Parents warned against instant noodles, processed foods

MANILA -- Health experts on Wednesday urged parents to avoid feeding their young children with instant
noodles and processed foods.
“In complementary feeding, this is when a child starts feeding at six months old, don't give a child food with
artificial coloring and flavors. If you think these harm you as an adult, more likely these are going to harm your
kids,” Department of Health Disease Prevention and Control Bureau officer-in-charge, Dr. Anthony Calibo said
in a press briefing in Makati City.
Calibo said healthy eating does not start during adulthood but during early childhood.
“These instant noodles may have the good intention to provide nutrition, they may even possess the
micronutrient Sangkap Pinoy Seal, meaning they have been fortified, but if they're high in sodium, it is going to
be unhealthy for the baby's kidney,” he said.
Meanwhile, National Nutrition Council executive director, Dr. Azucena Dayanghirang said it cannot be ruled out
that instant noodles do not have nutritional value at all.
“We tell manufacturers to reformulate their products, huwag masyado damihan ang asin. Noodles as the most
affordable for households, we tell them to add mga gulay like kalabasa, malunggay, itlog din pwede
(vegetables like squash, malunggay, egg also),” Dayanghirang said.
Citing that frequent instant noodles consumption could lead to hypertension, Calibo advised that it must be
eaten sparingly.
“For example, you've been feeding your child instant pancit canton every day, that's not a recommendation,
probably once a week, and you shouldn't be giving other salty food like chips you already gave instant pancit
canton,” he said.
To keep children from consuming instant noodles and processed food, Calibo urged parents to prepare meals
ahead of time.
“Children are heavily dependent on adults, start teaching your caregiver to serve healthy food options if you’re
working and unable to prepare meals. There are dieticians and nutritionists you can consult and they can help
you in the preparation of a healthy meal plan for your family,” he added.

Experts note rise in number of unhealthy kids in PH

MANILA -- Health experts on Wednesday reported that more Filipino children are not growing up healthily due
to poor diet, inadequate nutrition, and defective food systems.
During a media forum in Makati City, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) cited that one out of three
Filipino children under five years old is stunted - they are too short for their age - while 7 percent of them are
too thin for their height.
The organization also reported that a tenth of Filipino adolescents is overweight.
UNICEF Philippines representative Oyun Dendevnorov said apart from being stunted and overweight, Filipino
children and adolescents have increased vulnerability to diseases due to poor health-seeking behavior,
incomplete immunization, poor hygiene and care practices, and inadequate diet.
“The undernutrition facts in the Philippines are disturbing. One in three 12 to 23-month-old children suffers from
anemia while one in three children is irreversibly stunted by the age of two. On the other hand, one in 10
adolescents is obese from wrong eating habits,” Dendevnorov added.
UNICEF nutrition specialist Dr. Rene Galera, meanwhile, reported that one in two children suffers from hidden
hunger due to deficiencies in vitamins and essential nutrients.
"This heavy toll is made all the more insidious by the fact that hidden hunger is rarely noticed until it is too late
to do anything. And, the numbers of women and children and women affected by various forms of hidden
hunger are striking as UNICEF estimates that at least 340 million children are under five suffer from
micronutrient deficiencies," Galera added.
Department of Health Disease Prevention and Control Bureau officer-in-charge Dr. Anthony Calibo said
undernutrition among children and adolescents could be a challenge because they have easy access to
processed and sugary food, especially in schools.
“As children, they don’t know what food to ask, but depend on adults and their caregivers to know what food
they need to grow healthily and avoid preventable, non-communicable diseases in the future such as diabetes
and hypertension,” Calibo said.
“Driving food suppliers to do the right thing for children, building healthy food environments, mobilizing
supportive systems to scale up nutrition results, and collection and use of quality data and evidence to
regularly track progress are a few of the ways by which we can prioritize children’s nutrition,” he said.
National Nutrition Council executive director Dr. Azucena Dayanghirang said the national government, through
the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) 2017-2022, is “exerting all its efforts” to address malnutrition
among children.
“One of the strategic thrusts of the PPAN 2017-2022 is the focus on the first 1,000 days of life, which refers to
the period of pregnancy up to the first two years of the child, wherein key health, nutrition, early education, and
related services should be delivered to ensure optimum physical and mental development of a child,”
Dayanghirang said.

