 magnitude, 85‑3 sample space, 11‑3
stable, 72‑2 of the mean, probable, 78‑2 Exact, first-order, 10‑3
static, 15‑18 order of, 78‑5 Exaggeration vertical, 78‑22
static (ftn), 41‑7 probable, 78‑2 Exam
product, 78‑4 date, 90‑3
engineering, professional, 90‑1 function, integral, 9‑9 material recovery, 31‑10

Fundamentals of Engineering, 90‑1 gradient factor, 87‑27 storage, 33‑2
licensing, 90‑1, 90‑2 gradient series cash flow, 87‑4 terminology, 73‑3
Examination growth, 3‑13, 10‑10 transportation, 75‑16
date, 90‑3 growth curve, bounded, 27‑4 treatment, 33‑2
licensing, 90‑1, 90‑2 growth phase, 27‑4 waste-to-energy, 31‑10
Excavation, 39-1, 80‑2, 83‑3 growth rate, 87‑4 Factor (see also type)
by soil type (fig), 83‑5 reliability, 11‑10 absorption, 34‑22
common, 80‑2 Exponentially adhesion, 38‑4
cost, 80‑9 decreasing cash flow, 87‑27 base plate cantilever, 61‑11
height, critical, 39‑3 weighted forecast, 87‑44 bearing capacity, 36‑3
layered soil (fig), 83‑6 Exposed bearing capacity (tbl), 36‑4
rock, 80‑2 fraction, 15‑16 behavior, 73‑9
safety, 83‑3 surface area, reaction, 22‑14 bioaccumulation, G‑3
toe, 39‑2 Exposure, 48‑10 bioconcentration, G‑3
Exceedance ratio, 11‑13 category, 48‑10 biomagnification, G‑3
Excess factor, 26‑25 bolt torque, 45‑15
air, 22‑9, 24‑13 highway safety, 75‑17 bulking, 80‑1
air, in concrete, 49‑3 level, noise (tbl), 83‑8 calibration, 75‑17
capacity, 87‑33 limit, permissible, 83‑8 capacity reduction, 45‑2, 50-4
expected average crash frequency, time, particle, 34‑9 carryover, 47‑14
75‑18 Exsec function, 6‑5 cash flow, 87-6 A‑194, A‑195
kurtosis, 11‑15 Exsecant, 6‑5 cash flow, discounting, 87‑6
spherical, 6‑7 Extended cement, 49‑2
value, 75‑18
INDEX-F
aeration, 30‑3 centrifugal, 79‑8
water, in concrete, 49‑3 Bernoulli equation, 17‑16 compaction, 31‑2
Exchange ion, process, 22‑23 Extending screed, 76‑7 compressibility (ftn), 14‑14
Excitation, motor, 84‑17 Exterior span moment distribution (tbl), condition, 74‑5
Exemplary damages, 88‑8 51‑7 conversion, A‑1
Exemption, industrial, 90‑1 External conveyance, open channel, A‑86, A‑88
Exertion, BOD, 28‑9 force, 41‑2, 72-2 conveyance, trapezoidal channel, A‑86
Exfoliation, 22‑20 friction angle, 37‑3, 37‑6 crash, 75‑9
Exhaustion, premature, 29‑14 friction angle (tbl), 37‑4 crash modification, 75‑18
Exit investment, 87‑14 Cunningham correction, 34‑9
centrifugal pump, 18‑2 pressure, 15‑14 Cunningham slip, 34‑9
high-speed, 73‑32 rate of return, 87‑13 Darcy friction, 17‑5, A-56
pipe, 17‑14 work, 13‑2 dead-load, 74‑4
spiral, 79‑20 Extraction directional, 73‑5
Exocytosis, 27‑3 drain, 31‑7 directional distribution, 76‑18
Exoergic impact (ftn), 72‑18 method, 76‑10 directionality, 73‑5
Exothermic reaction, 22‑19 vacuum, 34‑23 discount (tbl), 87‑8
Expansion well, gas, 31‑6 distribution, 47‑14
by cofactor, 4‑3 Extra-flexible hoisting rope, 45‑22 driver population adjustment, 73‑9
factor, 17‑34 Extraneous root, 3‑4 durability, 49‑1
factor (fig), 17‑34 Extrema point, 8‑2 economic analysis, A‑194, A‑195
joint, 77‑12 Extreme effective length, 53‑3, 61‑3
linear, coefficient, 44‑4 fiber, 42‑7, 44‑12 effective length (tbl), 61‑3
series, 8‑8 fiber stress, 44‑12 effective length, wall, 54‑2
thermal, coefficient, 44‑4 operating point, 18‑19 end-restraint, 61‑3
thermal coefficient of (ftn), 14‑14 point, 8‑2 epoxy coating, 55‑6
volumetric, coefficient, 44‑4 shear stress, 44‑6 evaluation live-load, 74‑4
Expected tension steel, 50‑5 expansion, 17‑34
average crash frequency, 75‑18 Extrinsic waste, 32‑2 expansion (fig), 17‑34
value, 11‑8, 78-2, 87-31 Extrusive igneous rock, 35‑33 exponential gradient, 87‑27
Expense, 87‑33 Eyebar famililarity, 73‑9
account (ftn), 87‑38 assembly (fig), 60‑7 fatigue notch, 43‑11
administrative, 87‑34 bridge, 60‑6 fatigue stress concentration, 43‑11
artificial, 87‑21 design, 60‑6 filler, 65‑4
classification, typical (tbl), 87‑34 flexural amplification, 62‑2
general, selling, and administrative, F flow, 17‑15
87‑33 F friction, 77‑8
marketing, 87‑34 -shape barrier, 75‑14 friction, pavement (fig), 77‑11
selling, 87‑34 -waste, 32‑2 gage, 85‑9
Expensing the asset, 87‑21 FAA formula, 20‑4 growth, 76‑18
Experiment Fabric growth projection, 76‑18
accuracy, 11‑12 ditch lining, 80‑12 Harmon’s peaking, 28‑3
insensitivity, 11‑12 erosion control, 80‑12 heavy vehicle, 73‑9
precision, 11‑12 loading, 34‑6 human, 75‑9
reliability, 11‑12 nonwoven, 40‑11 impact, 16‑5, 40-10
stability, 11‑12 reinforcing, 40‑11 in crash, bicyclist, 75‑11
Explement angle, 78‑14 woven, 40‑11 in crash, intersection, 75‑10
Explosive power, ton of, 1‑7 Face in crash, pedestrian, 75‑11
Exponent, 3‑5 angle, 6‑6 in crash, roadway segment, 75‑10
polytropic, 15‑14 brick, 67‑3 instrument, 78‑8
rule, 3‑5 shell mortar bedding, 68‑4 integrating, 10‑2
strain-hardening, 43‑6 value, bond, 87‑30 irreducible, 87‑3
Exponential velocity, 21‑4, 34-5 joint quality, 16‑11
decay, 10‑10 Facilitated diffusion, 27‑3 judgment, 87‑3
distribution, 11‑6, 11‑10 Facility lane and shoulder adjustment, 73‑14
distribution, negative, 11‑9 data, 75‑17 lane distribution, 76‑18
form, 3‑8 disposal, 33‑2 lane distribution (tbl), 76‑19
lateral torsional buckling, 59‑4 base circle, 40‑8 boiler, characteristics, 22‑24
lightweight aggregate, 50-16, 55‑2, 55‑6 block shear, 60‑4 Feldspar, 35‑33
live-load, 74‑4 block shear (fig), 60‑4 Fence, silt, 80‑12
load, 40‑10, 50-3 brittle, 43‑15, 50‑5 Fenvalerate, 32‑13
load (haulage), 80‑1 conditional probability of, 11‑9 Fermentation, 27‑10
load, bedding, 40‑10 cup-and-cone, 43‑5 Ferritic stainless steel (ftn), 22‑21
load equivalency, 76‑18 ductile, mode, 50‑6 Ferrous alloy, true and engineering stress
loading, 31‑3 energy versus temperature (fig), 43‑16 and strain (fig), 43‑6
long-term deflection, 56‑3 envelope, 35‑26 Ferrule, ceramic, 64‑4
Meyerhof, 36‑4 fatigue, 43‑10 FFS (see Free-flow speed), 73‑10
Meyerhof (tbl), 36‑4 fracture, 74‑2 FFT, 9‑8
moment, 59‑4 line, 35‑26 analyzer, 9‑8
moment amplification, 62‑2 mean time before (ftn), 11‑9 Fiber
nonquantifiable, 87‑3 mean time to, 11‑9 core wire rope, 45‑23
nonquantitative, 87‑3 mode, steel beam, 59‑4 extreme, 42‑7
nut, 45‑14 shear, soil, 36‑3 -reinforced concrete, 48‑7, 48‑3
of safety, overturning, 15‑12 slope circle, 40‑8 -reinforced concrete, steel, 77-14
of safety, sliding, 15‑12 soil, 35‑26 Fiberglass, 32‑5
overload, 45‑2 toe circle, 40‑8 Fiduciary responsibility, 88‑3
peak hour, 73‑6 veneer, 31‑4 Field
peaking, 28‑2 Faith of an Engineer (ftn), 89‑1 capacity, 31‑7
phase, 84‑8 Fall condition, crash, 75‑19
pipe, 16‑9 arrest system, 83‑7 condition, transportation, 75‑16
piping geometry, 17‑15 protection, 83‑7, 83‑9 density test, 35‑21
plastification, web, 63‑7 inverse-square attractive, 72‑21
INDEX-F
Falling
power, 84‑8, 84‑10 -head test, 35‑24 inverse-square repulsive, 72‑21
reinforcement location, 55‑6 limb, 20‑7 File hardness, 43‑14
reinforcement size, 55‑6 mass energy, 13‑3 Fill, 80‑2
resistance, 74‑5 weight deflectometer, 76‑17 and cut, 80‑2
Reynolds number, 17‑15 False broad, 40‑9
roadway or environmental, 75‑9 position method (ftn), 12‑2 embankment, 40‑9
section, 19‑3 positive error, 11‑15 Filled metal deck, 57‑4
separation, 34‑8 Familiarity factor, 73‑9 Filler
service, 84‑14 Family factor, 65‑4
service (ftn), 72‑7 chemical, 22‑2 metal, 66‑1
shape, 35‑24, 36‑3 organic compound, 23‑1, 23‑2, 23‑3 metal, material, 58‑4
side friction, 38‑3, 72-9, 79-8 Fan brake, 85‑14 mineral, 76‑3
single payment present worth, 87‑6 Fanning friction factor (ftn), 17‑5 Fillet
sinking fund, 87‑7 Faraday, 84‑2, A-1 weld, 45‑15, 66‑2, 66‑9
size, 55‑5 Faraday’s law of induction, 17‑29 weld, size, minimum (tbl), 66‑4
slenderness, reduction, 68‑8 Fast weld (fig), 66‑3
stability correlation (tbl), 76‑12 Fourier transform, 9‑8 Film coefficient, 30‑18
stadia interval, 78‑8 track pavement, 76‑30 Filming amine, 22‑25
standard cash flow, A‑194 tracking, 86‑10 Filter
stiffness reduction, axial load, 53‑4 Fastener, 45‑10, 65‑1 backwashing, 26‑14
stiffness reduction, lateral load, 53‑3 allowable, 65‑3 berm, 32‑15
strain sensitivity, 85‑9 available load, 65‑3 biofilm, 26‑15
strength reduction, 50‑4, 50‑5 critical, 45‑19 biological, 29‑9
stress concentration, 44‑5 stress, static loading (tbl), 65‑3 cake, 30‑22
stress concentration, press fit, 45‑9 tension connection (fig), 65‑6 chamber, 32‑15
stripping, 34‑22 Fatigue cloth, 40‑11, 80-12
surface area, 76‑7 corrosion, 22‑21 drag, 34‑6
surface finish, 43‑11 damage value, relative, 76‑21 drag model, 34‑6
swell, 80‑1 failure, 43‑10 dual-layer, 26‑14
system, 74‑5 life, 43‑10 fixed media, 29‑9
T-, 73‑9 limit state (ftn), 74‑4 fly, 29‑9
table, economic analysis, A‑194, A‑195 loading, 58‑6 high-rate, 29‑9
Terzaghi, 36‑4 low-cycle, 43‑10 low-rate, 29‑9
Terzaghi (tbl), 36‑3 notch factor, 43‑11 multi-layer, 26‑14
time, 40‑6 notch sensitivity, 43‑11 multi-media, 26‑14
transverse sensitivity, 85‑9 ratio, 43‑10 others, 26‑15
truck, 76‑18 resistance, pavement, 76‑4 polishing, 29‑13
utilization, 73‑29 strength, 43‑10 porous, 21‑5
vehicle, 75‑9 stress concentration factor, 43‑11, 44‑5 press, belt, 30‑19
velocity of approach, 17‑31 test, 43‑10 press, recessed plate, 30‑19
Vesic, 36‑4 Fatty acid, 27‑10 pressure, 26‑15
Vesic (tbl), 36‑4 Fatty acid (tbl), 23‑2 ratio, 34‑5
wall shear stress (ftn), 17‑5 Faulting pavement, 76‑4 resistance, 34‑6
weighting, 87‑44 Faying surface, 22‑21, 65-3 roughing, 29‑9
yield, 27‑12 Fecal coliform, 27‑9, G-7 sand, 26‑14, 29-13
Factored Fee sand, bed, 32‑15
load, 50‑3 fixed, cost plus, 88‑5 sand, rapid, 26‑14
moment, slab beam, 51‑7 lump-sum, 88‑5 sand, slow, 26‑15
Factorial, 3‑3 per diem, 88‑5 specific area, 29‑10
Factoring polynomial, 3‑4 percentage of construction cost, 88‑5 standard-rate, 29‑9
Factory cost, 87‑34, 87‑38 projection, 86‑2 super high-rate, 29‑9
Facultative, G-7 retainer, 88‑5 trickling, 29‑9
bacteria, 27‑6 salary plus, 88‑5 two-stage trickling, 29‑11
heterotroph, 27‑8 structure, 88‑5 vacuum drum, 30‑19
pond, 29‑4 Feedwater Filtering velocity, 34‑5
Failure, 11‑3 boiler, 22‑24 Filtration, 26‑14
complete, 26‑2 percentage on diminishing balance time, 86‑12

conventional, 26‑2 method (ftn), 87‑22 total, G‑16
direct, 26‑2 -point iteration, 12‑2 wooden, 83‑10
in-line, 26‑2 pulley, 41‑12 Floatable, 29‑7
pressure, 30‑19 solids, 30‑4 Floating object, 15‑16, 15‑18
time, 34‑6 suspended solids, 25‑10 Floc, 26‑8, G-7
Final -time controller, 73‑20 Flocculation, 26‑13, 34-24
clarifier, 29‑13, 30‑3 -time cycle, 73‑20 additive, 26‑9
clarifier, characteristics, 30‑6 vector (ftn), 5‑1 chemical, 29‑8
cover, 31‑4 Fixity, 61‑3 tapered, 26‑13
Financing cost, 86‑5 Flagella, 27‑2, 27‑8 Flocculator, 26‑11, 29-8
Fine Flagellate, 27‑8 -clarifier, 26‑13
aggregate, 48‑2, 76-3 Flagellated protozoa, 27‑8 -clarifier characteristic (tbl), 26‑13
aggregate, properties, 49‑2 Flame Flood, 20‑6
screen, wastewater, 29‑5 temperature, 24‑16 control dam, 20‑23
Fineness modulus, 48‑3 temperature, peak, 32‑10 damaging, 20‑6
Fines, 24‑5, 35-4, G-7 Flange, 42‑5 design, 20‑5, 20‑7
fraction, 35‑4 design, 63‑2 design basis, 20‑7
Finish plate girder, 63‑2, 63‑3 devastating, 20‑6
surface, 2-4, 43‑11 stiffener, 44‑20, 59‑18 hundred year, 20‑7
surface, steel, 65‑4 stiffener (fig), 59‑18 nuisance, 20‑6
surface (fig), 43‑11 strength, 63‑3 one percent, 20‑7
Finite series, 3‑13 width, effective, AASHTO, 57‑3 probability, 20‑7
Fire width, effective (fig), 50‑18 probable maximum, 20‑7
routing, 20‑24
INDEX-F
fighting demand, 26‑24 Flanged beam, web (fig), 44‑11
fighting duration, 26‑25 Flap, 17‑42 standard, 20‑7
flow, 26‑24 Flare, 31‑6, 34‑16 standard project, 20‑7
flow, basic, 26‑24 curb, 79‑5 Flooding, 34‑2, 34‑23
flow, ISO, 26‑25 parabolic, 79‑5 velocity, 34‑2
flow, needed, 26‑24 Flash Floor
hydrant, 26‑26 mixer, 26‑11 area, 82‑7
resistance standard, 82‑5 point (ftn), 24‑6 beam, 59‑2
resistivity, 82‑4 set, 49‑6 open grid, 57‑4
testing, door assemblies, 82‑4 Flashover, 34‑9 system, slab-beam (fig), 50‑3
First Flat Flotation, G‑7
area moment, 42‑3 belt friction (fig), 72‑7 thickening, dissolved air, 30‑16
derivative, 8‑1 friction, 72‑6 Flow, 73‑7
flush, 32‑15 plate, 45‑21, 51‑5 accelerated, 19‑23, G-1
-in, first-out method, 87‑39 plate, uniform pressure (tbl), 45‑21 around a cylinder, 17‑43, 17‑46
law of cosines, 6‑7 slab, 51‑5 base, 20‑7, G-3
law of thermodynamics (ftn), 13‑2 Flatworm, 27‑8 base (ftn), 20‑7
moment of a function, 9‑6 Flexibility choked, 19‑22
moment of area, 42‑3, 46‑6 coefficient, 47‑9 coefficient, valve, 17‑15
-order analysis, 53‑1 method, 47‑3, 47‑7 coefficient of, 17‑32
-order analysis, linear elastic, 47‑2 pavement, 76‑4 control, 19‑22
-order differential equation, 10‑1 Flexible critical, 16‑8, 19‑19, G-5
-order, exact, 10‑3 bulkhead, 39‑5 culvert, 19‑30
-order, linear, 10‑2 connection, 65‑7 culvert, classification (fig), 19‑31
order, survey accuracy, 78‑5 diaphragm, 68‑14 curve, 35‑22, 43-6
-stage demand, G‑7 membrane liner, 31‑3, 31‑4 decelerated, 19‑23
Fish, toxic effects on, 25‑9 pavement, 76‑11, 76‑30, G-7 dry weather, G‑6
Fisher’s pavement, design, AASHTO method, dry weather (ftn), 20‑7
kurtosis, 11‑14 76‑19 energy, 13‑4
skewness, 11‑14 pavement, equivalency factor, A‑182, energy (ftn), 16‑2
Fission, binary, 27‑8, G-3 A‑183, A‑184 equalization, 29‑3, 34‑23
Fit pavement, minimum thickness, 76‑22, factor, 17‑15
interference, 45‑7 76‑26 front velocity, 21‑4
press, 45‑7 pavement design nomograph, fully turbulent, 16‑8, 17‑5
shrink, 45‑7 AASHTO (fig), 76‑24 gravity, 16‑6, 18‑5
Fitting, 17‑13 pavement structural design, 76‑17 in circular channels, A‑84
screwed (ftn), 17‑13 pipe, 40‑9 laminar, 16‑8
threaded (ftn), 17‑13 Flexural line, 21‑8, 29-2
Fittings, equivalent length, A‑63 amplification factor, 62‑2 maximum, 73‑7
Fixation, nitrogen, G‑11 buckling, 61‑2 measurement, 17‑28, 26‑4
Fixed center, 45‑18 net, 20‑7, 21‑8, 21‑9
angle jib, 83‑10 -compressive force relationship, 62‑2 net, seepage, 21‑8
asset, 87‑36 design strength, 59‑5 nonuniform, 19‑2, 19‑16, 19‑22
axis, rotation, 72‑2 /force interaction equation, 62‑2 nozzle, 17‑34
-base method, 20‑8 magnifier, 62‑2 number, 26‑12
carbon, 24‑5 moment (ftn), 44‑8 of water, steel pipe, A‑62
cost, 86‑9, 87‑33 reinforcement, selection, 55‑4 open channel, 16‑6
dissolved solids, 25‑10 rigidity, 44‑3 over flat plate, 17‑47
element, 73‑3 stiffness, 47‑14, 53‑4 overland, 20‑7, G-12
end, 46‑7 strength, 77‑6 overland (ftn), 20‑7
-end beam, 46‑2, 46‑7 stress, 44‑11 -pacing chlorinator, 29‑14
-end moment, 46‑7, A-140 Flexure slab design, 51‑3 rapid, 19‑17, G-13
error, 85‑2 Flint, 35‑33 rate, 15 min passenger car equivalent,
flux (ftn), 26‑23 Flipped sine, 6‑5 73‑11
jib, 83‑10 Float, 86‑12, G-7 rate, 26-14, 73‑7, 73‑9
media filter, 29‑9 independent, G‑9 rate, maximum service, 73‑5
percentage of book value (ftn), 87‑22 steam trap, 16‑15 rate, peak pedestrian, 73‑22
rate, pedestrian unit, 73‑22 velocity, maximum, 17‑3 normal, 15-12, 72‑6, 75‑6
rate, saturation, 73‑16, 73‑17 viscosity type, 14‑6 normal, on a dam, 15‑12
rate, service, 73‑6, 73‑11 Fluidity, 14‑7 normal (ftn), 72‑5
rate, volumetric, 17‑3 Fluidized on a dam, 15‑12
rate equation, 26‑12 -bed boiler, 34‑11 on blade, jet, 17‑37
rate of, 73‑5, 73‑7 -bed combustion, 24‑5 on pipe bend, 17‑39
ratio, 73‑16 -bed combustor, 34‑10 on plate, jet, 17‑36
regime, G‑7 -bed combustor (fig), 34‑10 point, 41‑2
regime, subsonic (ftn), 14‑16 Fluke, 27‑8 pound, A‑4
resistance, 34‑6 Flume, G‑7 quadratic velocity-dependent, 72‑20
retarded, G‑14 Parshall, 19‑15 reversed effective (ftn), 72‑6
rough-pipe, 17‑5 Parshall, K-values (tbl), 19‑15 specific, 19‑16
shear, 45‑17 Fluoridation, 26‑15 system equilibrium condition (tbl),
sheet, 20‑3 chemicals, 25‑7 41‑7
shooting, G‑15 Fluoride ion, in water, 25‑6 system, type, 41‑6
steady, 19‑2, G-15 Fluorosis, 25‑6 tendon jacking, 50‑4
steady, well, 21‑6 Flush tensile, 41‑18
streamline, 16‑8 air, G‑1 tension, 41‑18
subcritical, 19‑17, G-15 first, 32‑15 tractive, 75‑3
subsurface, 20‑7 Flushing, 76‑15 tractive, locomotive, 75‑5
supercritical, 19‑17, G-16 pavement, 76‑4 unbalanced, 41‑2, 72-5
surface, 20‑7 Flushing (ftn), 76‑15 uplift, 21‑9
surface (ftn), 20‑7 Flux, 66‑2 velocity-dependent, 72‑20
through, profit, 88‑2 -cored arc welding, 66‑2 web, 59‑17
INDEX-F
-through velocity, 26‑6 Darcy, 21‑4 work performed by, 9‑4

tranquil, 19‑17, G-16 momentum (ftn), 17‑15 Forcing function, 10‑1, 10‑4
tubular, 30‑7 Fly Forebay, 18‑26, G-7
turbulent, 16‑8, 17‑5 ash, 24‑3, 48-2 Forecast, 87‑44
type, 19‑2 ash, class C, 77‑13 exponentially weighted, 87‑44
type-n, culvert, 19‑30 ash, class F, 77‑13 Forecasting, 87‑44
uniform, 16‑10, 19‑2, 19‑3, 19‑7, G-17 ash, pavement, 77‑13 moving average, 87‑44
uninterrupted, 73‑3 filter, 29‑9 Foresight, 78‑10
unit width, 73‑22 Flying form, 49‑7 Form
unsteady, well, 21‑7 Focus, 7‑10 center-radius, 7‑10
value, asphalt mix, 76‑12 Food-to-microorganism ratio, 30‑4 cis, 3‑9
varied, 19‑23 Foot concrete, 49‑6
varied, G‑17 board, 1‑8 drag, 17‑43
versus density (fig), 73‑8 crow’s, 81‑3 exponential, 3‑8
viscous, 16‑8 standard cubic, 24‑2 flying, 49‑7
work, 13‑4 Footing, 36‑2 functional, 3‑2
Flowable concrete, 48‑8 cantilever, 36‑2 general, 7‑5
Flowchart column, 36‑2, 55-3 intercept, 7‑5
analysis (fig), 59‑7 combined, 36‑2 log-linear, 3‑13
design (fig), 59‑9 concrete, 55‑1 Newton (ftn), 12‑3
Flowing well, G‑7 eccentric load, 36‑9 normal, 7‑5
Flowmeter isolated, 36‑2 operational, log, 3‑6
electromagnetic, 17‑29 loading (fig), 55‑2 phasor, 3‑8, 84-5
magnetic, 17‑29 overturning moment (fig), 36‑9 phasor, vector, 5‑2
ultrasonic, 17‑29 spread, 36‑2 point-slope, 7‑5
Flue strip, 36‑2 polar, 3‑9, 7‑5
gas, 24‑13 wall, 36‑2, 55-2 polar, vector, 5‑2
gas (ftn), 32‑4 Force (see also type), 41‑2, 72-2 rectangular, 3‑8
gas calculation, 24‑14 accelerating, railroad, 75‑5 rectangular, vector, 5‑2
gas cleanup, 32‑2 adfreeze, 38‑6 row canonical, 4‑2
gas desulfurization, 24‑5, 34-2 amplification, 41‑11 row-reduced echelon, 4‑1
gas dew-point, 24‑15 axial member, 41‑12 slope-intercept, 7‑5
gas recirculation, 34‑10 buoyant, 15‑15 standard, 7‑9
gas temperature, 24‑14 center of, 72‑21 standard polynomial, 3‑2
Fluid centrifugal, 72‑5 tie, 49‑7
Bingham, 14‑7 centripetal, 72‑5 trigonometric, 3‑8
density, 14‑3 centripetal (fig), 72‑5 two-point, 7‑5
dilatant, 14‑7 component and direction angle (fig), Formality, 22‑11
friction, 72‑6 41‑2 Formation
height equivalent, 15‑6 concentrated, 41‑2 artesian, G‑2
height equivalent (tbl), 15‑5 constant, 72‑2 constant, 22‑16
ideal, 14‑2 conversions, SI, A‑4 enthalpy, 22‑18, 22‑19
mass, accelerating, 15‑20 -couple system, 41‑4 heat of, 22‑18
mass, rotating, 15‑21 downdrag, 38‑6 Forming, slip, 49‑7
mixture problem (fig), 10‑9 draft air injection, 26‑4 Forms, concrete pressure on, 49‑8
Newtonian, 14‑2, 14‑7 equivalent resultant, 41‑5 Formula
non-Newtonian, 14‑2 external, 41‑2, 72-2 Babcock, 17‑11
pressure, 14‑2, 15‑15 field, central, 72‑21 Camp, 29‑6
pseudoplastic, 14‑7 g-, 72‑4 Cardano’s, 3‑4
real, 14‑2 impulsive, 72‑15 chemical, 22‑4, A-98
rheopectic, 14‑8 inertial, 70‑2, 72‑6 Churchill, 28‑8
shear stress, 14‑7 inertial resisting, 75‑3 Colding, 31‑7
specific weight, equivalent, 37‑10 internal, 41‑2, 41‑14, 72-2 Donnan, 31‑7
stream coordinates (fig), 17‑19 linear-velocity-dependent, 72‑20 double-angle, 6‑4
thixotropic, 14‑8 main, 28‑4, G-7 Dulong’s, 24‑15
type, 14‑2 majeure, 88‑4 empirical, 22‑6
member, 41‑18 FAA, 20‑4
G.K. (ftn), 19‑3 Francis flat belt (fig), 72‑7

half-angle, 6‑4 turbine, 18‑25 fluid, 72‑6
Hazen’s, 21‑3, 35-23 weir equation, 19‑12 head, 18‑6
J. B. Johnson, 45‑4 Frangible coupling base, 75‑14 head loss, 17‑5
kinematic wave, 20‑4 Fraud, 88‑6 head loss (ftn), 17‑5
Korteweg, 17‑41 compensatory, 88‑6 heating (ftn), 17‑5
Lagrange’s, 5‑5 statute of (ftn), 88‑3 horsepower, 18‑9
Maney, 45‑15 Fraudulent act, 88‑6 internal, angle of, 35‑17, 35‑26, 40‑8
Manning, 19‑4 Free 43-8,
Marston’s, 40‑9 aquifer, 21‑2 loss, gas, 17‑10
miscellaneous, angle, 6‑4 body, coordinate, diagram, 41‑22 loss, skin (ftn), 17‑5
NRC, 29‑11 body (fig), 41‑9 loss, slurry, 17‑12
O’Connor and Dobbins, 28‑8 -body diagram, 41‑9 loss, steam, 17‑10
Panhandle, 17‑11 chlorine residual, 25‑10 pile, 38‑1
parabolic column, 45‑4 -flow mode, 19‑15 pipe, 17‑15
power conversion (tbl), 13‑7 -flow speed, 73‑4, 73‑8, 73‑7, 73‑11 power, 18‑9
prismoidal, 80‑4 -flow speed, base, 73‑14 pressure drop (ftn), 17‑5
rational, 20‑15 moment, 41‑4, 41‑10 ratio, 35‑18
secant, 45‑5 moment (fig), 41‑10 sideways, 72‑9, 79-7
soil parameter, 35‑8 path, gas, 34‑9 skin, 17‑43
Spitzglass, 17‑11 pulley, 41‑12 skin, coefficient, 38‑3
Steel, 20‑5 residual, G‑7 skin, negative, 38‑6
Taylor’s, 8‑8 surface, 16‑6 static, 72‑6
two-angle, 6‑4 Freeboard distance, G‑7 turbulent flow, 17‑6, 17‑7
Freedom typical coefficients of (tbl), 72‑7
INDEX-F
uniform acceleration (tbl), 71‑4
Velz, 29‑12 degree of, 11-8, 47-11, 71‑2, 71‑12 unit shaft, 38‑3
weight, 22‑5 degree of, chi-squared, 11‑8 wall, soil, 37‑3
Weymouth, 17‑11 Freehaul, G‑7 Frictionless surface, 41‑7
Formwork, 49‑6 distance, 80‑8 Frontage road, G‑8
concrete pressure on, 49‑8 Freeman’s formula (ftn), 26‑25 Frontal
pressure on, 49‑8 Freeway, 73‑3, 73‑8, G-7 area, 17‑44
stay-in-place, 51‑9 weaving segment (fig), 73‑27 auxiliary view, 2‑2
Forward Freeze Frost
pass, G‑7 in piles, G‑8 damage, 76‑31
soil pressure, 37‑2 -thaw cycle, 76‑17 effect, 76‑17
stationing, 79‑4 /thaw, exposure category F, concrete, heave, 37‑13, 38‑6
tangent, 79‑2 48‑10 jacking, 38‑6
Foundation, 36‑1 Freezing, 76‑31 pavement, 76‑31
compensated, 36‑10 pavement, 76‑31 susceptibility, G‑8
shallow, 36‑1 Freight ton, 1‑7 Froude number, 17‑50, 19‑19
Fourier Freon, 32‑5 Froude number (tbl), 1‑10
analysis, 9‑7 Frequency Fuel
inversion, 9‑7 analysis (ftn), 9‑8 -bound NOx, 32‑10
number (tbl), 1‑10 carrier, 85‑4 consumption, vehicular, 75‑4
series, 9‑7 crash, 75‑17 diesel, 24‑7
transform, fast, 9‑8 crash (ftn), 75‑17 economy, 75‑3, 75‑4
waveform, 9‑8 distribution, 11‑11 heats of combustion, A‑108
Fourier’s theorem, 9‑7 distribution, step interval, 11‑11 loss, unburned, 24‑17
Four-phase signal, 73‑15 electrical, 84‑5 NOx, 32‑10
Fourth multiplier, 83‑8 oil, 24‑6
moment of the mean, 11‑14 natural, 9‑7 oxygenated, 32‑5
standardized moment, 11‑14 of occurrence, 20‑5 property (tbl), 24‑6
Fraction polygon, 11‑11 refuse-derived, 24‑4, 31-10
fines, 35‑4 storm, 20‑5 refuse-derived (tbl), 31‑10
gravimetric, 22‑6, 24‑2 Fresnel integral function (ftn), 9‑9 standard condition, gaseous, 24‑2
growth rate, 3‑12 Fretting corrosion, 22‑21 switching, 32‑16
inhalable, 32‑7 Friable, G‑8 tire-derived, 24‑4
ionized, HOCl, 26‑21 Friction (see also type), 17‑5 viscosity, A‑27
mole, 14‑6, 24‑2 angle, effective stress, 35‑26 waste, 24‑4
of ionization, 22‑16 angle, external, 37‑3, 37‑6 Fugitive
partial, 3‑6, 9‑3 angle, external (tbl), 37‑4 dust, 32‑7
partial pressure, 24‑2 angle, interfacial, 31‑4 emission, 32‑8, 34‑16
remaining curve, 26‑7 angle, interfacial (tbl), 31‑5 Full
removal, 30‑6 angle, soil (tbl), 37‑4 bridge, 85‑12
removed, total, 26‑7 angle, wall, 37‑6 cloverleaf, 73‑25
respirable, 32‑7 belt, 72‑7 composite action, 64‑3
submerged, 15‑16 brake, 85‑14 -depth asphalt concrete (fig), 76‑27
thoracic, 32‑7 coefficient, 65‑3 -depth asphalt pavement, 76‑2, 76-26,
volumetric, 24‑2 coefficient of, 15-12, 72‑6, 72‑7, 75‑6 76‑29
Fracture coefficient of, tire, 75‑6 -depth reclamation, 76‑29
appearance transition temperature, Coulomb, 72‑6 -lift safety valve, 16‑15
43‑16 course, open-graded, 76‑4 -load value, motor, 84‑14
critical, 74‑2 dynamic, 72‑6 mortar bedding, 68‑4
failure, 74‑2 factor, 77‑8 -penetration groove weld, 66‑2
strength, 43‑3 factor, Darcy, 17‑5, A-56 station, 78‑9
transition plastic temperature, 43‑15 factor, Darcy (ftn), 17‑5 -wave symmetry (tbl), 9‑8
Frame, 41‑13 factor, Fanning (ftn), 17‑5 Fully
deflection, 47‑5 factor, pavement (fig), 77‑11 amortized bond (ftn), 87‑30
inertial, 71‑10 factor chart, Moody, 17‑7 compensated foundation, 36‑10
wide beam (fig), 51‑6 factor chart, Moody (fig), 17‑8 prestressing, 56‑3
Framing connection, 65‑7 flat, 72‑6
restrained connection, 65‑7 corrosion, 22‑20 expense, 87‑33

turbulent flow, 16‑8, 17‑5 series, 22‑20 form, 7‑5
Fulvic acid, G‑8 series (tbl), 22‑20 ledger, 87‑35
Function Galvanized steel pipe, 16‑11 ledger system (ftn), 87‑35
analytic, 8‑1 Gamma integral function (ftn), 9‑9 motion, 72‑2
asymmetrical, 7‑4 Gantt chart, 86‑10 Motors barrier, 75‑14
binomial probability density, 11‑5 Gap, 73‑7, G-8 overhead, 86‑7
circular transcendental, 6‑2 critical, 73‑7 partner, 88‑1
continuous distribution, 11‑6 -graded, G‑8 plane motion, 72‑2
covers, 6‑5 -graded mixture, 76‑4 plant overhead, 87‑34
density, 11‑4 -graded soil, 35‑2 shear failure, 36‑3
error, 9‑9, 11‑9, A-17 traffic, 73‑7 term, 3‑11
exsec, 6‑5 Garbage, 24‑4, 31-1 triangle, 6‑6
first moment of, 9‑6 Gas, 34‑9 triangle (fig), 6‑6
forcing, 10‑1 absorption, 34‑2 Generation, trip, 73‑6
havers, 6‑5 absorption coefficients (tbl), 31‑9 Generator, 84‑16
hazard, 11‑9 acid, 32‑4 pollution, 32‑3
holomorphic, 8‑1 blast-furnace (ftn), 24‑8 Generator (ftn), 84‑13
hyperbolic, 6‑5 coke-oven (ftn), 24‑8 Generic collector collection efficiency, 34‑19
in a unit circle, trigonometric (fig), 6‑3 collection, 31‑6 Geobar, G‑8
integral, 9‑9 constant, universal, 14‑11 Geocell, G‑8
integral cosine, 9‑9 degradability (tbl), 34‑7 Geocomposite, G‑8
integral elliptic (ftn), 9‑9 desorption (ftn), 34‑2 liner, 31‑4
integral exponential, 9‑9 digester (see also Methane), 30‑17 Geodetic
INDEX-G
integral Fresnel (ftn), 9‑9 dissolved in liquid, 22‑10 dilution of position, 78‑6
integral gamma (ftn), 9‑9 extraction well, 31‑6 level, 78‑10
integral of combination, 9‑2 flue, 24‑13 survey, 78‑5
integral sine, 9‑9 friction loss, 17‑10 Geofoam, G‑8
Lagrange stream, 17‑4 greenhouse, 32‑9, 32‑10 Geographic Information System, 78‑7
mapping, 7‑3 incompressible (ftn), 16‑3 Geogrid, 31‑4, G-8
moment, 44‑14 landfill, 31‑5 Geoid, 78‑7
of an angle, 6‑2 liquefied petroleum, 24‑8 Geomat, G‑8
of related angle, 6‑3 manufactured (ftn), 24‑8 Geomembrane, 31‑4, G-8
performance, 11‑10 metal arc welding, 66‑2 Geometric
regular, 8‑1 methane, 30‑18 delay, 73‑15
safety performance, 75‑17 natural, 24‑8, 24‑12 design, airport, 79‑23
second moment of, 9‑7 noble, 22‑3 design, railway, 79‑23
stream, 17‑4 off-, 34‑21 growth, 3‑12
stream potential, 17‑4 producer (ftn), 24‑8 mean, 11‑13
symmetrical, 7‑4 properties, A‑107 sequence, 3‑12
transcendental, 8‑2 specific heat, 24‑2 series, 3‑13
trigonometric, 6‑2 stack, 24‑13 similarity, 17‑48
unit impulse, 10‑6 sulfur in stack, 32‑4 slope, 19‑3
unit step, 10‑6 synthetic, 24‑6, 24‑8 stress concentration, 44‑5
values for positive x values, comple‑ town (ftn), 24‑8 Geonet, G‑8
mentary, A‑17 wah, G‑17 Geopipe, G‑8
values for positive x values, error, A‑17 water (ftn), 24‑8 Geospacer, G‑8
vector, 5‑5 Gasification, 32‑14 Geostationary orbit, 72‑22
velocity potential, 17‑4 Gasohol, 24‑8 Geostrip, G‑8
vers, 6‑5 Gasoline, 24‑6 Geosynthetic, 31‑4, 40-11, G-8
well, 21‑7, 21‑8 characteristics, 32‑8 Geotechnical safety and risk mitigation,
Functional pollution, 32‑8 35‑33
form, 3‑2 reformulated, 24‑7 Geotextile, 40‑11
group, organic, 23‑1, 23‑3 Gate valve, 16‑13 specifications, 40‑12
Functionally obsolete, bridge, 74‑2 Gauge (see also Gage) symbols, A‑119, G‑8
Fund, sinking, 87‑7 bonded strain (ftn), 85‑9 Germain correlation, 29‑12
Fundamental theorem of calculus, 9‑4 diaphragm, 15‑2 Giardia cyst, 26‑22
Fundamentals of Engineering exam, 90‑1 draft (ftn), 15‑3 Girder, 59‑2
Fungi, 27‑8, G-8 dummy, 85‑10 AASHTO-PCI standard, section (fig),
Fungicide, 32‑13 nuclear, 35‑22 56-10
Furnace pitot (fig), 17‑30 depth, 63‑2
efficiency, 24‑17 pitot-static, 17‑30 hybrid, 63‑1
sorbent-injection, 24‑5 pitot-static (fig), 17‑30 plate, 59‑2, 63‑1
Future worth, 87‑5 staff, 19‑11 plate (fig), 63‑1
strain, 15-2, 85‑9, 85‑14 properties, AASHTO-PCI standard,
G unbonded strain (ftn), 85‑9 section (fig), 56‑9
g-force (ftn), 72‑4 wire, American, 84‑9 standard, AASHTO-PCI, 56‑8
G.K. formula (ftn), 19‑3 Gauge (ftn), 14‑3 web design, 63‑2
G-P system, 28‑4 Gauging, stream, 19‑2 Girt, 59‑2
Gabion wall, 37‑2 Gauss’ hypergeometric equation, 10‑5 GIS, 78‑7, G-8
GAC, 26‑15, 29-14 Gaussian distribution, 11‑6 Glacial till, G‑8
Gage (see also Gauge) Gauss-Jordan elimination, 4‑2 Glass, volcanic, 35‑33
factor, 85‑9 Gear Glauconite, 22‑23, 26‑18
pressure, 14‑3, 15‑2 motor, 18‑12 Global
pressure (ftn), 15‑7 overdrive, 75‑4 distillation, 32‑13
spacing, 60‑2 rotex, 83‑10 positioning system, 78‑6
Gage (ftn), 14‑3 Gelular resin, 26‑18 warming, 32‑9
Gaging, stream, G‑15 General Globe valve, 16‑13
Galton’s distribution, 11‑8 aviation airport, 79‑23 Glycol (tbl), 23‑2
Galvanic contractor, 88‑5 GM barrier, 75‑14
action, 22‑20 damages, 88‑8 GMT, G‑8
Gneiss, 35‑33 linear equation, 3‑8 profit, 87‑39

