CONFIDENTIAL AP/JAN 2013/SUG614

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING

COURSE CODE SUG614
EXAMINATION JANUARY 2013
TIME 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of four (4) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

i) the Question Paper

ii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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CONFIDENTIAL 2 AP/JAN 2013/SUG614

QUESTION 1

a) Define three (3) types of baseline; normal, straight and straight archipelagic as stated in
UNCLOS.
(6 marks)

b) Modern echo sounders usually offer a choice of two transmitting frequencies low and
high. Explain the suitability of using both frequencies.
(6 marks)

c) With the aid of a diagram, describe neap and spring tides.

(5 marks)

d) Error in depth measurement could be due to draft of echo sounder transducer and daily
variations of speed of sound. Explain the process to determine the exact draft of the
transducer and daily speed of sound before commencement of sounding at sea.

(8 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) What are the criteria that should be borne in mind when selecting a sounding datum?

(6 marks)

b) The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) allows positioning of survey vessels
and determines accurate depth location relative to the vessel. Discuss the principles and
the main components of DGPS positioning method in hydrographic surveying.
(6 marks)

c) Explain two methods to determine the position of side scan sonar towfish.
(10 marks)

d) How can you provide the mariner with a margin of safety in terms of depth
measurements?
(3 marks)

QUESTION 3

a) In relation to multibeam surveying, what is a patch test and explain the calibration to be
carried out to determine all four parameters.
(10 marks)

b) To convert coordinates from one datum to another, it is necessary to know the datum
transformation and projection parameters. Briefly explain the process and parameters
involved.
(12 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL 3 AP/JAN 2013/SUG614

c) What is the meaning of an island according to Article 121 (1) United Nations Convention
on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
(3 marks)

QUESTION 4

a) Vertical datum can be transferred to the survey area by taking simultaneous tidal
observations over a period of time. Figure 1 and 2 below consists of tidal data at Lumut
Port and Teluk Senangin. You are required to calculate the value of chart datum above
zero tide gauge at Teluk Senangin as these two areas are experiencing semi-diurnal tide
and True Spring Mean Level at the Lumut Port is not known.

Tide Reading
(Refer to chart datum)

2.740m 2.683m
2.496m

1.152m
1.014m
0.972m

Figure 1: Tide reading at Lumut Port

Tide Reading
(Refer to zero of gauge)

,3.794
.459 m

2 144 m 2.029 m
1.839 m

Figure 2: Tide reading at Teluk Senangin

(13 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL 4 AP/JAN 2013/SUG614

b) Explain the differences between:

i) Echo sounder transducer

ii) LBL transponder
iii) Shallow profiler hydrophone
iv) Pinger
(4 marks)

c) Given a survey area of 5 km along the coast and 2 km seaward for a bathymetric survey
project using a single beam echo sounder. The final scale is 1:2000. With reference to
IHO standard, answer the following specifications:

i) Line direction
ii) Line spacing
iii) Fix interval
iv) Number of sounding line
v) Total sounding distance
vi) Number of hour required for sounding if the survey speed is 5 knots
(8 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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