120K in Western Pacific get infected with HIV each year: WHO
MANILA -- The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Thursday that an estimated 120,000 people in the
Western Pacific region are still being infected with HIV each year, with a significant increase in new infections
in the Philippines.
WHO said current HIV prevention efforts in the region focus on key populations, such as men who have sex
with men, people who inject drugs and sex workers.
"These efforts include the use of antiretrovirals as pre-exposure prophylaxis, community-based HIV testing and
partner notification, and transitioning to newer and more effective drug regimens," WHO said in a statement.
The good news is that more and more HIV patients in the region have access to HIV treatment, the United
Nations health agency added.
WHO noted "progress" in access to HIV treatment in the region, which has grown from 34 percent in 2014 to
59 percent in 2018, with 1.11 million of an estimated 1.9 million people living with HIV on antiretroviral
treatment.
WHO added that hepatitis remains "a key challenge" for the region, with an estimated 115 million people with
chronic hepatitis B infection and 14 million with chronic hepatitis C infection.
Currently, WHO said only 17 percent are diagnosed and a mere 3 percent are receiving treatment.
Chronic hepatitis B and C are the most common causes of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, according to WHO.
At the 17th session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Western Pacific being held in Manila since
Monday, health leaders agreed to develop a nine-year action plan to eradicate hepatitis.
"Delegates emphasized the need to overcome barriers to testing and treatment, since too few people are
aware they are infected with hepatitis, or receive the medications to treat it," WHO added.
WHO said it will continue working with countries, experts and partners to develop a hepatitis regional action
plan for 2021 to 2030.
Responding to rising rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in some countries, delegates also
welcomed support from WHO to estimate the number of people infected, intensify surveillance and update
treatment guidelines.
WHO said stigma, discrimination and inequitable access to services, particularly among key populations, still
pose challenges in the region for those with HIV, hepatitis and STIs.

DOH inaugurates new drug rehab center in Las Piñas

MANILA -- The Department of Health (DOH) on Monday inaugurated the Las Piñas Drug Abuse and Treatment
Rehabilitation Center in response to President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s call to prioritize and synergize efforts to
stop drug addiction.

In his speech, DOH Secretary Francisco Duque III noted the huge gap between the drug dependents and
treatment facilities, thus the need to establish more state-run treatment centers for substance abuse.

According to the Dangerous Drug Board (DDB), there are about 1.3 million drug dependents in the country.
The number of beds in government and private drug rehabilitation centers totals around 3,216 - not enough to
accommodate the 600,000 drug dependents who have surrendered to the authorities.

The center has an area of 2,735 square meters and a target bed capacity of 300. It aims to address the high
influx of surrenderers and help in the process of rehabilitation and reintegration through the effective alignment
of services and programs at the community level.

“It is important that we sustain the momentum we have established. The DOH is working closely with
government agencies and other stakeholders to strengthen our substance abuse prevention and treatment
programs to ensure that we leave no one behind,” Duque said.

Apart from the DBB, the DOH is working closely with the Department of the Interior and Local Government to
create better communities where drug users are treated and rehabilitated.

Advocate organ donation, DOH-Calabarzon tells health workers

NASUGBU, Batangas -- The regional office of the Department of Health (DOH) on Friday encouraged its
health workers to become organ donors and advocate for organ donation in their respective communities.

Director of DOH 4-A (Calabarzon), Dr. Eduardo Janairo, noted that about 128 patients were waiting for organ
donation in the country. He said 15 patients had been given replacement organs and seven organs came from
deceased organ donors were ready to be transplanted as of last March.

"Some of these patients are lucky to get their organs replaced but most of them die in waiting due to lack of
donor,” Janairo said.