Gobar gas, G‑8 polynomial, 3‑4 rain, 20‑18
Gold point (ftn), 85‑6 Grashof number (tbl), 1‑10 rainfall, 20‑18
Golf ball, 17‑44 Grate-type street inlet, 28‑5 Ground
Golgi Gravel, G‑8 rod, 81‑4
apparatus, 27‑2 cohesion, 35‑27 rod (fig), 81‑5
complex, 27‑2 pack, well, 21‑5 stake, 81‑1
Gon, 78‑7 screen, 21‑5 stake, measurement, 81‑1
Gore, G‑8 Gravimetric Groundwater, G‑8
area, 73‑27 analysis, 22‑6, 24‑2 dewatering, 31‑7
GPS, 78‑6 fraction, 22‑6, 24‑2 table, 37‑10, 40-5
stand-alone navigational mode, 78‑6 Gravitation Groundwater (ftn), 20‑7
surveying, kinematic, 78‑7 Newton’s law of, 72‑21 Group
surveying, pseudokinematic, 78‑7 Newton’s law of universal, 72‑21 business, 83‑2
Grab Gravitational chemical, 22‑2
sample, 28‑16 constant, 1‑2, 72-21 dimensionless, 1‑8, 1‑10
sampling, 22‑25 energy, 13‑3, 16-1 dimensionless (tbl), 1‑10
Grad, angular measurement, 78‑7 energy (ftn), 16‑2 hydroxyl, 23‑1
Gradation, 35‑3 water, G‑8 index, 35‑4
Grade, 78‑7 Gravity occupancy, 82‑6
asphalt, 76‑3 altitude, 1‑2 occupancy (tbl), 82‑8
bolt, 45‑10 belt thickening, 30‑16 pace, 73‑5
change, rate of, 79‑12 center of, 70‑1 pile, 38‑5
line, 80‑2 dam (ftn), 15‑12 process, 86‑1
INDEX-H
line, energy, 16‑10, 17‑17 distribution, 26‑26 Grout, 67‑6
line, energy, without friction (fig), earth, 1‑2 -bonded concrete, 77‑14
16‑10 flow, 16‑6, 18‑5 compressive strength, 67‑6
line, hydraulic, 16‑10, 17‑17 sewer, 28‑4 modulus of elasticity, 67‑6
line, hydraulic, without friction (fig), specific, 14‑4, 35-8 slump, 67‑6
16‑10 standard, 1‑2 Grouted pile, 38‑7
point, 80‑2, 81‑3 thickening, 30‑15, 30‑16 Grouting, partial, 68‑6
point (fig), 81‑5 wall, 37‑1 Growth
resistance, 75‑3 well, 21‑2, 21‑5 bacterial (tbl), 27‑6
roadway, 75‑3 Grease, 28‑15, 29‑7 exponential, 3‑13, 10‑10
rod, 81‑4 Greek alphabet, 3‑1 factor, 76‑18
rod (fig), 81‑5 Green geometric, 3‑12
rod reading, 81‑4 bar, 48‑11 instantaneous, 3‑13
stake, 81‑1 period, 73‑22 logistic, rate constant, 27‑4
steel, 48‑9 ratio, effective, 73‑16 Malthusian, 3‑12
structural rivet (ftn), 45‑10 sand, 26‑18 organismal, 27‑3
viscosity, 14‑10 time, effective, 73‑21 population, 3‑12
weathering, 67‑5 Green’s rate, 3‑12
Graded performance, asphalt, 76‑16 law, 2‑4 rate, arithmetic, 3‑12
Gradian, 78‑7 theorem, 2‑4 rate, average annual, 3‑12
Gradient, G‑8 Greenhouse rate, constant, 3‑12
cash flow, 87‑9 effect, 32‑9, 32‑10 rate, exponential, 87‑4
cash flow, positive and negative (fig), gas, 32‑9, 32‑10 rate, linear, 3‑12
87‑9 Greenman v. Yuba Power (ftn), 88‑7 rate, maximum specific, 30‑7
energy, 19‑3, G-7 Greensand, 22‑23 rate, net, 28‑7
factor, exponential, 87‑27 Greenshields rate, specific, 28‑7
hydraulic, 21‑2 method, signal timing, 73‑18 rate coefficient, maximum specific,
roadway, 75‑3 -Poisson method, 73‑18 28‑7
ruling, 75‑5 Grid, 34‑8, 85-9 rate fraction, 3‑12
series cash flow, 87‑4 floor, open, 57‑4 g’s, units of (ftn), 72‑4
vector, 8‑6 meridian, 78‑12 Guard
velocity, 14‑7, 17‑15, 26‑11 roller, 35‑18 stake, 81‑3
Grading Grillage, G‑8 stake, measurement, 81‑3
gap, 5‑5 Grinding, scum, 29‑7 Guardrail, 75‑13
penetration, 76‑3 Grip, 45‑13 highway, 75‑14
soil, 35‑2 Grit, 29‑5, 34‑24 tension cable, 75‑14
viscosity, 76‑3 chamber, 29‑5 W-beam, 75‑14
Graetz number (tbl), 1‑10 chamber, aerated, 29‑6 Guidance
Grain, A‑5 chamber, characteristics, 29‑7 positive, 75‑10, 75‑11
alcohol, 24‑8 clarifier, 29‑5 sub-task, 75‑9
per gallon, 25‑4 Groove Guinea, 81‑1
size, effective, 35‑2, 35‑23 weld, 66‑2, 66‑9 Gumbo, G‑8
unit, 25‑4 weld, complete-penetration, 66‑2, 66‑9 Gunter’s chain, 78‑8
unit (ftn), 26‑19 weld, full-penetration, 66‑2 Gutter inlet, 28‑5
Grains per gallon (ftn), 22‑25 weld, partial-penetration, 66‑2, 66‑9 Gyration
Gram weld symbol, bridge construction (fig), least radius of, 42‑7
-mole, 22‑5 66‑9 radius of, 42‑6, 45‑3, 61‑3, 70-2
-negative cell, 27‑2 Grooving, pavement, 77‑13 Gyratory compactor, Superpave, 76‑16
Granite, 35‑33 Gross
Granular air-to-cloth ratio, 34‑5 H
activated carbon, 26-15, 29‑14, 34‑3 area, 60‑2 H-pile, 38‑4
soil, 37‑2 bearing capacity, 36‑3 HAA5, 25‑11
Graph filtering area, 34‑5 Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 17‑7
curve, 7‑3 filtering velocity, 34‑5 Half
directed, 86‑10 heating value, 24‑15 -angle formula, 6‑4
influence, 41‑10 margin, 87‑37 -angle thread, 45‑15
moment of inertia, 50‑16 -bridge, 85‑12
-lath stake, 81‑1 waste, disposition, 33‑2 vehicle median barrier, 75‑14
-life, 3-12, 22‑14 waste, incineration, 34‑14 vehicle median barrier (fig), 75‑14
-life, decay, 10‑10 waste incinerator (fig), 34‑15 Heel, 37‑13
-velocity coefficient, 28‑7 Hazen dam, 15‑12
-wave symmetry, 7‑4 uniformity coefficient, 35‑2 retaining wall, 54‑4
-wave symmetry (tbl), 9‑8 -Williams constant, A‑55 Heel (verb) (ftn), 15‑18
-year rule, 87‑3 -Williams equation, 17‑9 Height, 2‑2
Halide (tbl), 23‑1 -Williams nomograph, A‑64 building, allowable, 82‑7
alkyl (tbl), 23‑2 -Williams roughness pipe, A‑55 cell, 31‑2
Halite, 35‑33 -Williams velocity, 19‑6 critical, excavation, 39‑3
Haloacetic acid, 25‑11 Hazen’s empirical formula, 21‑3 measurement, parallax, 78‑20
Halogen, 22‑3 Hazen’s formula, 35‑23 object, 78‑20
Halogen (tbl), 23‑1 Hazmat, 33‑1 of an instrument, 81‑4
Halogenated compound, 25‑10 HCM exhibit, two-line highway adjustment of packing, 34‑22
Halomethane, 32‑6 (tbl), 73‑14 of the instrument, 78‑11
Halon, 32‑6 HDPE pipe, 16‑11 of transfer unit, 34‑22
Hammer Head, 18‑6, G-9 piezometric, 21‑2
double-acting, 38‑2 acceleration, 18‑3 rebound, 72‑18
drop, 38‑2 acceleration (ftn), 18‑3 roughness, 2‑4
single-acting, 38‑2 added, 17‑16 waviness, 2‑4
water, 17‑40 added, pump, 17‑16 Helix, 7‑13
water (fig), 17‑40 dynamic, 18‑7 pitch, 7‑13
Hard effective, 17‑18, 18‑7 thread angle, 45‑15
hat, 83‑7 extracted, 17‑16 Helmet, 83‑7
INDEX-H
material, 43‑2 friction, 18‑6 Helminth (worm), 27‑4

water, 26‑16, G-9 hydraulic, 26‑14 Henderson-Hasselbach equation, 27‑3
Hardening, strain, 43‑5 impact, 16‑5 Henry’s
Hardness loss, 17‑5 law, 22‑10, 34-22
calcium, 25‑4 loss, effect of viscosity, 17‑12 law constant (tbl), 22‑10
carbonate, 22‑23, 25‑4, G-4 loss, friction, 17‑5 law constants (tbl), 34‑22
carbonate (ftn), 22‑23 loss, slurry, 17‑12 Hepatitis, 27‑7
cutting, 43‑15 protection, 83‑7 Herbicide, 32‑13
file, 43‑14 static discharge, 18‑7 Hess’ law, 22‑19
ions, water, 25‑5 static suction, 18‑7 Heterotroph, 27‑6
magnesium, 25‑4 total, 16‑3 Hexachlorobenzene, 32‑13
noncarbonate, 22‑23, 25‑4 velocity, 18‑7 Hideout, 22‑25
number, Brinell, 43‑14 Head (ftn), 15‑5 High
penetration test (tbl), 43‑16 Headed -density screed, 76‑7
permanent, 22‑23, 25‑4, G-12 deformed bar, 55‑6 -early strength portland cement, 48‑2
scale, Mohs (fig), 43‑14 stud, 64‑4 -head turbine, 18‑23
scale, steel (tbl), 43‑16 Header -lift safety valve, 16‑15
temporary, 22‑23, G-16 information, 81‑1 -occupancy vehicle, 73‑8
test, 43‑14 information, speed, 73‑4 -performance concrete, 48‑7
test, Brinell, 43‑14 Headlight sight distance, 79‑18 -performance steel, 58‑6
test, Rockwell, 43‑14 Headwall, G‑9 -performance steel plate, mechanical
total, 22‑23 Headway, 73‑7, G-9 property (tbl), 58‑7
water, 22‑22, 25‑4, 25‑5 Health, company, 87‑36 purity oxygen aeration, 30‑3
Hardness (fig), 25‑6 Heaping capacity, 80‑9 -range water reducer, 48‑3
Hardpan, G‑9 Hearing -rate aeration, 30‑3
Hardy Cross method, 17‑26, 44-20 protection, 83‑8 -rate filter, 29‑9
Harmon’s peaking factor, 28‑3 protective device, 83‑8 -slump concrete, 48‑3
Harmonic Heat -speed exit, 73‑32
mean, 11‑13 capacity, 13‑4 -speed taxiway, 73‑32
sequence, 3‑12 conversion, SI, A‑4 -strength bolt, 65‑1
series, 3‑13 loss, 30‑18 -strength bolt, material, 58‑4
terms, 9‑7 of combustion, 24‑15, A-105 -strength concrete, 48‑7
Hat, hard, 83‑7 of formation, 22‑18 -strength low-alloy steel, 58‑2
Haul of hydration, G‑9 -strength steel, 58‑7
distance, 80‑8 of reaction, 22‑19 temperature, structural steel, proper‑
distance (fig), 80‑7 release rate, 31‑10 ties, A‑167
Haulage specific, 13‑4 Higher heating value, 24‑15
line, zero, 80‑7 transfer, 30‑18 Highly significant results, 11‑15
rope, 45‑22 transfer coefficient, 30‑19 Highway (see also type), 73‑3, 75‑16
Havers function, 6‑5 transfer fluid viscosity, A‑27 arterial, G‑2
Haversine, 6‑5 Heating barrier, 75‑14
Hay bale, 80‑11 friction (ftn), 17‑5 belt, G‑3
Hazard (see also type) losses, 84‑19 Capacity Manual, 73‑2
acute, 83‑6 value, 24‑15 Class I, 73‑13
bicarbonate, 25‑12 value, gross, 24‑15 Class II, 73‑13
boron, 25‑12 value, higher, 24‑15 Class III two-lane, 73‑13
chemical, 83‑4 value, lower, 24‑15 curve, 79‑3
chronic, 83‑6 value, methane, 30‑18 divided, 73‑3, G-6
function, 11‑9 Heave, 21‑10 guardrail, 75‑14
power line, 83‑7 clay, 39‑3 interchange, 73‑25
salinity, 25‑12 frost, 37‑13, 38‑6 multilane, 73‑11
sodium, 25‑12 Heavy rainwater runoff, 32‑15
Hazardous hydrogen, 22‑2 safety, 75‑2
air pollutant, 32‑2 metal, 22‑3 Safety Manual, 75‑2
material, 33‑1 metal, in wastewater, 28‑16 segment (see also Segment), 75‑10
spill, 32‑16 vehicle factor, 73‑9 specific downgrade, 73‑14
waste, 32‑2 specific upgrade, 73‑14
speed, average, 73‑4 theoretical, 17‑16 ram, 15‑15

two-lane, 73‑13 water, 17‑16, 18‑8 retention time, 30‑8
undivided, 73‑3 Horton truck crane, 83‑10
Hindered settling zone, 30‑15 coefficient, 19‑14 Hydraulically
Hinge, 41‑11 -Einstein equation, 19‑11 long, 19‑29
joint, 77‑12 equation, 19‑14, 21‑10 short, 19‑29
plastic, 44‑20, 47‑2, 47‑17 Hot Hydraulics, 17‑2
Hinged base, pole, 75‑14 in-place recycling, 76‑29 Hydrocarbon, 23‑1, 24‑1
Histogram, 11‑11, 85-3 mix asphalt, 76‑2, 76‑11 aromatic, 24‑2
signalization, 73‑20 mix asphalt concrete, 76‑11 NPSHR correction factor (fig), 18‑23
HIV, 27‑11 mix asphaltic concrete, 76‑2 pumping, 18‑22
HL mix recycling, 76‑29 saturated, 24‑1
-93 design load, 74‑5 plant mix, 76‑11 unsaturated, 24‑1
-93 standard truck, 74‑5 rubber asphalt mix, 76‑30 viscosity, A‑27
-93 truck, 76‑19 -weather concrete, 49‑6 Hydrocarbon (tbl), 23‑3
Hobby (ftn), 87‑12 -wire anemometer, 17‑29 saturated (tbl), 23‑2
HOCl fraction, ionized, 26‑21 Hourglass failure (ftn), 43‑8 Hydrochloric acid, 25‑10, 32-4
Hoist, 41‑12 Hourly Hydrodynamics, 17‑2
Hoisting vehicular volume warrant, signaliza‑ Hydroelectric
cable, 45‑22 tion, 73‑19 generating plant, 18‑26
rope, extra-flexible, 45‑22 volume, 73‑10 plant (fig), 18‑26
Hole HOV, 73‑8, G-9 Hydrogen
cased, G‑4 HPC, 48‑7 available, 24‑3
drilled, 60‑2 HS20-44 truck, 76‑19 damage, 22‑21
INDEX-H
in beam, 59‑17 HSM crash estimation method, 75‑17 embrittlement, 22‑21
lamp, G‑10 Hub, 45‑7 heavy, 22‑2
oversized, 65‑2 stake, 81‑1 ion, G‑9
punched, 60‑3 stake, measurement, 81‑1 normal, 22‑2
slotted, 65‑2 Hull, convex, 7‑2, 7‑3 sulfide, 28‑6
spacing, 65‑2 Human Hydrogenation, 32‑14
standard, 60‑3 error, 85‑2 Hydrograph, 20‑7
tap, 15‑2 factor, 75‑9 analysis, 20‑7
Hollow immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 27‑11 separation, 20‑7
brick, 67‑3 Humectant (ftn), 32‑8 Snyder, 20‑11
structural section, 58‑3 Humectant binder, 32‑8 synthesis, 20‑11, 20‑13
Holographic Humic acid, G‑9 triangular unit, 20‑12
NDT method, 43‑14 Humus, G‑9 unit, 20‑8
testing, 43‑14 Hundred Hydrologic
Holomorphic function, 8‑1 year flood, 20‑7 cycle, 20‑2
Holonomic coordinate, 71‑2 year storm, 20‑7 soil group, 20‑17
Homogeneous Hveem Hydrological cycle, G‑9
circuits, law of, 85‑8 cohesiometer, 76‑15 Hydrolysis, 23‑4
differential equation, 10‑1, 10‑2 mix design method, 76‑14 Hydrolyzing metal ion, 26‑8
linear equation, 3‑7 stabilometer, 76‑14 Hydrometeor, G‑9
second-order, 10‑3 Hveem’s resistance value test, 35‑32 Hydrometer, 14‑5
unit system (ftn), 1‑2 Hybrid girder, 63‑1 test, 35‑2
Homologous Hydrant, fire, 26‑26 Hydronium ion, G‑9
family, pump (ftn), 18‑14 Hydrated Hydrophilic, 14‑13, G-9
pump, 18‑14 lime, 26‑16 Hydrophobic, 14‑13, G-9
Honeycomb concrete, 49‑5 molecule, 22‑6 Hydrostatic
Hook, 50‑24 Hydration, 22-11, 48‑1, 48‑3, G-9 moment, 15‑12
standard (fig), 55‑6 heat of, G‑9 paradox, 15‑4
standard, masonry, 67‑7 water of, 22‑6 pressure, 15‑4, 37-10
Hooke’s Hydraulic pressure, vertical plane surface (fig),
law, 43‑2, 44‑2, 45‑22, 85-12 conductivity, 21‑2 15‑7
law (fig), 44‑2 depth, 19‑3, G-9 resultant, 15‑6
Hoop depth (ftn), 16‑7 torque, 15‑12
beam, 50‑22 detention time, 30‑4, 30‑9 Hydrostatic (ftn), 15‑4
stress, 45‑5, 45‑6 diameter, 16‑7, 17‑10, 19‑3 Hydrostatics, 17‑2
Horizon, 87‑3, G-9 diameter (ftn), 16‑7 Hydroxyl (tbl), 23‑1
analysis, 87‑18 diameter, conduit shape (tbl), 16‑7 Hydroxyl group, 23‑1
Horizontal drop, 19‑28 Hyetograph, storm, 20‑2
auxiliary view, 2‑2 drop (ftn), 16‑10, 19‑21 Hygroscopic, G‑9
circular curve, 79‑2 element, circular pipes, A‑34 water, G‑9
curve elements (fig), 79‑3 elements, A‑84 Hyperbola, 7‑12
curve, through point, 79‑6 grade line, 16‑10, 17‑17, A-34 equilateral, 7‑12
curve, through point (fig), 79‑6 gradient, 21‑2 rectangular, 7‑12
dilution of position, 78‑6 head, 26‑14 unit, 6‑5
flow, grit chamber, 29‑5 horsepower, 17‑16, 18‑8 Hyperbolic
joint reinforcement, 67‑7 horsepower equation (tbl), 18‑8 cosecant, 6‑5
multiplier, 83‑8 jack, 15‑15 cosine, 6-5, 41‑20
shear, 44‑11 jump, 19‑25, G-9 cotangent, 6‑5
sightline offset, 79‑11 jump (ftn), 16‑10 function, 6‑5
stadia measurement (fig), 78‑9 kilowatt equation (tbl), 18‑9 function, derivative, 8‑2
Horsepower, 13‑6, A-1 load, concrete, 49‑8 function, integral of, 9‑2
aero, 17‑44 loading, 28‑3, 29‑11, 34‑24 identity, 6‑6
boiler, 24‑17 mean depth (ftn), 19‑3 radian, 6‑5
friction, 18‑9 NPSHR, 18‑23 secant, 6‑5
hydraulic, 17‑16, 18‑8 power, 18‑8 sine, 6‑5
hydraulic (tbl), 18‑8 press, 15‑15 tangent, 6‑5
shaft, 45‑16 radius, 16‑6, 19‑3, A-34, G-9
Hypergeometric load, 44‑8 net, 87‑35

distribution, 11‑5 loading, 44‑8 tax, 87‑25
equation, Gauss’, 10‑5 modeling, vehicle, 75‑14 Incomplete combustion, 24‑12
Hyperion Energy Recovery System, 30‑22 oblique, 72‑19 Incompressible gas (ftn), 16‑3
Hypersonic travel, 14‑16 pedestrian, 75‑16 Inconsistent system, 3‑8
Hypochlorous acid, 25‑10 perfectly inelastic, 72‑18 Increase, average, 11‑16
Hypocycloid, 7‑4 perfectly plastic, 72‑18 Incremental
Hypolimnion, 25‑8, G-9 plastic, 72‑18 analysis, 87‑18
Hypotenuse angle, 6‑2 protection, 83‑7 cost, 87‑33
Hypothesis, 22‑5 ramming, 40‑11 Incursion, lane, 79‑22
alternative, 11‑15 test, 43‑15 Indefinite
Avogadro’s, 22‑5 tube, 16‑5 integral, 9‑1, 9‑2, 9‑4, A-11
null, 11‑15, 75-12 Impaction parameter, 34‑19 integral (ftn), 9‑1
test, 11‑16 Impactor, G‑9 Indenter, Brale, 43‑14
testing, 75‑12 cascade, G‑4 Independent
Hysteresis, spring, 45‑22 cyclone, G‑6 event, 11‑3
Hysteresis (ftn), 85‑5 Impairment, substantial, 82‑9 float, G‑9
Impedance, 84‑5 variable, 3‑2
I losses, 84‑18 wire rope core, 45‑23
IACS copper, 84‑2 Impeller Indeterminacy
IBC, 82‑1 axial-flow, 18‑4 degree, 41‑8
Ice axial-flow (fig), 18‑5 degree of, 46‑1
point, 85‑6 mixing, 26‑12 kinematic, degree of, 47‑10
point (ftn), 85‑6 radial-flow, 18‑4 static, degree of, 47‑7
Ideal radial-flow (fig), 18‑5 Indeterminate
INDEX-I
air, 24‑10 specific speed, 18‑13 beams, A‑142

cable, 41‑17 Impending motion, 72‑6 statically, 41‑8, 46‑1
capacity, 73‑5 Impermeability, pavement, 76‑4 statics, 46‑1
column, 61‑2 Impervious layer, G‑9 system (fig), 41‑8
combustion reaction (tbl), 24‑9 Implicit differentiation, 8‑5 truss, 46‑7
fluid, 14‑2 Impounding reservoir, 20‑21 Index
gases, A‑108 Impoundment depth, 20‑21 aggressive, 26‑20
machine, 13‑7 Impulse, 17‑35, 72-15 compressibility, 35‑26
quantity, 24‑10 angular, 72‑15 compression, 35‑25, 40‑4
reaction, 22‑9 applied, 72‑16 compression, secondary, 40‑6
spring, 45‑22 fluid, 17‑35 contour, 78‑22
yield, 22‑9 function, 10‑6 cost-effectiveness, 75‑20
Idempotent set, law, 11‑2 linear, 72‑15 density, 35‑8
Identity -momentum principle, 17‑35, 72-16 group, 35‑4
BAC-CAB, 5‑5 -momentum principle, open system, Langelier, 26‑19
hyperbolic, 6‑6 72‑16 lifting, 83‑7
logarithm, 3‑6 turbine, 17‑38, 18‑23 liquidity, 35‑22
matrix, 4‑1 turbine installation (fig), 18‑23 Mohlman, G‑11
set, law, 11‑1 Impulse (ftn), 72‑15 plasticity, 35‑22
trigonometric, 6‑2, 6‑4, 6‑5, 6‑6 Impulsive force, 72‑15 Puckorius, 26‑20
IDF curve, 20‑6 In recompression, 40‑4
Igneous rock, 35‑32, G-9 -place density test, 35‑21 reconsolidation, 35‑26
Ignitable substance, 32‑2 -place form, concrete, 49‑6 roughness height, 2‑4
Ignition temperature, 24‑9 -place recycling, cold, 76‑29 Ryznar, 26‑20
Illegitimate error, 85‑2 -vessel composting, 30‑22 shrinkage, 35‑22
Illness In situ 35‑16, G-9 sludge volume, 30‑5
building-related, 32‑4 form, concrete, 49‑6 spring (ftn), 45‑22
occupational, 83‑2 In vitro, G-10 swelling, 35‑26, 40‑5
Image In vivo, G‑10 terminal pavement serviceability, 76‑20
photogrammetric (fig), 78‑19 Incidence rate, injury, 83‑2 terminal serviceability, 76‑18
raster, 78‑7 Incident transverse reinforcement, 55‑6
vector, 78‑7 delay, 73‑15 viscosity, 14‑10
Imaginary number, 3‑1 recordable, 83‑2 viscosity blending, 14‑17
Imhoff cone, 25‑10 Incidental resistance, 75‑6 water stability, 26‑19
Immediate Incineration, 24‑4 Indicating, direct-tension washer, 45‑14
deflection, 50‑16 hazardous waste, 34‑14 Indicator
settling, 40‑3 infrared, 34‑14 card, 85‑15
Immiscible liquid, 15‑13 liquid, 34‑15 diagram, 85‑15
Impact, 72‑18 MSW, 31‑10 organism, 27‑9
attenuator, 75‑13 oxygen-enriched, 34‑15 solution, 25‑2, 25‑3
central, 72‑19 plasma, 34‑15 Indirect
central oblique (fig), 72‑19 sludge, 30‑21, 34‑16 cost, 86‑9
direct, 72‑19 soil, 34‑15 leveling, 78‑12
direct central (fig), 72‑18 solid, 34‑16 leveling (fig), 78‑12
eccentric, 72‑19 Incinerator, 34‑11, 34‑13, 34‑14, 34‑15 manufacturing expense, 87‑34
eccentric (fig), 72‑20 hazardous waste (fig), 34‑15 material and labor cost, 87‑34
elastic, 72‑18 no-boiler, 31‑10
endoergic, 72‑18 performance (tbl), 34‑14 Induced
energy, 16‑4, 43-15 plasma, 34‑15 drag, 17‑43
energy test, 43‑15 vapor, 34‑16 voltage, 17‑29
exoergic (ftn), 72‑18 Inclined Inductance, 84‑6
factor, 16‑5, 40-10 backfill, 37‑6 Induction motor, 18‑11, 84-15
factor, bridge, 74‑4 plane, 72‑11 Inductive
factors, pipes, 40‑10 stadia measurement (fig), 78‑9 reactance, 84‑6
head, 16‑5 Income, 87‑35 transducer, 85‑4
inelastic, 72‑18 bracket, 87‑25 Inductor, 84‑6
Industrial value, 9‑4, 10‑1 Interaction

exemption, 90‑1 value problem, 10‑1 AISC equation (steel), 59‑15
wastewater, 28‑2, 28‑9, 29‑2 Injection diagram, 52‑5, 52‑6, 52‑7, A‑154,
wastewater, standards, 29‑2 sorbent, 34‑20 A‑155, A‑156, A‑157, A‑158, A‑159,
wastewater pollution (tbl), 34‑23 well, 34‑11 A‑160, A‑162, A‑163, A‑164, A‑165,
Industry classification system (ftn), 83‑2 well installation (fig), 34‑11 A‑175, A‑176, A‑177, A‑180
Inelastic Injured party, 88‑6 diagram, masonry wall, 68‑11
analysis, 47‑2 Injury diagram, reinforced concrete, A‑151,
buckling, 61‑4 incidence rate, 83‑2 A‑152, A‑153, A‑161, A‑178, A‑179
design, 59‑8 log (ftn), 83‑2 equation, 62‑2
first-order analysis, 47‑2 occupational, 83‑2 equation, flexural/force, 62‑2
impact, 72‑18 Inlet Intercept, 7‑5
second-order analysis, 47‑3 control, 19‑29 cohesion, 35‑26
strain, 43‑3 curb, 28‑5 form, 7‑5
Inequality, 4‑4 grate, 28‑5 Interception, G‑9
Inertia, 70‑2 gutter, 28‑5 Interceptor, 28‑3
area moment, 42‑4 pressure, net positive (ftn), 18‑3 Interchange (see also type)
centroidal mass moment, 70‑2 In-line filtration, 26‑2 adaptability (fig), 73‑27
centroidal moment of, 42‑4 Inline sampling, 22‑25 all-directional, 73‑25
cracked, transformed, 50‑15 Inner transition element, 22‑3 cloverleaf, 73‑25
mass moment of, 70‑2, A-181 Innovative method, 32‑16 diamond, 73‑25
moment, A‑127 Inorganic directional, 73‑25
moment of, 42‑4, A-181 chemical, 28‑15 highway, 73‑25
polar moment of, 42‑6 compound, volatile, 32‑17 highway (see also type), parclos, 73‑25
principal moment of, 42‑8 salt, removal, in wastewater, 29‑3 partial cloverleaf, 73‑25
INDEX-I
product of, 42‑7, 70-2 Insecticide (see also Pesticide), 32‑13 single-point diamond, 73‑25
rectangular moment of, 42‑4 Insensitivity, 85‑2 single-point urban, 73‑25
resistance, vehicle, 75‑3 experiment, 11‑12 trumpet, 73‑25
vector, 70‑2 Inspection type (fig), 73‑26
vector (ftn), 72‑6 polynomial, 3‑4 urban, 73‑25
Inertial radiographic, 82‑4 Interest
force, 70‑2, 72‑6 Instability, 85‑2 compound, 87‑12
frame of reference, 71‑10 Instant center, 71‑13 rate, effective, 87‑5, 87‑28
frame of reference, Newtonian, 71‑10 Instantaneous rate, effective, per period, 87‑28
resisting force, vehicle, 75‑3 center, 71‑13 rate, effective annual, 87‑5
separator, 32‑8, 34‑7 center, constrained cylinder (fig), 72‑12 rate, nominal, 87‑29
survey system, 78‑7 center of acceleration, 71‑14 simple, 87‑12
Infant mortality, 11‑9 center of rotation, 66‑8 Interfacial
Infective dose, 27‑11 center of rotation method, 65‑6 area, 34‑22
Infiltration, 21‑10, G-9 deflection, 50‑16 friction angle, 31‑4
capacity, 21‑10 growth, 3‑13 friction angle (tbl), 31‑5
sewer, 28‑2 reorder inventory (fig), 87‑45 Interference, 45‑7
test, double-ring, 21‑10 values, 71‑2 fit, 45‑7
Infiltration (ftn), 20‑7 Instrument Interflow, G‑9
Infinite coefficient of, 17‑30 Intergranular, 22‑21
series, 3‑13, 87-7 factor, 78‑8 attack, 22‑21
series (ftn), 3‑13 height, 78‑11, 81-4 corrosion, 22‑20
Inflation, 87‑41 person, 81‑4 Interior
effect on cost, 86‑7 telescopic, 78‑5 angle, 78‑14, 79‑2
Inflection Insurance, 88‑8 angle, curve, 79‑2
point, 7‑2, 8‑2 Services Office, 26‑24 intermediate stiffener, 63‑3
point, assumed, 47‑19 Intangible property (ftn), 87‑21 Intermediate
point, deflection, 44‑18 Integral, 9‑1, 9‑2 clarifier, 29‑13
point, flexible bulkhead, 39‑5 convolution, 10‑7 column, 45‑4, 61‑4
Inflow, 28‑2 cosine function, 9‑9 metals, law of, 85‑8
Influence definite, 9‑4 stiffener, 44‑20, 59‑18, 63‑4
Influence, radius of, 21‑6, 31-6 definite (ftn), 9‑1 stiffener (fig), 63‑4
chart, 40‑2, 40‑3 double, 9‑3 stiffener design, 63‑4
cone, 40‑2 elliptic function (ftn), 9‑9 temperatures, law of, 85‑8
diagram, 41‑10, 46‑8, 46‑9, 46‑11, exponential function, 9‑9 Intermittent
46‑12, 46‑13 Fresnel function (ftn), 9‑9 duty, 84‑15
graph, 41‑10 function, 9‑9 sand filter, 29‑13
line, 41‑10 gamma function (ftn), 9‑9 Intern engineer (ftn), 90‑1
value, 40‑3 indefinite, 9‑1, 9‑4, A-11 Internal
zone of, 40‑2 of combination of functions, 9‑2 energy, 13‑4
Influent, G‑9 of hyperbolic function, 9‑2 force, 41‑2, 41‑14, 72-2
stream, G‑9 of transcendental function, 9‑1 friction, angle of, 35‑17, 35‑26, 40‑8,
Information sine function, 9‑9 43-8, 72-7
cluster, 81‑1 triple, 9‑3 work, 13‑2, 43-7
header, 81‑1 Integrand, 9‑1 Internal rate of return, 87‑13
Infrared Integrated gasification/combined cycle, International
incineration, 34‑14 24‑6 Building Code, 58‑5, 82-1
testing, 43‑13 Integrating factor, 10‑2 Building Code (ftn), 58‑5
Inhalable fraction, 32‑7 Integration, 9‑1 Code Council, 82‑1
Initial by parts, 9‑2 Fire Code, 82‑2
abstraction, 20‑2, 20‑21 by separation of terms, 9‑3 Mechanical Code, 82‑2
loss, G‑9 constant of, 9‑1, 10‑1 Plumbing Code, 82‑2
modulus, 48‑5 method, 42‑1, 42‑4 Residency Code, 82‑2
period, 73‑21 Intensity standard atmosphere, A‑66
rate of absorption, 67‑5 -duration-frequency curve, 20‑6 standard metric condition, 24‑2
rainfall, 20‑5
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry pipe, A‑49 Jointed

(IUPAC), 23-1 pipe, special pressure classes, A‑50 concrete pavement, 77‑2
Zoning Code, 82‑2 pipe, standard pressure classes, A‑49 reinforced concrete pavement, 77‑2
Interpolating polynomial, Newton’s, 12‑3 pipe dimensions, A‑49 Joints (see also type), method of, 41‑15
Interpolation, nonlinear, 12‑3 removal process, 26‑15 Joist, 59‑2
Intersection Irradiation, 26‑22 construction, 50‑22
angle, 7‑6, 7‑8, 79-2 Irrational real number, 3‑1 Joule, 1-5, A-4
capacity, 73‑16 Irreducible factor, 87‑3 equivalent, 13‑1
crash factor, 75‑10 Irregular Joule’s
element, 73‑15 area, 7‑1 constant, 13‑1
line, 2‑1, 7‑6 area (fig), 7‑1 law, 13‑5
set, 11‑1 boundary, 7‑1 Journal, 87‑35
signal warrant, 73‑18 Irreversible reaction, 22‑14 Judgment factor, 87‑3
signalized, 73‑15 ISA nozzle (ftn), 17‑34 Jump
Interval Isentropic hydraulic, 19‑25, G-9
confidence, 78‑2 compressibility, 14‑14 hydraulic (ftn), 16‑10
contour, 78‑22 compression, 30‑10 Junction, 85‑6
pace, 73‑5 efficiency, 30‑10 Juvenile water, G‑10
proof test, 11‑9 Isocenter, 78‑19
recurrence, 20‑5 Isogonic line, 78‑12, G-10 K
return, 20‑5 Isohyet, 20‑2 k
stadia, 78‑8 Isohyetal method, 20‑2 -out-of-n system, 11‑10
Intrinsic Isolated footing, 36‑2 -value, 45-22, 77‑6, 77‑7
permeability, 21‑2 Isolation joint, 77‑12 -value (tbl), 77‑7
K
INDEX-K
waste, 32‑2 Isometric view, 2‑3

Intrusion, G‑9 Isometry, 7‑3 -rail barrier, 75‑14
Intrusive igneous rock, 35‑33 Isopiestic equilibrium (ftn), 14‑11 -value method, 79‑16
Invar, 78‑8 Isothermal waste, 32‑2
rod, 78‑9 compressibility, 14‑14 KABCO severity scale, 75‑17
Inventory 87‑39 compression, 15‑13 Karman-Nikuradse equation, 17‑6
days supply on hand, 87‑37 Isotope, 22‑2, G-10 Kepler’s law, 72‑21
instantaneous reorder (fig), 87‑45 effect (ftn), 22‑2 Kern, 44‑13, 69‑3
load, 74‑3 Iteration, fixed-point, 12‑2 cross section (fig), 44‑14
rating level, bridge, 74‑3 IUC name, 23‑1 Kernel, 44‑13
supply, 87‑37 IUPAC name, 23‑1 Kerosene equivalent, centrifuge, 76‑14
turnover, 87‑37 Izod test, 43‑16 Ketone (tbl), 23‑3
value, 87‑39 Key (ftn), 37‑2
Inversability, 78‑6 J Key component, 34‑22
Inverse J. B. Johnson formula, 45‑4 Kick-out, toe, 39‑5
condemnation, G‑10 Jack, hydraulic, 15‑15 Kilograin (unit) (ftn), 26‑19
function, 6‑5 Jacking, 56‑2 Kilogram, 1‑1
Laplace transform, 10‑6 frost, 38‑6 Kilowatt
matrix, 4‑6 pipe, 40‑11 -hours, 18‑10
-square attractive field, 72‑21 Jackson hydraulic (tbl), 18‑9
-square repulsive field, 72‑21 and Moreland alignment chart, 53‑3 Kinematic
trigonometric operation, 6‑5 and Moreland alignment chart (fig), equation, Manning, 20‑3
Inversing, 78‑13 53‑4, 61‑4 GPS surveying, 78‑7
the line, 78‑13 Jacob’s equation, 21‑7 indeterminacy, degree of, 47‑10
Inversion Jam density, 73‑7, G-10 viscosity, 14‑8, 16‑8
Fourier, 9‑7 Jersey barrier, 75‑14 wave formula, 20‑4
layer, G‑10 Jet Kinematics, 71‑1
lining, 40‑11 force on blade, 17‑37 Kinetic
Invert, 19‑29 force on plate, 17‑36 energy, 1‑3, 13‑3, 16-2
Inverted bucket steam trap, 16‑15 propulsion, 17‑36 model, CSTR, 30‑7
Inverted siphon, G‑10 pump, 18‑2 model, PFR, 30‑7
Investment Jib, 83‑10 pump, 18‑2
credit, 87‑26 fixed, 83‑10 Kinetics, 72‑2
external, 87‑14 fixed-angle, 83‑10 reaction, 22‑15
return on, 87‑11, 87‑14 luffing, 83‑10 reaction, irreversible, 22‑14
risk-free, 87‑12 Job cost accounting, 87‑37 reaction, reversible, 22‑15
tax credit, 87‑26 Johnson procedure, 45‑4 Kingdom, 27‑4, G-10
IOC, 28‑15 Joint (see also type), 41‑13 Kip, A‑4
Iodine, 26‑22 construction, 77‑2, 77‑12 Kirchhoff’s voltage law, 84‑4
Ion, G‑10 contraction, 77‑12 Kjeldahl nitrogen, 28‑15
bar chart, 25‑1 control, 77‑12 kmol, 22‑5
common, effect, 22‑14 dummy, 77‑12 Kneading compactor, 76‑14
-electron method (ftn), 22‑8 efficiency, 16‑11, 45-13 Knock resistance, 24‑6
exchange process, 22‑23, 26‑18 expansion, 77‑12 Knoop test, 43‑15
exchange regeneration, 26‑19 hinge, 77‑12 Knot, 79‑23
exchange resin, 22‑24 isolation, 77‑12 Knudsen number (tbl), 1‑10
exchange softening, 26‑18 lap, 66‑2 Korteweg formula, 17‑41
hydrogen, G‑9 lap, bolted, 45‑12 Krause process, G‑10
hydronium, G‑9 pavement, 77‑12 Kuchling’s formula (ftn), 26‑25
product, 22‑16 pavement, concrete (fig), 77‑13 Kurtosis, 11‑14
Ionic concentration, 22‑11, 22‑13 probability, 11‑3 excess, 11‑15
Ionization constant, 22‑16 processing, 28‑2 Fisher’s, 11‑14
Ionized HOCl fraction, 26‑21 quality factor, 16‑11 Pearson’s, 11‑15
Iron, A‑129 reinforcement, 67‑7 Kutta
bacteria, 27‑6 spacing, 77‑12 -Joukowsky result, 17‑43
ion, in water, 25‑6, 26‑15 warping, 77‑12 -Joukowsky theorem, 17‑43
loss, 84‑19 weakened plane, 77‑12
Kutter equation (ftn), 19‑3 Lap of mass action, 22‑14, 22‑16

kVA rating, 84‑16 joint, 66‑2 of motion, Newton’s, 26‑5
joint, bolted, 45‑12 of multiple proportions, 22‑4
L length, wire, 67‑8 of orbits, 72‑21
L’Hôpital’s rule, 3‑10 Laplace, 10‑6 of periods, 72‑21
Label transform, 10‑6, A-13 of planetary motion, 72‑21
classified, 82‑3 transform, inverse, 10‑6 of sines, 6‑6, 6‑7
listed, 82‑3 transform of a derivative, 10‑7 of tangents, 6‑6
UL, 82‑3 transform table, A‑13 Pascal’s, 15‑4
Labor Lapse periodic, 22‑2
direct, 87‑33 rate, dry, G‑10 Raoult’s, 14‑17
variance, 87‑37 rate, G‑10 set, 11‑1
Laboratory rate, wet, G‑10 similarity, 18‑21
settling column test, 26‑6 Large eccentricity, 52‑7 Stokes’, 17‑44, 26‑5
strength, 40‑10 Last-in, first-out method, 87‑39 Laws, scaling, 18‑21
Laborer’s lien, 88‑6 Latency, 27‑10 Lay, 2‑4
Laced column (ftn), 61‑2 Lateral, G‑10 lang, 45‑23
Lacing acceleration, rate of increase, 79‑20 regular, 45‑23
bar, 61‑2 bracing, 59‑3 Layer
bar (ftn), 61‑2 buckling, 44‑20 boundary (ftn), 16‑9
Lag buckling, flange support (fig), 44‑20 coefficient, 76‑22
equation, NRCS, 20‑4 buckling in beam (fig), 59‑3 impervious, G‑9
equation, SCS, 20‑12 earth pressure, coefficient, 38‑3 inversion, G‑10
phase, 27‑3 load, stiffness reduction factor, 53‑3 material strength, 77‑6
time, 20‑12
INDEX-L
offset between tangent and curve, strength, 76‑21
Lagging, G‑10 79‑22 strength coefficient (tbl), 76‑25
circuit, 84‑8 pressure on formwork, 49‑8 thickness determination (fig), 76‑26
storm method, 20‑13 ratio, 79‑8 -thickness equation, 76‑22
Lagoon spreading cracking, pavement, 76‑5 Layered geological strata, 83‑3
aerated, 29‑5 strain, 43‑5 lbmol, 22‑5
aerated, stabilization, 29‑5 support, 59‑3 Le Châtelier’s principle, 22‑13
stabilization, 29‑4 tie, masonry column, 69‑2 Leachate, 31‑7
Lagrange stream function, 17‑4 torsional buckling modification factor, carbon dioxide in, 31‑9
Lagrange’s formula, 5‑5 59‑4 generation rate, 31‑7
Lagrangian interpolating polynomial, 12‑3 Latex migration, 31‑7
Lake -modified concrete, 77‑14 recovery, 31‑8
dimictic, G‑6 synthetic, 76‑6 treatment, 31‑8
meromictic, G‑11 Lath, 81‑1 Leaching
monomictic, G‑11 Latitude, 78‑13 cesspool, 29‑2
polymictic, G‑13 Latitude (fig), 78‑14 characteristic, toxicity, 32‑2
Lame’s solution, 45‑6 Lattice selective, 22‑21
Lamella plate, 26‑6 bar, 61‑2 Lead, 32‑10
Laminae, 16‑8 bar (ftn), 61‑2 angle, bolt, 45‑15
Laminar Latticed column (ftn), 61‑2 Leading circuit, 84‑8
flow, 16‑8, 17‑6 Latus rectum, 7‑10, 7‑11 Leak detection and repair program
tube, 26‑6 Launching, 75‑13 (LDAR), 32‑8
Lamp hole, G‑10 Lava, G‑10 Learning
Land ban, 33‑2 Law curve, 87‑44
Landfill, 31‑2 Abrams’, strength, 48‑4 curve constant (tbl), 87‑45
cap, 31‑4 affinity, 18‑20 curve rate, 87‑44
capacity, 31‑2 associative, addition, 3‑2 Least
containment, 31‑2 associative, multiplication, 3‑2 radius of gyration, 42‑6, 61‑3
gas, 31‑5 Avogadro’s, 22-5, G‑2 squares balancing, 78‑16
monitoring, 31‑9 commutative, addition, 3‑2 squares method, 78‑15, 11-17
natural attenuation, 31‑2 commutative, multiplication, 3‑2 Ledger
siting, 31‑4 conservation of momentum, 17‑35 account, 87‑35
sludge, 30‑21 Dalton’s, 24‑15, 31-6 general, 87‑35
Subtitle C, 31‑3 Darcy’s, 21-3, 31-7, 35‑23 Left distributive law, 4‑4
Subtitle D, 31‑3 distributive, 3‑2 Leg, pipe, 17‑22
Landing speed, 79‑23 Green’s, 2‑4 Legal
Landvault, 31‑2 Henry’s, 34‑22 load, 74‑3
Lane Hess’, 22‑19 rating level, bridge, 74‑3
and shoulder adjustment factor, 73‑14 Hooke’s, 43‑2, 44‑2, 45‑22, 85-12 speed, 73‑4
auxiliary, G‑2 Joule’s, 13‑5 speed limit, 73‑4
Class III, 73‑13 Kepler’s, 72‑21 Legendre equation, 10‑6
distribution, 73‑8 Newton’s first, 72‑4 Legionella, 32‑4
distribution factor, 76‑18 Newton’s second, 72‑4 Legionnaires’ disease, 32‑4
distribution factor (tbl), 76‑19 Newton’s third, 72‑5 Length, 2‑2
encroachment, 79‑22 Newton’s, gravitation, 72‑21 arc, 71‑8
group, critical, 73‑16 of areas, 72‑21 arc, by integration, 9‑5
loading, 76‑19 of conservation of energy, 13‑2 characteristic, 19‑19
median, G‑11 of conservation of momentum, 72‑3 chord, 17‑42
occupancy ratio, G‑10 of cooling, Newton’s, 10‑10 conversion, SI, A‑5
Lang lay, 45‑23 of cosines, 6‑6 curve, 79‑3
Langelier of cosines, first, 6‑7 curve, comfort, 79‑18
saturation index, 26‑19 of cosines, second, 6‑7 cycle, 73‑18
stability index, 26‑19 of definite proportions, 22‑3 desirable, spiral curve, 79‑23
Lanthanide, 22‑3 of homogeneous circuits, 85‑8 development, 55‑5
Lanthanon, 22‑3 of induction, Faraday’s, 17‑29 development, masonry, 67‑7
Lanthanum (ftn), 22‑3 of intermediate metals, 85‑8 effective, 61‑3
of intermediate temperatures, 85‑8 effective, column, 45‑3
equivalent, 17‑13, A-63 half-, 22‑14 hydraulic grade, 16‑10, 17‑17

equivalent, fittings, A‑63 Safety Code, 82‑1 influence, 41‑10
minimum splice, 67‑7 service, 87‑21 intersecting, 2‑1
of hydraulic jump, 19‑27 useful, 87‑21 intersection, 7‑6
platoon, 73‑21 Lifeline rate (ftn), 84‑8 isogonic, 78‑12, G-10
ratio, 17‑48 Lifetime, water treatment plant, 26‑2 mud, 39‑2, G-11
roughness sampling, 2‑4 Lift, 17‑42, 31-2, 35-18 neat, 80‑10
scale, 19‑19 angle chart, 83‑12 net, 80‑10
spread, 76‑8 capacity chart, 83‑11 normal vector, 8‑7
taper, 73‑33 check valve, 16‑13 of action, 5‑1, 41-2
weaving segment, 73‑27 coefficient of, 17‑42 perpendicular, 2‑1
wire lap, 67‑8 range chart, 83‑11 pull, 83‑10
Leptokurtic distribution, 11‑14 rotating cylinders, 17‑43 rupture, 35‑26
Leptothrix, 27‑6 table, crane, 83‑11 straight, 7‑4
Letter of agreement, 88‑3 thickness, asphalt pavement, 76‑9 straight (fig), 7‑5
Level Lifting surcharge, 37‑9
action, 83‑8 equation, NIOSH, 83‑7 virgin compression, 35‑25
compensation, G‑5 index, 83‑7 waiting, 73‑29
confidence, 11‑15 velocity, water, 21‑5 zero haulage, 80‑7
dumpy, 78‑10 Light Line (ftn), 6‑1
engineer’s, 78‑10 detection and ranging unit, 78‑6 Lineal, 1‑8
geodetic, 78‑10 distance, 79‑18 measurement, 1‑8
maximum contaminant, 28‑16 metal, 22‑3 Linear, 1‑8
of accuracy, 78‑5 Light-sensitive detector, 85‑5 acceleration, 71‑4
Lightweight algebra (ftn), 4‑4
INDEX-L
of reliability (tbl), 76‑20

