Hydrographic Survey

SUG250
The Activities of Hydrographic Survey

A hydrographic survey may be conducted to support a variety of activities:

 nautical charting,
 port and harbor maintenance (dredging),
 coastal engineering (beach erosion and replenishment studies),
 coastal zone management,
 and offshore resource development.
 Measurement of tides at sea coast for tidal analysis and predictions
 Determination of direction of current
Activities of Hydrographic Survey
 What are the Marine information..?

• Seabed Geology
Used of seismic equipment..eg- boomer/parker with hydrophone..
• Seabed sediment..
Used of equipment such as…grab, vibro corer etc.
• Depth
Used of Echosounder – single beam or multibeam
• Seabed topography/information
Used of Side scan Sonar and etc.
• Physical Oceanography
Temperature, current, tides, salinity etc.
• Gravity and earth’s magnetic field
To produce magnetic chart – magnetic distribution, gravimetric and
geomagnetic data
 What are the aspect of hydrography?

• Can be divided into 3 main aspects:-

– Coastal
• Most of the jobs at coastal area are related to the construction of
port/harbors, other engineering structures, coastal erosion, port and
harbor maintenance – maintenance dredging along the port
channels (safety navigation)
– Offshore
• Data collections for coastal zone.
• Offshore exploration – hydrocarbon (oil & gas)
• Data collections for fisheries industry
– Oceanic
• Data collections for seabed mapping – continental shelf survey
• Hydrographic survey data collections is a very systematic process and very
costly.
• The final output is in nautical chart, hydrographic plan.
List of Hydrographic Society

• International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)

• Federation International Des Geometres (FIG)
• The Hydrographic Society
• The International Congress of Institutes of Navigation
• The International Maritime Organization
• The International of Lighthouse Authorities
• The International Telecommunication Union
• The International Electrotechnical Commission
The Scope of Work in Hydrographic Survey

• Data Collections
– Geophysics, bathymetry, current, tides, seabed sampling, positioning.
• Data Processing
– All data have to process before a pictorial representation of the seabed
relief can be obtain
• Data Presentation
– Nautical Chart, hydrographic plan, bathymetric plan
• Data Updating
– As Nautical Chart is very essential, so it must be up to date.
– Any changes after the chart has been produced, have to be added on
the chart.
– ‘Notices to mariners’ is a weekly publication to inform the mariners
about any changes to nautical chart. Eg; construction, aid to navigations
IHO Standard for Hydrographic Survey
Minimum Standard for Hydrographic Survey
Minimum Standard for Navigation
The used of Hydrographic Data

• Mostly it is used by the mariners.

• However can be divided into 3 main cores:-
– Sea Navigation
– Coastal Zone Management
– Oil and Gas Exploration
 Categories of Hydrographer

• According to THE THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON

THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOSS III), FIG/IHO has design a
standard curriculum called Standards of Competence for
Hydrographic Surveyors
• There are 3 categories of Hydrographer:-
– Category A
– Category B
– Category C
 Malaysia Agency Related to Hydrography

• Pusat Hidrografi Negara (TLDM)

• Jabatan Kerja Raya
• Jabatan Laut Malaysia
• Jabatan Perikanan
• Lembaga Pelabuhan
• Jabatan Parit dan Saliran
• Petronas, Shell, Exxon Mobil
• Jabatan Kajibumi
• Etc