APIJUN 2015/SUG614 CONFIDENTIAL, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING COURSE CODE : SUG614 EXAMINATION : JUNE 2015 TIME 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 This question paper consists of four (4) questions. 2 ‘Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3 Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet provided by the Faculty ‘Answer ALL questions in English DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA. CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 2 APIJUN 2015/SUG614 QUESTION 1 @) Define the following highlighted (i, i, ii, iv, v and vi) NMEA sentence for DGPS: $GPGGA,172814.0, 3723.46587704, N, 1220226957864, W, 2, 6, 1.2,18.893, M, 25.669, M, 2.0,0031*4F = $GPGGA = 3723.46587704 =N iv = 12202.26957864 vo=w vi = 2 (6 marks) b) Your new survey company would prefer to utilize DGPS as a positioning system for hydrographic surveys. You are required to explain DGPS in terms of the following issues: i) Definition, concept and working principles of GPS and DGPS. ii) Components and functions ili) Accuracy and error iv) Integrity check v) Assumptions to be made (12 marks) ©) One of the methods for hydrographic survey positioning is by optical method. Explain in detail one (1) of the techniques in optical method that can be used for hydrographic Positioning task and the mathematical concept involved in the selected technique. Provide relevant diagrams in your explanations. (7 marks) QUESTION 2 1a) Define the following sonar related terms: i) Beam width ii) Pulse iii) 200 kHz (3 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 3 APIJUN 2015/SUG614 b) Use the following formula to calculate speed of sound for each depth profile based on the tabulated CTDS dataset in Table 1. During bar check calibration, a bar plate is set at 5 m depth from the sea surface, placed directly below the echo sounder transducer with 0.5 m draft. The average speed of sound generated from Table 1 dataset is set into a single-beam echo sounder. The tw.t is recorded as 0.0062 second by the echo sounder. Apply the average speed of sound in order to determine the measured depth. Determine the draft error to be applied in this single-beam echo sounder calibration. What is the exact value for the draft? Vv = 1449.14 + 4.67T - 0.05697? + 0,0003T® + [(1.39-0.012T)(S-35)] + 0.01625D Table 1 CTDS dataset Depth (m) Salinity (ppt) | Temperature (C) 10 33.71 29.27 20 33.75 29.21 30 | 33.83 28.81 | pO 84D 825 (8 marks) ©) Calculate total hours required to complete the following side scan sonar project. The main alignment for a new pipeline route is 40 km length and corridor width is 2 km with proposed pipeline alignment is at the center. The direction of the survey lines is designed parallel to the main alignment of pipeline. Survey speed is set to 4 knots. Final drawing scale is 1: 2000 and survey coverage is 150%. Turing allowance is proposed at 5% of total survey distance. Average water depth is 60 m and side scan tow fish height is proposed at 20 m above seabed. The ttt. is set at 1/6 second with known speed of sound as 1540 mis. (8 marks) 4) Multi-beam echo sounder requires additional sensors to support sounding operations. Name the sensors and explain functions of each sensor. (6 marks) QUESTION 3 a) Based on the side scan sonar image (Figure 1) calculate the coordinate of object A using information below: i) Speed of sound 1540 mis, ii) Tow fish height 1.5 cm on the image ill) T.wt 418 second iv) Side scan roll width: 30. cm © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL, 4 APIJUN 2015/SUG614 Fix 8: E1250m, N4365m + 300m — Figure 1 Side scan sonar negative image (12 marks) b) Discuss on the sources of error in vertical plane and horizontal plane in determining position of side scan sonar tow fish. Suggest ways to minimize the errors in each plane. (8 marks) c) What are the objectives of conducting calibration using bar check for single-beam echo sounder and patch test for multi-beam echo sounder? (5 marks) QUESTION 4 a) Differentiate between straight baseline and normal baseline as stated under UNCLOS. (8 marks) b) Tide of a survey area can be categorized as diumal, semidiurnal or mixed tide. Tidal form factor F could be used to categorize types of tide. Discuss the formula F and the ranges involved in each tide category. With regards to Table 2 determine the type of tide of the survey area. (© Hak Cipta Universiti Toknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 5 APIJUN 2015/SUG614 Table 2 Tidal constituents {Tidal Constituent [Amplitude (cm) Phase (deg SA 7.5 158.1 Ki 16.0 336.3 O11 49 278.3 MM isis SE) | M2 81.3 318.2 I $2 44.3 354.5 (8 marks) ©) The basic theory of tide is based on attraction force between two astronomical bodies Relate this theory in explaining tide generating force. Show how the astronomical bodies position influence the tidal phenomena such as spring tide and neap tide. (7 marks) d) What is meant by bay as stated by UNCLOS? (2 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER © Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA. CONFIDENTIAL,