Kongsberg EM 2040C

Multibeam echo sounder

Software release note

Release 1.5.1

378272/Rev. X
November 2017 © Kongsberg Maritime AS
Document history
Document number: 378272
Rev. X November 2017 New release for EM 2040C.

Note
The information contained in this document remains the sole property of Kongsberg Maritime AS. No part
of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means, and the information contained
within it is not to be communicated to a third party, without the prior written consent of Kongsberg
Maritime AS.

The information contained in this document is subject to change without prior notice. Kongsberg
Maritime AS shall not be liable for errors contained herein, or for incidental or consequential damages in
connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this document.

Registered trademarks
Observe the registered trademarks that apply.
EM® is a registered trademark of Kongsberg Maritime AS in Norway and other countries.

© 2017 Kongsberg Maritime AS. All rights reserved.

Kongsberg Maritime AS
www.kongsberg.com
 Software release note

Table of contents

INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 5
SOFTWARE RELEASE 1.5.1 ................................................ 8
Seafloor Information System (SIS) ..........................................................................8
Processing Unit (PU) Software ...............................................................................8
Changes since release 1.5.0. .......................................................................... 8
Changes since release 1.4.4. .......................................................................... 9
Changes since release 1.4.3. ........................................................................ 10
Changes since release 1.4.2. ........................................................................ 10
Changes since release 1.4.1 ......................................................................... 10
Changes since release 1.4.0 ......................................................................... 11
Information .............................................................................................................12
Software limitations ...............................................................................................12
Known Issues .........................................................................................................13
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION ............................................. 14
Software upgrade for SIS .......................................................................................14
Software reinstallation/upgrade for EM 2040C .....................................................15
Software upgrade program .......................................................................... 15
DOCUMENTATION ........................................................... 18
New features in SIS 4.1.5 .......................................................................................20

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4 378272/Rev. X
 Introduction

Introduction

This document presents the software release documentation for the Kongsberg EM
2040C Multibeam echo sounder.
The software for the EM 2040C, version 1.5.1, is released for HWS Operator station
with Seafloor Information System version 4.3.2.
See release note for Seafloor Information System (SIS) for information about this
software.
SIS Software Release Note Version 4.3.2 [881-164890].
Note
Note that some SIS features will require a hardware licence eToken.

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Kongsberg EM 2040C

EM 2040C can be operated from two different types of PUs.

The slim Multibeam PU, EM 2040C-2, has a new beamformer card called CBMF. One
CBMF card replaces four BSP cards and the IO2040 card in one PU.
The EM 2040C-2 is configured with one or two CBMF cards. Each CBMF card
processes data from one swath.

Picture of the slim PU, EM 2040C-2

This release also covers the Multibeam PU, EM 2040C-1. The EM 2040C-1 support
dual head, in a setup with one PU for each EM 2040C sonar head.

Picture of the PU, EM 2040C-1

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 Introduction

Table 1 Modules comprised EM 2040C by this software release 1.5.1

Unit Module Version Date Remark

OS SIS Release 4.3.2 February 2015
PU. EM multibeam PU with CON_TECH_CP_432_CPU
2040C–1
Multibeam PU CPU 1.1.6 Aug. 14. 2016
BSP67B Master 1.2.0 Apr. 29. 2013
BSP67B Slave 1.2.0 Apr. 29. 2013
VxW 6.7 March 14. 2011
FILTER 1.0.1 Jan. 2. 2013
IO 2040 1.06 Sept. 14. 2012
PU. EM multibeam PU with CON_TECH_PP_833_SMP_CPU
2040C–2
slim Multibeam CPU 2.3.0 Oct. 20. 2017 New version
PU CBMF 1.08 Sept. 8. 2017 New version
VxW 6.9 Nov. 23. 2015
FILTER 1.1.1 Oct. 14. 2015
Sonar Head TX 1.01 Feb. 3. 2014
Sonar Head RX 1.00 Sept. 28. 2012

The installation of operator software (SIS) should be done in accordance with the
installation instructions.

Related topics
• SIS Software Release Note Version 4.3.2 [881-164890].

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Software Release 1.5.1

This software is for use with Kongsberg EM 2040C system and a HWS Operator Station.
The Installation Media contains the Seafloor Information System (SIS) software, the
Processing Unit software and the user documentation.
The information in this release note describes changes in the Processing Unit software.
For changes in the Operator station software (SIS), refer to the SIS Software Release Note.

Seafloor Information System (SIS)

This release includes SIS 4.3.2, for features and limitations, see release note for Seafloor
Information System.

Processing Unit (PU) Software

Note
This release can only be upgraded from a HWS with Windows 7, 64 Bit.

