HYDROGRAPHY

HYDROGRAPHY SURVEY
ACTIVITIES AT PUTERI HARBOUR
PREPARED BY:
MUHAMMAD RIDHUAN BIN ABDUL RAHMAN
GLS 396- LAND SURVEY BASED
2017248694
LOCATION OF PROJECT
AIM & OBJECTIVES
OF THE PROJECT
 AIM • Carry out Bathymetric survey and
detail survey.
• Produce bathymetric map
OBJECTIVES • Obtain position of by using DGPS
method.
• Carry out single beam sounding.
THEORY RELATED
TO THE PROJECT
 WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY?

Deals with the

A branch of For safety measurement Including other
applied navigation of the physical marine
science features of the activities
oceans
 OBJECTIVE OF HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Produce Determine Related to the

the seabed highest and Act as study of ocean and
profile lower tide navigational rocks and minerals
surface. reading. reference. on the ocean floor.

Produce Provide the Carried out for

bathymetric changing on the offshore oil and
map. seabed gas exploration.
 DATUM
Land Survey • Normally based from a benchmark established by
JUPEM
Datum(LSD) • Heighting of benchmark based on Mean Sea Level (MSL)
from Port Klang.

Sounding • The datum which the field surveyor will establish and adopt.

Datum • Should be the same as chart datum, but may well differ.

• Adopted by the national authority for its published chart.

• Used around of tidal observation
Chart Datum •
•
It is different at different location.
Depends on the range tidal or water level.
• The surveyor cannot established chart datum in field.
POSITIONING
Methods:
Differential Global Positioning System
(DGPS) Method
2. Acoustical Method
3. Optical Method
4. Electronically Method
Positioning the sounding points through the
coordinates of X and Y
DGPS Method where it is faster and easier
 WHAT IS DGPS ?

• TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LOCATION DATA GATHERED USING GLOBAL POSITIONING

SYSTEM (GPS) RECEIVERS.
• CORRECTION IS CALCULATED AT BASE STATION AND THEN SEND TO ROVER RECEIVER.
• DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION CAN BE APPLIED IN REAL TIME DIRECTLY IN THE FIELD OR WHEN
POST PROCESSING DATA IN THE OFFICE.
• ACCURACY BETTER THAN 3M – DEPENDS ON DISTANCE BETWEEN BASE AND ROVER.
 SOUNDING SURVEY

• PROCESS TO DETERMINE DEPTH

• THERE ARE TWO METHODS OF
SOUNDING:
a) ACOUSTIC
b) DIRECT
 TIDAL OBSERVATION
• TIDE IS ACTUALLY CYCLING RISING AND FALLING
OF EARTH’S OCEAN SURFACE CAUSED BY THE
TIDAL FORCES OF THE MOON AND SUN ACTING
ON THE OCEAN.
• THE PHENOMENA OF TIDE ARE DIFFERENT AT
ANYWHERE.
• THE TIDAL OBSERVATION IS MADE TO DEFINE TYPES
OF TIDE IN ITS LOCATION.
• THE TIDAL OBSERVATION IS VERY IMPORTANCE IN
HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY, BECAUSE THE DEPTH
MUST BE REDUCED TO SOUNDING DATUM.
FLOW OF WORK
 Preparation Reconnaissance & Horizontal Control,
before field work Planning Vertical Control
and Detailing

Tide measurement, Processing Data:

Bar Check HydroPro, NavEdit, Produce
Calibration and CDS, Terramodel Bathymetric Plan
Sounding and AutoCad
 EQUIPMENTS

CONTROLLER ECHO
GPS SOUNDER TRANSDUCER

TIDE GAUGE BARCHECK

METHODOLOGY
 HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL CONTROL

• TWO CONTROL POINT CAN BE ESTABLISHED WITH AT LEAST 90% SKY VISIBILITY.
• CAN SETUP BASE STATION OR USING REFERENCE STATION.
• MOVE THE ROVER TO THE ESTABLISHED CONTROL POINTS.
• THE COORDINATE X,Y CAN BE PROVIDED IN REAL-TIME.
• THE ESTABLISHED CONTROL POINTS MUST CONNECTED TO AT LEAST 2 JUPEM BENCHMARKS
• THE HEIGHTING (Z) VALUE CAN BE PROVIDED IN THIS PROCEDURE.
 TIDAL OBSERVATION

• RISE AND FALL MEASUREMENT TAKEN USING TAPE WITH (WEIGHTIER) PLUMBOB TIED AT IT.THIS
MEASUREMENT READING TAKEN SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH SOUNDING WORK. TIDE
MEASUREMENT IS STARTED WHEN THE BOAT IS READY TO DO THE SOUNDING.
• THE MEASURING TAPE WITH PLUMBOB DROP TO THE WATER SURFACE AND THE OBSERVER
ADJUST THE TAPE WHETHER UP OR DOWN.
• THE READING OF TIDE OBSERVATION READ FROM THE TAPE ON TBM STATION.
• THE INTERVAL OF READING TAKEN IS 10 MINUTES.