of service, 73‑3, 73‑8, 73‑22 aggregate, 48‑8 deformation, 47‑3
of service criteria, multilane highway aggregate factor, 50‑16, 55‑2, 55‑6 displacement, 71‑3
(tbl), 73‑12 aggregate factor, concrete (tbl), 48‑6 elastic analysis, 47‑2
of service, freeway (tbl), 73‑9 concrete, 48‑4, 48‑7, 48‑8 elastic analysis, second-order, 47‑2
of service, primary measure of (tbl), Lignite coal, 24‑5 equation, 3‑7
73‑5 Limb equation, differential, 10‑1
piezometric, G‑13 falling, 20‑7 equation, graphing, 3‑8
precise, 78‑10 rising, 20‑7 equation, reduction, 3‑8
prism, 78‑10 Lime, 26‑9 equation, simultaneous, 3‑7
semi-precise, 78‑10 hydrated, 26‑16 equation, substitution, 3‑8
significance, 11‑15 milk of, 26‑16 expansion, coefficient, 44‑4
survey, 78‑9 slaked, 26‑16 first-order, 10‑2
surveying, 78‑9 -soda ash process, 26‑16 force system, 41‑5
tangent resistance, 75‑5 softening (ftn), 26‑16 force system (fig), 41‑5
Leveler, 81‑4 Limestone, sweetening with, 48‑2 frequency, 84‑5
Leveling, 78‑9 Limit, 3‑10 growth rate, 3‑12
differential, 78‑10 Atterberg, 35‑4, 35‑22 impulse, 72‑15
direct, 78‑10 class, 11‑11 momentum, 17‑35, 72-3
direct (fig), 78‑10 confidence, 11‑16 motion, 71‑2
indirect, 78‑12 elastic, 43‑2 particle motion, 71‑2
indirect (fig), 78‑12 endurance, 43‑10 regression, 11‑17
resource, 86‑10 liquid, 35‑22 second-order, 10‑3
rod, 78‑10 plastic, 35‑22 spring, 13‑2
Lever, 41‑11 proportionality, 43‑2 spring (ftn), 13‑2
effectiveness, 15‑15 shrinkage, 35‑22 system, 71‑2
efficiency, 15‑15 simplifying, 3‑10 thermal expansion, coefficient (tbl),
Lever (fig), 41‑11 state, service, 56‑6 44‑4
Leverage, 87‑36 state design, 59‑8 variable differential transformer, 85‑4
Lewis number (tbl), 1‑10 state (ftn), 74‑4 velocity, 21‑4
LFR method, 74‑4 states, 58‑5 velocity-dependent force, 72‑20
Liability Limited yield, paving, 76‑8
account, 87‑35 liability company, 88‑2 Linearity, 10‑6
current, 87‑36 liability partnership, 88‑2 Lined concrete pipe, 16‑11
in tort, 88‑7 partner, 88‑2 Liner
limited, company, 88‑2 partnership, 88‑2 clay, 31‑4
long-term, 87‑36 Limiting double, 31‑3
Licensing, 90‑1 current, sensor, 85‑4 flexible membrane, 31‑3, 31‑4
exam, 90‑3 reactant, 22‑9 geocomposite, 31‑4
LIDAR, 78‑6 value, 3‑10 -plate cofferdam, 39‑9
Lien Limnetic, G‑10 synthetic membrane, 31‑4
construction, 88‑6 Limnology, G‑10 Lines, angle between, 6‑1
laborer’s, 88‑6 Lindane, 32‑13 Lining
materialman’s, 88‑6 Line, 7‑3 ditch, fabric, 80‑12
mechanic’s, 88‑6 agonic, G‑1 pipe, 16‑12
perfecting, 88‑6 balance (fig), 80‑7 Lintel, 59‑2
supplier’s, 88‑6 centroid of a, 42‑3 Lipid, G‑10
Life contour, 78‑22 Lipiphilic, G‑10
analysis, economical, 87‑4 current, 84‑11 Liquefaction, 40‑12
-cycle, 86‑7 daylight, 81‑4 Liquefied petroleum gas, 24‑8
-cycle assessment, 86‑8 dredge, 39‑2 Liquid
-cycle cost, 87‑15, 87‑20 energy (ftn), 16‑10 aromatic (ftn), 14‑10
-cycle cost analysis, 86‑7 energy grade, 16‑10, 17‑17 asset, 87‑36
design, 76‑20 equipotential, 17‑4, 21‑8 fuel, 24‑6
economic, 87‑19, 87‑21 failure, 35‑26 -gas ratio, venturi scrubber, 34‑18
equivalent investment (ftn), 87‑41 flow, 21‑8, 29-2 immiscible, 15‑13
fatigue, 43‑10 grade, 80‑2 incineration, 34‑15
limit, 35‑22 Loader low-lift, 76‑7 stress, 45‑5

penetrant testing, 43‑13 Loading -term deflection, 50‑17
pore-squeeze, 31‑7 axial, 44‑13 -term deflection factor, 56‑3
thixotropic, 14‑8 BOD, 28‑10, 29‑10 -term deformation, 50‑17
volatile, 14‑10 chemical, 34‑24 -term liability, 87‑36
volatile (ftn), 22‑11 coefficients, buried pipe, 40‑9 ton, 1‑7
Liquidated damages, 88‑8 concentric, 44‑13 Longitudinal stress, 45‑5
Liquidity, 87‑36 curve, trapezoidal, 41‑6 Loop, 73‑25
index, 35‑22 distributed (fig), 41‑5 pipe, 17‑22
Liquor, mixed, 30‑2 dust, 34‑6 ramp, 73‑25
List (verb) (ftn), 15‑18 eccentric, 44‑13 Loose
Listed error, 85‑2 cubic yard, 80‑1
label, 82‑3 fabric, 34‑6 -measure, 80‑1
product, 82‑3 factor, 31‑3 LOS
Liter, 1‑7 HL-93 (fig), 76‑22 criteria, signalized intersection (tbl),
Lithium-based admixture, 48‑2 hydraulic, 28‑3, 29‑11, 34‑24 73‑16
Lithotroph, 27‑6 impact, 44‑8 criteria, two-lane highway (tbl), 73‑14
Littoral, G‑10 lane, 76‑19 performance criteria, 73‑13
Live organic, 28‑3, 29‑10 Los Angeles abrasion test, 76-4
load, G‑10 pump shaft, 18‑12 Loss
-load factor, 74‑4 rate, 26‑14 and profit statement, 87‑35
load model, 74‑3 sewage treatment plant, 28‑3 coefficient, 17‑13, 17‑15
load (ftn), 45‑2 steel, 58‑6 coefficient, minor entrance, 19‑30
Lloyd-Davies equation (ftn), 20‑15 steel, fatigue, 58‑6 coefficient (tbl), 17‑14
Load surface, 26‑6, 29‑8, 29‑9 combustible, 24‑17
INDEX-L
allowance, dynamic, 74‑4 transverse, 41‑17 creep, 56‑4
and resistance factor design, 58‑5, 59‑8 volumetric, 30‑9 dry flue gas, 24‑17
and resistance factor design (ftn), 74‑3 weir, 26‑6, 29-8 during transport, 80‑9
and resistance factor rating method, Loadometer, 76‑18 electrical machine, 84‑18
bridge, 74‑4 Loads on buried pipe, 40‑9 entrance, culvert (tbl), 17‑21
block, 83‑10 Loan, 87‑41 factor, pulley, 41‑12
buckling, 53‑5, 61‑2 constant amount paid toward principal heat, 30‑18
-carrying wall, 54‑2 (fig), 87‑42 initial, G‑9
cell, 85‑13 direct reduction, 87‑43 local, 17‑13, A-64
chart, crane, 83‑11 direct reduction, balloon payment (fig), lump-sum, 56‑4
combination, 50‑3 87‑44 lump-sum, AASHTO, 56‑4
composite, 57‑3 direct reduction (fig), 87‑43 method, 24‑18
dead, 41‑5, G-6 repayment, 87‑4 minor, 17‑13, A-64
-deformation compatibility, 66‑4 repayment problem, 87‑4 prestress/pretension, 56‑3
distributed, 41‑5 simple interest, 87‑41 radiation, 24‑17
distributed, beam (fig), 41‑5 Local relaxation, 56‑4
distributed, moment, 41‑6 buckling, 44‑20, 59‑17, 61‑2, 61‑6 shrinkage, 56‑4
dominant, 46‑14 buckling (fig), 59‑17 time-dependent, 56‑4
duration factor (ftn), 59‑17 loss, 17‑13, A-64 Lost
-elongation curve, 43‑2 regulations, 82‑2 time, 73‑16
equivalency factor, 76‑18 road, 73‑3 time case rate, 83‑2
Euler, 61‑2 shear failure, 36‑3 work (ftn), 17‑5
factor, 40-10, 45‑2, 50‑3 Location workday rate, 83‑2
factor, bedding, 40‑10 effect on cost, 86‑7 Lot
factor, jacking force, 50‑4 landfill, 31‑4 parking, 73‑23
factor (haulage), 80‑1 parameter, 11‑8 parking, dimensions, 73‑24
factor design, 59‑8 stake (fig), 81‑5 Low
factor design method, 45‑2 water treatment plant, 26‑2 -alkali cement, 48‑2
factor rating method, bridge, 74‑4 Locomotive -cycle fatigue, 43‑10
factored, 50‑3 diesel-electric, 75‑5 excess-air burner, 34‑16
impact, 44‑8 resistance, 75‑5 -heat portland cement, 48‑2
inventory, 74‑3 tractive force, 75‑5 -lift loader, 76‑7
live, G‑10 Locus of points, 7‑2 -lift safety valve, 16‑15
live (ftn), 45‑2 Loess, G‑10 NOx burner, 34‑16
moving, 46‑14 Log -rate filter, 29‑9
noncomposite, 57‑3 injury (ftn), 83‑2 -strength material, controlled, 48‑8
operating, 74‑3 -linear form, 3‑13 -sulfur coal, 24‑5
overhung, 18‑12 mean, 11‑8 Lower
permit, 74‑3 -normal distribution, 11‑8 bound, 9‑4
posted, 74‑3 -normal distribution parameter values, confidence limit, 78‑2
posting, 74‑2 11‑8 heating value, 24‑15
proof, bolt, 45‑10, 45‑14 standard deviation, 11‑8 Lowest achievable emission rate, 34‑2
rating, bridge, 74‑2 strain, 43‑6 LPG, 24‑8
service, 45‑2, 50‑3 Logarithm, 3‑5 LRFD, 58‑5
shock, septage, 29‑3 common, 3‑5 LRFD (ftn), 74‑3
superposition, 41‑17 identity, 3‑6 Lubricant viscosity, A‑27
thermal, 47‑3 Napierian, 3‑6 Luffing jib, 83‑10
transfer, 77‑7 natural, 3‑6 Lump
transfer coefficient, 77‑7, 77‑10 Logarithmic growth phase, 27‑4 coal, 24‑5
transverse, truss, 41‑17 Logistic -sum fee, 88‑5
transverse truss member, 41‑17 equation, 27‑4 -sum loss, 56‑4
transverse truss member (fig), 41‑17 growth rate constant, 27‑4 -sum loss, AASHTO, 56‑4
truck, 76‑19 Log-spiral theory, 37‑3 Lyophilic, 14‑13
ultimate, 47‑2 Long Lyophobic, 14‑13
vector, 47‑11 column, 52‑1, 53‑1, 61‑4 Lysimeter, G‑10
Loaded tire radius, 75‑4 hydraulically, 19‑29 Lysosome, 27‑2
M roughness constant, A‑82 varying, 72‑20

M/M/1 single-server model, 73‑29 roughness variable, A‑82 yield, 31‑10
M/M/s multi-server model, 73‑30 Manometer, 15‑2, 15‑3 Mast, tower crane, 83‑10
MAAT, 76‑17 differential, 15‑3 Master text, 82‑12
Macadam, 76‑11 open, 15‑3 Mastic split, 76‑30
Mach number, 14‑16 Manometer (fig), 15‑3 Mat, 36‑10
Mach number (tbl), 1‑10 Mantissa, 3‑6 Material
Machine, 41‑21 Manual anisotropic, 5‑1
-drilled micropile, 38‑7 bookkeeping system (ftn), 87‑35 breach, 88‑6
electric, 84‑17 total station, 78‑5 cementitious, 48‑1
ideal, 13‑7 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control colloidal, 14‑8
real, 13‑7 Devices, 73‑2, 73‑18 direct, 87‑33
arm, 83‑10 Manufactured gas (ftn), 24‑8 ductile, 43‑6
Maclaurin series, 8‑9 Manufacturer’s margin, 24‑17 engineering, type (fig), 43‑2
MacPherson v. Buick (ftn), 88‑7 Manufacturing cost, 87‑34 hard, 43‑2
Macrofouling, 27‑8 Map low-strength, controlled, 48‑8
Macrophyte, 25‑8 scale, 78‑22 mechanics, 44‑2
Macroporous resin, 26‑18 symbols (fig), 78‑22 notch-brittle (ftn), 43‑7
Macroreticular topographic, 78‑22 orthotropic, G‑12
resin, 26‑18 topographic (fig), 78‑23 pipe, 16‑10
synthetic resin, 22‑24 Mapping plastic, 14‑7
MACRS depreciation factor (tbl), 87‑23 aerial, 78‑19 raw, 87‑34
Magma, 35‑32, G-10 function, 7‑3 recovery facility, 31‑10
Magmeter, 17‑29 Marble, 35‑33 resilient, 43‑7
INDEX-M
Magnaflux process, 43‑13 Margin safety data sheet, 83‑4

Magnaglow process, 43‑13 boiling-point, 32‑8 safety data sheet, category of, 83‑5
Magnesia (ftn), 24‑3 gross, 87‑37 soft, 43‑2
Magnesium, A‑129 manufacturer’s, 24‑17 strength, 44‑2
hardness, 25‑4 Market value, 87‑24 strength, layer, 77‑6
structural, A‑128 Marketing expense, 87‑34 strong, 43‑2
structural, properties, A‑128 Marking, stake, 81‑1 tough, 43‑7
Magnetic Marl, G‑10 variance, 87‑37
azimuth, 73‑32 Marshall Materialman’s lien, 88‑6
declination, 78‑12 method, mix design, 76‑11 Matrix, 4‑1
flowmeter, 17‑29 method, stability, 76‑11 algebra, 4‑4
meridian, 78‑12 mix design, 76‑11 associative law, 4‑4
particle testing, 43‑13, 82-4 mix design criteria (tbl), 76‑13 augmented, 4‑1
Magnification moment, 53‑2 mix design test (fig), 76‑15 coefficient, 4‑6
Magnifier mix test procedure, 76‑12 cofactor, 4‑1
flexural, 62‑2 stability, 76‑11 column, 4‑1
moment, 53‑5 test method, 76‑12 commutative law, 4‑4
Magnus effect, 17‑43 testing (fig), 76‑14 complex, 4‑1
Main, G‑10 Marshland survey, 78‑5 constant, 4‑6
force, 28‑4, G-7 Marston coefficients, 40‑9 costing, 86‑6
sewer, 28‑3 Marston’s formula, 40‑9 diagonal, 4‑1
Major Martensitic stainless steel (ftn), 22‑21 distributive law, 4‑4
axis, 7‑11, 59‑2, 61‑3 Masking, 34‑20 division, 4‑4
plant, 28‑3 Masonry echelon, 4‑1
source, pollution, 32‑3 absorption, 67‑5 element, 4‑1
weave, one-sided, 73‑28 column, 69‑1 entry, 4‑1
weave segment, 73‑28 compressive strength, 67‑4 equality of, 4‑4
Make cross sections, properties, A‑169, A‑171 identity, 4‑1
-or-break valve, 16‑15 density (ftn), 15‑12 inverse, 4‑6
-up water, 22‑24 embedment length, 67‑7 multiplication, 4‑4
Malodorous, G‑10 mortar, 68‑3 nonsingular, 4‑5
Malthusian growth, 3‑12 partially grouted, 68‑6 null, 4‑1
Management plain, 68‑1 order, 4‑1
project, 86‑1 properties, 67‑4 precedence, 86‑10
safety, technique, 75‑11 unit, 67‑1 rank, 4‑5
schedule, 86‑10 unit, concrete, 67‑1 row, 4‑1
Manager, construction, 88‑5 unreinforced, 68‑3 row equivalent, 4‑2
Maney formula, 45‑15 wall, 68‑1 row-reduced echelon, 4‑1
Manganese wall, interaction diagram, 68‑11 scalar, 4‑2
ion, in water, 25‑6, 26‑15 wire, 67‑7 simultaneous equations, 4‑6
removal process, 26‑15 wire lap length, 67‑8 singular, 4‑2, 4‑5
Manhole, 28‑5 Mass, 1‑1, 70-1 skew symmetric, 4‑2
Manning, A‑83 action, law of, 22‑14, 22‑16 square, 4‑2
constant, 19‑4 burning, 31‑10 symmetric, 4‑2
constant, variations, 19‑5 center of, 70‑1 transformation, 5‑3
equation, 19‑4 conversion, SI, A‑5 triangular, 4‑2
formula, 19‑4 curve, 20‑2 type, 4‑1
kinematic equation, 20‑3 diagram, 20‑22, 80‑7, 80‑9 unit, 4‑2
roughness coefficient, 19‑4 flow rate per unit area, 16‑8 variable, 4‑6
roughness coefficient, sheet flow, 20‑3 fraction curve, 26‑7 zero, 4‑2
roughness constant, A‑84 liquid, transfer, coefficient, 34‑22 Matter
roughness variable, A‑84 moment of inertia, 70‑2, A-181 mineral, 24‑3
Manning’s of sludge, water treatment, 26‑13 volatile, 24‑4
overland roughness coefficient, 20‑4 sludge, 26‑13, 30-14 Maturation pond, 29‑4
retardance roughness coefficient, 20‑4 -to-power ratio, 75‑9 Maturity date, 87‑30
roughness coefficient, A‑82 -transfer coefficient, 34‑22 Maxima point, 8‑2
Maximum offset stake, 81‑3 Meridian, 78‑12, 78-21 (fig), G-11

achievable control technology, 34‑2 reference point stake, 81‑1 assumed, 78‑12
capacity, 73‑7 reliable, 85‑2 grid, 78‑12
capacity, traffic, 73‑7 ton, 1‑7 magnetic, 78‑12
contaminant level, 25‑5, 28-16 witness stake, 81‑3 true, 78‑12
contaminant level goal, 25‑5 Mechanic’s lien, 88‑6 Meromictic lake, G‑11
dry density, 35‑18 Mechanical Mesa, G‑11
flame temperature (ftn), 24‑16 advantage, 15‑15, 41-11 Mesh, steel, A‑150
flood, probable, 20‑7 advantage, pulley block, 41‑12 Mesokurtic distribution, 11‑14
flow, 73‑7 advantage, rope-operated machine Mesophile (tbl), 27‑6
fluid velocity, 17‑3 (tbl), 41‑12 Mesophyllic bacteria, G‑11
freeway service flow rate (tbl), 73‑9 property, high-performance steel plate Metabolism, 27‑9, G-11
moment, 44‑9 (tbl), 58‑7 Metacenter, 15‑18
moment condition (fig), 50‑9 property, steel, 48‑9 Metacentric height, 15‑18
period, 73‑22 seal, 34‑16 Metal, 22‑2, 22‑3
plastic moment (tbl), 59‑12 similarity, 17‑48 active gas welding, 66‑2
point, 8‑2 Mechanics alkali, 22‑3
precipitation, probable, 20‑7 engineering, 41‑2 alkaline earth, 22‑3
prestress, 56‑7 material, 44‑2 base, 66‑1
rainfall, probable, G‑13 space, 72‑22 concentration, 28‑16
service flow rate, 73‑5 Mechanism, 41‑21, 47‑2 deck, filled, 57‑4
shear envelope, 47‑21 method, 59‑8 deck, orthotropic, 57‑5
shear stress theory, 43‑9 two-dimensional, 41‑21 deck, partially filled, 57‑4
slenderness ratio, steel tension mem‑ Mechanistic deck, unfilled composite, 57‑4
INDEX-M
ber, 60‑4 -empirical design, 77‑11 deck system, 57‑4
specific gravity, 76‑9 -empirical method, 76‑17 filler, 66‑1
specific growth rate, 30‑7 method, 76‑17 heavy, 22‑3, 28-16
specific growth rate coefficient, 28‑7 Media heavy, in wastewater, 28‑16
stress, with and without shoring, 64‑2 factor, 29‑12 inert gas welding, 66‑2
theoretical combustion temperature, packing, 34‑21 light, 22‑3
24‑16 Median, 11‑12, G-11 mechanical properties, A‑129
total uniform load table, 59‑8 barrier, heavy vehicle, 75‑14 properties, A‑129
value, sinusoid, 84‑5 barrier, heavy vehicle (fig), 75‑14 total, in wastewater, 28‑16
velocity, open channel, 19‑28 lane, G‑11 transition, 22‑3
velocity in pipe, 17‑3 speed, 73‑5 transition (ftn), 22‑3
water-cement ratio (tbl), 77‑3 Medium weld, 66‑1
yield coefficient, 28‑7 cure, asphalt, 76‑2 Metalimnion, G‑11
MCL, 25‑5, 28-16 screen, wastewater, 29‑5 Metallic property, 22‑2
MCLG, 25‑5 Megagram, 1‑6 Metalloid, 22‑3
Mean, 11‑12, 34-9 Meinzer unit, 21‑3 Metamorphic rock, 35‑33, G-11
annual air temperature, 76‑17 Member Metathesis (ftn), 22‑7
arithmetic, 11‑12 axial, 41‑12 Meteoric water, G‑11
cell residence time, 30‑4, 30‑8 axial, force, 41‑12 Meter
depth, hydraulic (ftn), 19‑3 circular, 50‑22 constant, 17‑31
effective pressure, 85‑15 force, 41‑18 current, 17‑29
fourth moment of, 11‑14 pin-connected, axial, 41‑13 density-on-the-run, 76‑9
free path, air, 34‑9 redundant, 41‑8, 41‑14 displacement, 17‑28
free path length, gas, 34‑9 set, 11‑1 normal cubic, 24‑2
geometric, 11‑13 tension, staggered holes (fig), 60‑2 obstruction, 17‑28
harmonic, 11‑13 tension, uniform thickness, unstaggered orifice, 17‑32
number, M/M/s system (fig), 73‑31 holes (fig), 60‑2 orifice (fig), 17‑32
residence time, 29‑8, 32‑10 tension, unstaggered row of holes (fig), pressure (ftn), 14‑3
sea level, 78‑8 60‑2 torque, 85‑14
slip coefficient, 65‑3 tension (fig), 60‑1 turbine, 17‑29
speed, 73‑4, 73‑5 three-force, 41‑7 variable-area, 17‑28
speed, space, G‑15 two-force, 41‑7, 41‑13 venturi, 17‑31
standard error of, 11‑15 zero-force, 41‑14 venturi (fig), 17‑31
stress, 43‑10 zero-force (fig), 41‑14 Metering pump, 18‑4
third moment about, 11‑14 Membership interest, 88‑3 Methane
time before failure (ftn), 11‑9 Membrane gas, 30‑18
time to failure, 11‑9 cell, 27‑1 heating value, 30‑18
velocity, open channel, 19‑2 pumping, 27‑3 landfill, 31‑5
Meander corner, G‑10 reinforced, 31‑4 properties (tbl), 31‑6
Meandering stream, G‑10 semipermeable, 14‑11 series, 24‑1
Measure support, 40‑11 sludge, 30‑18
bank-, 80‑1 supported, 31‑4 Methanol, 24‑8
compacted-, 80‑1 synthetic, 31‑4 Methemoglobinemia, 25‑9
loose-, 80‑1 unreinforced, 31‑4 Method (see also type)
Measurement unsupported, 31‑4 60-degree, 40‑2
angle (fig), 78‑13 Meniscus, 14‑13 α-, 38‑3
areal, 1‑9 Mensuration, 7‑1, A-8 absolute volume, concrete, 77‑2
board foot, 1‑8 of area, A‑6 accelerated depreciation, 87‑23
crow’s foot, 81‑3 of volume, A‑10 allowable stress design, 45‑2, 50-3
distance, 78‑8, 78‑9 pile, 80‑2 angle measurement, 78‑12
elevation, 78‑9, 78‑10, 78‑12 three-dimensional, A‑10 annual cost, 87‑16
flow, 17‑28, 26‑4 two-dimensional, A‑8 annual return, 87‑16
ground stake, 81‑1 MEP, 85‑15 area transformation, 44‑21
guard stake, 81‑3 Mer, 26‑9 average cost, 87‑39
horizontal stadia (fig), 78‑9 Mercaptan compound, 27‑10 average end area, 80‑4
hub stake, 81‑1 Mercury, density (tbl), 14‑3 beta-, 38‑4
inclined stadia (fig), 78‑9 Merging taper, 73‑33 base exchange, 26‑18
benefit-cost ratio, 87‑16 specific identification, 87‑39 column eccentricity, 69‑3

bisection, 3‑4, 12‑1 stadia, 78‑8, G-15 design speed (tbl), 73‑4
Bowditch, 78‑15 station offset, 79‑5 fillet weld size (tbl), 66‑4
Casagrande, 35‑25 storage indication, 20‑23 point, 8‑2
capital recovery, 87‑16 straight-line, 20‑8, 87-22 radius curve, 79‑8
capitalized cost, 87‑15 strength design, 50‑3 shear, 46‑10
chord offset, 79‑6 sum-of-the-years’, 87‑22 splice length, 67‑7
compatibility, 46‑2 superposition, 46‑4 thickness, asphalt (tbl), 76‑25
consistent deformation, 46‑2 surface area, 76‑7 thickness, slab (tbl), 51‑2
constant percentage, 87‑22 surveying, 78‑5 velocity, open channel, 19‑2
Crandall, 78‑15 tangent offset, 79‑5 weld size, 66‑9
crash estimation, HSM, 75‑17 Thiessen, 20‑2 Minipile, 38‑7
cut-and-sum, 41‑16 transfer unit, 34‑22 Minor
deflection angle, 79‑4 ultimate strength design, 45‑2 axis, 7-11, 59‑2, 61‑3
direct design, 51‑6 unit strength, 67‑4 axis buckling and bracing (fig), 61‑4
displacement, photogrammetry, 78‑20 variable-slope, 20‑8 entrance loss coefficient (tbl), 19‑30
double declining balance (ftn), 87‑22 Winfrey (ftn), 87‑17 loss, 17‑13, A-64
double meridian distance, 78‑17 Methyl of entry, 4‑2
double-entry bookkeeping (ftn), 87‑35 alcohol, 24‑8 plant, 28-3
dummy unit load, 46‑7 orange alkalinity, 22‑23 Minus
elastic, 66‑6, 66‑8 Methylmercury, G‑11 declination, 78‑12
equivalent axial compression, 62‑2 Metolachlor, 32‑13 sight, 78‑10
equivalent beam, 51‑6 Metric Mirex, 32‑13
European, distance measurement, 78‑8 system, 1‑4 Miscellaneous formulas, angles, 6‑4
INDEX-M
Espey, 20‑13 ton, 1‑7 Misrepresentation, 88‑6

extraction, 76‑10 Meyer Missing
false position (ftn), 12‑2 hardness, 43‑15 angle, traverse, 78‑16
first-in, first-out, 87‑39 test, 43‑15 side, traverse, 78‑16
fixed percentage on diminishing bal‑ -Vickers test, 43‑15 Mission time, 11‑9
ance (ftn), 87‑22 Meyerhof Mitochondria, 27‑2
fixed percentage on diminishing value bearing capacity factor, 36‑3 Mix
(ftn), 87‑22 bearing capacity factor (tbl), 36‑4 asphalt, 76‑3
fixed-base, 20‑8 factor, 36‑4 bituminous, 76‑2
Greenshields-Poisson, 73‑18 factor (tbl), 36‑4 dense-graded, 76‑4
Hardy Cross, 17‑26 mg/L, 22‑12 design, Hveem method, 76‑14
Hveem mix design, 76‑14 mho (ftn), 84‑3 design, Marshall method, 76‑11
instantaneous center of rotation, 65‑6 Mica, 35‑33 design method, hot mix asphalt con‑
integration, 42‑1, 42‑4 Microbe, 27‑6 crete, 76‑11
isohyetal, 20‑2 categorization, 27‑6 flow value, 76‑12
lagging storm, 20‑13 characteristic (tbl), 27‑7 open-graded, 76‑3
last-in, first-out, 87‑39 growth, 28‑7 plant, 76‑6, G-13
least squares, 78‑15 organism (tbl), 27‑7 road, G‑14
LFR, 74‑4 Micrometer (ftn), 32‑8 six-sack, 49‑2
loss, 24‑18 Micron (ftn), 32‑8 stability, 76‑12
Marshall, 76‑11 Micronized coal (ftn), 24‑5 tender, 76‑6
Marshall test, 76‑12 Microorganism, 27‑4, G-11 Mixed
mechanistic-empirical, 76‑17 Micropile (see also type), 38‑7 bed unit, naked, 22‑26
Newton’s, 12‑2 machine-drilled, 38‑7 -flow pump, 18‑4
nonsequential drought, 20‑22 Microsilica, 48‑2 -flow pump (ftn), 18‑4
normal-ratio, 20‑3 Microstrain, 85‑9 -flow reaction turbine, 18‑25
numerical, 12‑1 Microstrainer, 26‑3, 26‑15 liquor, 30‑2
numerical, polynomial, 3‑4 Microtunneling, 40‑11 liquor suspended solids, 30‑4
of consistent deformations, 44‑21, 47-7 Microwave asphalt recycling, 76‑30 liquor volatile suspended solids, 30‑4
of coordinates, 78‑17 Middle occupancy, 82‑7
of discs, 9‑6 ordinate, 79‑11 use, 82‑7
of equivalent lengths, 17‑13 strip, slab, 51‑6 Mixed triple product, 5‑5
of joints, 41‑15 Midspan deflections from prestressing (fig), Mixer, 26‑11
of least squares, 11‑17 56‑5 asphalt, 76‑6
of loss coefficients, 17‑13 Migration batch, 76‑6
of sections, 41‑16 leachate, 31‑7 center-entry, 76‑6
of shells, 9‑6 velocity, 34‑9 counterflow, 76‑7
of undetermined coefficients, 3‑7, 10‑4 Mil, 22‑20, A-5 drum, 76‑6
oxidation number change, 22‑8 Mile, nautical, 79‑23 flash, 26‑11
parallelogram, 5‑3 Miles per gallon, 75‑4, 75‑11 paddle, 26‑11
peak searching, 75‑18 Milk of lime, 26‑16 parallel-flow, 76‑6
polygon, 5‑3 Milliequivalent per liter, bar chart, 25‑1 quick, 26‑11
present worth, 87‑15 Milligram rapid, 26‑11
prism test, 67‑4 equivalent weight, 22‑12 Mixing
projection, 87‑10 per liter, 22‑12 complete, 26‑11, G-5
pyramid, 76‑15 per liter (ftn), 22‑25 concrete, 49‑2, 49‑5
radial displacement (fig), 78‑20 Million, parts per, 22‑12 model, complete, 26‑11
rate of return, 87‑17 Mineral model, plug flow, 26‑11
rational, modified, 20‑21 aggregate, 76‑3 opportunity parameter, 26‑12
rational, peak runoff, 20‑15 detrial, G‑6 plug flow, 26‑11
regula falsi (ftn), 12‑2 filler, 76‑3 problem, 10‑9
S-curve, 20‑13 matter, 24‑3 rate constant, 26‑11
secant (ftn), 12‑2 Minima point, 8‑2 Reynolds number, 26‑12
simple ranking, 75‑18 Minimum velocity, 26‑11
sinking fund, 87‑23 attractive rate of return, 87‑14, 87‑16 water, concrete, 77‑2
sliding window, 75‑18 beam thickness (tbl), 50‑17 water requirement, concrete (tbl), 77‑4
solid volume, concrete, 77‑2 beam width (tbl), 50‑8
Mixture, G‑11 of subgrade reaction, Westergaard, force about a line, 41‑3

air-entraining, 48‑4 77‑6 force about a line (fig), 41‑3
asphalt, 76‑4 of toughness, 43‑7 fourth standardized, 11‑14
concrete, typical, 48‑1 plastic section, 59‑8 free, 41‑4, 41‑10
concrete (see also type), 49‑1 point bulk, 14‑15 free (fig), 41‑10
gap-graded, 76‑4 resilient, 76‑21, G-14 function, 44‑14
proportioning, concrete, 77‑2 secant, 43‑4 gradient multiplier, 59‑4
rule, 32‑2 secant, bulk, 14‑15 hydrostatic, 15‑12
sweetening, 48‑2 section, 42‑7, 44‑12, 59‑4 magnification, 53‑2
watery, 48‑4 shear, 43‑9, 44‑2, 58‑2 magnifier, 53‑5
wet, 48‑4 shear (tbl), 43‑9 maximum, 44‑9
mks system, 1‑4, 1‑5 subgrade, 35‑32 maximum plastic (tbl), 59‑12
MLSS, 30‑4 tangent, 48‑5 modification factor, 59‑4
MLVSS, 30‑4 tangent, bulk, 14‑15 of a function, first, 9‑6
MLθT system, 1‑8 Young’s, 43‑2, 44‑2, 48‑5 of a function, second, 9‑7
MMA concrete, 48‑8 Young’s, concrete, 48‑5 of area, first, 46‑6
Mobile batcher mixer, 49‑5 Mohlman index, G‑11 of force about a point, 41‑3
Mode, 11‑12 Mohr’s of inertia, 42‑4, 53‑3, A-127
alternate, 73‑20 circle, 42‑9, 44‑7 of inertia, area, 42‑4, A-127
brittle failure, 50‑6 circle for stress (fig), 44‑7 of inertia, cracked, 50‑15
ductile failure, 50‑6 theory of rupture, 43‑8 of inertia, cracked (fig), 50‑16
free-flow, 19‑15 Mohr-Coulomb equation (ftn), 35‑26 of inertia, effective, 50‑16
rapid static, 78‑7 Mohs of inertia, gross, 50‑16
speed, 73‑5 hardness scale (fig), 43‑14 of inertia, mass, 70‑2
INDEX-M
submerged, 19‑15 scale, 43‑14 of inertia, polar, 42‑6
Model, 17‑48 test, 43‑14 of inertia, principal, 42‑8
Bingham-plastic, 17‑13 Moiety, 23‑1 of inertia, transformed, 50‑15
Calvert, venturi scrubber, 34‑19 Moist of momentum, 72‑3
code, 82‑1 curing, 48‑5 one-way (ftn), 44‑8
distorted, 17‑48 density, 35‑8 overturning, dam, 15‑12
filter drag, 34‑6 Moisture resisting (ftn), 44‑8
live load, 74‑3 condition, antecedent (ftn), 20‑18 -resisting connection, 65‑8
M/M/1 single-server, 73‑29 content, 35‑7 -resisting connection, framing (fig),
M/M/s multi-server, 73‑30 content, optimum, 35‑18, 35‑20 65‑8
power-law, 17‑13 content, soil, 21‑2 righting, 15‑18
queuing, 73‑29 level, bed, 24‑3 second area, 42‑4
scale, 17‑48 mol, 22‑5 statical, 42‑3, 44‑11
Modeling Molality, 22‑11 strength, nominal, 50‑8
pedestrian impact, 75‑16 Molar ultimate plastic, 59‑13
stormwater, 20‑24 specific heat, 13‑4 Momentum, 17‑35, 72-3
vehicle accident, 75‑14 volume, 22‑5 angular, 17‑35, 72-3
watershed, 20‑24 Molarity, 22‑11 angular (fig), 72‑4
Modification factor, crash, 75‑17, 75‑18 Mole, 22‑5, G-11 conservation, 72‑3
Modified fraction, 14‑6, 22‑12, 24‑2 fluid, 17‑35
Accelerated Cost Recovery System, percent, 14‑6 flux (ftn), 17‑15
87‑22 Molecular law of conservation, 72‑3
Davis equation, 75‑5 formula, biomass, 27‑11 linear, 17‑35, 72-3
portland cement, 48‑2 weight, 22‑5, G-11 moment of, 72‑3
Proctor test, 35‑18 Molecule, 22‑2 Money, time value, 87‑5
rational method, 20‑21 hydrated, 22‑6 Monitor
Modifier spacing, 14‑2 steel, 45‑22
asphalt, 76‑6 Mollier diagram, steam, A‑97 well, 21‑5
asphalt (tbl), 76‑6 Mollusk, 27‑8 Monitoring
Modular ratio, 44‑21, 50‑15, 56‑4, 57‑3 Moment, 41‑2, 44‑8 landfill, 31‑9
Modulus, 3‑8 amplification factor, 53‑5, 62‑2 project, 86‑15
apparent, 43‑12 area method, 44‑15 well, 31‑9
bulk, 14‑15 arm, 41‑3 Monod’s equation, 28‑7
bulk, water, 14‑15 available, table, 59‑10 Monofill sludge, 30‑21
chord, masonry, 67‑5 available, versus unbraced length (fig), Monomial, 3‑2
creep, plastics, 43‑12 59‑3 Monomictic, G‑11
elastic, 43‑2 bending, 44‑12 Monte Carlo simulation, 20‑23
elasticity, shear, 43‑9 bending (ftn), 44‑8 Monte Carlo simulation (ftn), 87‑44
fineness, 48‑3 capacity, 50‑9 Montreal Protocol, 32‑6
initial, 48‑5 coefficient, 47‑20 Moody
of elasticity, 43‑2, 43‑4, 44‑2, 58‑2 component, 41‑4 friction factor chart, 17‑7
of elasticity, concrete, 48‑5, 77-7 couple, 41‑4 friction factor chart (fig), 17‑8
of elasticity, concrete (fig), 48‑6 coupling, 41‑4 Mortality, infant, 11‑9
of elasticity, grout, 67‑6 cracking, 50‑16, 56‑10, 56‑11 Mortar, 67‑5
of elasticity, reduction at high tem‑ critical section (fig), 55‑5 face shell, 68‑4
perature, steel (tbl), 43‑3 diagram, 44‑9, 59‑14 full, 68‑4
of elasticity, representative material at distributed load, 41‑6 masonry, 68‑3
room temperature (tbl), 43‑3 distribution, column strip (tbl), 51‑7 properties, 67‑5
of elasticity, secant concrete, 48‑5 distribution, exterior span (tbl), 51‑7 Most
of elasticity, steel, 17‑41, 48-9 distribution method, 47‑3, 47‑14 economical shape, 58‑6
of resilience, 43‑7 distribution worksheet, A‑149 efficient cross section, 19‑9
of rigidity, 43‑9 end, amplified, 53‑5 likely value, 78‑2
of rupture, 50‑16, 77-6 factored, slab beam, 51‑7 probable number index (MPN), 27‑9
of rupture, concrete, 48‑6 first area, 42‑3 Motion
of shear, 43‑9 fixed-end, 46‑7, A-140 about fixed point, 72‑2
of subgrade reaction, 35‑32, 76-21 flexural (ftn), 44‑8 angular, 71‑7
footing, overturning (fig), 36‑9 circular, 71‑7
constrained, 72‑11 bearing capacity factor (tbl), 36‑4 skin friction, 38‑6
constrained (fig), 72‑12 coupling, 83‑8 temperature coefficient, 85‑5
dependent, 71‑12 distance, 83‑8 Negligence, 88‑6
general, 72‑2 frequency, 83‑8 comparative, 88‑6
general plane, 72‑2 horizontal, 83‑8 NEMA
impending, 72‑6 moment gradient, 59‑4 motor size, 84‑13
impending phase, 72‑6 vertical, 83‑8 motor size (tbl), 18‑11
laws of planetary, 72‑21 Municipal Nematode, 27‑8
linear, 71‑2 solid waste, 31‑1, 31‑2, 31‑10 Nephelometric turbidity unit, 25‑9
Newton’s first law, 26‑5, 72-4 solid waste landfill, 31‑2 Nest, piezometer, G‑13
Newton’s second law of, 72‑4 wastewater, 28‑2 Net
Newton’s third law of, 72‑5 water demand, 26‑24 air-to-cloth ratio, 34‑5
plane, 71‑13 Mushroom cap, 83‑7 allowable bearing pressure, 36‑2
plane of, 72‑2 Mussel, 27‑8 area, 60‑2, 60‑3
planetary (fig), 72‑22 zebra, 27‑8 area, critical, 60‑3
projectile, 71‑4 area, effective, 60‑3
relative, 71‑10 N bearing capacity, 36‑4
rigid body, 72‑2 N filtering area, 34‑5
rotational particle, 71‑7 -value, 35‑16, 36‑7 filtering velocity, 34‑5
unconstrained (fig), 72‑12 -value, correlation, 35‑17 flow, 20‑7, 21‑8
uniform, 71‑3 NAAQS, 32‑2 head, 18‑7
Motor, 84‑14, 84‑17, A-191 Nadir, 78‑19 heating value, 24‑15
electrical, 84‑12 Nailing, soil, 40‑11 horizontal pressure distribution, bulk‑
gear, 18‑12 Naked mixed bed unit, 22‑26 head (fig), 39‑5
INDEX-N
induction, 84‑15 Name income, 87‑35

octane number, 24‑6 IUC, 23‑1 inlet pressure required (ftn), 18‑15
polyphase, A‑190 IUPAC, 23‑1 line, 80‑10
service factor, 18‑11 Nameplate net filtering velocity, 34‑5
size, 18‑11 motor, 84‑14 positive inlet pressure (ftn), 18‑3
speed control, 84‑16 rating, 18‑11 positive suction head available, 18‑15
synchronous, 84‑16 Names and formulas of chemicals, A‑98 positive suction head required, 18‑15
Mountain survey, 78‑5 Nanofiltration, 26‑23 present value (ftn), 87‑6
Movable equipment cost, 86‑5 Naphthalene series, 24‑2 profit, 87‑39
Movement Napierian logarithm, 3‑5 rain, 20‑18, G-11
critical, 73‑16 Nappe, 19‑11 rain (ftn), 20‑7
in depth, 75‑10 National specific growth rate, 28‑7
nonweaving, 73‑26 ambient air quality standards stack temperature, 24‑15
weaving, 73‑26 (NAAQS), 32‑2 strains, 85‑12
Moving Board of Fire Underwriters equation, tensile strain, 50‑5
average forecasting, 87‑44 26-25 tensile strain (fig), 50‑5
load, 46‑14 Bridge Inspection Standards (ftn), 74‑1 Netting, draining, 31‑3
MSDS, 83‑4 Building Code (ftn), 58‑5 Network
category, chemical identity, 83‑5 Cooperative Highway Research Pro‑ activity-on-arc, 86‑13
category, control measure, 83‑6 gram, 76‑17, 76‑22 activity-on-branch, 86‑13
category, fire and explosion hazard Council of Examiners for Engineering activity-on-node, 86‑11
data, 83‑6 and Surveying, 90-1 diagnosis, transportation, 75‑19
category, hazardous ingredient/ Electrical Code, 82-3, 84‑9 node, transportation, 75‑16
identity information, 83‑5 Fire Protection Association, 82‑3 pipe, 17‑26
category, health hazard data, 83‑6 primary drinking water standards, roadway, warrant, signalization, 73‑20
category, manufacturer’s name, 83‑5 25‑5, A-108 screening, transportation, 75‑18
category, physical/chemical character‑ Research Council, 29‑11 transportation, 75‑2, 75‑16
istic, 83‑5 Society of Professional Engineers, 89‑1, Neutral
category, reactivity data, 83‑6 89-4 axis, 44‑12
category, safe handling and use precau‑ Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, axis, plastic, 64‑3
tion, 83‑6 82‑3 equilibrium, 72‑2
category, special precaution, 83‑6 Natural plane, 44‑12
MSW, 31‑1 attenuation, landfill, 31‑2 pressure, 21‑9
MTBF (ftn), 11‑9 frequency, 9‑7 solution, 22‑13, 25‑1
MTON, 1‑7 gas, 24‑8, 24‑12 stress, 35‑14
MTTF, 11‑9 gas, standard condition, 24‑2 stress coefficient, 21‑9
Mud line, 39‑2, G-11 logarithm, 3‑5 Neutralization, 22‑13, 34-24
Mulching, 80‑11 watercourse, 19‑11 Neutralizing amine, 22‑25
Multi Nautical mile, 79‑23 Neutron
-dial controller, 73‑20 Navigation sub-task, 75‑9 gaging, 43‑13
-layer filter, 26‑14 NBIS (ftn), 74‑1 radiography, 43‑13
-media filter, 26‑14 NCHRP, 76‑17, 76‑22 Newmark chart, 40‑2
Multilane highway, 73‑11 NDT, 82‑4 Newton, 1‑1, 1‑5
Multiloop pipe system, 17‑26 Neat line, 80‑10 form (ftn), 12‑3
Multiplate, 16‑13 NEC, 82‑3, 84-9 Newton’s
Multiple continuous operation, 84‑9 first law of motion, 26‑5, 72-4
hypergeometric distribution, 11‑5 Necking down, 43‑5 gravitational constant, 72‑21
pipe containment, 34‑17 Needed gravitational constant (tbl), 72‑21
reservoir, 17‑24 fire flow, 26‑24 interpolating polynomial, 12‑3
-stage pump, 18‑5 fire flow, ISO, 26‑25 law of cooling, 10‑10
wythe, 68‑15 Needle law of gravitation, 72‑21
Multiplication pile, 38‑7 law of universal gravitation, 72‑21
matrix, 4‑4 valve, 16‑13 law of viscosity, 14‑7
vector, 5‑3 Negative method, 12‑2
Multiplicity of rates of return (tbl), 87‑13 declaration, 32‑3 notation, 8‑1
Multiplier element, 85‑7 second law of motion, 72‑4
asymmetric, 83‑8 exponential distribution, 11‑9
third law of motion, 72‑5 Noncomposite NOx, 32‑10