Note
Turn the PU off and on before upgrading the system. This to avoid CBMF hang up.

Changes since release 1.5.0.

Changes for EM 2040C-2

• Fixed an issue where the swath would collapse when steered above 90 degrees.
• Fixed an issue in CBMF Firmware.
This could cause a difference in depths for the two swaths, in a Dual Swath system.

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 Software Release 1.5.1

Changes for PU, EM 2040C-1

• EM 2040C TX bulk delay was optimized to improve the ping rate in release 1.4.0
(Sept. 2015).
The bulk delay was reduced 54 us before the start of the first pulse. This delay change
was not accounted for in the CPU software. This is now corrected.

Changes since release 1.4.4.

Changes for EM 2040C-2
• Special TVG improved
• Sound velocity fix for non SIS users. The PU will discard sound velocity values
outside the range 1300-1710 m/s.
• EM 2040C TX bulk delay was optimized to improve the ping rate in release 1.4.0
(Sept. 2015).
The bulk delay was reduced 54 us before the start of the first pulse. This delay change
was not accounted for in the CPU software. This is now corrected.
• Footprint size for BS calculation and effective pulse length.
The amplitude of the CW
pulses is normally shaded by
a Hanning window (sin2) to
avoid frequency leakage, and
the RX and TX beams are
shaded to reduce sidelobes.
Definitions
– Ωeff = Effective
beamwidth = beam pattern
at - 3 dB = the energy
(integral) of the beam.
– Teff = Effective pulse
length = -3 dB points =
the energy (integral) of the
shaded pulse
– Tnom = Nominal pulse length =1/B_3dB where B_3dB is the -3 dB bandwidth of
the pulse
The instantaneous footprint across on a flat bottom is normally limited by the RX
beamwidth at small incidence angles and by the TX pulse length at larger incidence
angles. Effective beamwidths and Effective pulse lengths are used when calculating
the footprint size.
The energy (integral) of the shaded CW pulse is 37.5 % of a rectangular pulse.
Example: A CW pulse with Hanning shading with a total length of 37 μs has 25 us
Nominal pulse length and 14 μs Effective pulse length.
Changes since previous models:
Effective pulse length (instead of Nominal pulse length) is now used when

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– Reporting pulse length in the Runtime datagram

– Calculating the TVG used for backscatter level (BS). This use of Nominal pulse
length made the footprint area to large and the BS level 2.5 dB to low. The
calculation of the TVG footprint area did not take into account that the beamwidth
is frequency dependent. This is now corrected

Changes for PU, EM 2040C-1

• EM 2040C TX bulk delay was optimized to improve the ping rate in release 1.4.0
(Sept. 2015).
The bulk delay was reduced 54 us before the start of the first pulse. This delay change
was not accounted for in the CPU software. This is now corrected.

Changes since release 1.4.3.

There is no changes in PU software for this release.
See release note for Seafloor Information System, document number: 881–164890 / BL.

Changes since release 1.4.2.

Changes for EM 2040C-2

• Fixed an issue with Doppler Correction for EM 2040C Dual Head Single Swath
systems.
The Doppler correction was not calculated correctly for starboard head.
• The Penetration Filter Strength WEAK is improved.

Changes since release 1.4.1

Changes for EM 2040C-2

• Fixed an issue with the Operating System (VxWorks) Relevant to systems having an
extra hard drive mounted on the CPU board.
If this hard drive had been initialized using an operating system different from
VxWorks, it could not be mounted by VxWorks.
• Fixed an issue with the ping frequency.
The ping rate would be reduced noticeably when pulse frequencies from 360 kHz
and above, were selected.
• Fixed an issue in the calculation of backscatter in Dual Head systems. This could
cause large jumps in backscatter level ,when changing frequency.
• In an EM 2040C Dual Head system, it is now possible to configure the system with
different beamspacing on port and starboard head.
Available when running SIS version 4.3 or higher.

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 Software Release 1.5.1

Changes since release 1.4.0

Changes for EM 2040C-2

• Fixed an issue with the filter files. This would cause faulty beams in the Water
Column display when choosing the Pulse Type = “Very Short CW”.