To promote this advocacy and raise awareness of the importance of organ donation, DOH 4-A held a three-
day "Orientation on Kidney and Organ Donation" for its medical practitioners and barangay health workers
here from September 30 to October 2.

Regional Non-Communicable Disease cluster head, Dr. Marilou R. Espiritu, who spearheaded the orientation,
underscored the benefits of being an organ donor.

"It can save and improve the lives of up to eight people, by donating one heart, two lungs, one liver, one
pancreas, two kidneys, and intestines," Espiritu said.

She added that with one donor alone, 50 more lives can be improved and saved with the donation of the eyes
and tissues, among others.

"A voluntary and altruistic act, free and consented where the identity of both the donor and recipient are kept
confidential for the protection of their family’s privacy," Espiritu said, echoing Janairo's call for health workers to
become organ donors and advocate for organ donation in their respective communities.

Organ donation is the giving of an organ or part of an organ to be transplanted into another individual, while
organ transplantation is the medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one’s body and placed in
the body of another person to replace a damaged or missing organ.

Republic Act 7170, also known as the Organ Donation Act of 1991, and amended by Republic Act 7885,
identifies the human transplantable organs -- the kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, intestines, and pancreas, as well
as human tissues, such as eye tissues, bones, skin, and blood vessels.

A 2018 report from the DOH’s Health Facilities and Services Bureau cited that there are 28 transplant centers
in the country – 13 in Metro Manila and 15 in various provinces. Two transplant facilities can be found in
Batangas – the Mary Mediatrix Medical Center in Lipa and St. Frances Cabrini Medical Center in Sto. Tomas.

The Philippines has 41 active transplant surgeons, 593 nephrologists, and 562 dialysis centers.

DOH-Bicol calls for hygienic defecation to prevent polio

LEGAZPI CITY -- The Center for Health Development in Bicol is calling on all local government units in the
region to strictly implement the Zero Open Defecation (ZOD) program of the agency to prevent oro-fecal
transmitted diseases including polio.

"Polio or poliomyelitis is a fatal and disabling disease but a preventable viral infection," said Dr. Ernie Vera,
Department of Health-Bicol regional director, in a press conference on Tuesday at La Roca Veranda Suites in
this city.
Vera said they want LGUs to identify areas or households with incomplete or unsanitary toilet facilities and to
pass local public health policies specifically on the strict implementation of ZOD.

"Immunizations, proper hygiene, proper toilet facilities, food sanitation are the best preventive measures
against this highly infectious disease," he said.

Vera said LGUs must require all households in the community to have proper sanitary toilet facilities, thereby
reducing oro-fecal transmitted diseases.

Food establishments must also adhere to the food safety guidelines and ensure all food handlers have sanitary
permits issued by their local health departments. “Food workers especially cook and waiters must observe
proper hand hygiene practices all the time," he said.

"We are reminding the public to practice good personal hygiene by washing hands regularly after use of toilets,
before preparing foods or eating; to use sanitary toilets, to drink safe water and to cook food thoroughly," Vera
said.

PH still polio-free country: DOH

By Ma. Teresa Montemayor September 26, 2019, 2:12 pm
MANILA -- The Philippines remains a polio-free country, an official of the Department of Health (DOH) said
Thursday.

“Technically, the WHO (World Health Organization) clarified that Philippines is still polio-free kasi ang polio-free
means na-eradicate natin ang (because polio-free means we have eradicated the) wild polio virus or the
naturally occurring virus. The two cases we had are vaccine-derived and not wild polio virus,” DOH
Undersecretary Rolando Enrique Domingo said on the sidelines of the Generics Month press conference.

On Sept. 19, the DOH declared the reemergence of polio in the country, 19 years after the WHO declared
Philippines polio-free.

“A vaccine-derived polio is from the vaccine we have taken and eliminated from our body tapos napunta sa
tubig tapos nakain natin uli, naidumi ulit (then it goes to the water and then we eat it, and eliminate again),
which after several years undergo a bit of mutations when the process is repeated,” Domingo said.