universal constant, 72‑21 action, 68‑15 burner, low, 34‑16
Newtonian load, 57‑3 burner, ultra-low, 34‑16
fluid, 14‑2, 14‑7 Nonconcentric tension connection, 66‑5 control, 24‑5
inertial frame of reference, 71‑10 Noncriteria pollutant, 32‑2 fuel, 32‑10
non-, viscosity, 17‑13 Noncritical activity, 86‑12 fuel-bound, 32‑10
NFPA, 82‑3 Nondestructive prompt-, 32‑10
252, 82‑4, 82-5 evaluation, 43‑13, 82-4 Nozzle
257, 82-4 inspection, 82‑4 ASME long radius (ftn), 17‑34
5000, 82‑1 test, 43‑15, 82-4 coefficient, 18‑24
Nickel, A‑129 testing, 43‑13, 82-4 converging-diverging, 17‑31
Nikuradse equation, 17‑6 Nonhomogeneous flow, 17‑34
NIMBY syndrome, 31‑5 differential equation, 10‑1, 10‑4 ISA (ftn), 17‑34
NIOSH lifting equation, 83‑7 linear equation, 3‑7 loss, turbine, 18‑24
Nitrate Nonlinear NPDES, 29‑2, 32‑15, G-11
in wastewater, 28‑15 equation, 10‑1 NPSE, 89‑1
in water, 25‑9 interpolation, 12‑3 NPSHA, 18‑15
nitrogen, 27‑6 regression curves, 11‑18 NPSHR hydrocarbon, 18‑23
Nitric oxide, 32‑10 second-order analysis, 53‑2 NRC equation, 29‑11
Nitrification, 28‑10 Nonliquid asset, 87‑36 NRCS, 20‑3, 20‑11
/denitrification process, 29‑13 Nonlubricated condition, 72‑7 curve number, 20‑17
Nitrile (tbl), 23‑1, 23‑2 Nonmerging taper, 73‑33 dimensionless unit hydrograph, 20‑12
Nitro (tbl), 23‑1 Nonmetal, 22‑2, 22‑3 graphical method, 20‑21
Nitrogen Nonparametric equation, 3‑2 lag equation, 20‑4
INDEX-N
dioxide, 32‑10 Nonpathogenic, G‑11 peak discharge, 20‑21
fixation, G‑11 Nonphotosynthetic bacteria, 27‑6 synthetic unit hydrograph, 20‑11, 20‑12
in wastewater, 28‑15 Nonplastic soil, 35‑22 NRTL, 82‑3
ion, in water, 25‑9 Nonpoint source, G‑11 NTU, 25‑9, G-11
Kjeldahl, 28‑15 Nonpotable water, 27‑4 Nuclear
organic, 25‑9, 28-15 Nonquantifiable factor, 87‑3 gauge, 35‑22
oxide, 32‑10 Nonquantitative factor, 87‑3 gauge testing, 76‑10
-oxygen ratio, 24‑9 Nonrectangular channel, 19‑19 moisture/density gauge, 35‑22
total, 25‑9, 28-15 Nonreverse-flow check valve, 16‑13 sensing, 43‑13
Nitrogenous demand, 28‑10, G-11 Nonsequential drought method, 20‑22 Nucleon, 22‑2
Nitrous oxide (ftn), 32‑10 Nonsingular matrix, 4‑5 Nuisance flood, 20‑6
Noble gas, 22‑3 Nonstriping sight distance, G‑11 Null
No-boiler incinerator, 31‑10 Nonuniform flow, 19‑2, 19‑16 event, 11‑3
Node, 7‑2, 86-10, G-11 Nonvibration concrete, 48‑8 hypothesis, 11‑15, 75-12
dummy, 86‑13 Nonvolatile solids, 30‑4 -indicating bridge (ftn), 85‑10
transportation network, 75‑16 Nonweaving movement, 73‑26 indicator, 85‑10
Noise Nonwoven fabric, 40‑11 matrix, 4‑1
action level, OSHA, 83‑8 Normal point, 34‑11
dose, 83‑8 component, 71‑10 position, 85‑4
dose, permissible (fig), 83‑8 component, acceleration, 71‑8 region, 7‑3
exposure level (tbl), 83‑8 cubic meter, 24‑2 set, 11‑1
level limit, 83‑8 curve, area under standard (tbl), A‑14 Number
OSHA, 83‑8 depth, 19‑7, G-11 atomic, 22‑2, A-92, G-2
reduction ratio, 83‑8 depth, rectangular channel, 19‑7 Avogadro’s, 22‑5
Nomenclature distribution, 11‑6 Brinell hardness, 43‑14
photogrammetry (fig), 78‑19 force, 72‑6, 75‑6 cavitation, 18‑17
steel, 58‑1 force, on a dam, 15‑12 cetane, 24‑7
Nominal force (ftn), 72‑5 charge, 22‑4
concrete shear strength, 50‑22 form, 7‑5 complex, 3‑1, 3‑8
damages, 88‑8 hydrogen, 22‑2 curve, NRCS, 20‑17
dimension, pipe, 16‑11 line vector, 8‑7 curve, SCS, 20‑17
interaction diagram, 52‑6 portland cement, 48‑2 dimensionless (tbl), 1‑10
interest rate, 87‑29 -ratio method, 20‑3 direction, 7‑5
moment strength, 50‑8 slope, 19‑3 Eötvös, 17‑48
resistance, 74‑4 speed, 72‑9 Eötvös (tbl), 1‑10
shear strength, 50‑22 stress, 44‑2 Froude, 17‑50, 19‑19
shear strength, beam, 59‑5 temperature and pressure, 24‑2 imaginary, 3‑1
strength, 45‑2, 50‑4 vector, 7‑6 irrational, 3‑1
system voltage (ftn), 84‑5 view, 2‑1 Mach, 14‑16
value, 50‑4 Normality, 22‑12 motor octane, 24‑6
Nomograph, Hazen-Williams, A‑64 Normalized eccentricity, 52‑3 octane, 24‑6
Non Normally odor, G‑11
-Newtonian fluid, 14‑2 consolidated, 35‑25 odor threshold, 26‑16
-Newtonian viscosity, 17‑13 consolidated soil, 40-4 G‑11 of passes, effective, 29‑11
-SI units, 1‑8 consolidated clay, 40‑4 of transfer units, 34‑19
Nonattainment area, 32‑2 consolidated curve, 40‑4 oxidation, 22‑3, 22‑4, G-12
Nonbearing wall, 54‑1 Normalweight concrete, 48‑4, 48‑7, 48‑8 oxidation (tbl), 22‑4
Noncarbonate North American Industry Classification performance, 24‑6
hardness, 22‑23, 25‑4 System (ftn), 83-2 period, 87‑9
hardness removal, 26‑17 Norwalk virus, 27‑7 random, A‑91
Noncatalytic reduction, selective, 34‑20 Notation, Newton’s, 8‑1 rational, 3‑1
Noncircular duct, 17‑10 Notch real, 3‑1
Nonclog pump, 18‑5 -brittle material (ftn), 43‑7 research octane, 24‑6
Noncohesive soil, 37‑2 factor, fatigue, 43‑11 Reynolds, 16‑8
Noncompact section, 61‑7 sensitivity, 43‑11 Reynolds, similarity, 17‑48
stress concentration, 44‑5 smoke spot, 24‑12, 32-16
toughness, 43‑15 stability, 39‑3, 40‑8
structural, 76‑18 Ohm’s law, 84‑3, 84‑7 Orbit

threshold odor, 26‑16 Oil eccentricity, 72‑22
type, 3‑1 Bunker C, 24‑6 eccentricity (tbl), 72‑22
viscosity blending, 14‑17 distillate, 24‑6 geostationary, 72‑22
Weber, 17‑50 fuel, 24‑6 law of, 72‑21
Weber, similarity (tbl), 17‑50 residual fuel, 24‑6 Order, G-12
Weber (ftn), 17‑50 spill, 32‑12 change, 86‑16
Numbering system, 3‑1 Oily condition, 72‑7 conscious, 11‑2
Numerical Olefin series, 24‑2 differential equation, 10‑1
analysis, 12‑1 Oligotrophic, G‑12 first, survey accuracy, 78‑5
event, 11‑4 On matrix, 4‑1
method, 12‑1 -demand timing, 73‑21 of accuracy, 78‑5
method, polynomial, 3‑4 cost, 86‑9 of the reaction, 22‑14
Nusselt number (tbl), 1‑10 Once-through cooling water, 32‑7 stream, G‑15
Nut One survey accuracy, 78‑5
coal, 24‑5 percent flood, 20‑7 Ordinance, zoning, 82‑2
factor, 45‑15 -sided major weave, 73‑28 Ordinate 7‑2
material, 58‑4 -sided ramp weave, 73‑28 middle, 79‑11
-sided weaving segment, 73‑28 Organelle, 27‑1
O -sided weaving segment (fig), 73‑28 Organic
O’Connor and Dobbins formula, 28‑8 -tail limit, 11‑16 acid (tbl), 23‑2
Object height, 78‑20 -third rule, 78‑18 chemical, volatile, G‑17
Objective safety, 75‑2 -way slab, 51‑2 chemistry, 23‑1
Objectively scored problem, 90‑3 -way, slab (fig), 51‑2 chlorinated, 32‑13
INDEX-O
Obligate -way drainage, 40‑5 color, in water, 25‑9

aerobe, 27‑6 -way moment (ftn), 44‑8 compound, 23‑1
anaerobe, 27‑6 -way shear, 55‑3 compound, synthesis route, 23‑3
Oblique -way shear (ftn), 44‑8 compound, volatile, 28‑15, 32‑17
axis, 2‑2 Ontario compound family, 23‑1
impact, 72‑19 barrier, 75‑14 family, 23‑2, 23‑3
perspective, 2‑3 barrier (fig), 75‑14 functional group, 23‑1, 23‑3
triangle, 6‑6, A-188 Opacity, smoke, 32‑16 loading, 28‑3, 29‑11
view, 2‑2 Open matter, 35‑4
Observation well, G‑11 area, well screen, 21‑5 nitrogen, 25‑9, 28-15
Observed yield, 30‑8 channel, 19‑2 polymer, 26‑9
Obsidian, 35‑33 channel, conveyance factor, A‑86, A‑88 precursor, 25‑10, 25‑11
Obstruction meter, 17‑28 channel, flow, nomograph, A‑92 refractory, 28‑6
Obtuse angle, 6‑1 channel, flow, type, 19‑3 sedimentary rock, 35‑33
Occupancy channel, hydraulic parameter, 19‑4 solid, dissolved, 29‑3
category, 82‑6 channel flow, 16‑6 sulfur, 24‑4
class, 82‑6 circuit, electrical, 84‑2 trace, 29‑3
combustible factor, 26‑25 -cut method, 40‑11 Organism
group, 82‑6 -graded aggregate, 76‑4 indicator, 27‑9
group (tbl), 82‑8 -graded friction course, 76‑4 microbe (tbl), 27‑7
mixed, 82‑7 -graded mix, 76‑3 Organismal growth, 27‑3
ratio, lane, G‑10 grid floor, 57‑4 Organochlorine pesticide, 32‑13
Occupational manometer, 15‑3 Organophosphate, 32‑13
illness, 83‑2 traverse, 78‑14 Organotroph, 27‑6
injury, 83‑2 Opening, sieve, 35‑2 Orientation, angular, 5‑1
Safety and Health Administration, 83‑1 Operating Orifice, 17‑17
Occurrence, frequency of, 20‑5 and maintenance cost, 87‑33 coefficients (tbl), 17‑19
Ocean dumping, sludge, 30‑22 cost, 86‑9 double, air valve, 16‑15
Octagon, properties, A‑9 expense, 87‑33 large, 17‑20
Octane number, 24‑6 load, 74‑3 meter, 17‑32
Odd -loop recovery system, 34‑4 meter (fig), 17‑32
symmetry, 7‑4 point, extreme, 18‑19 plate, 17‑32
symmetry (tbl), 9‑8 point, pump, 18‑19 Orsat apparatus, 24‑13
Odor, 32‑12 rating level, bridge, 74‑3 Orthogonal, 7‑2
control, 29‑3 speed, 73‑4 vector, 5‑3
in water, 26‑15 supply, 87‑34 view, 2‑2
number, G‑11 Operation Orthographic
number, threshold, 26‑16 alternate mode, 73‑20 oblique view, 2‑3
sewage, 29‑3 complex number, 3‑9 view, 2‑2
Oedometer test, 35‑24, 40‑5 double-alternate mode, 73‑20 Orthophosphate, 25‑8
Offer, 88‑3 inverse trigonometric, 6‑5 Orthotropic, G‑12
Off-gas, 34‑21 steady-state, 11‑9 bridge deck, G‑12
Official benchmark, 78‑8 Operational form, log, 3‑6 material, G‑12
Offset, 73‑20, 75‑14 Operations, balancing, 70‑2 steel deck, 57‑5
chord, method, 79‑6 Operator’s cab, 83‑10 Orthotropic (ftn), 57‑5
chord (fig), 79‑6 Opportunity cost, 87‑19 OSHA, 35‑33, 83-1
horizontal sightline, 79‑11 Opposite side, angle, 6‑2 1910, general industry (tbl), 83‑1
parallel, 43‑4 Optical 1926, construction industry (tbl), 83‑2
stake, 81‑1, 81‑3 density, 32‑16 action level, 83‑8
stake, measurement, 81‑3 holography, 43‑14 Form 300 (ftn), 83‑2
station, 79‑5 plummet, 78‑9 injury incidence rate, 83‑2
tangent, 79‑5 Optimum noise limit, 83‑8
tangent, spiral, 79‑20 asphalt content, 76‑12 recordable incident, 83‑2
tangent (fig), 79‑6 density, 73‑7 scaffold regulation, 83‑9
Offshoring, 89‑4 moisture content, 35‑20 severity rate, 83‑2
Ogee, 19‑14 speed, 73‑7 Osmosis, 14‑11, G-12
spillway (ftn), 19‑14 water content, 35‑18 reverse, 26‑23
Osmotic Oxygen Paraffin series, 24‑1

pressure, 14‑11 deficit, 28‑7 Parallax
pressure apparatus, 14‑11 deficit, critical, 28‑12 absolute, 78‑20
Othmer correlation, 14‑13 demand, 30‑9 differential, 78‑20
Outcrop, G‑12 demand, biochemical, 27‑9, 28‑9, G-3 height measurement, 78‑20
Outfall, G‑12 demand, chemical, 28‑13 height measurement (fig), 78‑21
Outlet control, 19‑29 dissolved, 28‑7 Parallel
Outrigger, 83‑10 -enriched incineration, 34‑15 axis theorem, 42‑4, 42‑5, 70-2
Overall in water, dissolved, A‑97 circuit, electrical, 84‑4
coefficient of heat transfer, 30‑19 point (ftn), 85‑6 -flow mixer, 76‑6
efficiency, pump, 18‑10 sag (Streeter-Phelps), 28‑11 force system, 41‑6
stability constant, 22‑16 sag curve, dissolved, 28‑11 line, 7‑8
Overallocation, 86‑10 sag curve (fig), 28‑11 offset, 43‑4
Overautogenous waste (ftn), 34‑11 saturation coefficient, 30‑9 parking, 73‑23
Overburden, 36‑4 scavenging, 22‑25 perspective, 2‑3
correction, 36‑8 transfer, rate of, 30‑9 pipe, 17‑22
stress, 35‑14 Oxygenate, 24‑7 pump, 18‑19
Overchute, G‑12 common type (tbl), 24‑8 reliability, 11‑10
Overconsolidated Oxygenated spring, 45‑22
clay, 40‑4 fuel, 32‑5 system, 11‑10
clay (fig), 40‑4 gasoline, 24‑7 Parallelogram
curve, 40‑4 Oxygenation, 28‑11 formula, A‑9
segment, 40‑4 rate constant, 28‑10 method, 5‑3
soil, 35‑25, 40‑4 Ozonation, 26‑22, 34-18 Parameter
Overconsolidation ratio, 35‑25
INDEX-P
Ozone, 26‑22 catenary, 41‑20
Overcurrent protection device, 84‑9 atmospheric, 32‑5 impaction, 34‑19
Overdraft, 21‑6 depletion, 32‑5 location, 11‑8
Overdrive gear, 75‑4 pollutant, 32‑12 method, 86‑6
Overflow mixing opportunity, 26‑12
rate, 26‑6, 29-8 P scale, 11‑8
spillway, 19‑14 p sludge, 30‑4
Overhaul, 80‑8, G-12 -chart, 11‑17 speed, 73‑3
Overhead, 87‑37 -sequence, 3‑12 value, log-normal distribution, 11‑8
cost, 86‑7 -series, 3‑13 volume, traffic, 73‑5
general, 86‑7 -V work, 13‑4 Parameters
general plant, 87‑34 P consolidation (fig), 40‑6
project, 86‑7 -delta analysis, 47‑16 variation of, 10‑4
variance, 87‑38 -delta effect, 53‑2, 62‑1 Parametric
Overhung load, 18‑12 -system, 47‑4 equation, 3‑2
Overland P-waste, 32‑2 equation, derivative, 8‑3
flow, 20‑7, G-12 PAC, 29‑14 equation plane, 7‑7
flow (ftn), 20‑7 Pace, 73‑5 Parasite, aquatic, 27‑8
flow velocity, 20‑5 group, 73‑5 Parclos, 73‑25
roughness coefficient, Manning’s, 20‑4 interval, 73‑5 Parking, 73‑23
Overlay, thin, 77‑14 range, 73‑5 accessible (disabled), 73‑24
Overload Packed ADA accessible, 73‑24
driver, 75‑9 bed spray tower (fig), 34‑3 angle, 73‑23
factor, 45‑2 tower, 34‑3, 34‑21 diagonal, 73‑23
point, 18‑18 Packing double-alternate, 73‑23
Over-reinforced beam, 50‑6 height of, 34‑22 lot, 73‑23
Oversail (ftn), 83‑10 media, 34‑21 lot dimensions, 73‑24
Oversized hole, 65‑2 media, type (fig), 34‑21 lot layout (fig), 73‑24
Overturn, G‑12 Pad, 36‑10 parallel, 73‑23
Overturning Paddle stall, 73‑23
factor of safety, 15‑12 mixer, 26‑11 tandem, 73‑23
moment, dam, 15‑12 velocity, relative, 26‑11 Parkway, G‑12
moment, footing (fig), 36‑9 Paint, pipe, 16‑12 Parshall
Owner, 88‑4 Pan, G‑12 flume, 19‑15
Owners’ equity, 87‑35 coefficient, 20‑23 flume K-values (tbl), 19‑15
Ownership, 88‑1 evaporation, 20‑23 Part of line, 83‑10
Oxidant, 26‑9, 32-12 Panel, 41‑13 Partial
total residual, 29‑14 drop, 51‑5 cloverleaf interchange, 73‑25
Oxidation, 22‑8, 23‑4, G-12 shear, 46‑12 composite action, 64‑3
-reduction reaction, 22‑8 truss, 41‑13 differentiation, 8‑4
advanced, 34‑4 Panhandle formula, 17‑11 emission, forced vortex pump (ftn),
ditch, 30‑3 Pappus’ theorem, 9‑5 18‑14
industrial wastewater pollutant (tbl), Pappus-Guldinus theorems, 42‑3 fraction, 3‑6, 9‑3
34‑18 Parabola, 7‑10, 7-10 (fig) -penetration groove weld, 66‑2, 66‑9
number, 22‑3, 22‑4, G-12 formula, A‑8 pressure, 31‑6
number change method, 22‑8 Parabolic pressure fraction, 24‑2
pond, 29‑4 axis, 7‑10 pressure ratio, 24‑2
power, common oxidant (tbl), 34‑5 cable, 41‑18 prestressing, 56‑3
process, advanced, 26‑22 cable (fig), 41‑18 similarity, 17‑50
state, 22‑3 column formula, 45‑4 traverse (fig), 78‑17
tower, 29‑9 curve, 79‑5, 79‑12 treatment, G‑12
Oxide flare, 79‑5 Partially
nitrogen, 32‑10 taper, 79‑5 compensated foundation, 36‑10
sulfur, 32‑16 Paraboloid of revolutions, A‑10 filled circular pipes, A‑34, A‑84
Oxidizing agent, 22‑8 Paradox filled metal deck, 57‑4
Oxyacid, 22‑5 D’Alembert’s (ftn), 17‑3 grouted masonry, 68‑6
hydrostatic, 15‑4
incinerated compound, 34‑14 machine, 76‑7 Percentage

restrained connection, 65‑7 temperature, 76‑7 composition, 22‑6
Particle Pay of construction cost, fee, 88‑5
capture, 32‑8 as you throw, G‑12 yield, 22‑9
conditioning, 34‑9 -back period, 87‑40 Percentile, 11‑12
exposure time, 34‑9 -back period (ftn), 87‑40 rank, 11‑12
residence time, 34‑9 Payment balloon, 87‑44 speed, 73‑4
resistivity, 34‑9 PCB, 32‑13 Perception-reaction time, 79‑11
size distribution, 35‑2 PCC, 48‑1 Perceptual cue, 75‑10
size distribution chart, 35‑4 pavement, tie bar spacing (fig), 77‑8 Perched spring, G‑12
Particles, 71‑1 PD pump, 18‑2 Percolation, G‑12
Particular PDO accident, 75‑11 field, 29‑2
solution, 10‑4 Pea coal screening, 24‑5 Perfect
solution (tbl), 10‑4 Peak gases, A‑108
Particulate -discharge compartment, 32‑15 reaction, 22‑9
matter, 32‑12 demand multiplier, 84‑8 Perfecting a lien, 88‑6
phosphorus, 25‑8 discharge, NRCS method, 20‑21 Perforated cover plate, 61‑2
Partition coefficient, 27‑2, G-12 discharge, SCS method, 20‑21 Performance
Partner flame temperature, 32‑10 curve, pump, 18‑17
general, 88‑1 flow direction, 73‑5 function, 11‑10
limited, 88‑2 hour factor, 73‑6 function, safety, 75‑17
Partnering, 86‑1 hour warrant, signalization, 73‑19 graded asphalt, 76‑16
Partnership, 88‑1 pedestrian flow rate, 73‑22 grading, 76‑3
limited, 88‑2 runoff, 20‑12 number, 24‑6
limited liability, 88‑2 runoff, rational method, 20‑15 period, 76‑20
INDEX-P
Parts searching method, 75‑18 Perigee, 72‑22

integration by, 9‑2 time to, 20‑11 distance, 72‑22
per billion, 22‑12 Peaking Perihelion, 72‑22
per million, 22‑12 factor, 28‑2 Perimeter, wetted, 16‑6, G-17
per million (ftn), 22‑25 factor, Harmon’s, 28‑3 Period (see also type), 76‑20, 87‑2
Pascal’s factor, wastewater, 28‑2 aeration, 30‑9
law, 15‑4 Pearson’s all-red clearance, 73‑22
triangle, 3‑3 kurtosis, 11‑15 amber, 73‑22
Passenger skewness, 11‑14 chemical, 22‑2
car equivalent, 73‑8 Péclet number (tbl), 1‑10 cost-recovery (ftn), 87‑40
car equivalent, flow rate, 15 min, 73‑11 Pedestal (ftn), 52‑1 depreciation, 87‑21
car equivalent (tbl), 73‑8 Pedestrian, 73‑22 design, 76‑20
Passes number of, effective, 29‑11 capacity, 73‑23 detention, 26‑6
Passing sight distance, 75‑7, 79‑11, G-12 circulation area, 73‑19 effective, 87‑2
Passive crash factor, 75‑11 electrical, 84‑5
collection, gas, 31‑6 density, 73‑22 green, 73‑22
diffusion, 27‑2 impact, 75‑16 initial, 73‑21
earth pressure, 37‑2, 37‑5 impact modeling, 75‑16 law of, 72‑21
earth pressure coefficient, 37‑5 LOS, walkway, sidewalk (tbl), 73‑22 maximum, 73‑22
pressure, G‑12 space, 73‑23 number, 87‑9
Path, critical, 86‑9 speed, 73‑22 of waveform, 9‑7
Pathogen, 27‑4 unit flow rate, 73‑22 pay-back, 87‑40
Pathogenic, G‑12 volume warrant, signalization, 73‑19 pay-back (ftn), 87‑40
Pathway, G‑12 Pedology, G‑12 performance, 76‑20
Pattern, bond, 67‑3 PEL, 83‑8 rehabilitation, 76‑20
Pavement, 76‑4 Peltier effect (ftn), 85‑8 retention, 29‑8
asphalt, recycled, 76‑3 Pelton wheel, 18‑23 vehicle, 73‑22
asphalt concrete, 76‑2 Pendulum, 72‑3 Periodic
deep strength asphalt, 76‑2 ballistic, 72‑3 chart, A‑93
defect, 76‑4 ballistic (fig), 72‑3 inventory system, 87‑39
design methodology, 77‑7 Penetrating law, 22‑2
design, rigid, 77‑5 sealer, 77‑13 table, 22‑2, A-92, A-93
drainage, 77‑7 well, 80‑12 time, 72‑21
dual-layer, 77‑14 Penetration, 34‑9, 34‑19 waveform, 9‑7
flexible, 76‑11, 76‑30, G-7 grading, 76‑3 Peripheral
flexible, AASHTO nomograph (fig), resistance, 35‑16 visibility, relative (fig), 75‑10
76‑24 test, standard, 35‑16, 36‑7 vision, 75‑10
full-depth asphalt, 76‑2, 76‑26 test, thumb, 83‑3 Permanent
grade, 79‑18 treatment, G‑12 hardness, 22‑23, 25‑4, G-12
grooving, 77‑13 Penetrometer set, 43‑2, 43‑3, 48‑9
joint, 77‑12 pocket, test, 83‑3 Permeability, 21‑2, 21‑3
joint, concrete (fig), 77‑13 test, cone, 35‑17 coefficient of, 21‑2
minimum thickness, 76‑22, 76‑26 Penstock, 18‑26 exposure category P, concrete, 48‑10
PCC, tie bar spacing (fig), 77‑10 Pentagon, properties, A‑9 intrinsic, 21‑2
portland cement concrete, 77‑1 Per protection limit, 21‑5
problem, 76‑4 capita, daily demand, 26‑24 soil, 35‑23
recycled, 76‑29 diem fee, 88‑5 specific, 21‑2
recycled asphalt, 76‑6 Percent test, 35‑23
recycling, PCC, 77‑13 elongation, 43‑6 Permeameter, 35‑23
rigid, 77‑1, G-14 elongation at failure, 43‑6 Permeameter (fig), 35‑24
rigid, AASHTO nomograph (fig), 77‑9 mole, 14‑6 Permease, 27‑3
structural design, flexible, 76‑17 of free-flow speed, 73‑13 Permissible
structural number, 76‑22 pore space, 35‑8 exposure limit, 83‑5, 83‑8
Paving sodium content, 25‑12 noise dose (tbl), 83‑8
equipment, placement, 76‑7 time spent following, 73‑13
VMA, 76‑10
Permit Photosensor, 85‑5 class, 16‑12

load, 74‑3 Photosynthesis, 27‑2 clay, 28‑4
rating level, bridge, 74‑3 Phototroph, 27‑6 coating, 16‑12
Permittivity Photovoltaic (ftn), 85‑5 coefficient, 16‑9
of free space, 34‑9 Photovoltaic cell, 85‑5 concrete, 28‑3, A-47
relative, 34‑9 Phreatic zone, 21‑2, G-12 concrete sewer dimensions, A‑47
Permutation, 11‑2 Phreatophytes, G‑12 CPVC, dimensions, A‑43
circular, 5‑5 Physical culvert, simple (fig), 17‑21
ring, 11‑2 inventory, 87‑39 dimensions, ductile iron, A‑50
Perpendicular strain, 43‑6 ductile, dimensions, A‑49
axis theorem, 42‑6 stress, 43‑5 ductile iron, A‑49
line, 2‑1, 7‑8 Phytoplankton, G‑12 eductor, 21‑5
line principle, 2‑1 Pi-group, 1‑9 entrance, 17‑14
Perpetual Pick and carry, crane, 83‑12 exit, 17‑14
inventory system, 87‑39 Pickup, 85‑4 factor, 16‑9
series, 87‑7 Pickup (ftn), 85‑4 flexible, 40‑9
Persistence, 27‑11 Pictorial drawing (ftn), 2‑2 friction, 17‑15
pesticide, 32‑13 Pier, 38‑7, 44‑13, 45‑3 Hazen-Williams constants, A‑55
Person shaft, G‑12 impact factors, 40‑10
-rem, G‑12 tension (fig), 44‑13 jacking, 40‑11
competent, OSHA, 83‑4 Piercing the corporate veil, 88‑3 leg, 17‑22
instrument, 81‑4 PIEV time, 75‑7 lined concrete, 16‑11
qualified, OSHA, 83‑11 Piezoelectric loop, 17‑22
rod, 81‑4 effect, 15-2, 85‑5 material, 16‑10
transducer, 85‑5 maximum velocity in, 17‑3
INDEX-P
Personal
property (ftn), 87‑21 Piezometer, G‑13 network, 17‑26
protective equipment, 83‑7 nest, G‑13 parallel, 17‑22
Perspective ring (ftn), 15‑2 plastic, 28‑4
angular, 2‑3 tube, 15‑2 polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 16‑11, A‑43,
oblique, 2‑3 Piezometric A‑44
parallel, 2‑3 height, 21‑2 prestressed concrete, 16‑11
view, 2‑2, 2‑3 level, G‑13 prestressed concrete cylinder, 16‑11
Pesticide (see also Volatile organic com‑ Pilaster, 69‑2 PVC, dimensions, A‑43, A‑44
pound), 32‑13 Pile (see also type), 38‑1, 80‑2 reinforced concrete, 16‑11
chlorinated, 32‑13 batter, G‑3 riser, 21‑5
PFFS (percent of free-flow speed), 73‑13 bent, G‑13 sag, G‑14
PFR, 30‑7 bearing capacity, ultimate, 38‑2 section, 61‑1
pH, 22‑12, G-12 capacity, tensile, 38‑5 series, 17‑22
Phantom cash flow (ftn), 87‑4 composite, 38‑1 standard pressure classes, ductile iron,
Phase, 84‑11 conical (fig), 80‑6 A‑50
angle, 84‑5, 84‑7 friction, 38‑1 specific roughness, A‑55
current, 84‑12 group, 38‑5 specification, 16‑12
death, 27‑4 group efficiency, 38‑6 standard, 16‑12
declining growth, 27‑4 grouted, 38‑7 standard pressure classes, A‑49
equilibrium, 72‑6 length, effective, 38‑3 steel, 16‑12, A‑36, A‑40
exponential growth, 27‑4 needle, 38‑7 steel, modulus of elasticity, 17‑41
factor, 84‑8 pin, 38‑7 steel, dimensions, A‑36, A‑40
growth, organismal, 27‑3 point-bearing, 38‑1 stiffness, 16‑12
lag, 27‑3 resistance, 38‑2 system, multiloop, 17‑26
logarithmic growth, 27‑4 root, 38‑7 truss, 16‑11, 28-4
motion impending, 72‑6 safe bearing value, 38‑2 ultimate strength, 40‑10
signal, 73‑15, 73‑16 safe load, 38‑2 water (see also type), 26‑26
stationary, 27‑4 settlement, 38‑6 Pipelines, submerged, 15‑17
Phases, project scheduling, 86‑8 shape (fig), 80‑6 Piping
Phasor small-diameter grouted, 38‑7 geometry factor, 17‑15
form, 3‑8, 84-5 soldier, 39‑2, G-15 predicting limit, 21‑5
form, vector, 5‑2 tension, 38‑5 symbols, A‑51
Phenol (tbl), 23‑3 volume, 80‑2 Piston rotary pump (fig), 18‑3
Phenolphthalein alkalinity, 22‑23 wedge (fig), 80‑6 Pit
Philadelphia rod, 78‑10 Piling ash, 24‑3
Phosphorus sheet, 39‑4 borrow, 80‑4
ion, in water, 25‑8 sheet, section modulus, 39‑4 sheeted, G‑15
removal, in wastewater, 29‑3, 29‑13 Pilot vehicle, 74‑3 Pitch, 18‑5, 72--2
Photoautotroph, 27‑8 Pin circular blade, 18‑5
Photobase, 78‑20 -connected axial member, 41‑13 helix, 7‑13
Photocell, 85‑5 -connected plate, 60‑6 spacing, 60‑2
Photochemical pile, 38‑7 Pitot
reaction, 32‑12 Pinned support, 41‑7 -static gauge, 17‑30
smog, 32‑15 Pintle tie, 68‑18 -static gauge (fig), 17‑30
Photoconductive device (ftn), 85‑5 Pipe tube, 16‑5
Photoelectric effect, 85‑5 asbestos-cement, 28‑4 tube traverse, G‑13
Photoemissive device (ftn), 85‑5 bend, force on, 17‑39 tube-piezometer apparatus (fig), 16‑5
Photogenerative (ftn), 85‑5 bend (fig), 17‑39 Pitting, 22‑21
Photogrammetric black, 16‑11 Pivot point, bulkhead, 39‑5
image (fig), 78‑19 branch, 17‑22 PJP weld, 66‑2, 66‑9
survey, 78‑6 buried, loads on, 40‑9 Placement, paving equipment, 76‑7
Photogrammetry, 78‑19 cast-iron, 28‑4, A-49 Placing, concrete, 49‑5
displacement method, 78‑20 cast-iron dimensions, A‑49 Plain
nomenclature (fig), 78‑19 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), jointed concrete pavement, 77‑2
parallax measurement, 78‑20 A‑43 masonry, 68‑1
Photosensitive conductor, 85‑5 circular, A‑34
sedimentation, 26‑5 jet force on, 17‑36 of rotation, bulkhead, 39‑5

sedimentation basin, 29‑7 lamella, 26‑6 of sale system, 87‑39
Plaintiff, 88‑7 orifice, 17‑32 of tangency, 79‑4
Plan view, 2‑2 pin-connected, 60‑6 operating, 18‑19
Planar view, 2‑2 width tolerance, 58‑3 oxygen (ftn), 85‑6
Plane, 7‑6 Platform, slewing, 83‑10 plumb, 78‑19
angle, 6‑1 Platinum resistance thermometer, 85‑6 pour, 24‑7
beam bending (fig), 59‑2 Platoon, 73‑23 pressure at (fig), 40‑2
complex, 3‑8 length, 73‑21 principal, 78‑20
motion, 71‑13 ratio, 73‑17 principal, photograph, 78‑19
neutral, 44‑12 Platykurtic distribution, 11‑14 saddle, 7‑2
of bending, 59‑2 Plow steel (ftn), 45‑22 set, 22‑24
of motion, 72‑2 Plug silver (ftn), 85‑6
survey, 78‑5 -flow reaction, 30‑7 singular, 8‑1
surveying, 78‑1 cock valve, 16‑13 source, G‑13
table survey, 78‑5 flow, 30‑7 stagnation, 16‑5
tangent, 8‑5 flow mixing model, 26‑11 steam (ftn), 85‑6
Planetary motion (fig), 72‑22 valve, 16‑13 sulfur (ftn), 85‑6
Planimeter, 2‑4, G-13 valve, eccentric, 16‑13 tangent, 7‑2
Planing, cold, 76‑29 weld, 66‑2 terminal, 5‑1
Plant Plugging, 29‑14, 34‑20 turning, 79‑13
asphalt, 76‑6 Plumb vertical, 78‑19
hydroelectric generating, 18‑26 bob, 78‑9 yield, 43‑3, 58‑2
material recovery, 31‑10 point, 78‑19 Poise, 14‑8
mix, 76‑6, G-13 Plummet, optical, 78‑9 Poisoning, 34‑20
INDEX-P
mix, hot, 76‑11 Plunger pump, 18‑3 Poisson

resource-recovery, 31‑10 Plus arrivals per cycle (tbl), 73‑19
waste-to-energy, 31‑10 declination, 78‑12 distribution, 11‑6
waste-to-energy (fig), 31‑11 sight, 78‑10 Poisson’s
waste-to-steam, 31‑10 station, 78‑9 ratio, 43‑5, 58‑2
Plasma PMBOK Guide, 86‑1 ratio, approximate value (tbl), 43‑5
incineration, 34‑15 PMF, 20‑7 ratio, concrete, 48‑7
incinerator, 34‑15 PMP, 20‑7 Polar
Plastic, 32‑13 Pneumatic roller, 76‑9 amine, 22‑25
analysis, 47‑2, 47‑17 Pocket penetrometer test, 83‑3 coordinate system (fig), 7‑3
behavior (ftn), 44‑2 pOH, 22‑12, G-13 coordinate system (tbl), 7‑3
biodegradable, 32‑14 Point form, 3‑8, 7‑5
centroid, 52‑6 -bearing pile, 38‑1 form, vector, 5‑2
compostable, 32‑14 -slope form, 7‑5 moment of inertia, 42‑6
degradable, 32‑14 -to-area rain conversion factors, 20‑18 Pole, 75‑14
design, 59‑8, 59‑11 access, 73‑3 breakaway, 75‑14
design method, 45‑2 balance, 80‑7 weakened, base, 75‑14
hinge, 44‑20, 47‑2, 47‑17 balance (fig), 80‑7 Poling, 39‑1
impact, 72‑18 balanced draft, 34‑11 Polishing
instability, pavement, 76‑5 break-even, 87‑39 characteristic, pavement, 76‑4
limit, 35‑22 bulk modulus, 14‑15 condensate, 22‑26
material, 14‑7 capacity, 38‑2 filter, 29‑13
moment, 59‑13, 59‑14 cloud, 24‑7 pavement, 76‑5
moment (tbl), 59‑12 contraflexure, 8‑2, 44-18 pond, 29‑4
neutral axis, 64‑3 critical, 8‑2, 28-11 Pollutant, 32‑2, G-13
pipe, 16‑11, 28-4 cut-over (ftn), 87‑24 air, 32‑2
region, 48‑9 dew, 24‑15 criteria, 32‑2
section modulus, 59‑12 extrema, 8‑2 hazardous air, 32‑2
section modulus, plate girder, 63‑3 extreme, 8‑2 Pollution
strain, 43‑3 fixed, motion about, 72‑2 control, 32‑1
test, 43‑11 flash (ftn), 24‑6 generator, 32‑3
type, 32‑14 force, 41‑2 industrial wastewater (tbl), 34‑23
waste, 32‑13 gold (ftn), 85‑6 prevention, 32‑1
water pipe, 26‑26 grade, 80‑2, 81‑3 source, 32‑3
Plasticity, 35‑4 grade (fig), 81‑5 Polychlorinated biphenyl, 32‑13
index, 35‑22 ice, 85‑6 Polyelectrolyte, 26‑9
test, 35‑4 ice (ftn), 85‑6 Polygon
Plat, G‑13 inflection, 8‑2, 44-18 formula, A‑9
Plate load surcharge, 37‑9 frequency, 11‑11
anchor bolting, small column base locus, 7‑2 mensuration, A‑8
(fig), 61‑12 maxima, 8‑2 method, 5‑3
beam bearing, 59‑18 maximum, 8‑2 Polyhedra, properties, A‑10
beam bearing, nomenclature (fig), minima, 8‑2 Polymer, 26‑9, 32-13
59‑19 minimum, 8‑2 asphalt, 76‑6
bearing value test, 35‑32 null, 34‑11 asphalt modifier, 76‑6
bracket, 65‑6 of application, 5‑1 concrete, 48‑8, 77-14
column base, 61‑10 of beginning of curve, 79‑4 -modified asphalt, 76‑6
column base (fig), 61‑11 of common curvature, 79‑7 organic, 26‑9
connection, 60‑6 of continuing curve, 79‑7 -portland cement concrete, 48‑8
flat, 45‑21, 51‑5 of contraflexure, 7‑2 synthetic, 26‑9
flat, uniform pressure (tbl), 45‑21 of counterflexure, bulkhead, 39‑5 water treatment, 26‑8
girder, 59‑2, 63‑1, 63‑2, 63‑3, 63‑5 of curvature, 79‑4 Polymictic, G‑13
girder, concentrated force, 63‑5 of end of curve, 79‑4 Polynomial, 3‑2
girder, flange, 63‑2 of inflection, 7‑2 characteristic, 4‑8
girder, web, 63‑2 of inflection, flexible bulkhead, 39‑5 degree, 3‑2
girder (fig), 63‑1 of rotation, 79‑9 factoring, 3‑4
form, standard, 3‑2 Potential Predictive analysis, safety, 75‑2