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Kongsberg EM 2040C

Information
→Filter and Gains→
• Runtime parameter→ → Filtering
Enabling the Special TVG option in the Filter and Gain menu will normally reduce
problems with multipath at shallow water. Remember to turn off Special TVG in
deep water to keep sufficient coverage.
• Runtime parameter→ →Sounder Main→ →Depth Settings → Frequency
For Dual Head, Single Head Dual Swath and Dual Head Dual Swath systems, the
following limitations apply.
These systems require different frequencies for the different heads and/or swaths. For
a Dual Head system in Dual Swath mode, four different frequencies are used.
There must be a certain frequency separation between the heads and/or swaths. The
operator may choose a frequency in 10 kHz steps. The PU will select a slightly lower
frequency for one head and/or swath, and a slightly higher frequency for the other
head and/or swath. The required separation is a function of used pulse length - the
shorter the pulse is, the larger the frequency separation needs to be. The average
of the used frequencies, rounded up to the nearest 10 kHz, will be shown in the
Numerical Display.
Because of the limitations above, when the highest or lowest frequencies are selected
by the operator, the Numerical Display may show a different number. This will be the
average of the frequencies chosen and currently used, by the PU.
For Dual Head systems, and Single Head Dual Swath mode, the shortest possible
Pulse Type is Short CW.
For Dual Head Dual Swath mode, the shortest Pulse Type is Medium CW.
In SIS Runtime parameters->Depth Settings menu, it is possible to select frequencies
and Pulse Types not supported by the sounder. The Numerical Display will show the
actual frequency and pulse type used.

Software limitations
Note
SVP profile. There is a limitation on the size of the sound velocity profile. The file used
by the PU must be maximum 30 kB and maximum 1000 depth points. The profile can be
edited and decimated in the SIS SVP editor.

• Stave display
– The stave display is only intended for testing, and should be turned off during
normal surveying.
– Activation of stave display will introduce periodic gaps between pings.
– The data shown in the stave display will be some pings delayed, which can lead
to a mismatch with the displayed TVG curve, and rubbish data at the lower part
of the display.

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 Software Release 1.5.1

– If bottom track is lost, or when pulse length is changed, the data in the stave
display may be incorrectly scaled.
• Runtime parameter → Sounder Main → Depth Settings → Detector Mode.
Detector mode Min. Depth is not fully tested.
• PTP clock synchronization is not implemented. If selected from SIS, the PU disables
the synchronization. (No sync.)

Known Issues
• Firmware upgrade.
It is assumed that all RXs have the same firmware version, and that all TXs have the
same version.
Because of this, the PU will only report the version of the first head of each type, it
finds.
If one head is replaced, we might get a case where the two heads of the same type,
have different firmware versions.
Running BIST 15, Software Date/Version an error will be reported.
When starting the program to upgrade the firmware (EMSWUpgrade), the PU might
report the version found in the head with the wrong firmware. If so, you will be able
to upgrade the head with the correct version.
On the other hand, if the PU reports the version found in the head with correct
firmware, you will not be allowed to upgrade the firmware for the heads.
To get around this, turn off the PU. Disconnect the head with correct firmware, from
the switch, and restart the PU.
Restart the program used for upgrading software/firmware.
The PU should now report the wrong firmware version, and you are able to upgrade
the head.
• External sensor and startup problem
External sensors using the highest baud rate (115200 baud), may not always connect
at system power on. If this happens, press the OK in the Installation and Test menu,
and the external sensor will connect.
• BIST: RX-CPU link
The BIST RX-CPU link is not implemented for the EM 2040C-2 (Slim PU).

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Kongsberg EM 2040C

Software installation

For a new EM 2040C delivery, all necessary software is normally already installed on
the Operator Station (HWS) and Processing Unit.
The installed software versions should be checked to ensure that the software is
up-to-date. If not, use the Installation Media to update the software.
The software is installed from the supplied Installation Media (or from the ISO-file
downloaded from the KONGSBERG Maritime ftp-server). In some cases, rebooting the
PU will be required during the installation process. After installing the new software,
reboot the PU and run the installation program again to confirm that all software is up
and running with correct versions.
Note
Since release 1.2.6, October 2014 some new functionality has only been implemented for
the EM 2040-2. The EM 2040-1 and EM 2040-2 has different HW. EM 2040-1 has BSP
boards and IO2040 board. EM 2040-2 has CBMF board. The TX Sonar Head and RX
Sonar Head use the same SW for both PU’s

Software upgrade for SIS

For upgrade of SIS follow the installation menu found on the Installation Media, or
follow the Software installation procedure.

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 Software installation

Software reinstallation/upgrade for EM

2040C
Note
This release can only be upgraded from a HWS with Windows 7.

The Installation Media contains all software needed to upgrade the PU software. The
PU needs to be connected to the network, and powered.

Software upgrade program

1
Note
For EM 2040C-2. Please turn power off and on, before the upgrade.

2 Start the Upgrade program from the Upgrade Media.

Wait for the program to recognise the EM 2040C, and press the Compare button.
3 Files that needs to be installed for the upgrade will be marked, click the Upgrade
selected button.

