GE 118 Hydrographic Surveying

LECTURE 1

Introduction to
Hydrographic Surveying

UP Department of Geodetic Engineering

Training Center for Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry

Prepared by: MBAIZ

OUTLINE
1. Definition of Terms
2. Purposes of Hydrographic Surveying
3. Fields of Competence and Applications
4. Basic Operations
HYDROGRAPHY
vs
HYDROLOGY
HYDROGRAPHY
• Mapping or charting of water's topographic features.
• It involves measuring a body of water's depths, tides, and
currents and establishing the topography and morphology
of seas, rivers, and lake beds.
• Deals with measurement and description of the physical
features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes, and
rivers
• Primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support
of all other marine activities, including economic
development, security and defense, scientific research,
and environmental protection.
3 ASPECTS OF
HYDROGRAPHY
COASTAL HYDROGRAPHY
• Development of :
• ports and harbors
• coastal erosion problems
• Utilization of harbor and coastal conservation
services and, especially, the safety of navigation
in coastal waters.
OFF-SHORE HYDROGRAPHY
• Extension of the coastal zone normally
encompassing the continental shelf
• Development of mineral deposits, including
hydrocarbons
• Data for fisheries management
OCEANIC HYDROGRAPHY
• Concerned with the acquisition of
hydrographic data in the deep ocean
areas for the depiction of sea-floor
geomorphology
 HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING
The process employed in gathering information concerning
any body of water and its adjacent land areas
PURPOSES OF
HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
PURPOSES OF HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

• Determine Channel Depths

• Determine Bottom Excavation Quantities
• Location of rocks, sand bars,
navigational aids
• Measurement of Area subject to Scour
or Silting
• Offshore structure Positioning
• Flood Control and Management
• Navigation Purposes
• Construction Purposes
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

MARITIME TRANSPORT
• 80% International trade is carried out by sea.
• Lack of adequate nautical chart coverage for
safe navigation
• Prevents development of maritime trading
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

• Includes construction of new ports and
maintenance of existing ones
• Dredging operations for establishing,
monitoring and improvement of channels
• Control coastal erosion
• Monitor dumping grounds of industrial
wastes.
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
• Essential factor: safe and accurate
navigation.
• Pollution caused by oil spillage due to
inaccurate navigation
• Devastating economic and environmental
impacts
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

MARINE SCIENCE
• Depends largely on Bathymetric
Information.
• Global and regional circulation models,
marine geology and many aspects
depend on bathymetry provided by
Hydrographic Services
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

NATL. SPATIAL DATA

INFRASTRUCTURE
• Good quality and well managed spatial data are
essential to economic and commercial
development
• Bringing together services and datasets of
spatial data providers for research and industry
applications
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

MARINE BOUNDARY DELIMITATION

• Enable boundaries of maritime rights and
interests to be recorded, spatially managed and
physically defined
• Relates to boundaries of other neighboring
rights and interests
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

MARINE DEFENSE
• Navy – major users of hydrographic services
and products
• Risks associated in transporting defense
materials require up-to-date logistical
information
FIELDS OF COMPETENCE

TOURISM
• Particularly important to
development of emerging tourism
industry
RECREATIONAL BOATING
• Advent of digital chart making it
possible for recreational users to
have updated nautical information
BASIC OPERATIONS
BASIC OPERATIONS
TOPOGRAPHIC CHART OR MAP
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY PRODUCTION

CONTROL BATHYMETRIC
ESTABLISHMENT SURVEY
BASIC OPERATIONS

RECONNAISSANCE
• Purpose: To select the most suitable manner of
executing the survey and in planning all
phases of work
• Method: by ground, on water, by air
• References: previously prepared maps and
charts, aerial photos
BASIC OPERATIONS

CONTROL ESTABLISHMENT
• Purpose: Establish reference position to
correct the data
• Method: Traverse, triangulation, GNSS,
Levelling
• References: WGS 84, PRS 92, ITRF, EGM,
MSL
BASIC OPERATIONS

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
• Purpose: to depict the narrow fringe of the
nearby ground surface in a hydrographic map/
nautical chart
• Important points: Prominent landmarks, which
could be used for referencing points
BASIC OPERATIONS

BATHYMETRIC SURVEY
• Purpose: to measure water depths and
establish their respective locations
• Note: Different procedures/ techniques are
employed depending on field conditions,
scope of work, and desired accuracy.
BASIC OPERATIONS

CHART OR MAP PRODUCTION

• Other Final products:
• Water volume in a body of water
• Amount of dredged material
• Discharge of a stream
• Fluctuations of level in a body of water
SUMMARY
1. Definition of Terms
2. Purposes of Hydrographic Surveying
3. Fields of Competence and Applications
4. Basic Operations
GE 118 Hydrographic Surveying

End of Lecture 1.

Thank you for listening!

UP Department of Geodetic Engineering

Training Center for Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry

Prepared by: MBAIZ