graphing, 3‑4 energy, 1‑3, 13‑3, 16-2 Prefix, SI, 1‑7
inspection, 3‑4 stream, 17‑4 Preliminary treatment, 26‑3, 29-3
Lagrangian interpolating, 12‑3 Potentiometer, 84‑2, 85‑3 Preload
Newton’s interpolating, 12‑3 circuit (ftn), 85‑3 bolt, 45‑13, 65‑3
special case, 3‑4 transducer, 85‑3 force, 45‑13
Polyphase motor, A‑190 Potentiometer (ftn), 85‑3 Preloaded soil, 35‑25
Polyphosphate, 25‑8 Potentiometric sensor, 85‑4 Premature exhaustion, 29‑14
Polyprotic acid, 22‑18 Pothole, 76‑5 Prerequisite of privity (ftn), 88‑7
Polysaccharide (tbl), 23‑2 Pound, 1‑1 Presedimentation, 26‑3
Polystyrene resin, 22‑23 force, A‑4 Present
Polytropic mole, 22‑5 value, net (ftn), 87‑6
compression, 15‑14 Poundal, 1‑4 value (ftn), 87‑6
exponent, 15‑14 Pour point, 24‑7 worth, 87‑6, 87‑11
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, 16‑11, Powdered activated carbon, 29‑14 worth method, 87‑15
A‑43, A‑44 Power, 3‑5, 13‑6 Press
Pond aeration, 29‑4, 30‑10 belt filter, 30‑19
aerobic, 29‑4 angle, 84‑8 fit, 45‑7
anaerobic, 29‑4 conversion, SI, A‑5 fit, stress concentration factor (tbl),
facultative, 29‑4 conversion factor, A‑1 45‑9
maturation, 29‑4 conversion formulas (tbl), 13‑7 hydraulic, 15‑15
oxidation, 29‑4 conversions, 13‑7 Pressure, 14‑2
polishing, 29‑4 curve, 43‑6 absolute, 14‑3
stabilization, 29‑4 density, ESP, 34‑10 active, G‑1
tertiary, 29‑4 design (ftn), 72‑8 apparatus, osmotic, 14‑11
INDEX-P
Pop action, 16‑15 electrical, 84‑3, 84‑6, 84‑7 at a depth, 1‑3
Population, 11‑3 factor, 18‑11, 84‑8, 84‑10 at a depth (ftn), 15‑7
equivalent, 28‑3 friction, 18‑9 at point (fig), 40‑2
growth, 3‑12 hydraulic, 18‑8 atmospheric, 14‑3
standard deviation, 11‑13 law, 1/7, 16‑9 average, 15‑7
Pore -law model, 17‑13 barometric, 14‑3
-squeeze liquid, 31‑7 law, viscosity, 17‑13 center of, 15‑5, 15‑9, 15‑10, 41-5
pressure, 35‑14, 37‑10, 38‑4, 40‑5 line hazard, 83‑7 classes, ductile iron pipe, A‑50
space, percent, 35‑8 line, safety, 83‑7 classes, iron pipe, A‑49
velocity, 21‑4 number, 26‑12 collapsing (ftn), 45‑5
water pressure, 35‑14 of the test, 11‑15 conduit, 16‑6
Porosity, 21‑2, 35-7, G-13 phase, 84‑12 conversion, SI, A‑5
effective, 21‑2 propulsion, 75‑3 dead load, 40‑9
Porous filter, 21‑5 pump, 18‑2, 18‑8 differential, 14‑3
Portland pumping, well, 21‑8 drag, 17‑43, 17‑44
cement, 48‑1 series, 8‑9 -drop, endpoint, 22‑24
cement concrete, 48‑1 ton of explosive, 1‑7 drop, friction (ftn), 17‑5
cement concrete pavement, 77‑1 turbine, 17‑38, 18‑24 drop, steel pipe, A‑62
cement, high-early strength, 48‑2 unit stream, G‑17 drop, water, steel pipe, A‑62
cement, low-heat, 48‑2 water, 18‑8 earth, 37‑2
cement, modified, 48‑2 Powerhouse, 18‑26 earth, active, 37‑2, 37‑3
cement, normal, 48‑1 Pozzolanic earth, passive, 37‑2
cement, sulfate-resistant, 48‑2 activity, 77‑13 effective, 37‑10, 40‑5
cement, type, 48‑1 additive, 48‑2 energy, 16‑2
cement, type I, 48‑1 ppb, 22‑12 external, 15‑14
cement, type II, 48‑2 PPCC, 48‑8 filter, 26‑15
cement, type III, 48‑2 ppm, 22‑12 filtration, 30‑19
cement, type IV, 48‑2 Practical scaling index, 26‑20 flow, 16‑6
cement, type V, 48‑2 Prandtl number (tbl), 1‑10 fluid, 14‑2
Position Prandtl’s boundary layer theory, 17‑47 from applied load, 40‑2
absolute, 71‑10 Precast concrete deck slab, girder, 51‑9 from concrete, 49‑8
angular, 71‑7 Precedence table, 86‑10 from gas, 15‑13
dilution of, 78‑6 Prechlorination, 26‑3, G-13 gage, 14‑3, 15‑2
relative, 71‑10 Precipitation, 20‑2, 22‑11 gauge, Bourdon, 15‑2
surveying, 78‑7 average, 20‑2 head, 18‑6
vector, 41‑3 chemical, G‑4 hydrostatic, 15‑4, 37-10
Positioning phosphorus, 29‑13 lateral, concrete, 49‑8
differential, 78‑6 probable maximum, 20‑7 mean effective, 85‑15
relative, 78‑6 rate, 34‑9 measurement, 15‑2
Positive softening, 22‑23, 26‑16, 26‑18 -measuring devices, 15‑2
displacement pump, 18‑2 Precipitator, electrostatic, 34‑8 meter (ftn), 14‑3
displacement pump, reciprocating, 18‑2 Precise multiple liquid, 15‑13
element, 85‑7 estimate, 85‑2 neutral, 21‑9
guidance, 75‑11 level, 78‑10 on a dam, 15‑12
guidance technique, 75‑10 rod, 78‑10 on buried pipe, 40‑9
temperature coefficient, 85‑5 Precision, 85‑2 on curved surface, 15‑10
Post experiment, 11‑12 on plane surface, 15‑6, 15‑7, 15‑9
-chlorination, G‑13 ratio of, probable, 78‑2 osmotic, 14‑11
-tensioned concrete, 56‑2 Preconsolidated partial, 31‑6
-tensioned construction, 56‑2 curve, 40‑4 passive, G‑12
end, 41‑13 segment, 40‑4 pipe, buried, 40‑9
Posted load, 74‑3 Preconsolidation pressure, 35‑25 pore, 35‑14, 37‑10, 38‑4, 40‑5
Posting, load, 74‑2 Precursor, 25‑10 preconsolidation, 35‑25
Potable, G‑13 disinfection by-product, 25‑11 pump surge, 49‑8
smog, 32‑15 regulator, 26‑27
Predicted average crash frequency, 75‑18 relief device, 16‑15
-relief valve, 17‑41 Principle Producer

safe bearing, 36‑2 Archimedes’, 15‑15 gas (ftn), 24‑8
saturation, 14‑10 D’Alembert, 72‑6 risk, 11‑15
soil, at-rest, 37‑5 impulse-momentum, 17‑35, 72-16 Product, 22‑7
soil, backward, 37‑2 Le Châtelier’s, 22‑13 cross, 41‑3
soil, compressed, 37‑2 of proportionality, 47‑2 dot, 5‑3
soil, depth, 40‑2 perpendicular line, 2‑1 incomplete combustion, 34‑14
soil, forward, 37‑2 virtual work, 47‑3 ion, 22‑16
soil, tensioned, 37‑2 work-energy, 13‑3, 13‑4, 45-22 mixed triple, 5‑5
standard temperature and, 24‑2 Priority, ethical, 89‑2 of inertia, 42‑7, 70-2
surface, 15‑6, 15‑7, 15‑9, 15‑10 Prism, 80‑4 scalar, 5‑5
total, 16‑3, 37-10 level, 78‑10 solubility, 22‑18
transverse, 17‑30 test method, 67‑4 triple cross, 5‑5
unit (fig), 14‑2 Prismoid, 80‑4 triple, scalar, 5‑5
uplift, 21‑9 Prismoidal formula, 80‑4 triple, vector, 5‑5
vapor, 14‑10 Privity vector, cross, 5‑4
water service, 26‑26 of contract, 88‑7 vector, cross (fig), 5‑4
Pressurized of contract, of flood, 20‑6 vector, dot, 5‑3
fluidized-bed combustion, 24‑6 of contract, probability, 11‑3 vector, dot (fig), 5‑3
liquid, 15‑14 Probabilistic problem, 87‑31 waste decomposition, 27‑10
tank, 17‑19 Probability Professional
Prestress complementary, 11‑4 corporation, 88‑2
loss, 56‑3 density function, 11‑4 engineer, 90‑1
maximum, 56‑7 of failure, conditional, 11‑9 engineering exam, 90‑1
of flood, 20‑7 limited liability company, 88‑3
INDEX-P
tendon, 56‑3
Prestressed success, 11‑3 services, cost, 86‑5
beam, analysis, 56‑11 theory, 11‑3 Profile
beam deflection, 56‑5 Probable auxiliary view, 2‑2
concrete, 56‑2 error, 78‑2 depth, 19‑23
concrete cylinder pipe, 16‑11 error of the mean, 78‑2 diagram, 80‑7
concrete pavement, 77‑2 maximum flood, 20‑7 drag, 17‑43
concrete pipe, 16‑11 maximum precipitation, 20‑7 velocity, 16‑9
section, shear, 56‑11 maximum rainfall, G‑13 Profiling, 76‑29
Prestressing ratio of precision, 78‑2 Profit, 87‑39
effect on simple beam (fig), 56‑2 value, 78‑2 and loss statement, 87‑35
fully, 56‑3 Probe and loss statement, simplified (fig),
midspan deflections from (fig), 56‑5 direction-sensing, 17‑29 87‑36
partial, 56‑3 static pressure, 17‑28 flow through, 88‑2
steel ratio, 56‑10 Problem gross, 87‑39
tendon, ASTM (tbl), 56‑6 initial value, 10‑1 margin, 87‑37
tendon, stress, 56‑7 loan repayment, 87‑4 margin ratio, 87‑37
Presumptive test, G‑13 mixing, 10‑9 net, 87‑39
Pretension rate of return, 87‑4 project, 86‑7
bolt, 65‑4 three-reservoir, 17‑24 Program evaluation and review technique,
loss, creep, 56‑4 Procedure 86‑14
loss, shrinkage, 56‑3 diagnosis, transportation network, Programming, 86‑8
Pretensioned 75‑19 Progressive method, landfill, 31‑2
concrete, 56‑1, 56‑2 Johnson, 45‑4 Project
connection, 65‑2 Marshall mix test, 76‑12 coordination, 86‑15
construction, 56‑2 Process documentation, 86‑16
Pretensioning, DTI washer, 58‑4 absorption, 34‑2 management, 86‑1
Pretreatment, 26‑3 anabolic, 27‑9 monitoring, 86‑15
Prevention, pollution, 32‑1 base exchange, 22‑23 overhead, 86‑7
Prewash, air, 26‑14 bioactivation, G‑3 scheduling, 86‑8
Price-earnings ratio, 87‑37 biofilm, 26‑15 transportation, 75‑16
Pricing, congestion, 73‑29 biosorption, G‑3 Projected bearing area, 60‑6
Primacy, 75‑11 catabolic, 27‑9 Projectile, 71‑4
Primary control, statistical, 11‑17 motion, 71‑4
combustion chamber, 34‑13 cost accounting, 87‑37 motion equations (tbl), 71‑5
consolidation, 40‑4, 40‑5 curing, 49‑6 Projection, 2‑3
consolidation rate, 40‑5 economic analysis, 75‑20 cabinet, 2‑3
creep, 43‑17 efficiency, BOD, 30‑6 cavalier, 2‑3
dimension, 1‑8 group, 86‑1 clinographic, 2‑3
structure, 47‑7 ion exchange, 22‑23, 26‑18 factor, growth, 76‑18
treatment, 29‑3 Krause, G‑10 fee, 86‑2
unit, 1‑8 lime-soda ash, 26‑16 method, 87‑10
Prime nitrification/denitrification, 29‑13 Projector, 2‑1
coat, G‑13 reacted asphalt, 76‑30 Prokaryote, 27‑1
contractor, 88‑5 rubberized asphalt, 76‑30 Prompt-NOx, 32‑10
cost, 86‑9, 87‑34 SAW, 66‑2 Prony brake, 85‑14
mover (ftn), 18‑10 SMAW, 66‑1 Proof
Primer, red, 16‑12 unit, G‑17 alcohol, 24‑8
Principal waste, 32‑2 load, bolt, 45‑10, 45‑14
axis, 42‑8, 59‑15, 70-2 zeolite, 22‑23, 26‑18 strength, 45‑10, 45‑14
contract, 88‑3 Processing stress (ftn), 43‑4
moment of inertia, 42‑8 attention and information, 75‑9 test, 11‑9
organic hazardous constituent, 34‑13 joint, 28‑2 test interval, 11‑9
point, 78‑20 Prochloraz, 32‑13 Proper
point, photograph, 78‑19 Proctor test, 35‑18, 35‑19 polynomial fraction (ftn), 3‑6
stress, 44‑5 subset, 11‑1
view, 2‑2
Properties dealing with, 89‑3 Pumps

air, A‑22 land system, 78‑21 in parallel, 18‑19
atmospheric pressure, air, A‑22, A‑24 Publicly owned treatment works, 34‑23 in series, 18‑20
carbon dioxide, 31‑6 Puckorius scaling index, 26‑20 Punched hole, 60‑3
carbon dioxide (tbl), 31‑6 Puffing, 34‑11 Punching shear, 55‑3
concrete components, 49‑1 Pull Punitive damages, 88‑6, 88‑8
gas, A‑107 anchor, 39‑5 Purchase order, 88‑3
masonry, 67‑4 drawbar, 75‑5 Pure translation, 72‑2
masonry cross sections, A‑169, A‑171 line, 83‑10 Purification
methane, 31‑6 -out capacity, 38‑5 dilution, 28‑11
methane (tbl), 31‑6 Pulley, 41‑11 self-, 28‑11
mortar, 67‑5 advantage, 41‑12 Purity, 26‑9
structural steel, high temperature, block, mechanical advantage, 41‑12 Purlin, 59‑2
A‑167 efficiency, 41‑12 Purple bar, 48‑11
water treatment chemicals, A‑115 fixed, 41‑12 Putrefaction, G‑13
Property free, 41‑12 PVC
business (ftn), 87‑21 loss factor, 41‑12 pipe, 16‑11, 28-4, A-43, A-44
class, bolt, 45‑10 Pulsation pipe dimensions, A‑43, A‑44
coal (tbl), 24‑5 damper, 18‑3 Pycnometer, 76‑9, G-13
concrete components (tbl), 49‑3 stabilizer, 18‑3 Pyramid
elements, A‑92 Pump (see also type), 17‑16, 18‑2 method, 76‑15
fuel (tbl), 24‑6 centrifugal, 18‑2 rectangular (fig), 80‑6
fuel oil, 24‑6 centrifugal (fig), 18‑4 Pyritic sulfur, 24‑4
intangible (ftn), 87‑21 characteristic, 18‑2, 18‑13 Pyrolysis, 32‑14
INDEX-R
metallic, 22‑2 characteristic curve (ftn), 18‑18 Pythagorean theorem, 6‑2
metals, A‑129 curve, 18‑17
personal (ftn), 87‑21 cylinder-operated, 18‑2 Q
real (ftn), 87‑21 diaphragm, 18‑4 q
residential (ftn), 87‑21 direct-acting, 18‑3 -curve, G‑13
solution, 22‑11 double-acting, 18‑2 -system, 35‑33
steel, 58‑2 double-suction, 18‑5 Q
structural aluminum, A‑128 duplex, 18‑3 -system, 47‑4
structural magnesium, A‑128 dynamically similar, 18‑21 -test, 35‑28
structural steel, A‑128 efficiency, 18‑9 Quad (unit), 13‑2
tangible personal (ftn), 87‑21 efficiency versus specific speed (fig), Quadrant, 6‑3
water, A‑18, A‑19 18‑10 sign of function, 6‑3
weld groups, A‑139 ejector, 18‑2 Quadratic
Propiconazole, 32‑13 head added, 17‑16 equation, 3‑4, 7‑9
Proportional homologous, 18‑14 velocity-dependent force, 72‑20
region, 43‑2 jet, 18‑2 Qualified
strain, 43‑2 kinetic, 18‑2 individual, ADA, 82‑9
weir, 19‑15 mixed-flow (ftn), 18‑4 person, OSHA, 83‑11
Proportionality multiple-stage, 18‑5 Quality
limit, 43‑2 nonclog, 18‑5 break-even (fig), 87‑39
principle of, 47‑2 operating in parallel (fig), 18‑19 factor, joint, 16‑11
Proportions operating in series (fig), 18‑20 of boiler feedwater, 22‑25
arbitrary, method, 49‑2 overall efficiency, 18‑10 Quantitative predictive analysis, 75‑2
law of definite, 22‑3 PD, 18‑2 Quantity
law of multiple, 22‑4 performance curve (fig), 18‑17 economic order, 87‑45
Propped cantilever beam, 46‑2 piston rotary (fig), 18‑3 ideal, 24‑10
Proprietorship plunger, 18‑3 sludge, wastewater, 30‑14
single, 88‑1 positive displacement, 18‑2 sludge, water treatment, 26‑13
sole, 88‑1 power, 18‑8 stoichiometric, 24‑10
Propulsion power, sludge, 18‑5 wastewater, 28‑1, 28‑2
jet, 17‑36 power factor, sludge, 18‑5 Quarter
power, 75‑3 power versus specific gravity, 18‑5 -bridge, 85‑12
Protection reciprocating action, 18‑2 -wave symmetry (tbl), 9‑8
cathodic, 48‑11 reciprocating positive displacement, Quartile, 11‑12
fall, 83‑7, 83‑9 18‑2 Quartz, 35‑33
head, 83‑7 rotary action, 18‑2 -crystal transducer, 15‑2
hearing, 83‑8 sewage, 18‑5 Quenched and tempered alloy steel, 58‑2
impact, 83‑7 shaft loading, 18‑12 Queue, 73‑29
scour, 19‑14 similarity, 18‑21 Queuing
Protein, 28‑15 simplex, 18‑3 delay, 73‑15
Protista, 27‑4 single-acting, 18‑2 model, 73‑29
Protium, G‑13 single-suction, 18‑5 theory, 73‑29
Prototype, 17‑48 sludge, 18‑5 Quick
Protozoa, 27‑8, G-13 steam, 18‑3 mixer, 26‑11
flagellated, 27‑8 surge pressure, 49‑8 ratio, 87‑37
Proximate analysis, 24‑2 triplex, 18‑3 test, 35‑28
PRT time, 75‑7 velocity ratio, 18‑3 Quicklime, 26‑9
Prying action, 65‑7, 66‑8 wastewater, 18‑5, 29-4 Quicksand, 36‑2
Pseudocomponent, 14‑17 Pumped storage, 26‑26 Quiet sedimentation basin, 26‑7
Pseudocomponent (ftn), 14‑17 Pumping Quotient, respiratory, 27‑12
Pseudokinematic GPS surveying, 78‑7 hydrocarbon, 18‑22
Pseudoplastic fluid, 14‑7 membrane, 27‑3 R
psid (unit), 14‑3 other liquid, 18‑22 R-test, 35‑28
Psychrophile (tbl), 27‑6 pavement, 76‑5 R
PTSF (see Percent time following), 73‑13 power, well, 21‑8 -control chart, 11‑17
Public power multiplicative factor (tbl), 18‑6 -value, 35‑32
corporation, 88‑2 -value, soil, 76‑21
Race, tail, 18‑26, G-16 Rankine earth pressure theory, 37‑2, 37‑5 superelevation, 72‑9, 79‑7
Rack, 29‑5 Ranking superelevation runoff, 79‑9
trash, 29‑5 alternative, 87‑17 surface loading, 29‑8
Rad, G‑13 simple, 75‑18 total incidence, 83‑2
Rad (ftn), 6‑1 Raoult’s law, 14‑17 transition, 79‑9
Radial Rap rip, G‑14 weir loading, 29‑8
component, 71‑10 Rapid Rated
displacement method (fig), 78‑20 cure, asphalt, 76‑2 point, pump, 18‑18
-flow impeller, 18‑4, 26‑12 flow, 19‑17, G-13 value, motor, 84‑14
-flow reaction turbine, 18‑25 mixer, 26‑11 Rating
-flow turbine, 18‑24, 18‑25 sand filter, 26‑14, 29-13 curve, G‑13
interference, 45‑7 static mode, 78‑7 factor, bridge, 74‑2
strain, 45‑7 Rapper, 34‑8 level, operating, bridge, 74‑3
stress, 35‑27 Rare earth, 22‑3 level, permit, bridge, 74‑3
velocity, 71‑10 Raster image, 78‑7 level, superload, bridge, 74‑3
Radian, 6‑1 Rate load, bridge, 74‑2
hyperbolic, 6‑5 15 min passenger car equivalent flow, load and resistance factor, method,
Radiation 73-11 bridge, 74‑4
absorbed dose (ftn), 6‑1 accident, 75‑11, 83-2 load factor, bridge, 74‑4
loss, 24‑17 arithmetic growth, 3‑12 SK, 29‑9
ultraviolet, 26‑22 average annual growth, 3‑12 system rock mass, 35‑33
Radical, 22‑3, G-13 braking, 75‑7 tonnage, railroad, 75‑5
Radioactive decay, 10‑10 burning, 31‑10 waviness spacing, 2‑4
Radiographic inspection, 82‑4 constant, BOD removal, 29‑5 waviness width, 2‑4
INDEX-R
Radiography, 43‑13 constant, deoxygenation, 28‑8 Ratio

Radius constant, mixing, 26‑11 air/fuel, 24‑10
hydraulic, 16‑6, 19‑3, G-9 constant, reoxygenation, 28‑8 air-to-cloth, 34‑5
loaded tire, 75‑4 constant growth, 3‑12 aspect, 17‑42
of gyration, 42‑6, 45‑3, 59‑4, 61‑3, 70-2, crash, 75‑17 available compressive stress versus
A-127 crash (ftn), 75‑17 slenderness (fig), 61‑5
of gyration, least, 42‑7, 61‑3 creep, 43‑17 benefit-cost, 87‑16
of influence, 21‑6, 31-6 DART, 83‑2 beta, 17‑31
turning, 73‑3 days away, 83‑2 bifurcation, G‑3
Radon, 32‑14 decay, Velz, 29‑12 California bearing, 35‑30, 76-21
Raft, 36‑10 exponential growth, 87‑4 cement-water, 49‑2
on clay, 36‑10 flow, 26‑14, 73-7, 73-9 centrifugal, unbalanced, 79‑8
on sand, 36‑11 growth, 3‑12 circular channel, A‑84
Railing safety, 75‑14 growth, maximum specific, 30‑7 circular channel (tbl), 19‑6
Railroad heat release, 31‑10 common, 3‑12
rolling stock, 75‑5 injury incidence, 83‑2 compression, 40‑4
superelevation, 79‑10 lapse, G‑10 cornering, 79‑8
Railway learning curve, 87‑44 corona current, 34‑10
curve, 79‑3 linear growth, 3‑12 corona power, 34‑10
geometric design, 79‑23 loading, 26‑14 critical v/c, 73‑16
vertical curve, 79‑23 lost time case, 83‑2 current, 87‑36
Rain lost workday, 83‑2 depth-thickness, 63‑2
acid, 32‑4 nominal interest, 87‑29 differential gear, 75‑4
areal, 20‑18 of change, 8‑1 dust-to-binder, 76‑16
gross, 20‑18 of consolidation, 40‑6 effective green, 73‑16
net, 20‑18, G-11 of flow, 73‑5, 73‑7 endurance, 43‑10
net (ftn), 20‑7 of flow, pedestrian, 73‑22 energy-efficiency (ftn), 13‑7
Rainfall of grade change per station, 79‑12 fatigue, 43‑10
gross, 20‑18 of increase, lateral acceleration, 79‑20 filter, 34‑5
intensity, 20‑5 of oxygen transfer, 30‑9 flow, 73‑16
mass curve, 20‑2 of reaction, 22‑14 food-to-microorganism, 30‑4
probable maximum, G‑13 of return, 87‑4, 87‑12, 87‑14, 87‑18 friction, 35‑17
total, 20‑18 of return, external, 87‑13 gross air-to-cloth, 34‑5
Rainwater of return, internal, 87‑13 lane occupancy, G‑10
runoff, 32‑15 of return, minimum attractive, 87‑16 lateral, 79‑8
runoff, highway, 32‑15 of return, multiplicity (tbl), 87‑13 length, 17‑48
Ram, hydraulic, 15‑15 of return method, 87‑17 liquid-gas, venturi scrubber, 34‑18
Ramp of return on added investment study, mass-to-power, 75‑9
density, total, 73‑10 87‑18 modular, 44‑21, 50‑15, 56‑4, 57‑3
loop, 73‑25 of return problem, 87‑4 net air-to-cloth, 34‑5
Ramping, 75‑13 of shear formation, 14‑7 nitrogen-oxygen, 24‑9
Random of strain, 14‑7 of exceedance, 11‑13
error, 85‑2 of substrate utilization, 30‑7 of precision, 78‑2
number, A‑91 overflow, 26‑6, 29-8 of specific heat, 15‑14
Range, 11‑13 per annum, 87‑29 of transformation, 84‑6
diagram, crane, 83‑11 precipitation, 34‑9 overconsolidation, 35‑25
error limits, 85‑7 recharge, 31‑7 partial pressure, 24‑2
number, 78‑21 recirculation, 30‑11 platoon, 73‑17
pace, 73‑5 saturation flow, 73‑16, 73‑17 Poisson’s, 43‑5, 58‑2
table, crane, 83‑11 service flow, 73‑6, 73‑11 price-earnings, 87‑37
Ranger, G‑13 settling, 29‑8 profit margin, 87‑37
Rank severity, 83‑2 recirculation, 29‑10
column (ftn), 4‑5 shear, 14‑7, 17‑15 recompression, 40‑5
matrix, 4‑5 sludge recycle, 30‑11 recycle, 30‑11
percentile, 11‑12 sludge return, 30‑11 reinforcement, 50‑12
row (ftn), 4‑5 spreading, 76‑8 reinforcement, beam, minimum, 50‑6,
speed, 73‑5 spring, 45‑22 55‑5
reinforcement, footing, minimum, 55‑4 power, 84‑7 Recycling

return on investment, 87‑37 property (ftn), 87‑21 asphalt pavement, 76‑29
saturation flow, 73‑16 Reasonable accommodation, 82‑9 cold, in-place, 76‑29
severity, 75‑11 Reasonably available control technology, hot mix, 76‑29
slenderness, 45‑3, 52‑1, 60‑4, 61‑3 34‑2 microwave asphalt, 76‑30
slenderness, critical, 61‑4 Rebar, 48‑9 plastic, 32‑13
slenderness, steel tension member, 60‑6 area, 50‑8, 51‑3 surface, 76‑29
steel, 50‑8, 50‑12 development length, 67‑7 wastewater, 29‑9
steel, prestressing, 56‑10 epoxy-coated, 48‑11 Red
stress, cyclic, 40‑12 epoxy-coated (tbl), 55‑6 primer, 16‑12
test, 3‑13 masonry, 67‑7 time, effective, 73‑21
transmission gear, 75‑4 pavement, 77‑7, 77‑10 Redistribution ring, 34‑21
void, 35‑7 protection, 48‑11 Redox reaction, 22‑8, G-13
volume-capacity, 73‑5, 73‑16 zinc-coated (galvanized) (tbl), 55‑6 Reduced equation, 10‑1
water-cement, 49‑1 Rebound, 72‑18 Reducing agent, 22‑8
width-thickness, 61‑6, 63‑3 angle, 72‑18 Reduction, 22‑8, 23‑4, G-13
Rational curve, 35‑25 area, 43‑7
equation, 20‑15 height, 72‑18 degree of, 27‑11
formula, 20‑15 stationary plane (fig), 72‑18 factor, capacity, 50‑4
method, modified, 20‑21 test, 43‑15 factor, slenderness, 68‑8
method, peak runoff, 20‑15 velocity, 72‑18 factor, strength, 50‑4
method runoff C-coefficient, A‑90 Receipt, 87‑3 linear equation, 3‑8
real number, 3‑1 Receivable value, welded connections (tbl), 60‑4
Rationalization, 3‑9 average age, 87‑37 value (tbl), 60‑3
INDEX-R
Rattler test, Los Angeles, 76‑4 turnover, 87‑37 Redundancy, 75‑11
Raveling pavement, 76‑6 Recessed plate filter press, 30‑19 bridge, 74‑5
Raw material, 87‑34 Recession curve, 20‑7 degree of, 46‑1
Ray (ftn), 6‑1 Recharge rate, 31‑7 reliability, 11‑10
RCP, 28‑4 Reciprocating Redundant
RDF, 31‑10 action pump, 18‑2 forces, 47‑7
Reach, 19‑2, G-13 positive displacement pump, 18‑2 member, 41‑8, 41‑14
Reactance, 84‑5 Reciprocity, 90‑2 system, 11‑10
capacitive, 84‑6 Recirculation, 29‑9 view, 2‑2
Reactant, 22‑7 flue gas, 34‑10 Reeving, 83‑10
limiting, 22‑9 rate, 30‑11 Reference
Reacted asphalt process, 76‑30 ratio, 29‑10 duration, 83‑8
Reaction, 41‑7 Reclamation, 29‑14 inertial frame of, 71‑10
biologic, 27‑11 Recommended point stake, 81‑1
chemical, 22‑7 Standards for Sewage Works (ftn), point stake, measurement, 81‑1
combustion, 24‑10 A‑118 temperature, 85‑6
combustion, ideal (tbl), 24‑9 weight limit, 83‑7 Reflection cracking, 76‑6
determinate, 41‑9 Recompression Reflex angle, 6‑1
dynamic (ftn), 72‑6 curve, 40‑4 Reformulated gasoline, 24‑7
endothermic, 22‑19 index, 40‑4 Refraction
enthalpy of, 22‑19 ratio, 40‑5 atmospheric, 78‑10
exothermic, 22‑19 segment, 40‑4 effect (fig), 78‑10
kinetics, 22‑14, 22‑15 Reconsolidation index, 35‑26 Refractory, G‑13
order, 22‑14 Recordable incident, OSHA, 83‑2 ash, 24‑3
oxidation-reduction, 22‑8 Recorder automatic traffic, 73‑6 metal, A‑129
rate, 22‑14 Recovery, 43‑2 organic, 28‑6
rate, zero order, 22‑14 closed-loop, 34‑4 solid, 28‑6
rate constant, 22‑14, 22‑15, 34-7 depreciation, 87‑26 substance, 29‑3
redox, 22‑8, G-18 leachate, 31‑8 Refrigeration, ton, 1‑7
reversible, 22‑13 method, capital, 87‑16 Refuse, 24‑4
sequencing batch, 30‑3 open-loop, 34‑4 -derived fuel, 24‑4, 31-10
speed, 22‑14 solvent, 34‑4 -derived fuel (tbl), 31‑10
stoichiometric, 22‑9 Recreation vehicle, 73‑8 Refutas equation, 14‑17
turbine, 18‑23, 18‑25 Rectangular Regenerating solution, 22‑24, 26‑19
two-dimensional, 41‑9 channel, 19‑7, 19‑9, 19‑19 Regeneration, 22‑24
velocity, 22‑14 channel, normal depth, 19‑7 ion exchange, 26‑19
Reactive coordinate system, 7‑3 Regime
power, 84‑7 form, 3‑8 flow, G‑7
substance, 32‑2 form, vector, 5‑2 subsonic flow (ftn), 14‑16
Reactivity, alkali-aggregate, 48‑2 hyperbola, 7‑12 Region
Reactor, 30‑7 moment of inertia, 42‑4 elastic, 43‑2, 48‑9
biological, rotating, 29‑12 pyramid (fig), 80‑6 null, 7‑3
continuous-flow stirred tank, 30‑7 rosette, 85‑13 plastic, 48‑9
tank, 34‑7 Surveying System, 78‑21 proportional, 43‑2
volume, 30‑8 tubing, 61‑1 Steel, 20‑5
Readily achievable, 82‑10 weir, submerged, 19‑12 Steel, rainfall, 20‑5
Reading Rectified sinusoid, 84‑5 strain-hardening, 48‑9
rod, 81‑4 Rectilinear system, 71‑2 transition, 16‑8
stadia, 78‑8 Rectum, latus, 7‑10, 7‑11 void, 7‑3
Reaeration, 28‑8 Recurrence interval frequency, 20‑5 Registered engineer, 90‑1
Real Recycle Registration, 90‑1
fluid, 14‑2 rate, sludge, 30‑11 Regression
losses, 84‑18 ratio, 30‑11 linear, 11‑17
machine, 13‑7 Recycled nonlinear curve, 11‑18
number, irrational, 3‑1 asphalt pavement, 76‑3, 76‑6, 76‑29 Regula falsi method (ftn), 12‑2
number, rational, 3‑1 pavement, PCC, 77‑13
Regular Relief electrical thermal, coefficient (tbl),

function, 8‑1 device, pressure, 16‑15 85‑7
lay, 45‑23 drain, 31‑7 factor, 74‑5
Regulation valve, 16‑15 factor, AASHTO, 56‑6
speed, 84‑12 valve, safety, 16‑15 factor for joint, AASHTO (tbl), 56‑8
voltage, 84‑12 well, 21‑5 fatigue, pavement, 76‑4
Regulations, 82‑2 Reloading curve, 35‑25, 43-8 filter, 34‑6
drinking water, A-108 Reluctance (ftn), 85‑4 flow, 34‑6
Regulator, G‑14 Rem, G‑14 grade, 75‑3
pressure, 26‑27 Remediation, 32‑16 knock, 24‑6
Rehabilitation period, 76‑20 Removal incidental, 75‑6
Rehbock weir equation, 19‑12 efficiency, 30‑14, 34‑7 inertia, 75‑3
Reid vapor pressure, 32‑9 efficiency, BOD, 29‑10 level tangent, 75‑5
Reinforced efficiency, ESP, 34‑9 locomotive, 75‑5
concrete, beam, 50‑1 fraction, 26‑6, 26‑7, 30-6 nominal, 74‑4
concrete pipe, 16‑11, 28-14 fraction, BOD, 29‑10 pile, 38‑2
concrete, slab, 51‑1 of barrier, 82‑10 railroad car, 75‑5
membrane, 31‑4 rate constant, BOD, 29‑5 rolling, 75‑3
Reinforcement, 69‑2 Renewal (ftn), 87‑15 rolling (ftn), 75‑3
beam (fig), 50‑2 Reovirus, 27‑7 side, 38‑3
beam, minimum, 50‑5 Reoxygenation, 28‑8 skid, pavement, 76‑4
double, 50‑24 rate constant, 28‑8 skin, 38‑3
footing, minimum, 55‑4 Repayment, loan, 87‑4 slip, 65‑3
horizontal joint, 67‑7 Replacement, 22‑7 specific, 34‑6
INDEX-R
index, transverse, 55‑6 double, 22‑7 temperature detector, 85‑5

joint, 67‑7 /retirement analysis, 87‑4 thermometer, 85‑5
location factor, 55‑6 sampling with, 11‑3 tip, 38‑2
ratio, 50‑12 sampling without, 11‑3 value, Hveem’s, 35‑32
selection of flexural, 55‑4 single, 22‑7 value, soil, 35‑32, 76-21
shear, 50‑21 study, 87‑19 vehicular, 75‑3
shear, limitation, 50‑23 Report, environmental impact, 32‑3 Resisting
shear, spacing, 50‑21, 50‑27 Repose, angle of, 40‑8, 72-6, 80-2 moment (ftn), 44‑8
shear strength, 50‑21 Required strength, 50‑3 shear (ftn), 44‑8
size factor, 55‑6 Research Resistivity
Reinforcing and development cost, 87‑34 electrical, 84‑2, 85‑7
bar, 67‑6 octane number, 24‑6 fire, 82‑4
bar, ASTM standard (tbl), 48‑10 Reservoir particle, 34‑9
bar, masonry, 67‑6 evaporation, 20‑23 Resistor, 84‑2, 84‑3, 84‑6
fabric, 40‑11 impounding, 20‑21 variable, 85‑3
steel, 48‑8, 50‑2 multiple, 17‑24 Resolution, 3‑6
steel, pavement, 77‑8 routing, 20‑23 of frequency analysis, 9‑9
wire, A‑150 sizing, 20‑21 Resonant cycle length, 73‑18
Related three, 17‑24 Resource
angle, 6‑1 yield, 20‑21 leveling, 86‑10
angle, function of, 6‑3 Residence -recovery plant, 31‑10
Relationship, flexural-compressive force, time, mean, 29‑8 Respirable fraction, 32‑7
62‑2 time, mean cell, 30‑4, 30‑8 Respiration, G‑14
Relative time, particle, 34‑9 Respiratory quotient, 27‑12
abundance, 22‑2 time, solids, 30‑4 Response
acceleration, 71‑10 Residential property (ftn), 87‑21 dynamic, 44‑8
atomic weight, 22‑2 Residual, 30-2, G‑14 static, 44‑8
compaction, 35‑18 available combined, 28‑14 Restitution, coefficient of, 72‑18
compaction, suggested, 35‑20 chlorine, total, 34‑8 Restraint, G‑14
density, 35‑8, 35‑17 combined, 25‑10, G-5 Result
dispersion, 11‑14 free, 25‑10, G-7 highly significant, 11‑15
fatigue damage value, 76‑21 fuel oil, 24‑6 Kutta-Joukowsky, 17‑43
fraction, 87‑32 oxidant, total, 29‑14 significant, 11‑15
importance, 87‑32 unavailable combined, 28‑14 Resultant
motion, 71‑10 value, 86‑8, 87‑17 acceleration, 71‑8, 71‑14
paddle velocity, 26‑11 Resilience, 43‑7 distribution, base (fig), 37‑11
permittivity, 34‑9 modulus of, 43‑7 force, equivalent, 41‑5
position, 71‑10 Resilient force-couple system, 41‑4
positioning, 78‑6 material, 43‑7 shear, 45‑18
proportion, sodium carbonate, 25‑12 modulus, 76‑21, G-14 total active, 37‑4
risk, 87‑36 modulus, effective roadbed soil, 76‑21 vector, 5‑1, 5‑3
roughness, 17‑5 modulus estimation chart (fig), 76‑23 Resurfacing, G‑14
stability, 28‑14 Resin Retainer fee, 88‑5
stability (tbl), 28‑14 gelular, 26‑18 Retaining
velocity, 71‑10 ion exchange, 22‑24 wall, 54‑3, A-121
velocity difference, 17‑37 macroporous, 26‑18 wall, active component, A‑122
Relaxation macroreticular, 26‑18 wall analysis, 37‑10
loss, 56‑4 Resistance (see also type) wall, cantilever, 37‑2
stress, 56‑5 air, 75‑3 wall design, 37‑13
Release valve, air, 16‑15 baghouse, 34‑6 wall key, 37‑2
Reliability, 11‑9, 11‑10, 85-2 curve, 75‑3, 75-6 wall, water table, 37‑10
experiment, 11‑12 electrical, 84‑2 Retardance roughness coefficient,
flexible pavement, 76‑20 electrical bridge, 85‑10 Manning’s, 20‑4
parallel, 11‑10 electrical motion, 14‑2 Retarded flow, G‑14
pavement, 76‑20 electrical, rolling, 72‑8 Retarder
serial, 11‑10 electrical shear, 14‑1 concrete, 49‑9
Reliable measurement, 85‑2 electrical temperature detector, 85‑5 set, 48‑4
Retention (see also Detention) Ringelmann scale, 24‑13 pneumatic, 76‑9

period, 29‑8 Rip rap, G‑14 rubber-tired, 35‑18, 76-9
specific, 21‑4 Rippl diagram, 20‑22 sheepsfoot, 35‑18
surface, G‑16 Rise in temperature, 13‑4 smooth-wheeled, 35‑18
time, 26‑6, 29-8 Riser pipe, 21‑5 static, 76‑9
time, hydraulic, 30‑8 Rising support, 41‑7
watershed, 20‑21 limb, 20‑7 Rolling
Retentivity, 34‑4 sludge, 30‑13 equipment, 76‑9
Reticulum, endoplasmic, 27‑2 Risk, 11‑15 friction, coefficient of, 72‑8
Retirement analysis, 87‑4 alpha, 11‑15 resistance, 72‑8, 75‑3
Retrograde solubility, G‑14 analysis, 87‑46 resistance, coefficient of, 72‑8
Retroreflector, 78‑9 beta, 11‑15 resistance (ftn), 75‑3
Return consumer, 11‑15 resistance, wheel (fig), 72‑8
external rate of, 87‑13 -free investment, 87‑12 stock, railroad, 75‑5
internal rate of, 87‑13 mitigation, geotechnical, 35‑33 Root, 3‑2, 12‑1
interval, 20‑5 producer, 11‑15 double, 3‑4
minimum attractive rate of, 87‑16 Rivet, 45‑12, 65‑1 extraneous, 3‑4
on investment, 87‑37 RMR system, 35‑33 finding, 12‑1
on investment ratio, 87‑11, 87‑14 rms value, 84‑5 -mean-squared value, 84‑5, 11-13
rate of, 87‑4, 87‑12, 87‑14 RNA, 27‑2 pile, 38‑7
rate, sludge, 30‑11 Road (see also Roadway) Rope, 41‑12
Reuse -access charge, 73‑29 -operated machine, mechanical advan‑
beneficial, 30‑21 adhesion, coefficient of, 75‑6 tage (tbl), 41‑12
wastewater, 29‑13 collector, 73‑3 haulage, 45‑22
INDEX-R
Revenue, 87‑35 frontage, G‑8 hoisting, extra flexible, 45‑22
Reverse local, 73‑3 standard hoisting, 83‑10
-bias (ftn), 85‑5 message cue, 75‑10 structural, 45‑23
osmosis, 26‑23 mix, G‑14 transmission, 45‑22
Reversed effective force (ftn), 72‑6 safety feature, 75‑13 wire, 45‑22, 45‑23, 45‑24
Reversible Test, AASHO, 77‑6 Rosette strain gauge, 85‑9
reaction, 22‑13, 22‑15 user cost, 73‑28 Rotameter, 17‑28
reaction kinetics, 22‑15 Roadbed, G‑14 Rotary
Revolution soil resilient modulus chart (fig), 76‑23 action pump, 18‑2, 18‑3
surface of, 9‑5 Roadside safety railing, 75‑14 bridge, 73‑25
surface of (fig), 42‑3 Roadway, 75‑16 pump, slip (fig), 18‑4
volume of, 9‑5, 9‑6 banking, 72‑8 Rotating
volume of (fig), 42‑3 functional classification (tbl), 73‑3 beam test (fig), 43‑10
Reynolds network element, 75‑16 biological contactor, 29‑12
number, 16‑8 network warrant, signalization, 73‑20 biological contactor, characteristics,
number, critical, 16‑8 or environmental factor, 75‑9 29‑12
number factor, 17‑15 segment (see also Segment), 75‑10 biological reactor, 29‑12
number mixing, 26‑12 urban, 73‑3 machine, electrical, 84‑12
number, similarity, 17‑48 Rock, 35‑2 Rotation, 44‑20, 71-7
number (tbl), 1‑10 bearing capacity, 36‑8 axis of, 72‑2
Rheogram, 14‑7 excavation, 80‑2 center of, 66‑8
Rheopectic fluid, 14‑8 igneous, 35‑32 fixed axis, 72‑2
Rheostat, 84‑2 mass rating system, 35‑33 method, instantaneous center of, 65‑6
Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 27‑2 metamorphic, 35‑33 of axis, 42‑8
Right quality designation, 35‑33 of fluid mass, 15‑21
angle, 6‑1 salt, 35‑33 pipe bundle, 34‑17
circular cone, formula, A‑10 type, 35‑32 pipe bundle (fig), 34‑17
circular cylinder, A‑10 Rocket, 72‑20 point of, 79‑9
distributive law, 4‑4 Rockwell point of, bulkhead, 39‑5
-hand rule, 5‑4, 41-3 A scale, 43‑14 Rotational
-hand rule (fig), 41‑3 B scale, 43‑14 particle motion, 71‑7
of access, G‑14 C scale, 43‑14 symmetry, 7‑4
triangle, 6‑2 hardness test, 43‑14 Rotavirus, 27‑7
Righting moment, 15‑18 Rod Rotex gear, 83‑10
Rigid grade, 81‑4 Rotifer, 27‑8
body, 71‑1, 72‑10 grade (fig), 81‑5 Rotor
body motion, 72‑2 ground, 81‑4 concentrator, 34‑4
diaphragm, 68‑14 ground (fig), 81‑5 motor, 84‑15
framing connection, 65‑7 leveling, 78‑10 Roughing filter, 29‑9
pavement, 77‑1, G-14 person, 81‑4 Roughness
pavement design, 77‑5 Philadelphia, 78‑10 coefficient, 17‑9, A-82
pavement, equivalency factor, A‑185, precise, 78‑10 coefficient, Manning, 19‑4, A-82
A‑186, A‑187 reading, 81‑4 coefficient, overland, 20‑4
pavement nomograph, AASHTO (fig), reading for grade, 81‑4 coefficient, retardance, 20‑4
77‑9 slider, 71‑14 height, 2‑4
truss, 41‑13 standard, 78‑10 height index, 2‑4
Rigidity, 44‑3 tie, 39‑5 relative, 17‑5
flexural, 44‑3 waving the, G‑17 sampling length, 2‑4
modulus, 43‑9 Roentgen, G‑14 specific, 17‑5, A-55
Ring Rohsenow equation, 14‑12 specific (tbl), 17‑5
benzene (tbl), 23‑1 Roll, 72‑2 weight, 2‑4
double, infiltration test, 21‑10 Roll (verb) (ftn), 15‑18 width, 2‑4
permutation, 11‑2 Rollcrete, 48‑8 width cutoff, 2‑4
piezometer (ftn), 15‑2 Roller Rough-pipe flow, 17‑5
redistribution, 34‑21 -compacted concrete, 48‑8, 76-30 Round beam, 50‑1
slip (ftn), 85‑9 grid, 35‑18
stiffness, 16‑12 pavement (see also type), 76‑9
Rounding Rutting, pavement, 76‑6 trap, G‑14

begin slope, 81‑4 RV equivalent, 73‑8 versus clay, 36‑2
end slope, 81‑4 Ryznar stability index, 26‑20 Sandstone, 35‑33
Route surveying, 78‑9 Sanitary wastewater, 28‑2
Routing S Saturated
channel, 20‑24 S density, 35‑8
flood, 20‑24 corporation, 88‑3 hydrocarbon, 24‑1
reservoir, 20‑23 -curve, 27‑4 hydrocarbon (tbl), 23‑2
Row -curve method, 20‑13 solution, 22‑11
canonical form, 4‑2 -test, 35‑28 steam, properties (tbl), A‑67, A‑75
equivalent, 4‑2 S-N curve, 43‑10 surface-dry condition, 49‑3
equivalent matrix, 4‑2 typical, aluminum (fig), 43‑11 Saturation
matrix, 4‑1 typical, steel (fig), 43‑10 coefficient, 67‑5
operation, elementary, 4‑2 Sack, cement, 48‑1 coefficient, oxygen, 30‑9
rank (ftn), 4‑5 Sacrificial anode, 22‑20 concentration (gas in liquid), 22‑10
-reduced echelon form, 4‑2 Saddle point, 7‑2 degree of, 35‑7, 73‑16
-reduced echelon matrix, 4‑1 Safe flow rate, 73‑16, 73‑17
RQD, 35‑33 bearing pressure, 36‑2 flow ratio, 73‑16
Rth-order difference, 3‑11 bearing value, pile, 38‑2 index, Langelier, 26‑19
Rubber Drinking Water Act, 25‑5 pressure, 14‑10
asphalt, 76‑30 load, pile, 38‑2 values of dissolved oxygen in water,
crumb, asphalt, 76‑30 yield, 21‑6, G-14 A‑97
-modified asphalt, 76‑30 Safety, 83‑1 SAW process, 66‑2
-tired roller, 35-18, 76‑9 crane, 83‑11 Saybolt
electrical, 83‑6 Seconds Furol (SSF), 14‑6
INDEX-S
Rubberized asphalt process, 76‑30