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Kongsberg EM 2040C

4 After the files have been installed in the PU, it might be necessary to update
firmware for some items, TX Sonar Head, RX Sonar Head or IO 2040 board for EM
2040C-1 or CBMF for EM 2040C-2.
Mark the items one at the time, by clicking in the items row, and then click the
Update Firmware for Item button.
For EM 2040C-2 PU upgrade:

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 Software installation

For EM 2040C-1 PU upgrade:

(For Dual Head systems, firmware can only be updated from the Master PU.)

5 For EM 2040C-1 PU, Dual Head system with 2 PUs, repeat 1-3 for the second PU.
6 After that all SW and FW items have been updated, the EM 2040C Multibeam echo
sounder system with all PUs has to be rebooted.

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Kongsberg EM 2040C

Documentation

Note
This release 1.5.1 for EM 2040C, does not have fully updated documentation.
See the SIS release note for more information.

Note

To locate the document, open the Start Menu in the lower left corner of the Windows
Desktop and choose; All programs → SIS → SIS help.

Online help, SIS 4.0

New features for SIS 4.3.2 is documented in SIS release note .
Document registration number: 164739 /J.

SIS Release note

Document registration number: 881–164890 / BN.

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 Documentation

Operator manual, SIS 4.0

Document registration number: 164709 / L.
New features is only documented in SIS 4.3.2 release note.

EM series Datagram format.

Document registration number: 850–160692 / V.

Reference manual for EM 2040C

The reference manual is updated for SIS 4.0.
New feature introduced later is documented in the SIS release note.
Document registration number: 378777 / A

Maintenance manual for EM 2040C

New!
Document registration number: 378511, rev. A.

Installation manual for EM 2040C

Document registration number: 378789 /C

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Kongsberg EM 2040C

New features in SIS 4.1.5

This section describes items added to SIS since Operator manual, SIS 4.0.
• Water column TVG function

The parameters for the water column TVG function can now be set from the Runtime
parameter → Filter and Gains menu. The effect of the log R setting can be seen
directly in the water column display. The effect of the dB Offset setting can usually
not be seen, as it is automatically compensated for in the water column display. The
dB Offset setting is used to adjust the dynamic range of the data stored in the water
column datagrams. The dynamic range without offset is -64 to +64 dB. By setting the
offset to 20 dB, the dynamic range becomes -84 to +44 dB.
Both settings are stored in the water column datagram.
• Sonar mode

Sonar mode can be activated from the Runtime parameters → Filter and Gains
menu. Sonar mode is mainly intended for displaying and logging water column data.
Port and starboard angles and max range for the water column display are set using
the Max. angle and Max. Depth settings in the Runtime parameters → Sounder
Main menu.

These settings will be kept independently of bottom tracking. If Ping Mode is set to
auto, used ping mode will be determined based on the Max. Depth setting. If this is
not desirable, ping mode can be set manually.

20 378272/Rev. X
 Documentation

• Passive mode

Passive mode can be used to identify sources of noise and interference. In passive
mode, no TX pulses are transmitted. Passive mode can only be selected in
combination with sonar mode. The levels shown in Water Column display, Stave
display and Scope display are equivalent to the noise level, minus 100 dB. (I.e. a
noise level of 45 dB will be shown as -55 dB in the displays.) Port and starboard
angle, max range and ping mode are set as for sonar mode.
Water column display, showing bottom echo from interfering echo sounder.:

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Kongsberg EM 2040C

Scope display:

Stave display:

• Penetration Filter
Penetration filter is activated from the Runtime parameters → Filter and Gains ,
and can be set to OFF, WEAK, MEDIUM or STRONG.
At the high frequencies used by EM 2040C, penetration is normally not a problem.
But at very soft bottom, like in some areas in the Baltic Sea, penetration may occur,
The bottom detection then becomes too deep, especially in the close to vertical
beams. To reduce this problem, the penetration filter put extra priority on the first
part of the echo.
On a normal bottom this filter may give to shallow detections. So it is important to
set this filter to off for normal operation!

22 378272/Rev. X
 Documentation

• Beam intensity adjustment

It is now possible to apply Lambert’s law to the data shown in the Beam intensity
display. This is activated from the Runtime parameters → Filter and Gains menu.
In addition to Lambert’s law, the normal incidence beams (defined by the normal
incidence angle) will also be corrected. By enabling this feature, the Beam intensity
display will use the same corrections as the Seabed image display. It is possible to
display gridded beam intensity data in the Geographical window.
Use of the feature is indicated in the Raw range and angle 78 and XYZ 88 datagrams
by setting a bit in the Detection information parameter for each beam. Please refer to
the EM series Datagram format document for further details.
Gridded beam intensity data is shown in the picture below. In the upper part,
Lambert’s law is turned off. In the lower part, Lambert’s law is turned on.

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©2017 Kongsberg Maritime