He added the mutations cause the virus in the vaccine, which does not cause disease, to “eventually regain its
ability to cause disease especially among the children”.

While Domingo stressed that there is no case of wild polio in the country, he said the government is consistent
with its efforts to immunize all children under five years to protect them from the disease.

“We’re meeting with the WHO and the UNICEF for the vaccines they will be providing us. We have routine
vaccination for the other areas but we will be implementing extra vaccination in areas where there is active
circulation since we have environmental monitoring of the whole country,” he said.

When asked about the polio case in Cotabato, Domingo clarified that it is an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case
and not polio.

“Our surveillance of polio includes AFP which includes kids who will get sick and experience sudden
weakening of the lower extremities. We have their stool samples taken and then tested to check if it is positive
with polio because AFP can also be caused by other diseases,” he said.

Domingo added there are only two confirmed cases in the country -- one each in Lanao del Sur and Calamba,
Laguna -- but the DOH is monitoring seven AFP cases in Zamboanga and one case in Cotabato.

“We’re making a more intensive campaign against polio to make sure it won’t come back. It will be an outbreak
response type of immunization,” he said.

DOH urges parents anew to complete kids' vaccination

MANILA -- The Department of Health (DOH) on Wednesday urged parents to ensure that their children receive
the complete dose of all recommended vaccines in their first year of life.

In a statement, the DOH stressed the importance of protecting infants and children from other vaccine-
preventable diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, apart from measles and polio.

The DOH- Epidemiology Bureau (EB) said it has been monitoring the cases of diphtheria and other infectious
diseases on a regular basis.

“From January 2019 to September 2019, there have been 167 cases and 40 deaths compared to 122 cases
and 30 deaths cases in the same period in 2018. The reasons for the trend are being investigated,” it added.

Aside from heightened immunization, the DOH-EB said the anti-toxin for diphtheria is available in the country
through World Health Organization’s while antibiotics for diphtheria like penicillin, erythromycin, clarithromycin,
and azithromycin, are locally and commercially available.

“With our campaign, Back to bakUna, Una sa Lahat ang Bakuna, we call on our local chief executives, local
government health workers, other health professionals, and civil society groups to work together to reach every
child and ensure that they receive the vaccines on time,” the DOH said.

PH named focus country for childhood cancer global initiative

MANILA -- The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated the Philippines as the first focus country in
the Western Pacific for the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer.

“One year ago, the United Nations established this initiative at the UN General Assembly. The country was
selected because of its tremendous efforts happening on the ground where the pediatric society and the civil
society have mobilized such momentum on behalf of the patients and their families,” said Dr. Catherine Lam,
WHO Collaborating Center for Childhood Cancer co-director, at the National Childhood Cancer Stakeholder
press conference in Pasay City on Wednesday.

Lam added that strong political commitment and foundation efforts supporting children with cancer as proven
by the passage of twin health legislations -- the Universal Health Care (UHC) Act and the National Integrated
Cancer Control (NICC) Act.

Dr. Patricia Alcasabas, president of the Philippine Society of Pediatric Oncology, said there are at least 4,788
Filipino children identified with cancer annually.

“The country has 130 hospitals treating children with cancer but only three have dedicated pediatric oncology
wards, of which two are in Metro Manila and one in Davao,” she said.

Through the global initiative, Alcasabas said stakeholders of childhood cancer aim to increase the prioritization
of the disease at national and global levels and increase the government’s capabilities to provide quality
services for children.

While many projects are yet to be done to ensure better outcomes for children with cancer, Philippine Cancer
Society representative, Dr. Adriano Laudico, said the government has been consistent in providing help for
children with cancer.

“For almost ten years now the government has been giving free chemotherapy agents for acute lymphocytic
leukemia which is the most curable type of childhood cancer,” Laudico said.

For his part, Department of Health Undersecretary Rolando Enrique Domingo said the government is keen on
the effective treatment of childhood cancer.

“We have the cheap medicines act which gives access to affordable and quality medicines… PhilHealth has
also expanded their benefit packages, and leukemia is one disease to which we give more compared to other
packages,” Domingo said.