Rubbish, 24‑4 electrical (tbl), 83‑7 Seconds Universal (SSU), 14‑7
Rubcrete, 77‑14 feature, road, 75‑13 Seconds Universal (SSU) (ftn), 18‑2
Rule, 89‑1 geotechnical, 35‑33 viscometer (ftn), 14‑7
80%, 84‑10 highway, 75‑2 SBC, 82‑1
compass, 78‑15 management technique, 75‑11 Scaffold, 83‑9
Cramer’s, 3‑8, 4‑7 objective, 75‑2 Scalar, 5‑1
derived, 32‑2 performance function, 75‑17 matrix, 4‑2
engineering economic analysis, 87‑3 railing, roadside, 75‑14 multiplication, 4‑4
half-year, 87‑3 relief valve, 16‑15 product, triple, 5‑5
L’Hôpital’s, 3‑10 scaffolding, 83‑9 Scale, 26‑19, 78‑19
mixture, 32‑2 subjective, 75‑2 API, 14‑5
of 72, 87‑9 valve, 16‑15 Baumé, 14‑5
of 90s, 76‑3 valve, full-lift, 16‑15 characteristic, 19‑19
of professional conduct, 89‑1 valve, high-lift, 16‑15 in pipes (ftn), 22‑23
of signs, Descartes’, 3‑5 valve, low-lift, 16‑15 length, 19‑19
right-hand, 5‑4, 41-3 Sag map, 78‑22
right-hand (fig), 41‑3 curve, 28‑11, 79‑12, 79‑16, 79‑18 model, 17‑48
SI system, 1‑7 curve, oxygen (fig), 28‑11 Mohs, 43‑14
Simpson’s, 7‑2, 78-18 oxygen, 28‑11 parameter, 11‑8
six nines, 34‑13 pipe, G‑14 Ringelmann, 24‑13
statutory, 89‑1 Salary plus fee, 88‑5 Rockwell A, 43‑14
transit, 78‑16 Saline, G‑14 Rockwell B, 43‑14
trapezoidal, 7‑1, 78-18 Salinity, 22‑10 Rockwell C, 43‑14
Ruling gradient, 75‑5 hazard, 25‑12 spring, 45‑22, 85‑15
Run irrigation water, 25‑12 water, 25‑4
-of-mine coal, 24‑5 Salometer scale (ftn), 14‑5 Scaling
-of-the-nut method, 45‑14 Salt, G‑14 constant (tbl), 34‑6
Runaway speed, 17‑38 crevice, 22‑25 index, Puckorius, 26‑20
Runner, turbine, 18‑23 water conversion, 26‑23 law, 18‑21
Running Salvage value, 87‑19 pavement, 76‑6
bond, 67‑3 Sample, 11‑3 Scavenging, oxygen, 22‑25
speed, 73‑4 grab, 28‑16 SCFM, 30‑10
speed, average, 73‑4 space, event, 11‑3 Schedule
Runoff, 32‑15 standard deviation, 11‑13 -40 pipe (ftn), 16‑11
C-coefficient, A‑90 standard deviation (ftn), 11‑13 management, 86‑10
condition, antecedent, 20‑18 variance, 11‑13 Scheduling
crown, 79‑9 Sampler, split-spoon, 35‑16 fast-track, 86‑10
curve number, 20‑19, 20‑20 Sampling, 11‑3 project, 86‑8
peak, 20‑12 with replacement, 11‑3 Schist, 35‑33
subsurface, G‑16 without replacement, 11‑3 Schmidt number (tbl), 1‑10
superelevation, 79‑9 Sand, G‑14 Schmutzdecke (ftn), 26‑15
surface, 20‑7, G-16 bearing capacity, 36‑7 School crossing warrant, signalization,
surface (ftn), 20‑7 braced cut, 39‑2 73‑20
tangent, 79‑9 cohesion, 35‑27 Schulze correlation, 29‑12
Runout tangent, 79‑9 cuts in (fig), 39‑2 Scleroscopic hardness test, 43‑15
Runway, airport, 73‑32, 79‑23 drying bed, 30‑20 Scour, G‑14
Rupture filter, 26‑14, 29‑13 protection, 19‑14
angle of, 43‑8 filter, intermittent, 29‑13 velocity, 29‑5
line, 35‑26 filter, polishing, 29‑13 Scratch hardness test, 43‑14
modulus of, 50‑16, 77-6 filter, rapid, 26‑14, 29-13 Screed (see also type), 76‑7
modulus of, concrete, 48‑6 filter, slow, 26‑15, 29‑13 extending, 76‑7
Mohr’s theory of, 43‑8 filter bed, 32‑15 high-density, 76‑7
strength, 43‑17 -lightweight concrete, 48‑8 Screen
Rural quick, 36‑2 gravel, 21‑5
area, 73‑3 raft on, 36‑11 wastewater, 29‑5
survey, 78‑5 stability, cut, 39‑4 well, 21‑5
Screening, 26‑3 modulus, plastic, 59‑8, 59‑12 type (fig), 87‑46

pea coal, 24‑5 modulus, plastic, plate girder, 63‑3 variable, 87‑46
transportation network, 75‑18 noncompact, 61‑7 Sensor, 85‑4
Screwed fitting (ftn), 17‑13 slender element, 61‑7 Separable, first-order, 10‑3
Scrim, 31‑4, G‑14 structural, G‑15 Separate system, G‑14
Scrubber, 34‑2 tension-controlled, 50‑5 Separation
atomizing, 34‑18 transition, 50‑5 factor, 34‑8
venturi, 34‑18 typical, 80‑2 hydrograph, 20‑7
wet, 34‑2 Sectioning cut, 2‑4 of terms, 9‑3
wet venturi (fig), 34‑19 Sections, method of, 41‑16 Separator, inertial, 32‑8, 34‑7
Scrubbing, 34‑18 taking at pluses, 80‑2 Septage, 29‑3
advanced, 24‑5 Sector, A‑8 Septic, G‑14
chemical, 34‑18 Sediment structure, 80‑11 tank, 29‑2
dry, 34‑18 Sedimentary rock, 35‑33, G‑14 Sequence, 3‑11
semi-dry, 34‑18 Sedimentation, 20‑24, 26‑3 arithmetic, 3‑12
venturi, 34‑18 basin, characteristics, 29‑7 convergent, 3‑11
SCS basin, plain, 29‑7 divergent, 3‑11
curve number, 20‑17 efficiency, 26‑6 geometric, 3‑12
graphical method, 20‑21 plain, 26‑5 harmonic, 3‑12
lag equation, 20‑12 tank, 26‑6 p-, 3‑12
peak discharge, 20‑21 Seebeck effect, 85‑7 standard, 3‑12
synthetic unit hydrograph, 20‑11 Seed, G‑14 Sequencing
Scum, 29‑7 Seeded BOD, 28‑10 batch reactor, 30‑3
grinding, 29‑7 Seeding, 80‑11 construction, 86‑9
Seep, G‑14
INDEX-S
SDG sewer, 28‑4 design, 86‑8
Seal, 34‑16 Seepage Sequentiality, 75‑11
coat, G‑14 flow net, 21‑9 Sequestering agent (ftn), 26‑21
double, 34‑16 velocity, 21‑4 Serial
mechanical, 34‑16 Segment reliability, 11‑10
single, 34‑16 asymmetrical, cable (fig), 41‑21 system, 11‑10
tandem, 34‑16 crash factor, 75‑10 Series, 3‑13
Sealer, penetrating, 77‑13 length, weaving, 73‑27 arithmetic, 3‑13
Sealing surface, 77‑13 major weave, 73‑28 circuit, electrical, 84‑3
Seamless steel boiler tubing, dimensions, normally consolidated, 40‑4 expansion, 8‑8
A‑54 one-sided weaving, 73‑28 finite, 3‑13
Search, visual, 75‑10 roadway, 75‑16 Fourier, 9‑7
Seasonal variation, 38‑3 two-sided weaving, 73‑28 galvanic, 22‑20
Secant Segmental construction, bridge, 56‑6 galvanic (tbl), 22‑20
bulk modulus, 14‑15 Segregation, concrete, 49‑5 geometric, 3‑13
formula, 45‑5 Seiche harmonic, 3‑13
hyperbolic, 6‑5 external, G‑14 hydrocarbon, 24‑2
method (ftn), 12‑2 internal, G‑14 infinite, 3-13, 87‑7
modulus, 43‑4 Seismic Maclaurin, 8‑9
modulus of elasticity, concrete, 48‑5, design category, 69‑3 methane, 24‑1
48‑6 design category, masonry, 68‑3, 68‑14 naphthalene, 24‑2
Second load, 50‑21 of alternating sign, 3‑14
area moment, 42‑4 response modification factor, masonry, olefin, 24‑2
derivative, 8‑1 68‑3, 68‑13, 68‑15 paraffin, 24‑1
law of cosines, 6‑7 Selective perpetual, 87‑7
moment of a function, 9‑7 catalytic reduction, 32‑10, 34‑19 pipe, 17‑22
moment of the area, 42‑4 leaching, 22‑21 power, 8‑9
-order analysis, 47‑16 noncatalytic reduction, 34‑20 pumps in, 18‑20
-order analysis, linear, 47‑2 Selenide, cadmium, 85‑5 spring, 45‑22
-order analysis, nonlinear, 53‑2 Self Taylor’s, 8‑8, 8‑9
-order differential equation, 10‑1 -cleansing pipe (ftn), 20‑3 Server queue, 73‑29
-order effect, 62‑1, 62‑2 -cleansing velocity, 19‑2, 28‑4 Service
-order homogeneous, 10‑3 -cleansing velocity (ftn), 20‑3 factor, 84‑14
-order linear, 10‑3 -compactible concrete, 48‑8 factor, motor, 18‑11
stage demand, G‑14 -consolidating concrete, 48‑8 factor (ftn), 72‑7
Secondary -placing concrete, 48‑8 flow rate, 73‑5, 73‑6, 73‑11
clarifier, 29‑13 -purification, 28‑11 level of, 73‑3, 73‑8, 73‑22
combustion chamber, 34‑13 -purification constant, 28‑12 life, 87‑21
compression index, 40‑6 Selling expense, 87‑34 limit state, 56‑6
consolidation, 40‑4, 40‑6 Semi limit state (ftn), 74‑4
consolidation, coefficient of, 40‑6 -dry scrubbing, 34‑18 load, 45‑2, 50‑3
creep, 43‑17 -gravity wall, 37‑1 pressure, 26‑26
treatment, 29‑3 -precise level, 78‑10 time, 73‑29
Section (see also type), 2‑4, 78‑21 -rigid framing connection, 65‑7 Serviceability, 59‑5
base critical plate, 61‑11 -variable cost, 87‑33 beam, 50‑14
built-up, 63‑1 Semimajor distance, 7‑11 cracking, 50‑14
compact, 59‑3, 61‑7 Semiminor distance, 7‑11 deflection, 50‑16
compression-controlled, 50‑5 Semipermeable membrane, 14‑11 index, initial, 76‑21
conic, 7‑9 Sending unit (ftn), 85‑4 index, terminal, 76‑18, 76‑21
cross, 80‑2 Sense, 5‑1 limit states, 58‑5
cross (ftn), 2‑4 Sensitivity, 11‑12, 85‑2, G‑14 Set, 11‑1
dangerous, 44‑12 analysis, 87‑45 accelerator, 48‑3
drawing, 2‑3 clay, 35‑30 associative law, 11‑2
factor, 19‑3 contrast, 75‑10 commutative law, 11‑2
hollow structural, 58‑3 factor, strain, 85‑9 complement, 11‑1
modulus, 42‑7, 44‑12, 59‑4 fatigue notch, 43‑11 complement law, 11‑1, 11‑2
modulus, elastic, 59‑4 de Morgan’s law, 11‑2
disjoint, 11‑1 Sharp-crested weir, 19‑11 flow, Manning roughness coefficients,

distributive law, 11‑2 Sharpest curve, 79‑8 20‑3
element, 11‑1 Shear, 44‑8 piling, 39‑4
idempotent law, 11‑2 ACI coefficient, 47‑20 piling, allowable stress (tbl), 39‑4
identity law, 11‑1 beam load cell, 85‑13 piling, section modulus, 39‑4
intersection, 11‑1 cantilever wall (fig), 39‑5 Sheeted pit, G‑15
laws, 11‑1 capacity, vertical stirrup (fig), 50‑22 Sheeting, close-, 39‑1
member, 11‑1 center, 45‑18, 59‑15 Shell, torsion, 45‑17
null, 11‑1 center, thin-wall section (fig), 45‑19 Shells, method of, 9‑6
permanent, 43‑2, 43‑3, 48‑9 coefficient, ACI, 47‑20 Sherwood number (tbl), 1‑10
point, 22‑24, 26‑19 connection, 65‑4 Shield
retarder, 48‑4 connector, 57‑2, 64‑2, 64‑4 arc, 64‑4
union, 11‑1 crack, typical pattern (fig), 50‑21 configuration (fig), 83‑4
universal, 11‑1 critical section, one-way (fig), 55‑3 trench, 83‑4
Setting, 18‑26 critical section, two-way (fig), 55‑3 Shielded metal arc weld, 66‑1
Settleable solids, 34‑24, 25‑10 critical section, wall footing (fig), 55‑2 Shifting taper, 73‑33
Settled sludge volume, 30‑5 diagram, 44‑9 Shock
Settlement (see also Consolidation), 36‑2 direct, 66‑6 electrical, 83‑7
differential, 36‑2 double-action, 55‑3 load, septage, 29‑3
elastic, 40‑3 envelope, 50‑21 treatment, 28‑6
immediate, 40‑3 envelope, maximum, 47‑21 Shooting flow, G‑15
pile, 38‑6 failure, soil, 36‑3 Shore hardness test, 43‑15
Settling, 40‑3 flow, 45‑17 Shored construction, 57‑4
basin, G‑14 force of action, 45‑18 Shoring, 64‑2, 83-4
column test, laboratory, 26‑6 box-, 39‑1
INDEX-S
formation, rate of, 14‑7

rate, 29‑8 horizontal, 44‑11 skeleton, 39‑2
velocity, 17‑45, 26‑5, 26‑6 lag, 57‑3 Short
velocity, critical, 26‑7 lag reduction coefficient, 60‑3 circuit, electrical, 84‑2
Severability, 88‑4 lag reduction coefficient, bolted con‑ -circuiting, 26‑13
Severity nection (tbl), 60‑3 column, 52‑1
category, 75‑11 lag reduction coefficient, welded con‑ hydraulically, 19‑29
crash, 75‑17 nection (tbl), 60‑4 length, weaving, 73‑27
rate, 83‑2 minimum, 46‑10 -term transaction, 87‑3
ratio, 75‑11 modulus, 43‑9, 44‑2, 45‑16, 58‑2 ton, 1‑7
Sewage modulus (tbl), 43‑9 Shortt equation, 79‑20
pump, 18‑5 modulus of elasticity, 43‑9 Shotcrete, 40‑11
strength, 28‑9 one-way, 55‑3 Shoulder taper, 73‑33
Sewer one-way (ftn), 44‑8 Shovel, 80‑10
alternative, 28‑4 panel, 46‑12 Shoving pavement, 76‑6
branch, G‑4 prestressed section, 56‑11 Shredder, 29‑7
capacity (tbl), 28‑5 punching, 55‑3 Shrink fit, 45‑7
collector, 28‑3 rate, 14‑7, 17‑15 Shrinkage, 56‑3, 80‑2, 80‑9
combined, 28‑2 reinforcement, 50‑21 cement, -compensating, 48‑2
G-P, 28‑4 reinforcement, anchorage, 50‑24 -compensating concrete, 48‑2
gravity, 28‑4 reinforcement, anchorage requirement cracking, 48‑2
interceptor, 28‑4 (fig), 50‑24 index, 35‑22
main, 28‑3 reinforcement design procedure, 50‑23 limit, 35‑22
minimum velocity, 19‑2 reinforcement limitation, 50‑23 loss, 56‑4
overflow, combined, 29‑14 resistance, 14‑1 pretension loss, 56‑3
pipe, concrete dimensions, A‑47 resisting (ftn), 44‑8 Shunt balance bridge (ftn), 85‑10
pipe, dimensions and weights, A‑47 resultant, 45‑18 Shutoff
pipe, material, 28‑3 single-action, 55‑3 point, pump, 18‑18
pipe, PVC dimensions, A‑44 slab design, 51‑3 service valve, 16‑13
size, 28‑5 span, 50‑27 SI
slope, 28‑4 strain, 43‑9 base unit (tbl), 1‑5
small-diameter gravity, 28‑4 strength, 43‑9, 59‑5, 63‑2 conversion factor, A‑4
surcharged, G‑16 strength, block, 60‑4 derived unit, 1‑7
trunk, 28‑3 strength, concrete, 48‑7 prefix, 1‑7
velocity, 28‑4 strength, nominal, 50‑22 system rule, 1‑7
Sexagesimal system, 78‑7 strength, nominal concrete, 50‑22 unit, 1‑5
Shadow vehicle, 73‑34 strength, shear reinforcement, 50‑22 Sick building syndrome, 32‑4
Shaft, 45‑7 stress, 44‑2 Side
capacity, 38‑3 stress, beam, 44‑10 friction factor, 38-3, 72‑9, 79‑8
critical speed, 26‑12 stress, concrete beam, 50‑21 resistance, 38‑3
design, 45‑15 stress, fluid, 14‑7, 17‑15 slope, erodible channel, 19‑28
loading, pump, 18‑12 stress, rectangular beam (fig), 44‑11 water depth, 29‑8
pier, G‑12 -stud connector, 64‑4 Sidesway, 47‑16
twist, 43‑9, 45‑16 stud, material, 58‑4 Sideways friction, 72‑9, 79‑7
Shale, 35‑33 test, direct, 35‑26 Siemens, 84‑3
Shallow foundation, 36‑1 torsional, 66‑6 Sieve
Shape two-way, 55‑3 opening, 35‑2
basic, 42‑1, 42‑4 ultimate, 59‑13 size, 35‑3
designation, 58‑3, 60‑1 vane test, 83‑3 test, 35‑2
designation, compression member cross wall, 54‑2 Sight
section (fig), 61‑2 wide-beam, 55‑3 distance, 79‑16, G-15
designation (tbl), 58‑3 Sheave, 41‑11 distance, decision, 79‑11, G-6
factor, 35‑24, 36‑3 wire rope, 45‑24 distance, headlight, 79‑18
mensuration, A‑8 Sheepsfoot roller, 35‑18 distance, non-striping, G‑11
most economical, 58‑6 Sheet distance, passing, 79‑11, G-12
of a fluid, 14‑1 flow, 20‑3 distance, stopping, 79‑11, G-15
pile (fig), 80‑6 Sightline offset, horizontal, 79‑11
Sigma chart, 11‑17 -point diamond interchange, 73‑25 one-way, 51‑2

Sigmoidal shape, 27‑4 -point urban interchange (SPUI), 73‑25 one-way (fig), 51‑2
Sign proprietorship, 88‑1 reinforced concrete, 51‑1
alternating, series of, 3‑14 seal, 34‑16 two-way, 51‑5
convention (fig), 44‑6 shear, 45‑12 two-way (fig), 51‑5
of the function, 6‑3 -stage pump, 18‑5 waffle, 51‑5
Signal strength test, 49‑2 width, effective, composite member,
analyzer, 9‑8 -suction pump, 18‑5 57‑2
coordination warrant, signalization, Singular Slack time, 86‑12
73‑20 matrix, 4‑2, 4‑5 Slag, 24‑3
four-phase, 73‑15 point, 8‑1 Slaked lime, 26‑16
phase, 73‑16 point (ftn), 8‑3 Slam-bang, 80‑10
three-phase, 73‑15 Singularity, 4‑5 Slate, 35‑33
timing, Greenshields method, 73‑18 Sink, energy, 17‑17 Slender
timing, Webster’s equation, 73‑18 Sinkhole, G‑15 column, 45‑3
two-phase, 73‑15 Sinking element section, 61‑7
versus stop sign, 73‑19 fund, 87‑7 Slenderness, 69‑2
warrant, 73‑18 fund factor, 87‑7 ratio, 45‑3, 52‑1, 61‑3
Signalized intersection, 73‑15 fund method, 87‑23 ratio, critical, 61‑4
Signature analysis (ftn), 9‑8 Sinuosity, G‑15 ratio, steel tension member, 60‑4
Significance level, 11‑15 Siphon, 17‑21 reduction factor, 68‑8
Significant air valve, 16‑15 Slewing
digit, 3‑1 inverted, G‑10 platform, 83‑10
result, 11‑15 Site unit, 83‑10
condition, crash, 75‑19 Slickenside, G‑15
INDEX-S
result, highly, 11‑15
Silica fume, 48‑2 condition, transportation, 75‑16 Slider
Siliceous-gel zeolite, 22‑23 development cost, 86‑5 rod, 71‑14
Silt fence, 80‑12 dewatering, 80‑12 rod assembly, 71‑14
Silver point (ftn), 85‑6 transportation network, 75‑16 Sliding, 72‑11
Silviculture, 30‑21 visit, 86‑3 factor of safety, 15‑12
Similar triangle, 6‑2 Siting plate viscometer test, 14‑7
Similarity, 17‑48 landfill, 31‑4 vector (ftn), 5‑1
dynamic, 17‑48 wastewater treatment plant, 29‑3 window method, 75‑18
geometric, 17‑48 Six Slip, 18‑11
law, pump, 18‑21 nines rule, 34‑13 ammonia (ftn), 34‑20
mechanical, 17‑48 -sack mix, 49‑2 base, pole, 75‑14
partial, 17‑50 Size coefficient, 65‑3
Simple cut, 34‑8 -critical connection, 65‑3
framing connection, 65‑7 distribution, particle, 35‑2 electrical, 84‑15
framing connection (fig), 65‑7 dust, convention, 32‑7 factor, Cunningham, 34‑9
interest, 87‑12, 87‑41 effective grain, 35‑2 -form construction, 77‑2
interest loan, 87‑41 effective throat, 45‑15 forming, 49‑7
pipe culvert (fig), 17‑21 factor, 55‑5 pump, 18‑3
ranking method, 75‑18 motor, 18‑11 resistance, 65‑3
support, 41‑7 sieve, 35‑3 ring (ftn), 85‑9
Simplex pump, 18‑3 weld, 66‑3 Sliplining, 40‑11
Simplified curve formula, 79‑7 SK rating, 29‑9 Slipping, 72‑11
Simply supported, 41‑7 Skeleton shoring, 39‑2 cracking, pavement, 76‑6
Simpson’s rule, 7‑2, 78‑18 Skempton bearing capacity factors (tbl), Slope, 7‑5, 8‑1, 19‑16, G‑15
Simulated equilibrium (ftn), 72‑6 39‑4 backfill, broken, 37‑6
Simulation Skew, symmetric matrix, 4‑2 circle failure, 40‑8
Monte Carlo, 20‑23 Skewness, 11‑14 configuration (fig), 83‑4
Monte Carlo (ftn), 87‑44 Fisher’s, 11‑14 critical, 19‑3, G-5
reservoir, 20‑23 Pearson’s, 11‑14 cross, adverse, 79‑9
stochastic, 20‑23 Skid resistance, pavement, 76‑4 deflection method, 47‑3
Simultaneous Skidding drain, temporary, 80‑11
equations, linear, 3‑7 distance, 75‑7 energy gradient, 19‑3
equations, matrix, 4‑6 friction, coefficient of (tbl), 75‑6 excavation, 83‑4
equations, solving, 3‑8 Skimming tank, 29‑7 geometric, 19‑3
Sine Skin -intercept form, 7‑5
coversed, 6‑5 friction, 17‑43 maximum allowable (tbl), 83‑4
flipped, 6‑5 friction capacity, 38‑3 normal, 19‑3
function, integral, 9‑9 friction coefficient, 17‑47, 38-3 /ramp method, landfill, 31‑2
hyperbolic, 6‑5 friction coefficient (ftn), 17‑5, 17‑47 rounding, begin, 81‑4
law of, 6‑6, 6‑7 friction loss (ftn), 17‑5 rounding, end, 81‑4
versed, 6‑5 friction, negative, 38‑6 sewer, 28‑4
Single friction (ftn), 17‑5 stability, clay, 40‑8
-acting hammer, 38‑2 resistance, 38‑3 stability, Taylor (fig), 40‑8
-acting pump, 18‑2 Slab stability, Taylor chart, 40‑8
-action shear, 55‑3 beam, factored moment, 51‑7 stability chart, 40‑8
angle, 61‑2 -beam floor system (fig), 50‑3 stake, 81‑1, 81‑3
butt (ftn), 45‑12 beam, two-way (fig), 51‑7 stake, marking determinant, 81‑4
cyclone, 34‑7 concrete, 51‑1 Sloping excavation, 83‑4
cyclone, double-vortex (inertial separa‑ concrete, effective width, 64‑2 Slot weld, 66‑2
tor), 34‑7 deck, 51‑8 Slotted hole, 65‑2
cyclone, double-vortex (fig) (inertial deflection, 51‑2 Slow
separator), 34‑7 design, flexure, 51‑3 -closing valve, 17‑41
drainage, 40‑5 design, shear, 51‑3 cure, asphalt, 76‑2
payment cash flow, 87‑4 flat, 51‑5 sand filter, 26‑15
payment present worth factor, 87‑6 length, pavement, 77‑8 test, 35‑28
-point calibration, 85‑2 minimum thickness (tbl), 51‑2, 51‑9 Slow sand filter, 29‑13
Sludge, 26‑13, 30‑2, G‑15 Soil (see also type), 35‑2 Soluble
activated, 30‑2 bentonite, 40‑10 BOD, 30‑6
age, 30‑4 boring symbols, A‑119 sodium, percent, 25‑12
age, BOD, 30‑4 cement, 48‑8 Solute, 22‑11
beneficial reuse program, 30‑21 classification, 35‑4, 83-3 Solute (ftn), 14‑11
bulking, 30‑5, 30‑13, G-15 classification, AASHTO, 35‑4, 35‑5 Solution, 14‑11, 22‑11, G-15
cake, 30‑19 classification, USCS, 35‑4 Blasius, 17‑47
characteristics, 30‑14 classification, USCS (tbl), 35‑6 buffer, 22‑13
composting, 30‑21, 30‑22 Classification System, Unified, 35‑4 complementary, 10‑4
conditioner, 22‑26 Classification System, Unified (tbl), indicator, 25‑2, 25‑3
critical velocity, 18‑6 35-6 neutral, 22‑13, 25‑1
dewatering, 30‑19 cohesionless, 37‑2 of gas in liquid, 22‑10
disposal, 30‑21 cohesive, 37‑2 particular, 10‑4
incineration, 30‑21, 34‑16 failure, 35‑26 property of, 22‑11
landfill, 30‑21 gap-graded, 35‑2 regenerating, 26‑19
methane production, 30‑18 granular, 37‑2 saturated, 22‑11
monofill, 30‑21 group, hydrologic, 20‑17 trivial (ftn), 3‑7
ocean dumping, 30‑22 incineration, 34‑15 Solvation, 22‑11
parameters, 30‑4 indexing formula (tbl), 35‑9 Solvency, 87‑36
pump, 18‑5 mass-volume relationship, 35‑7 Solvent, 14‑11, 22‑11
pump power factor, 18‑5 moisture content, 21‑2 recovery, 34‑4
quantity, wastewater, 30‑14 nailing, 40‑11 Sonic
quantity, water treatment, 26‑13 noncohesive, 37‑2 boom, 14‑16
recycle rate, 30‑11 nonplastic, 35‑22 velocity, 14‑16
return rate, 30‑11 normally consolidated, 40‑4, G‑11
INDEX-S
Sorbent
rising, 30‑13 overconsolidated, 40‑4 injection, 34‑20
stabilization, 30‑16 parameter formula, 35‑8 -injection, duct, 24‑5
thickening, 30‑15 particle, classification, 35‑2 -injection, furnace, 24‑5
volume index, 30‑5, 30‑11, 30‑13 permeability, 21‑2, 35‑23 Sorption, G‑15
volume index (SVI), G‑15 pressure, at-rest, 37‑5 Sound, speed of, 14‑16
volume, settled, 30‑5 pressure, backward, 37‑2 Sound limit, 83‑8
washout, 30‑14 pressure, compressed, 37‑2 Source
waste activated, 30‑2 pressure, forward, 37‑2 energy, 17‑17
wasting, 30‑13 pressure, tensioned, 37‑2 nonpoint, G‑11
water treatment, 26‑6 pressure, vertical, 37‑3 point, G‑13
yield, 30‑14 resilient modulus, 76‑21 Space
Sludge (ftn), 32‑2 resistance value, 76‑21 buffer, 73‑34
Slug, 1‑4, A-5 strength, 35‑26 confined, 83‑6
Slump, 48‑4 test ASTM, 35‑16 mean speed, 73‑4, G-15
concrete, 49‑1 test, ASTM (tbl), 35‑17 mean speed versus density (fig), 73‑7
grout, 67‑6 test, standard, 35‑16 mean speed versus flow (fig), 73‑8
test, 48‑4 type A, 83‑3 mechanics, 72‑22
Slurry type B, 83‑3 mechanics nomenclature (fig), 72‑22
friction loss, 17‑12 type C, 83‑3 pedestrian, 73‑23
trench, 40‑10 type, geotechnical quality (fig), 83‑3 per pedestrian, 73‑22
wall, 40‑11 washing, 34‑20 permittivity of free, 34‑9
Small well-graded, 35‑2 -time diagram, 73‑20
angle approximation, 6‑3 Sol, G‑15 traffic, 73‑34
-diameter gravity sewer, 28‑4 Soldier, 39‑2 work, traffic, 73‑34
-diameter grouted pile, 38‑7 beam, 39‑7 Spacing, G‑15
SMAW process, 66‑1 pile, 39‑2, G‑15 bracing, 59‑3
Smog, 32‑15 Sole proprietorship, 88‑1 fire hydrant, 26‑26
photochemical, 32‑15 Solid gage, 60‑2
precursor, 32‑15 angle, 6‑7 hole, 65‑2
Smoke, 24‑12, 32-16 bowl centrifuge, 30‑20 molecule, 14‑2
opacity, 32‑16 contact unit, 26‑13 pitch, 60‑2
spot number, 24‑12, 32-16 density, 35‑8 stirrup, 50‑23
Smoothing, 87‑44 incineration, 34‑16 transverse joint, 77‑12
coefficient, 87‑44 settleable, 34‑24 vehicular, 73‑7
Smooth-wheeled roller, 35‑18 volatile, G‑17 Spalling, 76‑6
Snug-tightened connection, 65‑2 volume method, 49‑2 Span, 17‑42
Snyder hydrograph, 20‑11 volume method, concrete, 77‑2 shear, 50‑27
SO2 control, 24‑5 waste, 32‑2 Spandrel, 59‑2
SOC, 28‑15 waste, municipal, 31‑1 Sparging, 34‑21
Soda ash, 26‑16 Solidity, 80‑8 SPC, 11‑17
Sodium Solids, 28‑6, A‑181 Special
adsorption ratio, 25‑12 dissolved, 28‑6 case, polynomial, 3‑4
bicarbonate, relative proportion, 25‑12 fixed, 30‑4 condition, 46‑1
hazard, 25‑12 in water (see also type), 25‑9 damages, 88‑8
percent, 25‑12 nonvolatile, 30‑4 triangle, 6‑2
Soffit (ftn), 19‑29 refractory, 28‑6 Species, target, 85‑4
Soft residence time, 30‑4 Specific
material, 43‑2 suspended, 28‑6, 29‑3 activity, G‑15
water, 26‑17, 26‑18 total, 28‑6 area, filter, 29‑10
Softening volatile, 28‑6, 30‑4 capacity, 21‑4
ion exchange, 26‑18 washout, 30‑14 collection area, 34‑10
lime (ftn), 26‑16 Solubility, 31‑9, 34‑22 discharge, 21‑4
membrane, 26‑23 coefficient, 22‑10 downgrade, highway, 73‑14
point, Vicat, 43‑12 product, 22‑18 energy, 13‑1, 16‑2, 16‑10, 19‑16
precipitation, 22‑23, 26‑16, 26‑18 retrograde, G‑14 energy diagram (fig), 19‑16
energy, total (ftn), 16‑2
feed characteristic, 34‑12 rule, 79‑9 constant, combinations, 45‑22

force, 19‑16 runaway, 17‑38 dimple, G‑6
gravity, 14‑4, 35‑8 running, 73‑4 energy, 13‑3
gravity, apparent, 76‑9 space mean, 73‑4, G-15 ideal, 45‑22
gravity, apparent, asphalt mixture, G‑2 specific, 18‑13 index (ftn), 45‑22
gravity, bulk, 76‑9, 76‑10, G‑4 specific, turbine, 18‑25 in parallel, 45‑22
gravity, effective, 76‑9 surge wave, 17‑40 in series, 45‑22
gravity, maximum, 76‑9 synchronous, 18‑11, 84-15 perched, G‑12
growth rate, 28‑7 time mean, 73‑4 rate, 45‑22
growth rate, net, 28‑7 tip, 18‑5 scale, 45‑22, 85-15
heat, 13‑4 travel, 73‑5 stiffness, 45‑22
heat, gas, 24‑2 work, 13‑2 SPT value, 35‑16
heat, molar, 13‑4 SPF, 20‑7 Square matrix, 4‑2
heat, ratio of, 15‑14 Sphere, 7‑13 Square tubing, 61‑1
identification method, 87‑39 formula, A‑10 Squirrel-cage rotor, 84‑15
kinetic energy, 16‑2 unit, 6‑7 SSD condition, 49‑3
performance, 88‑4, 88‑6 Spherical SSF, 14‑7
permeability, 21‑2 coordinate system (fig), 7‑3 SSU, 14‑7
resistance, 34‑6 coordinate system (tbl), 7‑3 SSU (ftn), 18‑2
retention, 21‑4 defect, 6‑7 St. Venant torsional constant (ftn), 59‑4
roughness, 17‑5, A‑55 drop, 10‑11 Stability, 15‑18, 72‑2, 85‑2
roughness, pipe, A‑55 excess, 6‑7 asphalt mix, 76‑12
roughness (tbl), 17‑5 segment, A‑10 coefficient, 53‑3
speed, 18‑13 tank, 45‑7 constant, 22‑16
speed, suction, 18‑17 triangle, 6‑6 correlation factor, 76‑12
INDEX-S
speed, turbine, 18‑23, 18‑25 trigonometry, 6‑6 experiment, 11‑12
speed versus impeller design (tbl), Sphericity, 17‑45 Hveem, 76‑14
18‑14 Spheroid, 78‑7 index, Langelier, 26‑19
storage, G‑15 Spill index, Ryznar, 26‑20
substrate utilization, 30‑7 hazardous, 32‑16 Marshall, 76‑11
surface area, 29‑12 oil, 32‑12 number, 39‑3, 40‑8
upgrade, highway, 73‑14 Spillway, 19‑14 pavement, 76‑4
utilization, 30‑7 coefficient, 19‑14 relative, 28‑14
volume, 14‑4, 14‑6 dam, 19‑14 sand, cut, 39‑4
weight, 14‑6 ogee (ftn), 19‑14 slope, clay, 40‑8
weight, concrete, 48‑4 Spiral slope, Taylor chart, 40‑8
weight, equivalent, 37‑10 angle, 79‑20 Taylor slope (fig), 40‑8
yield, 21‑3, G‑15 column, 52‑2 water, 26‑19
Specification, 58‑5 curve, 79‑20 Stabilization, 32‑16
binder, 76‑16 curve (fig), 79‑20 contact, 30‑3
pipe, 16‑12 curve, desirable length, 79‑23 lagoon, 29‑4
Specifications curve, lane encroachment, 79‑22 pond, 29‑4
DOT geotextile, 40‑12 curve, length, 79‑21 sludge, 30‑16
kept intact, 82‑12 curve, maximum radius, 79‑22 surface, 32‑8
Specified cover (tbl), 50‑8 deflection angle, 79‑21 tank, 30‑3
Specimen, 43‑2 entrance, 79‑20 time, 28‑14
test (ftn), 43‑2 exit, 79‑20 treatment, 26‑19
SpecsIntact, 82‑12 tangent offset, 79‑21 water, 26‑21
Spectrum analyzer, 9‑8 wire, column, 52‑3 Stabilometer
Speed (see also type), 71‑3 Spitzglass formula, 17‑11 Hveem, 76‑14
adaptation, 75‑10 Splice length, minimum, 67‑7 test, 35‑32
average travel, 73‑4, 73‑13 Split value, 76‑14
balanced, 72‑9 beam tee construction (fig), 65‑9 Stable equilibrium, 72‑2
compression wave, 17‑40 chlorination, G‑15 Stack gas (see also Flue gas), 24‑13
control, motor, 84‑16 cylinder testing procedure, 48‑6 Stadia
crawl, 73‑4 mastic, 76‑30 interval, 78‑8
critical, 73‑7 process, 26‑17 interval factor, 78‑8
critical, shaft, 26‑12 spoon sampler, 35‑16 measurement, horizontal (fig), 78‑9
degradation on grade, 75‑9 Splitting tensile strength test, 48‑6 measurement, inclined (fig), 78‑9
design, 73‑3, 73‑5 Spoilage (ftn), 87‑39 method, 78‑8, G-15
driving, 75‑10 Spoils, 39‑2 reading, 78‑8
-flow relationship (fig), 73‑9 Sporozoans, 27‑8 survey, 78‑5
free-flow, 73‑4, 73-7, 73‑8, 73‑11 Spot Staff gauge, 19‑11
legal, 73‑4 speed, average, 73‑4 Stage, G‑15
limit, 73‑4 speed data, 73‑5 pump, 18‑5
limit, legal, 73‑4 speed study, 73‑5 Staged
linear, 13‑2 Spray -air burner system, 34‑21
linear (ftn), 13‑2 tower, 34‑2, 34‑21 combustion, 34‑21
mean, 73‑4, 73‑5 tower, packed bed (fig), 34‑3 -fuel burner system, 34‑21
median, 73‑5 tower absorber(fig), 34‑3 Stagnation
mode, 73‑5 Spread energy, 16‑4
normal, 72‑9 footing, 36‑2 point, 16‑5
of a jet, 17‑17 length, 76‑8 tube, 16‑5
of efflux, 17‑17 -tandem axle, 76‑19 Stainless
of reaction, 22‑14 Spreading, 75‑11 steel, A‑129
of sound, 14‑16 cracking, pavement, 76‑5 steel type (ftn), 22‑21
operating, 73‑4 rate, 76‑8 Stake (see also type), 78-9, 81‑1
parameter, traffic, 73‑3 Spring, 45‑22, G-15 abbreviations of, 81‑1
pedestrian, 73‑22 anticlinal, G‑2 alignment, 81‑3
rank, 73‑5 artesian, G‑2 cluster, 81‑1
regulation, 84‑12 constant, 44‑3, 45‑22 daylight, 81‑4
guard, 81‑3 testing, 82‑3 point (ftn), 85‑6

header, 81‑1 -writing organization, 82‑3 pump, 18‑3
hub, 81‑1 Standing wave, 19‑19, G-15 saturated, properties (tbl), A‑67, A‑75
location (fig), 81‑5 Stanton number (tbl), 1‑10 stripping, 34‑23
marking, 81‑1 Starvation demand, 73‑25 superheated, properties (tbl), A‑73,
marking abbreviation (tbl), 81‑2 State A‑81
reference point, 81‑1 fatigue limit (ftn), 74‑4 trap, 16‑15
slope, 81‑3 limit (ftn), 74‑4 trap, float, 16‑15
slope, marking determinant, 81‑4 oxidation, 22‑3 trap, inverted bucket, 16‑15
witness, 81‑3 plane coordinate system, 78‑5, 78‑7 trap, thermodynamic disc, 16‑15
Staking, 81‑1 service limit (ftn), 74‑4 trap, thermostatic, 16‑15
Stall standard, chemical, 22‑18 Steel, A‑128, A‑129
angle, 17‑42 strength limit (ftn), 74‑4 area, average (tbl), 51‑4
parking, 73‑23 Statement area, per foot of width, 51‑3
width, 73‑23 common size financial (ftn), 87‑35 balanced, area, 50‑6
Stand-alone navigational mode, GPS, 78‑6 of changes in financial position (ftn), bar, masonry, 67‑7
Standard 87‑35 beam, 59‑2, 59‑5
accounting principle (ftn), 87‑35 of income and retained earnings, 87‑35 beam, analysis, 59‑6
atmosphere, A‑66 Static beam, analysis flowchart (fig), 59‑7
atmosphere, SI, A‑5 analysis, 47‑2 beam, minimum cost, 50‑6, 55‑5
atmospheric pressure, 14‑3 balance, 70‑2 beam (fig), 59‑9
Building Code, 82‑1 discharge head, 18‑7 beam width, 50‑8
Building Code (ftn), 58‑5 discharge head (fig), 18‑7 blue-center, 45‑23
cash flow (fig), 87‑4 energy, 13‑4 boiler tubing dimensions, A‑54
cash flow factor, A‑194 energy (ftn), 16‑2
INDEX-S
carbon, 58‑1
circuit breaker, 84‑10 equilibrium, 15‑18 column, 61‑1
condition, 14‑4, 24‑2 equilibrium (ftn), 41‑7 compression member, 61‑1
condition, gaseous fuel, 24‑2 friction, 72‑6 connector, 58‑4
condition (ftn), 14‑4 friction, angle of, 72‑7 cover, 50‑8
contract, 88‑5 friction, coefficient of, 75‑6 deck (see also Metal deck), 57‑4
cost, 87‑38 GPS surveying, 78‑7 distribution (fig), 55‑5
cubic feet per minute, 30‑10 head, 18‑6 dual-certified, 58‑6
cubic foot, 24‑2 indeterminacy, degree of, 47‑7 fiber-reinforced concrete, 77‑14
design vehicle, 73‑3, 76‑19 pile composting, 30‑22 footing, minimum, 55‑4
deviation, 11‑13 pressure probe, 17‑28 formula, 20‑5
deviation of the sample (ftn), 11‑13 pressure tube, 15‑2 grade, 48‑9
dissolved oxygen, 28‑11 response, 44‑8 high-carbon, 58‑1
enthalpy of formation (tbl), 22‑19 roller, 76‑9 high-performance, 58‑6
error, 11‑13 suction head, 18‑7 high-strength, 58‑7
error of the mean, 11‑15 suction lift (fig), 18‑7 high-strength low-alloy, 58‑2
factory cost, 87‑38 Statical moment, 42‑3, 44‑11 low-carbon, 58‑1
flood, 20‑7 Statically maximum, area, 50‑6
form, 7‑9 determinate, 41‑8 mechanical property, 48‑9
girder, AASHTO-PCI, 56‑8 indeterminate, 41‑8, 46‑1 medium-carbon, 58‑1
gravity, 1‑2 Statics, 41‑2 member, composite, 64‑2
hoisting rope, 83‑10 indeterminate, 46‑1 mild-carbon, 58‑1
hole, 60‑3 Station minimum, area, 50‑6
hook, 50‑24 angle, 78‑14 modulus of elasticity, 48‑9
hook, masonry, 67‑7 back, 79‑4 monitor, 45‑22
hook (fig), 55‑6 control, 78‑7 nomenclature, 58‑1
motor, 84‑13 curve, around, 79‑3 pipe, 16‑11
normal curve, area under (tbl), A‑14 full, 78‑9 pipe, black, 16‑11
normal deviate, 11‑13 offset method, 79‑5 pipe, corrugated, 16‑12
normal table, 11‑7 plus, 78‑9 pipe dimensions, 16‑12, A‑36, A‑40
normal value, 11‑7, 11‑13, 11‑16 survey distance, 78‑9 pipe, galvanized, 16‑11
normal variable, 11‑13 triangulation, 78‑7 pipe, plain, 16‑11
normal variate, 11‑13 zero plus zero zero, 79‑3 pipe, pressure drop, water, A‑62
of care, 88‑7 Stationary pipe, water flow, 17‑10, A-62
of care (ftn), 88‑6 mixer, 49‑5 plow (ftn), 45‑22
orthographic view, 2‑2 phase, 27‑4 properties, A‑88
penetration resistance, 35‑16 Stationing, 78‑9 property, 58‑2
penetration test, 35‑16, 36‑7 ahead, 79‑4 quenched and tempered, 58‑2
pipe, 16‑12 back, 79‑4 rainfall coefficients, 20‑6
polynomial form, 3‑2 curve, 79‑3 rainfall region, 20‑5
project flood, 20‑7 forward, 79‑4 ratio, 50‑8, 50‑12
-rate filter, 29‑9 Statistic, chi-squared, 11‑8 ratio, prestressing, 56‑10
rod, 78‑10 Statistical rebar, area, 51‑3
sequence, 3‑12 error, terms, 85‑3 region, 20‑5
state, chemical, 22‑18 process control, 11‑17 -reinforced concrete (ftn), 15‑12
temperature and pressure, 14‑4, 24‑2 Stator pump, 18‑3 reinforcing, 48‑8, 50‑2
truck, 76‑19 Statute, 89‑1 reinforcing, pavement, 77‑8
truck, HL-93, 74‑5 of frauds (ftn), 88‑3 reinforcing wire, A‑150
truck load, 76‑19 Statutory rule, 89‑1 shape designation, 58‑3
truck loading, 76‑20 Stay-in-place formwork, 51‑9 shape designation (tbl), 58‑3
wastewater, 28‑16 Steady stainless, A‑129
weld symbol (fig), 66‑3 flow, 19‑2, 19‑15, G-15 structural, 58‑1, A‑128
Standards -flow energy equation, 16‑2 structural, properties, A‑128
drinking water, 25‑5, A-108 flow well, 21‑6 structural, property (tbl), 58‑2
fire resistance, 82‑5 -state operation, 11‑9 structural, types, A‑166
industrial wastewater, 29‑2 Steam temperature, 51‑2
national drinking water, 25‑5 friction loss, 17‑10 tension member, 60‑1
unit, 58‑1 characteristics, 20‑2 available, bearing, 65‑4