REDUCE TIDE = TBM VALUE- OBSEVATION TIDE

 BARCHECK CALIBRATION

• FIRSTLY, THE ECHO SOUNDER MUST BE WARMED.

• THE DRAFT MUST BE MEASURED BY MEASURING TAPE.
• THE DRAFT SETTING AND SOUND VELOCITY ARE SET USING THE BEST ESTIMATE.
• THE BAR CHECK PLATE WILL BE PLACED LOWER UNTIL IT IS UP AND DOWN THE TRANSDUCER.
• THE BAR SET AT 1M. THE ECHO TRACE WILL SHOW THE READING.
• THE BAR LOWERED TO THE DEEPEST SETTING OF 7M. THE ECHO TRACE WILL SHOW THE RESULT.
• THE BAR WILL BE RAISED 1M INTERVALS (7M, 6M, 5M, 4M, 3M, 2M AND 1M RESPECTIVELY) AND THE
INTERMEDIATE READINGS CHECKED.
 SOUNDING SURVEY

• ALL THE INSTRUMENTS FOR SOUNDING ARE READILY SET UP ON THE BOAT.
• ALL OF THE WORK PLANNED BY PROJECT MANAGER WILL BE STORED IN THUMB DRIVE.
• WHEN THE CONFIGURATION OF SOUNDING LINE APPEARED ON THE NOTEBOOK’S SCREEN, BOAT
MAN WILL USED IT AS GUIDANCE TO TAKE READING FOR EACH FIX ON SOUNDING LINE.
• MAKE SURE ALL THE SETTINGS IN ECHO SOUNDER ARE SUITABLE WITH THE JOB TO BE DONE.
• GPS RECEIVER MUST BE PUT PARALLEL WITH THE TRANSDUCER TO MAKE SURE THE POSITION AND
DEPTH OBTAINED ARE ON THE SAME POINT.
• . THERE ARE SEVERAL METHOD CAN BE USED TO TAKE A READING FOR EACH FIX WHERE WE CAN
USE TIME INTERVAL OR DISTANCE INTERVAL.
 POSITIONING

• INTEGRITY CHECK FOR ALL GPS INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE CARRIED OUT WHERE THE
INSTRUMENT WILL BE SET UP ON KNOWN X AND Y STATION..
• GPS INSTRUMENT WILL BE CONNECTED TO LAPTOP.
• THE GPS ANTENNA AND RECEIVER WILL BE SET UP PROPERLY ON BOAT WHERE THE ANTENNA
WILL BE TIED UP PARALLEL TO THE TRANSDUCER.
• THE POSITIONING OF GPS STARTED SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH THE SOUNDING SURVEY.
• AS A RESULT, X, Y AND Z OF EACH FIX POINT WILL BE DETERMINED ON THE SAME TIME.
 DETAIL SURVEY

• USING RTK GPS METHOD OR TOTAL STATION.

• PICKED UP ALL SALIENT FEATURES SUCH AS STREAMS, SWAMPS, DRAINS, ROAD/TRACKS,
CULVERTS, HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES, FENCINGS.
• SHORELINE AND SEA WATERED AREA CAN BE SURVEYED USING TOTAL STATION DURING LOW
TIDE.
 DATA PROCESSING
HYDROPRO ITS FUNCTION IS TO CONTROL THE MOVEMENT OF THE
BOAT, COLLECT SOUNDING DATA, CREATE SOUNDING LINE AND CHECK
LINE

NAVEDIT THE FUNCTION IS TO EDIT ALL ERROR IN SOUNDING LINE

CDS USE TO PROCESS THE DETAILING DATA

TERRAMODEL USE TO GENERATE THE CONTOUR AND DEPTH TEXT

AUTOCAD USE TO EDIT THE DATA AFTER PROCESS IN CDS AND

TERRAMODEL
RESULT AND
ANALYSIS