No threatening diphtheria cases in PH: DOH

MANILA -- There is no threatening trend concerning diphtheria — a bacterial infection affecting the nose and
throat — in the country, a health official said Wednesday.

“We’re getting around 150 cases a year, pero hindi naman (but it is not that) significant. 2018 is actually less
compared to 2017,” Department of Health (DOH) Undersecretary Rolando Enrique Domingo said in a press
conference during the National Childhood Cancer Stakeholders workshop in Pasay City.

Domingo made the clarification following reports stating the emergence of diphtheria cases in several regions
in the country.

“Ang important kasi sa diphtheria ay makontrol mo agad basta nagkaroon ng isang kaso (The important thing
about diphtheria is control as soon as a case arises) to make sure it doesn’t spread, giving antibiotics to all the
contacts. So far we haven’t had outbreaks with continuous spread or transmission,” he said.

According to data from the DOH-Epidemiology Bureau, 183 cases of diphtheria were reported in 2018 but only
55 of them were confirmed, including 13 deaths.

“Vaccination is still the number one prevention for diphtheria, which is given at one-and-a-half months, and
before the child turns four months, vaccines should be complete and of course, early treatment and
management of cases,” Domingo said.

Fever, cough, colds, swelling of the throat, and difficulty in breathing and eating are the common symptoms of
diphtheria.

“We’re still confirming if the Manila student is a case of diphtheria. Kung positive talaga siya sa diphtheria lahat
ng (If she has diphtheria, all her) possible contacts must be given antibiotics,” Domingo said.

He noted the availability of vaccines for diphtheria and other diseases, which are distributed to regions
nationwide by the Family Health Office.

When asked if the DOH’s immunization program would be affected by the budget cut, Domingo said it remains
comprising the biggest part of the agency’s budget.

“It shouldn’t be affected by the budget cut and we have about PHP7.4 billion a year for vaccines and the supply
to the community is really continuous and complete since we buy them for all children for that particular year,”
Domingo said.

"Nanghihingi pa talaga kami ng restoration ng funding, especially sa PhilHealth natin, iyong (We're still
requesting for the restoration of funding, especially for PhilHealth, the) expanded primary health care packages
but we haven’t discussed (it) with the Department of Budget and Management because (Health) Secretary
(Francisco) Duque is in Geneva," he added.
Aborsyo sa Ngayon at sa Hinaharap

Critical Analysis Paper

Ipinasa ni:
Belen V. Belando
10- Dagohoy

Ipinasa kay:
G. Antonio Vergara
Guro sa Araling Panlipunan 10

Oktubre 2019
 Panimula

Sa pagtaas ng populasyon ng isang papalagong bansa gaya ng Pilipinas, hindi maiiwasang maibsan ang tala
o datos ng mga supling na ipinalalaglag o abortion taon-taon. Sa katunayan, halos 3.4 milyong kaso ng
abortion o pagpapalaglag ang naitala na kung iisipin ay sadyang malaki sa bilang at isang gawi na hindi
makatarungan sa parehong mapanghusgang mata ng Diyos at ng tao.
Ayon sa isang pag-aaral na halos 41% ng mga babaeng nabubuntis ay hindi inaasahan ang ganitong
sitwasyon odi kaya’y hindi ninais ang pagkabuo ng supling sa sinapupunan nito (unwanted) at mahigit 17%
naman ng mga kababaihang pumapasok sa yugto ng buhay na ito ang sinasabing hindi napapanahon
(mistimed). Pinapatunayan lamang nito na hindi sapat ang mga hakbang na isinasagawa ng gobyerno sa
pagsugpo at pagmulat nito sa mamamayan nitong mali ang perspektibo saganitong uri ng taliwas na
pamamaraan.
Masasabing dahil dito, maaaari itong maging balakid sa paglago ng mga mamamayan nito.Ikanga,ang
mamamayan ang kayamanan ng isang bansa at maituturing silang importanteng kabahagi ng kasarinlan at
pagkakakilanlan ng isang bansa.
Batid ng analysis na ito ang masusing pagsusuri sa isang napapanahong isyu ngayong siglo: ang aborsyo.
Anumang nilalaman nito ay hango pulos sa mga datos na naitala mula sa mga mapagkakatiwalaang sangguni
at mga napatunayang pag-aaral mula saiba’t-ibang organisasyon at ahensya sa bansa at sa iba pang panig ng
mundo.