water pipe, 26‑26 design, 20‑5 available compressive, 62‑2
weathering, 58‑6 frequency, 20‑5 axial tensile, 60‑1
weathering (ftn), 58‑6 Stormwater modeling, 20‑24 beam, nominal shear, 50‑22
wire, joint, 67‑7 Story drift, 53‑3 bearing, available, 65‑4
wire gauge, 67‑8 STP (see also Standard temperature and breaking, 43‑3
Stem, retaining wall, 54‑3 pressure), 14‑4 coefficient, 43‑6, 76-22
Stenothermophile (tbl), 27‑6 gaseous fuel, 24‑2 compressive, 43‑8
Step Straddle bisection method, 12‑1 cracking, 40‑10
-flow aeration, 30‑3 creep, 43‑17
function, 10‑6 Straight crushing, 40‑10
interval, frequency distribution, 11‑11 angle, 6‑1 design, 50‑3, 50‑4, 52‑4, 59‑8
time, simulation, 75‑15 -line depreciation recovery, 87‑26 design allowable, 58‑5
STEP system, 28‑4 line error (ftn), 45‑22 design bearing, 61‑10
Stepped cash flow, 87‑10 line (fig), 7‑5 design (ftn), 44‑2
Steradian, 6‑7 -line method, 20-8, 87‑22, 87-26 design method, 45‑2, 50‑3
Sterilization, well, 21‑5 Strain, 43‑2, 44‑2 design model for composite beam (fig),
Sterilized well equipment, 21‑5 axial, 43‑5 64‑3
Stiff mixture, 48‑4 circumferential, 45‑7 design, wall, 54‑2
Stiffened element, 61‑6 creep, 43‑17 D-load, 40‑10
Stiffener, 59‑17 cyclic (ftn), 43‑10 endurance, 43‑10
beam, 44‑20 diametral, 45‑7 factor, 52‑4
bearing, 44‑20, 59‑18, 63‑2, 63‑4 elastic, 43‑2 fatigue, 43‑10
bearing, design, 63‑4 energy, 43‑7, 44‑3, 44‑13, 44‑16, 44‑18 flexural, 59‑5, 77-6
bearing (fig), 59‑18, 63‑5 energy method, beam deflection, 44‑16 flexural, available, 64‑2
INDEX-S
flange, 59‑18 energy method, truss deflection, 44‑18 fracture, 43‑3
flange (fig), 59‑18 engineering, 43‑2 laboratory, 40‑10
interior intermediate, 63‑3 gauge, 15‑2, 85‑9, 85‑14 law, Abrams’, 48‑4
intermediate, 44‑20, 59‑18, 63‑3, 63‑4 -hardening exponent, 43‑6 layer, 76‑21
intermediate, design, 63‑4 -hardening region, 48‑9 limit state (ftn), 74‑4
intermediate (fig), 63‑4 inelastic, 43‑3 limit states, 58‑5
Stiffness, 44‑3, 47‑14 lateral, 43‑5 lower yield, 43‑3
and rigidity (fig), 44‑3 limit, compression-controlled, 50‑5 material, 44‑2
flexural, 53‑4 log, 43‑6 nominal, 45‑2, 50‑4
method, 47‑3, 47‑10 net, 85‑12 proof, 45‑10, 45‑14
pipe, 16‑12 physical, 43‑6 reduction factor, 50‑4, 50‑5
reduction factor, axial load, 53‑4 plastic, 43‑3 reduction factor, AASHTO, 56‑6
reduction factor, lateral load, 53‑3 proportional, 43‑2 reduction factor for joint, AASHTO
ring, 16‑12 radial, 45‑7 (tbl), 56‑8
spring, 45‑22 rate of, 14‑7 reduction factor variation (fig), 50‑5
torsional, computation, 51‑8 sensitivity factor, 85‑9 required, 50‑3
Stilling basin, G‑15 shear, 43‑9 rupture, 43‑17
Stimulated production, 21‑5 thermal, 44‑4 shear, 43‑9, 59‑5, 63‑2
Stirrup, 50‑2, 50‑22 total, 43‑4 shear, concrete, 48‑7
anchorage, 50‑24 volumetric, 14‑15 shear, nominal concrete, 50‑22
spacing, 50‑23 Strand (see also Tendon), 56‑5 soil, 35‑26
U-shaped, 50‑24 structural, 45‑23 steel beam, 59‑2, 63‑2
Stochastic Strata, layered geological, 83‑3 steel beam, plate girder, 63‑1
critical path model, 86‑14 Strategic Highway Research Program, tensile, 43‑3, 58‑2
simulation, 20‑23 76‑16 ultimate, 43‑3, 45‑2
Stoichiometric Stratosphere, 15‑13 ultimate, pipe, 40‑10
air, 24‑10 Stratosphere (ftn), 15‑14 yield, 43‑3, 58‑2
combustion, 24‑10 Stratum, G‑15 Stress, 43‑2, 44‑2
quantity, 24‑10 Straw, 80‑11 allowable, 45‑2, 50‑3
reaction, 22‑9 Streaking, pavement, 76‑6 allowable, bending, 59‑15
Stoichiometry, 22‑9, G-15 Stream allowable, sheet piling (tbl), 39‑4
biological system, 27‑11 braided, G‑4 apparent yield, 43‑8
Stoke, 14‑9 coordinates, fluid (fig), 17‑19 axial, 35‑27
Stokes number (tbl), 1‑10 effluent, G‑6 bearing, 45‑13
Stokes’ law, 17‑44, 26‑5 ephemeral, G‑7 bending, 44‑11, 59‑2
Stone function, 17‑4 bending (fig), 44‑12
-filled asphalt, 76‑30 function, Lagrange, 17‑4 biaxial, 85‑12
mastic asphalt, 76‑30 gauging, 19‑2, G‑15 block, 50‑8
matrix asphalt, 76‑2, 76‑30 influence, G‑9 buckling, 61‑3
Stop sign versus signal, 73‑19 meandering, G‑10 circumferential, 45‑5, 45‑6
Stopping order, G‑15 combined, 44‑5
distance, 75‑7 potential function, 17‑4 combined (fig), 44‑6
sight distance, 75‑7, 79‑11, G-15 power, unit, G‑17 concentration, 44‑5
Storage Streamline, 16‑8, 21‑8 concentration, geometric, 44‑5
coefficient, 21‑3 analogy, stress concentration (fig), 44‑5 concentration, press-fit, 45‑9
constant, 21‑3 flow, 16‑8 concentration factor, 44‑5
depression, G‑6 Streamtube, 16‑8 concentration factor, fatigue, 43‑11
facility, 33‑2 Street, 73‑3 confining, 35‑27
indication method, 20‑23 inlet, 28‑5 contour chart, Boussinesq, A‑125,
pumped, 26‑26 urban, 73‑3, 73‑15 A‑126
specific, G‑15 Streeter-Phelps equation, 28‑11 corrosion cracking, 22‑21, 58-7
tank, 33‑1 Strength critical, 17‑13
tank, underground, 32‑16 acceptance testing, 49‑1 critical, beam, 59‑8
water, 26‑26 allowable bearing, 61‑10 cyclic (ftn), 43‑10
Storm analysis, doubly reinforced section, cylinder, thick-walled (tbl), 45‑6
century, 20‑5 50‑25 design, working, 45‑2
deviator, 35‑27 steel, type, 58‑1 Sudden

effective, 35‑14, 35‑28, 37‑10, 40‑5 steel, types, A‑166 contraction, 17‑14
engineering, 43‑2 strand, 45‑23 enlargement, 17‑14
Euler, 45‑3 tee, 61‑2 Sufficiency rating, bridge, 74‑2
extreme fiber, 44‑12 Structurally deficient, 74‑2 Sugar (tbl), 23‑2
extreme shear, 44‑6 Structure Sulfate
flexural, 44‑11 atomic, 22‑2 exposure category S, concrete, 48‑10
longitudinal, 45‑5 cell, 27‑1 -resistant portland cement, 48‑2
mean, 43‑10 composite, 44‑21 sulfur, 24‑4
neutral, 35‑14 sediment, 80‑11 Sulfide
normal, 44‑2 temporary, 83‑9 cadmium, 85‑5
overburden, 35‑14 Strut (fig), 39‑2 attack, 28‑6
physical, 43‑5 Stud Sulfur, 24‑4
principal, 44‑5 burn-off, 64‑4 -asphalt concrete, 76‑31
proof (ftn), 43‑4 connector, 64‑4 concrete, 76‑31
radial, 35‑27 headed, 64‑4 dioxide, 32‑16
ratio, cyclic, 40‑12 material, 58‑4 -extended concrete, 76‑31
relaxation, 56‑5 shear, 64‑4 in stack gas, 32‑4
-relaxation test, 43‑12 type B, 64‑4 low-, coal, 24‑5
riser, 44‑5 Student’s t-distribution, 11‑7, 11‑8, A-16 organic, 24‑4
-rupture test, 43‑17 Study replacement, 87‑19 oxide, 32‑16
shear, 44‑2 Subautogenous waste (ftn), 34‑11 point (ftn), 85‑6
shear, concrete beam, 50‑21 Subbase, G‑15 pyritic, 24‑4
shear, fluid, 14‑7 Sub-base mass diagram, 80‑7 sulfate, 24‑4
Subchapter C corporation, 88‑3
INDEX-S
-strain curve (fig), 43‑3, 43‑4 trioxide, 24‑4, 32‑4, 32‑16

-strain curve, concrete (fig), 48‑5 Subcontract, 88‑4 Sulfuric acid, 32‑4
-strain curve, ductile steel (fig), 48‑10 Subcritical flow, 19‑17, G-15 Sulfurous acid, 32‑16
-strain curve, structural steel (fig.), Subgrade, G‑15 Sulphex, 76‑31
58‑2 design confidence level (tbl), 76‑22 Sum
tangential, 45‑5 drain, 76‑31 -of-the-years’ digits depreciation, 87‑21
tendon, 56‑7 drain (fig), 76‑31 -of-the-years’ digits depreciation recov‑
tensile, axial, 60‑1 modulus, 35‑32 ery, 87‑27
tension, diagonal, 50‑21 modulus (fig), 77‑6 -of-the-years’ digits method, 87‑27
total, 35‑14 parameter comparison (tbl), 76‑22 Sunk cost, 87‑3
yield, 17‑13, 43‑3, 58‑2 reaction, modulus of, 35‑32, 76-21 Super high-rate filter, 29‑9
Strickler equation (ftn), 19‑4 reaction, modulus of, Westergaard, Superchlorination, 26‑16, G‑16
Strict liability in tort, 88‑7 77‑6 Supercritical flow, 19‑17, G‑16
Stringer, 39‑2, 59‑2, G‑15 value (tbl), 77‑7 Superelevation, 72‑9, 79‑7, G‑16
Strip Subjective safety, 75‑2 (ftn), 72‑9
column, slab, 51‑6 Submain, G‑15 railroad, 79‑10
footing, 36‑2 Submatrix, 4‑1 rate, 72‑9, 79‑7
middle, slab, 51‑6 Submerged runoff, 79‑9
surcharge, 37‑9 arc weld, 66‑2 runoff rate, 79‑9
Stripper, air, 34‑21 density, 35‑8, 36‑8 total, 72‑9
Stripping fraction, 15‑16 transition, 79‑8
-AC process (fig), 34‑4 mode, 19‑15 transition distance, 79‑9
air, 29‑13, 34‑21 pipelines, 15‑17 transition rate, 79‑9
ammonia, 28‑15, 29‑14 rectangular weir, 19‑12 Superficial
factor, 34‑22 scraper conveyor, 32‑5 face velocity, 34‑5
pavement, 76‑6 Subset, 11‑1 velocity, 21‑4
steam, 34‑23 proper, 11‑1 Superheated steam properties (tbl), A‑73,
Stripping (ftn), 34‑2 Subsonic A‑81
Strong flow regime (ftn), 14‑16 Superior performing asphalt pavement,
axis, 59‑2 travel, 14‑16 76‑16
axis bending, 59‑5 Substance Superload rating level, bridge, 74‑3
material, 43‑2 target, 34‑2, 85-4 Supernatant, 30‑15, 30‑17, G-16
Strouhal number (tbl), 1‑10 type, reaction, 22‑14 Superpave, 76-2, 76‑16
Struck capacity, 80‑9 Substantial impairment, 82‑9 binder grade (tbl), 76‑3
Structural, 47‑2 Substitution, linear equation, 3‑8 Superplasticizer, 48‑3
aluminum, A‑128 Substrate, 28‑7, 85-9, G-16 Superposition, 44‑18
aluminum, properties, A‑128 utilization, rate of, 30‑7 force, 41‑17
bolt, 65‑1 utilization, specific, 30‑7 load, 41‑17
cell, 41‑13 Subsurface method, 46‑4
compression member cross section flow, 20‑7 of cash flow, 87‑10
(fig), 61‑2 runoff, G‑16 theorem, 10‑7
design, flexible pavement, 76‑17 water, 21‑2 Supersaturated solution (ftn), 22‑11
magnesium, A‑128 Subtitle Supersonic travel, 14‑16
number, 76‑18 C, 31‑3 Supplementary
number, pavement, 76‑22 C landfill, 31‑3 angle, 6‑2
plate, corrugated steel pipe, 16‑13 D landfill, 31‑3 unit (tbl), 1‑6
rope, 45‑23 Suburban Supplier, dealing with, 89‑3
section, G‑15 area, 73‑3, 73‑4 Supplier’s lien, 88‑6
shape, 60‑1 survey, 78‑5 Supply operating, 87‑34
shape designation, 58‑3 Success, probability, 11‑3 Support
shape designation (tbl), 58‑3 Successive trial, 11‑5 lateral, 59‑2, 59‑3
steel, 58‑1, A-128 Suction, 18‑4 membrane, 40‑11
steel, properties, A‑128 head, net positive, 18‑15 pinned, 41‑7
steel, properties, high temperature, head, total, 18‑6 roller, 41‑7
A‑167 side, centrifugal pump, 18‑2 simple, 41‑7
steel, property (tbl), 58‑2 specific speed, 18‑17 two-dimensional (tbl), 41‑8
steel, stress-strain curve (fig), 58‑2 specific speed available, 18‑17 type (tbl), 41‑8
Supported membrane, 31‑4 Sutro weir, 19‑15 fall arrest, 83‑7

Suppressed weir, 19‑12 SVI, 30‑11, 30‑13 force, 41‑6
Surcharge, 15‑13, G-16 Swale, G‑16 force-couple, 41‑4
line, 37‑9 Swamee-Jain equation, 17‑6 general ledger (ftn), 87‑35
point load, 37‑9 Sweet mixture, concrete, 48‑2 general three-dimensional, 41‑6
soil, 37‑9 Swell, 35‑14, 40‑5, 80-9 inconsistent, 3‑8
strip, 37‑9 (soil), 80‑1 indeterminate (fig), 41‑8
uniform load, 37‑9 factor, 80‑1 k-out-of-n, 11‑10
Surcharged sewer, G‑16 Swelling, 35‑26 linear, 71‑2
Surface index, 35‑26, 40‑5 linear force, 41‑5
-acting agent (ftn), 32‑8 Swing check valve, 16‑13 linear force (fig), 41‑5
area factor, 76‑7 Switching, fuel, 32‑16 manual bookkeeping (ftn), 87‑35
area method, 76‑7 Symbols, 3‑1 metric, 1‑4
Class A, 65‑3 elements, A‑92 mks, 1‑5
Class B, 65‑3 geotextile, A‑119 MLθT, 1‑8
detention, G‑16 piping, A‑51 numbering, 3‑1
faying, 22‑21, 65-3 soil boring, A‑119 open-loop recovery, 34‑4
finish, 2‑4, 65-4 USCS, A‑119 parallel, 11‑10
finish (fig), 43‑11 well, A‑119 parallel force, 41‑6
finish factor, 43‑11 Symmetrical performance curve, 18‑18
finish reduction factor, endurance even (tbl), 9‑8 periodic inventory, 87‑39
strength (fig), 43‑11 full-wave (tbl), 9‑8 perpetual inventory, 87‑39
flow, 20‑7 function, 7‑4 point of sale, 87‑39
flow (ftn), 20‑7 half-wave (tbl), 9‑8 rectangular coordinate, 7‑3
matrix, 4‑2
INDEX-T
free, 16‑6 rectilinear, 71‑2
frictionless, 41‑7 odd (tbl), 9‑8 redundant, 11‑10
loading, 26-6, 29‑8, 29‑10 quarter-wave (tbl), 9‑8 resultant force-couple, 41‑4
loading rate, 29‑8 waveform (tbl), 9‑8 separate, G‑14
of revolution, 9‑5 Symmetry serial, 11‑10
of revolution (fig), 42‑3 curve, type, 7‑4 sexagesimal, 78‑7
recycling, 76‑29 half-wave, 7‑4 staged-air burner, 34‑21
retention, G‑16 odd, 7‑4 staged-fuel burner, 34‑21
runoff, 20‑7, 32-15, G-16 rotational, 7‑4 time, 73‑29
runoff (ftn), 20‑7 Synchronous unit, 1‑2
sealing, 77‑13 capacitor, 84‑16 voltage (ftn), 84‑5
stabilization, 32‑8 motor, 84‑16 Systematic error, 85‑2
temperature, 10‑10 speed, 18‑11, 84-15
tension, 14‑12 Syndet, 25‑8 T
wave, 19‑19 Syngas, 24‑6, 24‑8 t
Surfactant, 32‑8 tire-made, 32‑16 -distribution, A‑16
Surficial, G‑16 Synthesis, 22‑7 -distribution, Student’s, 11‑8
Surge hydrograph, 20‑13 T
chamber, 17‑41, 18‑26 organic compound, 23‑3 -beam design, 50‑18
pressure, pump, 49‑8 Synthetic -delta rosette, 85‑13
tank, 17‑41 asphalt, 76‑31 -factor, 73‑9
wave, 19‑19 detergent, 25‑8 T250 temperature, 24‑3
wave speed, 17‑40 gas, 24‑6, 24‑8 Table
Survey (see also type), 78-5 hydrograph, 20‑11 cumulative frequency, 11‑11
class, 78‑5 latex, 76‑6 divided difference (ftn), 12‑3
geodetic, 78‑5 membrane, 31‑4 factor, A‑194, A‑195
marshland, 78‑5 membrane liner, 31‑4 groundwater, 37‑10, 40‑5
mountain, 78‑5 organic chemical, 28‑15 lookup method, beam deflection, 44‑18
photogrammetric, 78‑6 polymer, 26‑9 of indefinite integrals, A‑11
plane, 78‑5 resin, 22‑24 of integrals (ftn), 9‑1
plane table, 78‑5 textured, 31‑4 periodic, 22‑2, A-93
rural, 78‑5 unit hydrograph, 20‑11, 20‑12 precedence, 86‑10
stadia, 78‑5 unit hydrograph, Espey, 20‑13 standard normal, 11‑7
suburban, 78‑5 zeolite, 26‑18 water, G‑17
total station, 78‑5 System Tacheometric distance measurement, 78‑8
urban, 78‑5 Absolute English, 1‑4 Tacheometry, 78‑8
zoned, 78‑5 accrual, 87‑35 Tack coat, G‑16
Surveying, 78‑1, 78‑2 bookkeeping, 87‑35 Tail
method, 78‑5 budgeting, 86‑5 curve, 11‑7
plane, 78‑1 Cartesian coordinate, 7‑3 race, 18‑26, G-16
position, 78‑7 cash, 87‑35 Tailwater, 18‑26, G-16
route, 78‑9 cgs, 1‑4, 1‑5 depression, 18‑26
static GPS, 78‑7 closed-loop recovery, 34‑4 Takeoff, 86‑3
Surveyor’s collinear force, 41‑6 viewer, 86‑3
chain, 78‑8 combined, G‑5 Tandem
tape correction (tbl), 78‑8 concurrent force, 41‑6 curb parking geometry (fig), 73‑23
transit, 78‑12 consistent, 3‑7 parking, 73‑23
Susceptance, 84‑6 consistent unit, 1‑2 seal, 34‑16
Susceptibility, frost, G‑8 coordinate, 7‑3, 71-2 Tangency, point of, 79‑4
Suspended coplanar force, 41‑6 Tangent
metal, in wastewater, 28‑16 curve (fig), 18‑19 ahead, 79‑2
solids, 28‑6, 29‑3 dependent, 71‑12 back, 79‑2
solids, age, 30‑4 double-entry bookkeeping, 87‑35 bulk modulus, 14‑15
solids, mixed liquor, 30‑4 double-liner, 31‑3 curve, 79‑2
solids, mixed liquor volatile, 30‑4 English engineering, 1‑2 departure, 79‑2
Suspension, 22‑11 English gravitational, 1‑4 distance, 79‑5
Sustainable development, ethics, 89‑4 factor, 74‑5 distance (tbl), 79‑2
forward, 79‑2 Taxiway, 73‑32 typical cross section for seven-wire

hyperbolic, 6‑5 airport, 79‑23 presetressing, (fig), 56‑5
law of, 6‑6 high-speed, 73‑32 unbonded, 56‑2
modulus, 48‑5 Taxonomy, G‑16 Tensile
offset, 79‑5 Taylor capacity, pile, 38‑5
offset (fig), 79‑6 slope stability (fig), 40‑8 ductile failure, type (fig), 43‑5
offset, spiral, 79‑20 slope stability chart, 40‑8 force, 41‑18
plane, 8‑5 strain, net, 50‑5
point, 7‑2 Taylor’s strength, 43‑3, 58‑2
resistance, 75‑5 formula, 8‑8 strength, splitting, 48‑6
runoff, 79‑9 series, 8‑8, 8‑9 strength test, splitting (fig), 48‑6
runout, 79‑9 TCLP, 32‑2 stress, 60‑1, 65‑4
Tangential, 71‑10 Technique, safety management, 75‑11 stress limit, prestressed concrete,
acceleration, 71‑8 Technology AASHTO (tbl), 56‑8
stress, 45‑5 best available, 34‑2 test, 43‑2
turbine (ftn), 18‑23 best available control, 34‑2 test performance, typical, plastic (fig),
velocity, 18‑24, 71-8 maximum available control, 34‑2 43‑12
wheel (ftn), 18‑23 reasonably available control, 34‑2 zone, bridge beam (fig), 56‑8
Tangible personal property (ftn), 87‑21 Tee-beam (see also T-beam), 50‑18 Tensiometer, 21‑2
Tank Telecommunication device for the deaf, Tension
above-ground storage, 33‑1 82‑10 cable, 72‑13
aeration, 30‑9 Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS), cable, guardrail, 75‑14
contact, 30‑3 82‑10 cable, suspended mass (fig), 72‑14
detritus, 29‑5 Telescope, 78‑10 connection, 65‑6
connection, concentric, 66‑4
INDEX-T
discharge, 17‑17 Telescopic instrument, 78‑5

discharge (fig), 17‑18 Teletypewriter, 82‑10 connection, nonconcentric, 66‑5
pressurized, 17‑19 Temperature -controlled section, 50‑5
reactor, 34‑7 adiabatic flame, 24‑16 direct-, indicating, 45‑14
sedimentation, 26‑6 air, mean annual, 76‑17 field action, 63‑2, 63‑4
septic, 29‑2 and pressure, normal, 24‑2 field action equation, 63‑4
skimming, 29‑7 asphalt (fig), 76‑11 force, 41‑18
spherical, 45‑7 autoignition, 24‑9 member, 60‑1, 60‑6
stabilization, 30‑3 average daily air, 49‑6 member (fig), 60‑1
storage, 33‑1 coefficient, 85‑5 member analysis, 60‑4
surge, 17‑41 combustion, 24‑16 member analysis (fig), 60‑5
thick-walled (see also Cylinder, thick‑ conversion, SI, A‑6 member design, 60‑6
walled), 45‑6 deflection, 43‑12 member design, LRFD (fig), 60‑7
thin-walled, 45‑5 detectors, resistance, 85‑5 member, staggered holes (fig), 60‑2
time to empty, 17‑20 dissociation (ftn), 24‑16 member, uniform thickness, unstag‑
underground, 32‑16 ductile transition, 43‑15 gered holes (fig), 60‑2
upflow, 26‑13 effect on output, 85‑13 member, unstaggered row of holes
Tap, 85‑3 flame, 24‑16 (fig), 60‑2
hole, 15‑2 flue gas, 24‑14 pier (fig), 44‑13
Tape fracture appearance transition, 43‑16 pile, 38‑5
steel, 78‑8 fracture transition, plastic, 43‑15 steel, extreme, 50‑5
survey, 78‑8 ignition, 24‑9 steel (fig), 50‑5
Taper, 73‑33 maximum flame (ftn), 24‑16 stress, diagonal, 50‑21
channelization, 73‑33 maximum theoretical combustion, surface, 14‑12
downstream, 73‑33 24‑16 Tensioned soil pressure, 37‑2
length, 73‑33 net stack, 24‑15 Tensor, 5‑1
length criteria (tbl), 73‑34 paving, 76‑7 Term
merging, 73‑33 range, bacterial growth, 27‑6 confinement, 55‑6
nonmerging, 73‑33 reaction, 22‑14 general, 3‑11
parabolic, 79‑5 reference, 85‑6 in a sequence, 3‑11
shifting, 73‑33 rise, 13‑4 Terminal
shoulder, 73‑33 steel, 51‑2 pavement serviceability index, 76‑20
two-way traffic, 73‑33 surface, 10‑10 point, 5‑1
Tapered T250, 24‑3 serviceability index, 76‑18
aeration, 30‑3 transition, 43‑15 value, 87‑17
diameter changes, 17‑14 variation constant, 28‑8 velocity, 17‑45, 72-20
energy, 26‑13 Temporary Terms
flocculation, 26‑13 benchmark, 78‑8 harmonic, 9‑7
Tapeworm, 27‑8 berm, 80‑10 separation of, 9‑3
Taping, 78‑8 hardness, 22‑23, G-16 Ternary
Tar slope drain, 80‑11 acid, 22‑5
coal, epoxy, 16‑12 structure, 83‑9 compound, 22‑4
pipe coating, 16‑12 traffic control, 73‑32 Tertiary
Target traffic control zone, 73‑32 compound, 22‑4
optimum asphalt content, 76‑12 traffic control zone section (fig), 73‑33 creep, 43‑17
species, 85‑4 Ten States’ Standards, 28‑2, 30‑6, A-117 pond, 29‑4
substance, 34-2, 85‑3 Tendency, central, 11‑12 treatment, 29‑3
Targeted chlorination, 32‑7 Tender mix, 76‑6 Terzaghi
Task, driving, 75‑9 Tendon, 39‑5 bearing capacity factor, 36‑3
Taste in water, 26‑15 AASHTO concrete compressive stress factor, 36‑4
Tax limit, prestressing (tbl), 56‑8 factor (tbl), 36‑3
bracket, 87‑25 aramid, 56‑5 -Meyerhof equation, 36‑3
credit, 87‑26 bonded, 56‑2 Test (see also type)
Taxation corrosion, 56‑5 ASTM, soil (tbl), 35‑17
check the box (ftn), 88‑3 prestress, 56‑3 Atterberg limit, 35‑4, 35‑22
double, 88‑2 prestressing, ASTM (tbl), 56‑6 BOD, 27‑9, 28-9
stress, 56‑7 Brinell hardness, 43‑14
CD, 35‑28 dye penetrant, 82‑4 Thickening

Charpy, 43‑15 hypothesis, 75‑12 batch gravity, 30‑15
chi-squared, 75‑12 laboratories, 82‑3 dissolved air flotation, 30‑16
comparison, 3‑13 magnetic particle, 82‑4 gravity, 30‑15
concrete strength, 49‑1 Marshall (fig), 76‑14 gravity belt, 30‑16
cone penetrometer, 35‑17 nuclear gauge, 76‑10 sludge, 30‑15
confined compression, 35‑24 standards, 82‑3 Thickness
confirmed, G‑5 ultrasonic, 82‑4 base plate, 61‑11
consolidated-drained, 35‑28 Textured synthetic cap, 31‑4 effective throat, 45‑15
consolidated-undrained, 35‑28 Thaw, freeze/, 48‑10 minimum, asphalt (tbl), 76‑25
consolidation, 35‑24 Theis equation, 21‑7 minimum, pavement, 76‑22, 76‑26
constant-head, 35‑23 Theodolite, 78‑10, 78‑12, G-16 Thiem equation, 21‑6
CPT, 35‑17 Theorem, 10‑6 Thiessen method, 20‑2
CU, 35‑28 Bayes’, 11‑4 Thin
destructive, 43‑15, 82-4 binomial, 3‑3 overlay, 77‑14
direct shear, 35‑26 Buckingham pi-, 1‑9 -walled tank, 45‑5
double-ring infiltration, 21‑10 buoyancy, 15‑15 -walled tank, stress in (fig), 45‑5
falling-head, 35‑24 Cauchy-Schwartz, 5‑3 Thiobacillus, 28‑6
fatigue, 43‑10 central limit, 11‑15 Third
field density, 35‑21 de Moivre’s, 3‑9 moment about the mean, 11‑14
fire resistivity, 82‑4 Green’s, 2‑4 -point loading, 48‑6
for convergence, 3‑13 Kutta-Joukowsky, 17‑43 -point loading flexure test, 77‑6
hardness, 43‑14 linearity, 10‑6 Thixotropic
hardness (tbl), 43‑16 of calculus, fundamental, 9‑4 fluid, 14‑8
Hveem’s resistance value, 35‑32 of Fourier, 9‑7 liquid, 14‑8
INDEX-T
hydrometer, 35‑2 of Pappus, 9‑5 Thixotropy, G‑16
hypothesis, 11‑16 of Pappus-Guldinus, 42‑3 THM, 25‑11
impact, 43‑15 parallel axis, 42‑4, 42‑5, 70-2 Thompson effect (ftn), 85‑8
in-place density, 35‑21 perpendicular axis, 42‑6 Thoracic fraction, 32‑7
Knoop, 43‑15 Pythagorean, 6‑2 Thread
laboratory settling column, 26‑6 superposition, 10‑7 angle, helix, 45‑15
Los Angeles abrasion, 76‑4 time-shifting, 10‑7 half angle, 45‑15
Marshall mix design (fig), 76‑15 transfer axis, 42‑5 Threaded
Meyer, 43‑15 Varignon’s, 41‑3 fitting (ftn), 17‑13
Meyer-Vickers, 43‑15 Theoretical member, tension, 60‑6
Mohs, 43‑14 horsepower, 17‑16 Three
nondestructive, 43‑13, 43‑15, 82-4 yield, 22‑9 -dimensional equilibrium, 41‑22
oedometer, 35‑24 Theory -dimensional mensuration, A‑10
penetration, 35‑16 Coulomb earth pressure, 37‑3, 37‑5 -edge bearing test, 16‑12
penetration, standard, 36‑7 distortion energy, 43‑9 -force member, 41‑7
permeability, 35‑23 log-spiral, 37‑3 -moment equation, 46‑5
plastic, 43‑11 maximum shear stress, 43‑9 -phase electricity, 84‑11
plate bearing value, 35‑32 Prandtl’s boundary layer, 17‑47 -phase signal, 73‑15
power of the, 11‑15 probability, 11‑3 -reservoir problem, 17‑24
presumptive, G‑13 queuing, 73‑29 Threshold
Proctor, 35‑18, 35‑19 Rankine earth pressure, 37‑2, 37‑5 level value, 83‑5
proof, 11‑9 von Mises, 43‑9 odor number, 26‑16, G-16
Q-, 35‑28 Therm (unit), 13‑2 vector, 31‑5
quick, 35‑28 Thermal Throat
R-, 35‑28 ballast, 34‑13 effective weld, 45‑15
ratio, 3‑13 coefficient of expansion (ftn), 14‑14 size, effective, 45‑15
rebound, 43‑15 cracking, 24‑2 thickness, 66‑2
Rockwell hardness, 43‑14 deflection temperature, 43‑12 thickness, effective, 45‑15
S-, 35‑28 deformation, 44‑4 Throttling
Scleroscopic hardness, 43‑15 desorption, 34‑23 discharge (fig), 18‑19
scratch hardness, 43‑14 efficiency, 24‑17 service, 16‑13
Shore hardness, 43‑15 energy (ftn), 13‑4 Thumb penetration test, 83‑3
sieve, 35‑2 expansion, area (fig), 44‑4 Tie, 39‑5
single strength, 49‑2 expansion, coefficient, 44‑4 bar, pavement, 77‑8
sliding plate viscometer, 14‑7 load, 47‑3 bar spacing, pavement, 77‑8
slow, 35‑28 -mechanical controlled processing, 58‑7 bar spacing, pavement (fig), 77‑11
slump, 48‑4 NOx, 32‑10 bar spacing, PCC pavement (fig), 77‑8
soil, standard, 35‑16 resistance, coefficient, 85‑7 form, 49‑7
specimen (ftn), 43‑2 strain, 44‑4 lateral, masonry column, 69‑2
splitting tensile strength, 48‑7 Thermistor, 85‑6 pintle, 68‑18
SPT, 35‑16 Thermocline, G‑16 rod, 39‑5
stabilometer, 35‑32 Thermocouple, 85‑6 wall, 68‑16
stress-rupture, 43‑17 constants, A‑192 Tieback, 39‑5
tensile, 43‑2 material, 85‑8 Tied
third-point loading flexure, 77‑6 thermoelectric constants, A‑192 bulkhead, 39‑5
three-edge bearing, 16‑12 Thermodynamic disc steam trap, 16‑15 column, 52‑2
torsion, 43‑9 Thermoelectric constant, 85‑7, A-192 Tile
triaxial, 35‑27 Thermometer, resistance, 85‑5 bed, 29‑2
ultrasonic, 43‑15 Thermophile (tbl), 27‑6 field, 29‑2
unconfined compressive strength, 35‑30 Thermophilic bacteria, G‑16 Till, G‑16
unconsolidated-undrained, 35‑28 Thermopile, 85‑7 glacial, G‑8
UU, 35‑28 Thermostatic steam trap, 16‑15 Time (see also type)
vane-shear, 35‑30 Thick base, 20‑7
Vickers, 43‑15 -walled cylinder, 45‑6 bed residence, 34‑7
Testing -walled cylinder, stress in (fig), 45‑6 braking perception-reaction, 75‑7
boiler feedwater, 22‑25 constant, 3‑12
-cost trade-off, 86‑9 Tonnage, 74‑2 station, automatic, 78‑5

crash, 86‑10 rating, railroad, 75‑5 station, manual, 78‑5
decoloration, 28‑14 TON (see Threshold odor number), 26‑16, station survey, 78‑5
-dependent loss, 56‑4 G-16 strain, 0.5%, 43‑4
detention, 26‑6, 29-7 Tonne, 1‑7 stress, 35‑14
doubling, 3‑12, 87-8 Top suction head, 18‑6, 18‑7
doubling, interest rate (tbl), 87‑9 cap, 31‑4 superelevation, 72‑9
e-folding, 3‑12 chord, 61‑2 suspended solids, 25‑9
exposure, 34‑9 plate construction (fig), 65‑9 volatile solids, 25‑10
factor, 40‑6 tower, crane, 83‑10 Tough material, 43‑2, 43‑7
factors, consolidation, 40‑6 Topographic Toughness, 43‑7, 43‑15, 58‑2
filtration, 34‑6 map, 78‑22 elastic, 43‑7
float, 86‑12 map (fig), 78‑23 modulus of, 43‑7
hydraulic detention, 30‑9 map symbols (fig), 78‑22 notch, 43‑15
lag, 20‑12 Topography, G‑16 test, 43‑15
lost, 73‑16 Torque, 41‑2, 47‑3 Tower
mean cell residence, 30‑8 bolt, 45‑14 cooling, 32‑7
mean residence, 29-8, 32‑10 coefficient, 45‑15 crane, 83‑10
mean speed, 73-4, G‑16 conversion, SI, A‑6 crane (fig), 83‑10
mission, 11‑9 electrical motor, 84‑12 oxidation, 29‑9
of concentration, 20-3, G‑16 hydrostatic, 15‑12 packed, 34‑3, 34‑21
perception-reaction, 79‑11 meter, 85‑14, 85‑15 spray, 34‑2, 34‑21
per unit, average, 87‑44 on a gate, 15‑12 top, crane, 83‑10
periodic, 72‑21 pump shaft, 18‑12 tray, 34‑21
PIEV, 75‑7 Town gas (ftn), 24‑8
INDEX-T
shaft, 45‑15
PRT, 75‑7 Torr, A‑5 Township, 78‑21, G-16
residence, 34‑9 Torricelli equation, 17‑17 number, 78‑21
retention, 26‑6, 29-8 Torricelli’s speed of efflux, 17‑17 subdivision (fig), 78‑21
retention, hydraulic, 30‑8 Torsion Toxaphene, 32‑13
rule, 79‑9 angle, 43‑9, 45‑16 Toxic air, 32‑2
-series analysis (ftn), 9‑8 balance, Du Nouy (ftn), 14‑12 Toxicity (in fish), 25‑9
service, 73‑29 dynamometer, 85‑14 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
-shifting theorem, 10‑7 noncircular shape, 45‑18 (TCLP), 32‑2
slack, 86‑12 shell, 45‑17 Toxin, G‑16
-space diagram, 73‑20 solid member, 45‑17 Trace organic, 29‑3
-space diagram bandwidth (fig), 73‑21 test, 43‑9 Tracking, fast, 86‑10
-space diagram construction (fig), Torsional Tract, 78‑21
73‑21 axis, 45‑18 Tractive
stabilization, 28‑14 buckling, 59‑4, 61‑2 effort, 75‑3
system, 73‑29 buckling, lateral, 59‑3 force, 75‑3
to double, 87‑8 center, 45‑18 force, locomotive, 75‑5
to empty tank, 17‑20 constant, 59‑4 Trade
to peak, 20‑11 eccentricity, 45‑18 -in allowance, 87‑19
to triple, 87‑8 shear, 66‑6 -in allowance, difference, 87‑19
tripling, 87‑8 stiffness, computation, 51‑8 Traditional organochlorine pesticide, 32‑13
tripling, interest rate (tbl), 87‑9 Tort, 88‑7 Traditionality, 75‑11
value of money, 87‑5 action, 88‑7 Traffic
waiting, 73‑29 strict liability in, 88‑7 -activated timing, 73‑21
-weighted average, 83‑8 Torus formula, A‑10 signal, resonant cycle, 73‑18
Timing Torvane shear vane test, 83‑3 space, 73‑34
on demand, 73‑21 Total volume data, 75‑17
traffic-activated, 73‑21 active resultant, 37‑4 Traffic (see also type), 73‑4, 76‑17
Tip air void, 76‑10 -activated controller, 73‑21
resistance, 38‑2 coliform, 27‑9 calming, 73‑28
speed, 18‑5 cost, 87‑34 control, temporary, 73‑32
Tipping fee, 31‑2 density, soil, 35‑8 control zone, temporary, 73‑32
Tire discharge head, 18‑7 design, 76‑18
coefficient of friction, 75‑6 dissolved solids, 25‑10 recorder, automatic, 73‑6
-derived fuel, 24‑4 dissolved solids (tbl), 26‑20 Trailer, aggregate, 80‑10
discarded, 32‑16 dynamic head, 18‑8 Train, cold, 76‑29
Titania (ftn), 24‑3 energy, 16‑2, 16‑4 Tranquil flow, 19‑17, G-16
Titration, 25‑2 energy line, 17‑17 Transaction, short-term, 87‑3
TKN, 28‑15 fixed solids, 25‑10 Transcendental
Toe, 37‑13 float, G‑16 function, circular, 6‑2
circle failure, 40‑8 hardness, 22‑23 function, derivative, 8‑2
dam, 15‑12 head, 16‑3, 18‑6, 18‑7 function integral of, 9‑1
excavation, 39‑2 head added, 18‑8 Transducer, 15‑2, 85-3
kick-out, 39‑5 incidence rate, 83‑2 potentiometer, 85‑3
retaining wall, 54‑4 Kjeldahl nitrogen, 28‑15 Transfer
wash-out, 39‑5 lime, 26‑9 axis theorem, 42‑5
Tolerance, 2‑4 metal (in wastewater), 28‑16 efficiency, 26‑5
Ton, 1‑7 nitrogen, 25‑9, 28-15 efficiency, oxygen, 30‑9
explosive, 1‑7 phosphorous, 25‑8 heat, 30‑18
freight, 1‑7 pressure, 16‑3, 37-10 load, 77‑7
long, 1‑7, A-5 rainfall, 20‑18 truck, 80‑10
measurement, 1‑7 ramp density, 73‑10 unit, 34‑22
metric, 1‑7 removed fraction, 26‑7 unit, height of, 34‑22
of explosive power, 1‑7 residual chlorine, 32‑7, 34‑8 unit method, 34‑22
of refrigeration, A‑6 residual oxidant, 29‑14 units, number, 34‑19
refrigeration, 1‑7 solids, 25‑9, 28-6
short, 1‑7, A-5 specific energy (ftn), 16‑2
Transform Trash, 24‑4 Triazine, 32‑13

fast Fourier, 9‑8 rack, 26‑3, 29-5 Trichlorophenol, 25‑11
Laplace, 10-6, A‑13 Trashphalt, 76‑31 Trickling filter, 29‑9
Transformation Travel Trigonometric
coefficient of, 5‑3 hypersonic, 14‑16 form, 3‑8
matrix, 5‑3 speed, 73‑5 function, 6‑2
Transformed moment of inertia, 50‑15 supersonic, 14‑16 functions in a unit circle (fig), 6‑3
Transformer, 84‑6 transonic, 14‑16 identity, 6‑2, 6‑4, 6‑5, 6‑6
Transgranular, 22‑21 Traveled Trigonometry, spherical, 6‑6
Transit, 78‑10, 78‑12 distance, 71‑3 Trihalomethane, 25‑11
engineer’s, 78‑12 way, G‑16 Trihedral angle, 6‑6
rule, 78‑16 Traverse, 78‑14 Trilateration, 78‑6
surveyor’s, 78‑12 angle (fig), 78‑14 Trimetric view, 2‑3
Transition area, 78‑17 Trioxide, sulfur, 24-4, 32‑16
channel, 19‑17 closed, 78‑14 Trip generation, 73‑6
curve, 79‑20 closure, 78‑15 Triphosphate, adenosine, G‑1
distance, superelevation, 79‑9 closure (fig), 78‑16 Triple
element, 22‑3 closure error (tbl), 78‑5 cross product, 5‑5
metal, 22‑3 Crandall rule balancing, 78‑16 integral, 9‑3
metal (ftn), 22‑3 least squares balancing, 78‑16 product, mixed, 5‑5
rate, 79‑9 open, 78‑14 scalar product, 5‑5
region, 16‑8 partial (fig), 78‑17 Triplex pump, 18‑3
section, 50‑5 pitot tube, G‑13 Tripling
superelevation, 79‑8 Tray tower, 34‑21 time, 87‑8, 87‑9
temperature, 43‑15 time, interest rate (tbl), 87‑9
INDEX-T
Treatment
temperature, ductile, 43‑15 advanced wastewater, 29‑3 Tripod, 41‑23
trench width, 40‑10 all-volatile, 22‑26 Tripod (fig), 41‑23
zone, 30‑15 caustic phosphate, 22‑26 Tritium, 22‑2
Translation, pure, 72‑2 efficiency, 30‑6 Trivial solution (ftn), 3‑7
Transmissible vector (ftn), 5‑1 facility, 33‑2 Trolley crane, 83‑10
Transmission highway safety, 75‑17 Tropopause (ftn), 15‑14
dynamometer, 85‑14 leachate, 31‑8 Troposphere (ftn), 15‑14
gear ratio, 75‑4 method, water supply (tbl), 26‑4 Truck
rope, 45‑22 partial, G‑12 equivalent, 73‑8
waterborne disease, 27‑10 penetration, G‑12 factor, 76‑18
Transmissivity, 21‑3, G-16 plant, wastewater, 29‑3 HL-93, 76‑19
coefficient of, 21‑3 preliminary, 29‑3 HS20-44, 76‑19
Transmittance, smoke, 32‑16 primary, 29‑3 loading, standard, 76‑20
Transonic travel, 14‑16 secondary, 29‑3 loading type (fig), 76‑21
Transpiration, G‑16 shock, 28‑6 standard, 76‑19
Transport tertiary, 29‑3 transfer, 80‑10
airport, 79‑23 wastewater, 34‑23 type, standard, 76‑19
cell, 27‑2 zero-solids, 22‑26 True
loss, 80‑9 Tremie concrete, 40‑11 color, in water, 25‑9
Transportation Trench meridian, 78‑12
network, 75‑2, 75‑16 anchor, 31‑4 strain, 43‑6
network, diagnosis, 75‑19 cement bentonite slurry, 40‑10 stress, 43‑5
network screening, 75‑18 method, landfill, 31‑2 Trumpet interchange, 73‑25
project, 75‑16 shield, 83‑4 Trunk, 28‑3
Transpose, 4‑5 slurry, 40‑10 Truss, 41‑13
Transverse width, transition, 40‑10 bridge, 41‑13
axis, 7‑12 Trenching, 39‑1, 83-3 bridge, part (fig), 41‑13
component, 71‑10 safety, 83‑3 deflection, 44‑18, 47‑5
force, beam, 44‑11 Trenchless method, 40‑11 determinate, 41‑14
joint spacing, 77‑12 Trenchsheet, 39‑4 indeterminate, 46‑7
joint spacing, pavement (tbl), 77‑12 Trestle, 41‑13 pipe, 16‑11, 28-4
load, truss, 41‑17 Triad, Cartesian, 5‑2 rigid, 41‑13
loading, 41‑17 Triadimenol, 32‑13 transverse load, 41‑17
pitot tube, G‑13 Trial, 11‑3 type (fig), 41‑14
pressure, 17‑30 batch method, 49‑2 Tschebotarioff trapezoidal pressure
reinforcement index, 55‑6 mix method, 49‑2 distribution, 39‑2
sensitivity factor, 85‑9 successive, 11‑5 TSS, A‑117
truss member load, 41‑17 Triangle, 6‑2 Tube, laminar, 26‑6
truss member load (fig), 41‑17 formula, A‑8 Tube (see also Tubing)
velocity, 71‑10 general, 6‑6 impact, 16‑5
Trap general (fig), 6‑6 piezometer, 15‑2
sand, G‑14 oblique, 6‑6, A-188 pitot, 16‑5
steam, 16‑15 Pascal’s, 3‑3 stagnation, 16‑5
steam, float, 16‑15 right, 6‑2 static pressure, 15‑2
steam, inverted bucket, 16‑15 similar, 6‑2 Tubing
steam, thermodynamic disc, 16‑15 special, 6‑2 copper, 16‑11
steam, thermostatic, 16‑15 spherical, 6‑6 dimensions, brass and copper, A‑53
Trapezoid, formula, A‑9 Triangular dimensions, BWG, A‑54
Trapezoidal channel, 19‑7 dimensions, copper, A‑52
channel, 19‑7, 19‑9, 19‑10 matrix, 4‑2 dimensions, seamless steel boiler, A‑54
channel conveyance factor, A‑93, A‑97 pressure distribution, 39‑2 dimensions, steel boiler, A‑54
cross section (fig), 19‑9 unit hydrograph, 20‑12 Tubular
loading curve, 41‑6 weir, 19‑13 ESP (ftn), 34‑8
rule, 7-1, 78‑18 Triangulation, 78‑5 flow, 30‑7
weir, 19‑14 station, 78‑7 Tunnel, wind, 17‑44
Triaxial stress test, 35‑27 Turbid water, 25‑10
Turbidity, 25‑9, G-16 of view, 2‑1 acceleration formulas (tbl), 71‑4

unit, G‑17 structural bolt (ftn), 45‑10 annual cost, equivalent, 87‑7
unit, nephelometric, 25‑9, G-11 structural steel, 58‑1 attack corrosion, 22‑20
Turbine, 17‑16 V building, 82‑7 bar in torsion (fig), 43‑9
axial-flow (fig), 18‑26 valve (fig), 16‑14 Building Code, 82‑1
axial-flow reaction, 18‑25 Types, structural steel, A‑166 Building Code (ftn), 58‑5
Francis, 18‑25 Typical section, 80‑2 exam, 90‑2
high-head, 18‑23 flow, 16‑10, 19‑2, 19‑3, 19‑7, G-17
impulse, 17‑38, 18‑23 U gradient factor, 87‑9
meter, 17‑29 U load surcharge, 37‑9
mixed-flow reaction, 18‑25 -tube manometer (see also motion, 71‑3
power, 17‑38, 18‑24 Manometer), 15‑2 series cash flow, 87‑4
propeller, 18‑25 -waste, 32‑2 Uniformity
radial-flow reaction, 18‑25 UBC, 82‑1 coefficient, Hazen, 35‑2
reaction, 18‑25 UL, 82‑3 coefficient of, 21‑6
runner, 18‑23 label, 82‑3 Uninterrupted flow, 73‑3
specific speed, 18‑23 Ultimate Union set, 11‑1
tangential (ftn), 18‑23 analysis, 22‑5, 22‑6, 24‑2 Unit
type, 18‑25 bearing capacity, 36‑3 angstrom, A‑1
Turbulent flow, 16‑8, 17‑5 BOD, 28‑10 base, 1‑5
Turning CO2, 24‑13 chemical concentration, 22‑11
point, 79‑13 load, 47‑2 circle, 6‑1
radius, 73‑3 plastic moment, 59‑13 consistent system of, 1‑2
Turnout, G‑17 shear, 59‑13 derived (tbl), 1‑6
static bearing capacity, pile, 38‑2
INDEX-U
Turns ratio, 84‑6 flow rate, pedestrian, 73‑22

Turntable crane, 83‑10 strength, 43‑3, 45‑2 hydrograph, 20‑8
TWA, 83‑8 strength, pipe, 40‑10 hydrograph, Espey 10-minute, 20‑13
Twaddell scale (ftn), 14‑5 strength design, 59‑8 hydrograph, NRCS dimensionless,
Twist strength design (ftn), 44‑2 20‑12
angle, 43‑9, 45‑16 Ultrafilter, 26‑15 hydrograph, synthetic, 20‑11, 20‑12
center, 45‑18 Ultra-low NOx burner, 34‑16 hydrograph, synthetic, Espey, 20‑13
-off bolt, 65‑1 Ultrasonic hydrograph, triangular, 20‑12
Two flowmeter, 17‑29 hyperbola, 6‑5
-angle formula, 6‑4 test, 43‑15 impulse function, 10‑6
-dimensional mechanism, 41‑21 testing, 82‑4 load method, 44‑19
-dimensional mensuration, A‑8 Ultrasound imaging test, 43‑13 matrix, 4‑2
-dimensional reaction, 41‑9 Ultra-thin whitetopping, 76‑30 nephelometric turbidity, 25‑9, G-11
-dimensional space, vector in (fig), 5‑2 Ultraviolet radiation, 26‑22 non-SI, 1‑8
-force member, 41‑7, 41‑13 Unaccounted-for water, 26‑27 number of transfer, 34‑19
-lane highway, 73‑13 Unadjusted basis, 87‑21 of pressure, 14‑2
lines, angle, 7‑8 Unavailable combined residual, 28‑14 primary, 1‑8
-metal corrosion, 22‑20 Unbalanced process, G‑17
-phase signal, 73‑15 centrifugal ratio, 79‑8 shaft friction, 38‑3
-point form, 7‑5 force, 41‑2, 72-5 SI, 1‑5
points, distance, 7‑7 Unbiased estimator, 11‑12, 11‑13 SI conversion, A‑4
-sided weaving section, single-lane Unbonded SI derived, 1‑5, 1‑7
ramp, 73‑28 strain gauge (ftn), 85‑9 sphere, 6‑7
-sided weaving segment, 73‑28 tendon, 56‑2 steel, 58‑1
-sided weaving segment (fig), 73‑28 Unbraced step function, 10‑6
-stage process, 26‑17 column, 53‑2, 53‑5 stream power, G‑17
-stage trickling filter, 29‑11 frame (fig), 53‑2 strength method, 67‑4
-tail limit, 11‑16 length versus available moment (fig), supplementary (tbl), 1‑6
-way drainage, 40‑5 59‑3 transfer, 34‑22
-way shear, 55‑3 Unburned fuel loss, 24‑17 turbidity, G‑17
-way slab, 51‑5 Uncertainty analysis, 87‑46 vector, 5-2, 41‑2
-way slab, deflection, 51‑8 Unconfined aquifer, 21‑2 vector, Cartesian, 5‑2
-way slab (fig), 51‑5 Unconfined compressive strength test, vector, Cartesian (fig), 5‑2
-way slab beam (fig), 51‑7 35‑30 velocity (ftn), 21‑4
-way traffic taper, 73‑33 Unconsolidated-undrained test, 35‑28 weight, 14‑6, 35-8
-wire joint reinforcement, 67‑8 Unconstrained weight, concrete, 48‑4
Type motion, 72‑11 weight, dry, at zero air voids, 35‑19
1 connection, 65‑7 motion (fig), 72‑12 weight coefficient, 49‑9
2 connection, 65‑7 Underground weight coefficient, value of (tbl), 49‑9
3 connection, 65‑7 storage tank, 32‑16 width flow, 73‑22
3 truck, 74‑3 water, 21‑2 United States Rectangular Surveying
3-3 truck, 74‑3 Under-reinforced beam, 50‑6 System, 78‑21
3-S2 truck, 74‑3 Undersaturated condition, 73‑29 Units of production depreciation, 87‑23
I building, 82‑7 Underwriters Laboratories, 82‑3 Unity equation, 68‑8
I error, 11‑15 Undetermined coefficients, method of, 3‑7, Univeral mill plate width tolerance (tbl),
I settling (ftn), 26‑5 10‑4 58‑4
II error, 11‑15 Undivided highway, 73‑3 Universal
II settling (ftn), 26‑5 Undrained case, 36‑5 constant, Newton’s, 72‑21
A soil, 83‑3 Unequal gas constant, 14‑11
arrival, 73‑17 angle, 61‑2 gravitation, Newton’s law of, 72‑21
B soil, 83‑3 tangent vertical curve, 79‑18 set, 11‑1
B stud, 64‑4 Unfilled composite grid deck, 57‑4 Transverse Mercator, 78‑5, 78‑22
C soil, 83‑3 Unified Universe, 11‑3
cover, 20‑18 Soil Classification System, 35‑4 Unloading
-n flow, culvert, 19‑30 Soil Classification System (tbl), 35‑6 and reloading curve (fig), 43‑8
number, 3‑1 Uniform curve, 43‑8
of flow, 19‑2 acceleration, 71‑3
Unreinforced influence, 40‑3 Variance

masonry, 68‑3 initial, 9‑4, 10‑1 account, 87‑38
membrane, 31‑4 instantaneous, 71‑2 burden, 87‑38
Unsaturated limiting, 3‑10 burden budget, 87‑38
hydrocarbon, 24‑1 market, 87‑24 burden capacity, 87‑38
hydrocarbon (tbl), 23‑2 most likely, 78‑2 sample, 11‑13
Unshored construction, 57‑4, 64‑2 nominal, 50‑4 Variate, standard normal, 11‑13
Unstable equilibrium, 72‑2 of money, time, 87‑5 Variation
Unsteady flow, well, 21‑7 present (ftn), 87‑6 coefficient of, 11‑14
Unstiffened element, 61‑7 probable, 78‑2 in water demand, 26‑24
Unsupported R-, 35‑32 magnetic, 78‑12
length, steel beam, 59‑4 residual, 86‑8, 87‑17 Manning constant, 19‑5
membrane, 31‑4 resistance, soil, 35‑32 seasonal, 38‑3
Unsymmetrical root-mean-squared, 11‑13 of parameters, 10‑4
bending, beam, 59‑15 salvage, 87‑19 wastewater flow (tbl), 28‑2
bending, case (fig), 59‑15 stabilometer, 76‑14 Varied flow, 19‑2, G-17
vertical curve, 79‑18 standard normal, 11‑7, 11‑13 Varignon’s theorem, 41‑3
Unwatering, 80‑12 terminal, 87‑17 Varve, G‑17
Upflow tank, 26‑13 Valve, 16‑13 Varved clay, 40‑4
Upgrade air, siphon, 16‑15 Varying
coal, 24‑5 air release, 16‑15 mass, 72‑20
specific, highway, 73‑14 altitude, 26‑26 n-value, 19‑5
Upheaving pavement, 76‑6 angle, 16‑13 Vaulting, 75‑13
Uplift, G‑17 angle lift, 16‑13 VBI, 14‑17
antireversal, 16‑13
INDEX-V
force, 21‑9 VBN, 14‑17
pressure, 21‑9 ball, 16‑13 Vector, 5‑1
Upper butterfly, 16‑13 addition, 5‑3
bound, 9‑4 characteristics, 16‑14 biological, 31‑5
confidence limit, 78‑2 check, 16‑13 bound (ftn), 5‑1
Upstream control, 19‑22 combination air, 16‑15 Cartesian unit, 5‑2
Urban diagram (tbl), 16‑14 characteristic, 4‑8
area, 73‑3, 73‑4 double orifice air, 16‑15 cross product, 5‑4
interchange, 73‑25 eccentric plug, 16‑13 cross product (fig), 5‑4
roadway, 73‑3 equivalent length, A‑63 dot product, 5‑3
street, 73‑3, 73‑15 flow coefficient, 17‑15 dot product (fig), 5‑3
survey, 78‑5 gate, 16‑13 equal, 5‑1
Urea (ftn), 32‑10, 34‑20 globe, 16‑13 equivalent (ftn), 5‑1
Urea carbamide, 32‑10 lift, 16‑13 field, curl, 8‑7
Usage, electrical, 84‑8 make-or-break, 16‑15 field, divergence, 8‑7
USCS, 35‑4 needle, 16‑13 fixed (ftn), 5‑1
(tbl), 35‑6 nonreverse flow, 16‑13 function, 5‑5
symbols, A‑119 plug, 16‑13 gradient, 8‑6
Use, critical, halon, 32‑6 plug cock, 16‑13 image, 78‑7
Useful life (ftn), 87‑21 pressure-relief, 17‑41 in two-dimensional space (fig), 5‑2
USSWG wire, 67‑8 relief, 16‑15 inertia, 70‑2
UST, 32‑16 safety, 16‑15 inertia (ftn), 72‑6
UTC, G‑17 safety, full-lift, 16‑15 load, 47‑11
Utility, 75‑11 safety, high-lift, 16‑15 multiplication, 5‑3
airport, 79‑23 safety, low-lift, 16‑15 normal line, 8‑7
Utilization factor, 73‑29 safety relief, 16‑15 normal to plane, 7‑6
UU test, 35‑28 shutoff service, 16‑13 orthogonal, 5‑3
slow-closing, 17‑41 phasor form, 5‑2
V swing, 16‑13 polar form, 5‑2
V throttling service, 16‑13 position, 41‑3
-belt, 72‑7 type, 16‑14 rectangular form, 5‑2
-notch weir, 19‑13 type (fig), 16‑14 resultant, 5‑3
Vacuole, 27‑2 vacuum, 16‑15 sliding (ftn), 5‑1
Vacuum, 14‑3 Y-, 16‑13 threshold, 31‑5
drum filter, 30‑19 Vane, 17‑37 transmissible (ftn), 5‑1
extraction, 34‑23 -shear apparatus, 35‑30 triple product, 5‑5
sewer system, 28‑4 -shear test, 35‑30 unit, 5-2, 41‑2
valve, 16‑15 Vapor Vehicle
Vadose condensing, 34‑23 design, 73‑3
water, G‑17 incinerator, 34‑16 dynamics, 75‑3
zone, 21‑2, G-17 pressure, 14‑10 equivalent, 73‑8
Valence, 22‑1, G-17 pressure, Reid, 32‑9 escort, 74‑3
Value (see also type) pressure head, 18‑6 factor, 75‑9
alpha-, 85‑6 Variable, 3‑2 high-occupancy, 73‑8
analysis, 87‑46 -area meter, 17‑28 image size, relative (fig), 75‑10
average, 87‑31 -capacitance transducer, 85‑5 impact modeling, 75‑14
average (by integration), 9‑4 cost, 86‑9, 87‑33 period, 73‑22
book, 87‑23 dependent, 3‑2 pilot, 74‑3
boundary, 10‑1 dimension of (tbl), 1‑9 recreation, 73‑8
characteristic, 4‑8 independent, 3‑2 shadow, 73‑34
chemistry coefficient (tbl), 49-9 -inductance transducer, 85‑4 standard design, 76‑19
effective, 84‑5 matrix, 4‑6 type, 73‑8
engineering, 86‑2, 87‑46 -reluctance transducer, 85‑4 Vehicular volume warrant, signalization,
excess, 75‑18 resistor, 85‑3 73‑19
expected, 11‑8, 78-2, 87-31 sensitivity, 87‑46 Veil corporate, piercing, 88‑3
face, 87‑30 -slope method, 20‑8 Velocity, 71‑3
heating, 24‑15 standard normal, 11‑13 absolute, 71‑10
acoustic, 14‑16 Veneer failure, 31‑4 Virus, 27‑4, 27‑6

actual filtering, 34‑6 Venn diagram (fig), 11‑1 Viscometer
angular, 71‑7 Venturi concentric cylinder (ftn), 14‑7
apparent, 21‑4 discharge coefficients (fig), 17‑32 cup-and-bob (ftn), 14‑7
areal, 72‑21 effect, 17‑31 Saybolt (ftn), 14‑7
average, 16‑9 meter, 17‑31 test, 14‑7
bulk, 16‑9 meter (fig), 17‑31 Viscosity, 14‑6
burnout, 72‑21 meter performance, 17‑31 absolute, 14‑7
centerline, 16‑9 scrubber, 34‑18 absolute (ftn), 14‑7
coefficient of, 17‑18, 17‑31 scrubber collection efficiency, 34‑19 Bingham-plastic limiting, 17‑13
conversion, SI, A‑6 Vers function, 6‑5 blending index, 14‑17
critical, 19‑19, 26‑6, G-5 Versed blending number, 14‑17
critical, sludge, 18‑6 cosine, 6‑5 coefficient of, 14‑7
critical settling, 26‑7 sine, 6‑5 conversion, 14‑9
Darcian, 21‑4 Versine, 6‑5 conversion, SI, A‑6
Darcy, 21‑4 Vertex conversion (tbl), 14‑9
-dependent force, 72‑20 angle, 6‑1, 6-2 dynamic (ftn), 14‑7
design filtering, 34‑5 parabola, 7‑11 effect on head loss, 17‑12
difference, relative, 17‑37 Vertical fuels, A‑27
discharge, 21‑4 buckling, 44‑20 grade, 14‑10
distribution, 16‑9, 19‑2 curve, 79‑12 grading, 76‑3
distribution, laminar (fig), 16‑9 curve, obstruction (fig), 79‑15 heat transfer fluids, A‑27
distribution, turbulent (fig), 16‑9 curve, railway, 79‑23 hydrocarbons, A‑27
drift, 34‑8, 34‑9 curve, symmetrical parabolic (fig), index, 14‑10
effective, 21‑4 79‑13 kinematic, 14‑8, 16‑8
INDEX-V
effective drift, 34‑9 curve, through point, 79‑14, 79‑15 lubricants, A‑27
energy (ftn), 16‑2 curve, unequal tangent, 79‑18 Newton’s law of, 14‑7
equivalent, 21‑3 curve, unsymmetrical, 79‑18 non-Newtonian, 17‑13
escape, 72‑22 dilution of position, 78‑6 power law, 17‑13
face, 34‑5 exaggeration, 78-22 water, A‑21
filtering, 34‑5 force, elements, 37‑10 Viscous
flooding, 34‑2 -lagging cofferdam, 39‑9 coefficient, 72‑20
flow front, 21‑4 lift bridge, 57‑4 damping, coefficient of, 72‑20
flow-through, 26‑6 multiplier, 83‑8 drag, 72‑20
gradient, 14‑7, 17‑15, 26‑11 plane surface, hydrostatic pressure on flow, 16‑8
gross filtering, 34‑5 (fig), 15‑7 Vision, 75‑10
Hazen-Williams, 19‑6 point, 78‑19 center of, 2‑3
head, 18‑7 soil pressure, 37‑3 peripheral, 75‑10
jet, 17‑17 Vesic Visit, site, 86‑3
lifting, water, 21‑5 factor, 36‑4 Visual
linear, 21‑4 factor (tbl), 36‑4 acuity, 75‑10
maximum, erodible channels, 19‑28 VFA, 76‑10 depth, 75‑10
maximum, fluid, 17‑3 requirement (tbl), 76‑17 -optical process, 43‑13
maximum, open channel, 19‑28 Vibration, concrete, 49‑6 search, 75‑10
mean, open channel, 19‑2 Vibratory roller, 76‑9 Vitrification, 34‑4, 34‑23, G-17
migration, 34‑9 VIC, 32‑17 Vitrified clay pipe, 16‑11, 28-4
minimum, open channel, 19‑2 Vicat softening point, 43‑12 VMA, 76‑10
mixing, 26‑11 Vickers test, 43‑15 criterion, mix design (fig), 76‑15
net filtering, 34‑5 View requirement (tbl), 76‑17
net net filtering, 34‑5 auxiliary, 2‑2 VOC, 28‑15, 32‑15, 32‑17
of approach, 16‑5, 17‑17, 17‑33 axonometric, 2‑3 Void
of approach factor, 17‑31 central, 2‑2 air, 76‑10
of whirl (ftn), 18‑12 dimetric, 2‑3 filled with asphalt, 76‑10
overland flow, 20‑5 frontal auxiliary, 2‑2 mineral aggregate, 76‑10
paddle, relative, 26‑11 horizontal auxiliary, 2‑2 ratio, 21‑2, 35-7
pore, 21‑4 isometric, 2‑3 region, 7‑3
potential function, 17‑4 normal, 2‑1 total air, 76‑10
profile, 16‑9 oblique, 2‑2 total mix, 76‑10
ratio, pump (tbl), 18‑3 orthogonal, 2‑2 Volatile
reaction, 22‑14 orthographic, 2‑2 acid, 27‑10
rebound, 72‑18 orthographic oblique, 2‑3 dissolved solids, 25‑10
relative, 71‑10 perspective, 2‑2, 2‑3 inorganic compound, 32‑17
scouring, 29‑5 plan, 2‑2 liquid, 14‑10
seepage, 21‑4 planar, 2‑2 liquid (ftn), 22‑11
self-cleansing, 19‑2, 28-4 principal, 2‑2 matter, 24‑4
self-cleansing (ftn), 20‑3 profile auxiliary, 2‑2 organic chemical, 28‑15
settling, 17‑45, 26‑5, 26‑6 redundant, 2‑2 organic compound, 28‑15, 32‑17, G-17
sewer, 28‑4 trimetric, 2‑3 solids, 25-10, 28‑6, 30‑4, G-17
sonic, 14‑16 type, 2‑1 suspended solids, 25‑10
superficial, 21‑4 Viewer, takeoff, 86‑3 suspended solids concentration, 30‑4
superficial face, 34‑5 Virgin Volatility, 24‑6
tangential, 18‑24, 71-8 compression branch, 40‑4 Volatilization, G‑17
terminal, 17‑45, 72-20 compression line, 35‑25 Volcanic glass, 35‑33
unit, 21‑3 consolidation line, 35‑25 Voltage, 84‑2
wave, 19‑19 curve, 40‑4 deflection, 85‑11
Velz Virtual divider, 84‑4
decay rate, 29‑12 displacement, 46‑10 drop, 84‑3
equation, 29‑12 work, 46‑10 induced, 17‑29
Vena work method, 44‑19 motor, 84‑18
contracta, 17‑18, 17‑32 work method, beams, 47‑18 regulation, 84‑12
contracta (ftn), 17‑32 work principle, 47‑3 Voltammetric sensor, 85‑4
Volume shear, 54‑2 content, 21‑2, 35-7

absolute, 49‑2 shear, cantilever (fig), 39‑5 content, optimum, 35‑18
-capacity ratio, 73‑5, 73‑16 shear stress factor (ftn), 17‑5 deionized, 22‑26
consolidated, 49‑2 slurry, 40‑11 demand, 26‑23
conversion, SI, A‑6 tie, 68‑16 demand multiplier, 26‑24
directional design hour, 73‑5 wiper, 34‑21 demineralized, 22‑26
flow conversion, SI, A‑7 Warming, global, 32‑9 distribution, 26‑26
hourly, 73‑10 Warning area, advanced, 73‑33 flow, steel pipes, 17‑10, A-62
index, sludge, 30‑5 Warping constant, 59‑4 gas (ftn), 24‑8
mensuration, A‑10 Warrant, signal (see also type), 73‑18 gravitational, G‑8
mensuration of three-dimensional, A‑10 WAS, 30‑2, 30‑15 hammer, 17‑40
molar, 22‑5 Washboarding, pavement, 76‑6 hammer (fig), 17‑40
of a fluid, 14‑1 Washburn and Moen wire gauge, 67‑8 hammer wave speed, 17‑40
of revolution, 9‑5, 9‑6 Washer hard, G‑9
of revolution (fig), 42‑3 direct tension indicator, 58‑4 hardness, 22‑22, 25‑4, 25‑5
parameter, traffic, 73‑5 material, 58‑4 hardness ions, 25‑5
pile, 80‑2 soil, 34‑20 horsepower, 17‑16, 18‑8
reactor, 30‑8 Washout hygroscopic, G‑9
settled sludge, 30‑5 sludge, 30‑14 in concrete, 48‑3
sludge, 30‑11, 30‑13 solids, 30‑14 juvenile, G‑10
sludge, water treatment, 26‑13 toe, 39‑5 lifting velocity, 21‑5
solid, 49‑2 Wastage rate, 30‑8 make-up, 22‑24
specific, 14‑4 Waste (see also type), 32‑2 meteoric, G‑11
warrant, signalization, 73‑19 -activated sludge, 30‑2, 30‑15 nonpotable, 27‑4
INDEX-W
wastewater, 28‑2 autogenous (ftn), 34‑11 of crystallization, 22‑6
Volumetric decomposition, 27‑9 of hydration, 22‑6
air flow rate, 30‑10 decomposition, end product (tbl), oxygen, dissolved, A‑97
analysis, 24‑2 27‑10 pipe (see also type), 26‑26
efficiency, pump, 18‑3 domestic, G‑6 pipe, Hazen-Williams, A‑55
expansion, coefficient, 44‑4 extrinsic, 32‑2 pipe, PVC dimensions, A‑49
flow rate, 17‑3 fuel, 24‑4 pipe, roughness, A‑55
fraction, 24‑2 intrinsic, 32‑2 power, 18‑8
loading, 30‑9 K-, 32‑2 pressure, 26‑26
strain, 14‑15 municipal solid, 31‑1 pressure drop, steel pipe, A‑62
Von Mises theory, 43‑9 overautogenous (ftn), 34‑11 properties, 49-1, A‑18, A‑19
Vortex, double, 34‑7 P-, 32‑2 quality compartment, 32‑15
Vorticity, 8‑7 subautogenous (ftn), 34‑11 reducer, high-range, 48‑3
VTM, 76‑10 -to-energy facility, 31‑10 -reducing admixture, 48‑3
-to-steam plant, 31‑10 softening, 26‑17
W U-, 32‑2 softening equivalents, A‑94
W Wastewater, 34‑23 stability, 26‑19
-beam guardrail, 75‑14 characteristics, 28‑6 storage, 26‑26
shape, 61‑1 compositing, 28‑16 subsurface, 21‑2
-shape beam (fig), 59‑2 domestic, 28‑2 supply chemistry, 22‑21
W&M wire gauge, 67‑8 industrial, 28‑2, 28‑9, 29‑2 supply demand, 26‑23
WAAS, 78‑6 municipal, 28‑2 supply treatment method (tbl), 26‑4
Waffle slab, 51‑5 peaking factors, 28‑2 table, 40‑5, G-17
Wah gas, G‑17 pump, 29‑4 table, bearing capacity, 36‑8
Waiting pump installation (fig), 18‑5 table, retaining wall, 37‑10
line, 73‑29 quantity, 28‑1, 28‑2 treatment chemical application point
time, 73‑29 reclamation, 29‑14 (tbl), 26‑3
Wake, drag, 17‑43 sanitary, 28‑2 treatment chemicals, A‑115
Wale, G‑17 sludge quantity, 30‑14 treatment plant location, 26‑2
Walkway, 73‑22 standard, 28‑16 tubing dimensions, copper, A‑52
width, effective, 73‑22 standards, industrial, 29‑2 unaccounted for, 26‑27
Wall tests, 28‑9 underground, 21‑2
bearing, 54‑2 treatment, 34‑23 Vadose, G‑17
buttress, 37‑1 treatment plant, 29‑3 vapor, 32‑17
cantilever, 39‑5 volume, 28‑2 viscosity, A‑21
cell, G‑4 Wasteway, G‑17 Waterborne disease, 27‑10
concrete pressure on, 49‑8 Wasting, 22‑26 Watercourse, natural, 19‑11
containment, 40‑10 (ftn), 22‑26 Watershed
counterfort, 37‑1 sludge, 30‑13 detention, 20‑21
cut-off, 40‑10 Water modeling, 20‑24
effective length factor, 54‑2 absorbed, G‑1 retention, 20‑21
footing, 36‑2, 55-2 absorption, masonry, 67‑5 Watery mixture, 48‑4
friction, soil, 37‑3 balance equation, 20‑2 Watt, 1‑5
friction angle, 37‑6 balance, post-closure, 31‑7 Watt (ftn), 18‑10
gabion, 37‑2 brake, 85‑14 Wave
gravity, 37‑1 budget equation, 20‑2 formula, kinematic, 20‑4
load-carrying, 54‑2 bulk modulus, 14‑15 speed, water hammer, 17‑40
masonry, 68-1, A‑169, A‑171 capillary, G‑4 standing, 19‑19, G-15
multiple wythe, 68‑15 -cement ratio, 49‑2 surface, 19‑19
nonbearing, 54‑1 -cement ratio, maximum (tbl), 77‑3 surge, 19‑19
retaining, 54‑3 -cement ratio (tbl), 77‑3 velocity, 19‑19
retaining, active components, A‑121, -cementious materials ratio, 49‑2 Waveform
A‑122 chemistry CaCO3 equivalents, A‑94 Fourier, 9‑8
retaining, analysis, 37‑10 chemistry equivalents, A‑94 frequency, 9‑7
retaining, cantilever, 37‑2, 39‑5 conductivity, 26‑20 period, 9‑7
retaining, design, 37‑13 confined, G‑5 periodic, 9‑7
semi-gravity, 37‑1 connate, G‑5 symmetrical (tbl), 9‑8
Waviness Weighting monitor, 21‑5, 31-9

height, 2‑4 agent, 26‑9 observation, G‑11
spacing rating, 2‑4 factor, 87‑32 penetrating, 80‑12
width rating, 2‑4 Weir, 19‑11 pumping power, 21‑7
Waving the rod, G‑17 broad-crested, 19‑14 relief, 21‑5
Way, traveled, G‑16 Cipoletti, 19‑14 screen, 21‑5
Weak contracted, 19‑12 sterilization, 21‑5
axis, 59‑2, 59‑5 equation, Francis, 19‑12 symbols, A‑119
material, 43‑2 equation, Rehbock, 19‑12 wet, G‑17
Weakened length, 19‑11 Wellpoint, 80‑12
base, pole, 75‑14 loading, 26‑6, 29-8 West declination, 78‑12
plane joint, 77‑12 loading rate, 29‑8 Westergaard
Weather, cold, 49‑6 proportional, 19‑15 case, 40‑2
Weathering rectangular, submerged, 19‑12 modulus of subgrade reaction, 77‑6
grade, 67‑5 sharp-crested, 19‑11 Western coal, 24‑5
steel, 58‑6 suppressed, 19‑12 Wet
steel (ftn), 58‑6 Sutro, 19‑15 basis concrete, 49‑3
steel design, 58‑6 trapezoidal, 19‑14 condition, 72‑7
Weave triangular, 19‑14 density, 35‑8
one-sided major, 73‑28 V-notch, 19‑13 scrubber, 34‑2
segment, major, 73‑28 Weisbach equation, 17‑7 venturi scrubber (fig), 34‑19
Weaving, 73‑26 Weld, 66‑1 well, G‑17
area, 73‑26 as lines, A‑139 Wetted perimeter, 16-6, A‑34, G‑17
base length, 73‑27 balanced tension, 66‑5 Weymouth formula, 17‑11
INDEX-W
movement, 73‑26 CJP, 66‑2 Wheatstone bridge, 85‑10

one-sided ramp, 73‑28 complete-penetration groove, 66‑2, 66‑9 Wheelbarrow, 80‑10
section, two-sided, single-lane ramp, decay, 22‑21, 66-1 Wheelbase, 73‑3
73‑28 ductility, 66‑4 Whirl, velocity of (ftn), 18‑12
segment, freeway (fig), 73‑27 electrogas, 66‑2 Whistle-blowing (ftn), 89‑3
segment, one-sided, 73‑28 electroslag, 66‑2 Whitetopping, 76‑30
segment, one-sided (fig), 73‑28 fillet, 45‑15, 66‑2, 66‑9 ultra-thin, 76‑30
segment, two-sided, 73‑28 fillet (fig), 66‑3 Whitney assumption, 50‑8
segment, two-sided (fig), 73‑28 flux-cored arc, 66‑2 Wide
segment configuration, 73‑27 full-penetration groove, 66‑2 area augmentation system, 78‑6
segment length, 73‑27 gas metal arc, 66‑2 beam, 44‑18
segment length (fig), 73‑27 groove, 66‑2, 66‑9 -beam shear, 55‑3
segment width, 73‑27 group, A‑139 Width, 2‑2
short length, 73‑27 group, balanced, 66‑5 beam, minimum (tbl), 50‑8
Web, 42‑5 groups, properties, A‑139 effective, 19-12, 50‑18, 64‑2
crippling, 44‑20, 59‑17, 59‑18 metal, 66‑1 effective flange, AASHTO, 57‑3
depth, 63‑2 metal active gas, 66‑2 effective slab, composite member, 57‑2
flanged beam (fig), 44‑11 metal inert gas, 66‑2 stall, 73‑23
force, concentrated, 59‑17 minimum effective size (tbl), 66‑9 -thickness ratio, 63‑3, 61‑6
plastification factor, 63‑7 partial-penetration groove, 66‑2, 66‑9 -thickness ratio (tbl), 61‑8, 61‑9
plate buckling coefficient, 63‑2 PJP, 66‑2 tolerance, universal mill plate (tbl),
plate girder, 63‑2 plug, 66‑2 58‑4
stiffener, 44‑20 shielded metal arc, 66‑1 trench, transition, 40‑10
yielding, 59‑17 size, 66‑3 weaving segment, 73‑27
yielding calculation, nomenclature size, minimum, 66‑9 Wind tunnel, 17‑44
(fig), 59‑18 size (tbl), 66‑4 Windage loss, 84‑19
Weber slot, 66‑2 Window sliding, method, 75‑18
number, 17‑50 strength, bridge, 66‑9 Winfrey method (ftn), 87‑17
number, similarity (tbl), 17‑50 submerged arc, 66‑2 Wiper, wall, 34‑21
number (ftn), 17‑50 symbol (fig), 66‑3 Wire
number (tbl), 1‑10 throat, 66‑2 corona, 34‑8
Webster’s equation, traffic signal, 73‑18 throat, effective, 45‑15 fiber core, 45‑23
Wedge, 72‑7 type (fig), 66‑2 gauge, masonry, 67‑8
pile (fig), 80-6 Weldability, 58‑2 horizontal joint, 67‑7
usage (fig), 72‑7 Welded independent core, 45‑23
Weight, 1‑1, 1‑3, 22-6, 70-1, 70-2 connection, AASHTO LRFD, 66‑9 lap length, 67‑8
adjusted, 49‑3 connection, building frame, 66‑8 reinforcing, A‑150
and proportion problem, 22‑9, 27-11 connection, combined shear and bend‑ rope, 45‑22, 45‑23, 45‑24
atomic, 22-2, A‑92 ing (fig), 66‑5 rope, hoisting, 83‑10
combining, 22‑6 connection, combined shear and torsion sheave, 45‑24
density, 1‑3 (fig), 66‑5 size, AWG, 84‑9
density, concrete, 48‑4 joint, type (fig), 66‑2 spiral, column, 52‑3
equivalent, 22‑6, G-7 Welding (see also Weld), 66‑2 -strand core, 45‑23
formula, 22‑5 filler metal, material, 58‑4 -to-water efficiency, 18‑10
limit, lifting, 83‑7 Well, 21‑5 Witness
limit sign (fig), 74‑3 artesian, 21‑2 stake, 81‑3
molecular, 22‑5, G-11 chlorine dose, 21‑5 stake, measurement, 81‑3
roughness, 2‑4 deep, 80‑12 Wöhler curve, 43‑10
specific, 14‑6 developed, 21‑5 Wood as fuel, 24‑4
specific, concrete, 48‑4 drawdown, 21‑6 Work, 13-2, 47‑3
unit, 14‑6, 35-8 extraction, gas, 31‑6 done by force, 13‑2
unit, concrete, 48‑4 flowing, G‑7 done by torque, 13‑2
-volume relationship, 76‑7 function, 21‑7, 21‑8 -energy principle, 13‑3, 13‑4, 45-22
Weighted -graded soil, 35‑2 external, 13‑2
average cost, 87‑32 gravel pack, 21‑5 flow, 13‑4
cost, 87‑32 gravity, 21‑2, 21‑5 internal, 13‑2, 43-7
injection, 34‑11 lost (ftn), 17‑5
of a constant force (fig), 13‑2 -discharge facility, 32‑7

performed by a force, 9‑4 factorial (tbl), 3‑2
p-V, 13‑4 -force member, 41‑14
space, traffic, 73‑34 -force member (fig), 41‑14
spring, 13‑2 haulage line, 80‑7
virtual, 46‑10 -indicating bridge (ftn), 85‑10
virtual, method, 44‑19 matrix, 4‑2
Workability -order reaction rate, 22‑14
concrete, 48‑4, 49‑1 -solids treatment, 22‑26
pavement, 76‑4 -voids density, 35‑8
Working Zone (see also type)
arm, 83‑10 active, 37‑2
stress design, 58‑5 benthic, G‑3
stress design method, 45‑2 clear, 75‑14
Worksheet, moment distribution, A‑149 of aeration, G‑17
Worm, 27‑8 of influence, 40‑2
Worth of saturation, G‑17
future, 87‑5 phreatic, 21‑2, G-12
method, present, 87‑15 vadose, 21‑2
present, 87‑6 vadose, G‑17
Woven fabric, 40‑11 Zoned survey, 78‑5
Wye-connection, 84‑11 Zoning ordinance, 82‑2
Wythe, 68‑15 Zoogloea, G‑17
multiple, 68‑15 Zooplankton, G‑17
Zuber equation, 14‑12
INDEX-Z
X Zx beam selection table, 59‑8
X-ray testing, 43‑13
Xeriscape, G‑17
Xerophytes, G‑17
Y
Y
-connection, 84‑6
-valve, 16‑13
Yard
bank cubic, 80‑1
compacted cubic, 80‑1
cubic, 80‑1
loose cubic, 80‑1
-quarter, 80‑9
-station, 80‑8
Yaw, 17‑29, 72-2
angle, 17‑30
Year-end convention, 87‑3
Yield, 22-9, 49-2, 87‑28
biomass, 30‑14
bond, 87‑30
cell, 30‑14
coefficient, 27‑12, 30‑8, 30‑14
coefficient, maximum, 28‑7
factor, 27‑12
linear, paving, 76‑8
mass, 31‑10
observed, 30‑8
point, 43‑3, 58‑2
reservoir, 20‑21
safe, 21‑6, G-14
sludge, 30‑14
specific, 21‑3, G-15
strength, 43‑3, 58‑2
strength, lower, 43‑3
strength, representative material (tbl),
43‑4
strength, upper and lower (fig), 43‑3
stress, 17-13, 43‑3, 58‑2
Yielding, web, 59‑17
Young’s
modulus, 43‑2, 44‑2
modulus, concrete, 48‑5
Yuba Power, Greenman v. (ftn), 88‑7
Z
z-values for confidence levels, 11‑16
Zebra mussel, 27‑8
Zeolite, 22‑23
process, 22‑23, 26‑18
synthetic, 26‑18
3‑3, 12‑1
Zero, 3-3, 12-1
air voids curve, 35‑19
air voids density, 35‑19

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1% dry, 34‑18 Accumulator, 17‑41

Aero horsepower, 17‑44 wash, 26‑14

-red clearance period, 73‑22 Amphoteric behavior, G‑2 Angle

Anisotropic material, 5‑1 volume method, 49‑2 Asbestos, 32‑4

Anthracite coal, 24‑5 gross, 60‑2 concrete, 76‑2, 76‑9, 76‑11

Assumed meridian, 78‑12 Average Backfill, 40‑9

Bent, G‑3 Biomass, G‑3 Boiler

Boussinesq’s equation, 40‑2 crane, 59‑17 Buick, MacPherson v. (ftn), 88‑7

tax, 87‑25 rotary, 73‑25 Bulkhead

Cable, 41‑20 ideal, 73‑5 Cash

shrinkage-compensating, 48‑2 Chamber the box taxation (ftn), 88‑3

Centerline velocity, 16‑9 taper, 73‑33 precipitation, G‑4

distance, 79‑4 soil, Unified, 35‑4 property (tbl), 24‑5

ofcontraction, 17‑18, 17‑32 Cohesionless soil, 37‑2 residual, 25‑10, G-5

ofskidding friction (tbl), 75‑6 Collector, 28‑3 loss, 24‑17

Compensatory organic, 23‑1 all-lightweight, 48‑7, 48‑8

self-consolidating, 48‑8 complex, 3‑9 dielectric, 34‑9

Condition tension, 65‑6 Newton’s gravitational, 72‑21

Content Conventional crevice, 22‑21

Coulomb, 84‑2 contributory factor (tbl), 75‑11 slope, 19‑3, G-5

Cover investment tax, 87‑26 slope, adverse, 79‑9

slow, asphalt, 76‑2 recession, 20‑7 D

with employer, 89‑2 instantaneous, 50‑16 concrete, 48‑4

cross-beam, 46‑12 ellipse, 7‑12 saturated, 35‑8

side water, 29‑8 reaction, 41‑9 pump, 18‑4

number, 1‑7 Disinfection, 26‑21 chi-squared,11-8, A‑15

impact, 72‑19 Dissipater, energy, 80‑11 coefficient, G‑6

-alternate parking, 73‑23 pavement, 77‑7 transition temperature (tbl), 43‑16

factor load, 80‑1 strain-hardening on mechanical pulley, 41‑12

length factor alignment chart (fig), beam deflections, A‑133

horizontal curve (fig), 79‑3 Endothermic reaction, 22‑19 English

Engineering News Record, 38‑2 three-dimensional, 41‑22 standard, 11‑13

Manning, 19‑4 method, 20‑13

engineering, professional, 90‑1 function, integral, 9‑9 material recovery, 31‑10

complete, 26‑2 percentage on diminishing balance time, 86‑12

-through velocity, 26‑6 Darcy, 21‑4 work performed by, 9‑4

G.K. (ftn), 19‑3 Francis flat belt (fig), 72‑7

restrained connection, 65‑7 corrosion, 22‑20 expense, 87‑33

Gneiss, 35‑33 linear equation, 3‑8 profit, 87‑39

material, 43‑2 friction, 18‑6 Helminth (worm), 27‑4

speed, average, 73‑4 theoretical, 17‑16 ram, 15‑15

Hypergeometric load, 44‑8 net, 87‑35

air, 24‑10 specific speed, 18‑13 beams, A‑142

Industrial value, 9‑4, 10‑1 Interaction

Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry pipe, A‑49 Jointed

waste, 32‑2 Isometric view, 2‑3

Kutter equation (ftn), 19‑3 Lap of mass action, 22‑14, 22‑16

equivalent, 17‑13, A-63 half-, 22‑14 hydraulic grade, 16‑10, 17‑17

of reliability (tbl), 76‑20

limit, 35‑22 Loader low-lift, 76‑7 stress, 45‑5

M roughness constant, A‑82 varying, 72‑20

Magnaflux process, 43‑13 Margin safety data sheet, 83‑4

Maximum offset stake, 81‑3 Meridian, 78‑12, 78-21 (fig), G-11

benefit-cost ratio, 87‑16 specific identification, 87‑39 column eccentricity, 69‑3

Espey, 20‑13 ton, 1‑7 Misrepresentation, 88‑6

Mixture, G‑11 of subgrade reaction, Westergaard, force about a line, 41‑3

induction, 84‑15 Name income, 87‑35

third law of motion, 72‑5 Noncomposite NOx, 32‑10

structural, 76‑18 Ohm’s law, 84‑3, 84‑7 Orbit

Obligate -way drainage, 40‑5 color, in water, 25‑9

Osmotic Oxygen Paraffin series, 24‑1