Suliranung Panlipunan: Aborsyo

Base sa natala, makikitang malaki ang diperensya ng mga pagbubuntis na wala sa panahon (mistimed), hundi
ginusto (unwanted), at hindi napagplanuhan o napaghandaan (misplanned). Dahil dito, malaki ang bahagdan
ng mga supling na pinalalaglag na maituturing na isang hindi makataong kilos na sa katunayan ay dapat na
pinangaangalagaan imbis na ipagsabalewala.
Pinapakita rin dito na malaking implikasyon sa pagpapalaglag ng anak aydahil sa iba't ibang uri ng
pamamaraan at dahilan. Isa ay dahil hindi napagplanuhan o napagisipan ang ginawang aksyon, wala sa
bokabularyo ang pagbubuntis at wala sa tamang panahon ang pagkakabuo ng supling na siyang magbubukas
sa isa pang problemang kinahaharap ng bansa na premarital sex at teenage pregnancy.
Pagsusuri sa Datos
Masasabing ang malaking antas ng mga supling na hindi ginusto, napagplanuhan o napaghandaan ay isa ring
dahilan kung bakit mas pinipili ng mga ina na ipalaglag na lamang ang kanilang mg anak. Masasabi rin na
dahil sa kahirapan sa buhay, walang sapat na kakayahan na magpalaki ng anak, at hindi pagtanggap sa
parating na supling ay isa sa mga napipintong dahilan kung bakit ang aborsyo ay talamak lalo na't karaniwan
itong ginagawa sa pamamagitan ng mali at delikadong pamamaraan.
Sa kabuuan, isa ang aborsyo sa mga isyung nakakabahala at nakakaalarma na kung hindi gagawan ng
paraan ay maaaring isang malaking suliranin na kailangang solusyonan ng bansa at mamamayan nito.

Konklusyon
Masasabing malaki ang gampanin ng aborsyo hindi lamang sa populasyon maging sa kalusugang pisikal at
pangkaisipan ng isang tao. Pinatutunayan lamang nito na kung aangat pa ng mga 18% ng mga nagbubuntis
ang umaabot sa aborsyon, maaari itong maging resulta sa pagkamatay ng parehong ina at anak dahil sa
maling paraan ng pagpapalaglag na kung iisipin ay mali talaga.
Pinatutunayan din dito na malaking impluwensya sa pag papalaglag o aborsyo ang mga panloob at pansariling
aspeto tulad ng mga sumusunod.
a.) walang katuwang sa pag papalaki ng anak,
b.) magkalapit ang edad ng mg anak;
c.) pananahan sa mga rural na bansa;
d.) walang istabilisadon antas ng pag aaral;
e.) may 3 at higit pang bilang ng anak; at iba pa
Dagdag pa rito na naaapektuhan din ng sosyo-ekonomikong aspeto at pangpolitikal na salik ang bilang ng
mga batang ipinalaglag dahil sa mga nabanggit ng dulot o dahilan isa na rito ang pagkakaroon ng hindi
matibay at hindi pangmatagalang solusyon ng pamahalaan ukol dito at ang antas ng kahirapan na dinaranas
ng babae sa buhay o anumang yugto ng buhay nito.
Kung iisipin, ang aborsyo ay naaapektuha ng maraming salik, aspeto at mga sirkumstansya at
nangangailangan ng produktibong solusyon opang masolusyonan at matugunan ang kanilang kahirapan.

Solusyon
Maaaring sa pamamagitan ng ibat-ibang uri ng interbensyon at pag-aaral ay maaaring maimulat ang mga
babaeng papasok ng child-bearing years at mga babaeng nalilito upang maiwasan ang pagdami ng mga kaso
ng aborsyon sa loob ng bansa sa paraang ito,maaaring masiguro na walang buhay ang mawawala o masisira
kung patutupad husto ang patakaran at solusyong ihahain sa mga mamamayan- ito ang mga maaaring
solusyon :
a.) Pagluluklok ng tamang kaalaman na may kinalaman sa masamang epekto ng aborsyo sa ina at sa kanyang
magiging supling;
b.) Pagkakaroon ng mga seminars na may kinalaman sa dulot ng aborsyo sa pisikal at mental na paglago at
paglaki ng bata sa loob ng sinapupunan ng ina;
c.) Pagpapamulat sa mga estudyante sa kahalagahan ng pagiging mulat at maingat upang maiwasan ang
maagang pagkabuntis; at
d.) Paghihigpit ng mga parusa at pagpataw ng kaukulang kaparusahan kung sino man ang sumubok
magpalaglag ng supling sa mali at delikadong paraan.
Kung ito ay pag-iigihan at pagbibigyang-pansin ng pamahalaan o responsableng ahensya ng gobyerno ay
tiyak na misisiguradong ang kaligtasan at kamulatan ng mga mamamayan nito laban sa kontemporaryong isyu
na ito ay tiyak na masusugpo at masosolusyonan.
GLOBALISASYON
- pandaigdigang ekonomiya ng malayang kalakalan at pangkalakalang liberalisasyon
GLOBALISASYONG EKONOMIKO
- sentro sa isyung globalisasyon na umiinog sa kalakalan ng mga produkto at serbisyo
- o isa rin ang Globalisayong Ekonomiko sa tatlong tipo ng globalisasyon na tumutukoy sa pagtaas ng interaksyon
ng mga bansa at malalaking mangangalakal na nagreresulta sa pagkawasak ng mga borders at mga limitasyon
Sa ilalim rin nito, mas napapabilis ang paglawak at pagkalat ng teknolohiya, kultural at kapital.
* May dalawang uri ng kompanyang umiiral sa buong mundo lalo na sa ikatlong daigdig ito ay ang:
MULTINATIONAL AT TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES (MNCs & TNCs)
Ayon sa United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations & Investment, ang TNC any tumutukoy sa mga
kompanya o negosyong nagtatatag ng pasilidad sa ibang bansa.
Ang korporasyong transasyunal ay mga kompanyang nagmula sa isang partikular na bansa at malawak ang
paglaganap ng negosyo nito sa buong mundo.
Samantala, ang MNC naman ay ang pangkalahatang katawagan na tumutukoy sa mga namumuhunang kompanya
sa ibang bansa ngunit ang mga produkto o ang mga serbisyong ipinagbibili ay hindi nakabatay sa
pangangailangang lokal ng pamilihan.
Ang Multinational companies ay korporasyon kung saan nag-gagawa sila ng operasyon hindi lamang sa bansang
pinagtatagan ng naturang kompanya.
Dinala ng mga korporasyong nabanggit ang mga produkto at serbisyong naging bahagi na ng pang araw-araw na
pamumuhay nating mga Pilipino.
Malaki ang implikasyon ng pag-usbong ng mga multinational at transnational corporations sa isang bansa. Lumalaki
ang kompetisyon sa pamilihan dahil sa pagdami ng produkton kung kaya't ang ibang produkto ay bumababa ang
halaga. Bukod dito, nakalilikha rin ito ng mga trabaho para sa mga manggagawang Pilipino.
Ngunit sa kabila ng magagandang epekto nito ay meron ring kaakibat na suliraning nakaapekto sa mga Pilipino.
Isa na rito ang pagkalugi ng mga lokal na namumuhunan dahil sa 'di patas na kompetisyon dala ng multinational at
transnational corporations na mayroong napakalaking puhunan. Kaya't maraming nagsasarang mga
namumuhunang lokal.
Malaki rin ang kakayahan nitong impluwensyahan ang polisiya na ipinatutupad ng pamahalaan nga iba't-ibang
bansa. Nakukuha ang mga pabor na ito sa pamamagitan ng pananakot na ilipat ang kanilang pamumuhunan
patungo sa ibang bansa. Nagdudulot ito ng malaking agwat ng mga mayayaman at mahihirap dahil sa pagyaman at
paglakas ng mga MNCs at TNCs.
Outsourcing
-Tumutukoy ang outsourcing sa pagkuha ng isang kompanya ng
serbisyo mula sa isang kompanya na may kaukulang bayad. �
Pangunahing layunin nito na mapagaan ang gawain ng isang kompanya upang mapagtuunan nila ng pansin ang sa
palagay nila ay higit na mahalaga. �
Halimbawa: Isang halimbawa nito ay ang paniningil ng utang ng isang institusyong pinansyal sa mga credit card
holders nito. Sa halip na sila ang direktang maningil, minabuti ng ilang kompanya na i-outsource mula sa ibang
kompanya ang paniningil sa mga kliyente sa kanilang pagkakautang.
�
Maaaring uriin ang outsourcing batay sa uri ng ibinibigay na
serbisyo tulad ng Business Process Outsourcing na tumutugon sa prosesong pangnegosyo ng isang kompanya.
Nariyan din ang
Knowledge Process Outsourcing na nakatuon sa mga gawaing nangangailangan ng mataas na antas ng kaalamang
teknikal tulad ng pananaliksik, pagsusuri ng impormasyon at serbisyong legal.�
Batayan ang Layo o distansya na pinagmulan ng kompanya na siyang magbibigay ng serbisyo o produkto, maaring
uriin ang mga sumusunod:
1. Offshoring- Pagkuha ng serbisyo ng isang kompanya mula sa ibang bansa na naniningil ng mas mababang
bayad.� Ilan sa mga gawaing kalakip nito ay pagbebenta ng produkto at serbisyo, paniningil ng bayad sa nagamit
na serbisyo at produkto, pagkuha ng order ng isang produkto at serbisyo, pagkuha ng mga impormasyon mula sa
mga mamimili na magagamit ng mga
namumuhunan at mga katulad nitong gawain. Bukod sa pagkakaiba ng oras, karaniwang nagiging suliranin dito ang
pagkakaiba ng wika at kultura na nakapagpapabagal ng produksyon.
2. Nearshoring- Tumutukoy sa pagkuha ng serbisyo mula sa kompanya
sa kalapit na bansa. Layunin nitong iwasan ang mga suliraning kaakibat ng offshoring sapagkat inaasahan na ang
kalapit bansang pagmumulan
ng serbisyo ay may pagkakahawig kung di man pagkakatulad sa wika
at kultura ng bansang nakikinabang sa paglilingkod nito.
3. Onshoring- Tinatawag ding domestic outsourcing na nangangahulugan ng pagkuha ng serbisyo sa isang
kompanyang mula din sa loob ng
bansa na nagbubunga ng higit na mababang gastusin sa operasyon.
OFW Bilang Manipestasyon ng Globalisasyon�
-Kung mayroon mang isang buhay na manipestasyon ng
globalisasyon sa ating bansa, ito ay ang mga manggagawang Pilipino
na nangingibang-bayan upang magtrabaho o maghanapbuhay.
Sa katunayan, malaking bahagdan ng manggagawang Pilipino ay matatagpuan sa iba’t ibang panig ng daigdig
partikular sa Timogkanlurang Asya tulad ng Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates at Silangang Asya tulad ng
South Korea,Japan, Taiwan, Hongkong at
China.
Maging sa kontinente ng Europe at America tulad ng Canada at
United States ay kakikitaan ng mga manggagawang Pilipino.
Ang pangingibang-bayan ng manggagawang Pilipino ay
nagsimula sa panahon ni dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos bilang panandaliang tugon sa budget deficit ng
kaniyang administrasyon. Naging matagumpay ang stop gap measure na ito.