HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON

TANDI GHYANPHEDI
HYDROPOWER PROJECT

PRESENTED BY:- GUIDED BY:-

Paras Chaudhary KAN075BCE050 Er. Ram Hari Dhakal

Pradeep Devkota KAN075BCE052
Prashant Parajuli KAN075BCE054
Shubekshya chaudhary KAN075BCE085
Yam Prasad Adhikari KAN075BCE096
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Abstract………………….….…………………….……….……………………………………….. 1
• Hydrological analysis…………………………………………………………………..…………. 2
• Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
• Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
• Drainage Area Characteristics……………………………………………………………………. 3
• Hydrological and Meteorological Data………………………………………………………….. 3
• Long-term Stream Flow Analysis………………………………………………………………… 4
• Comparison of long-term flow……………………………………………………………………. 5
• Flood Flow Analysis………………………………………………………………………………... 6
• Low flow analysis…………………………………………………………………………………... 7
• Comparison of low flows………………………………………………………………………….. 8
• Work remaining…………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
• Schedule for remaining work……………………………………………………………………… 10
• Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………................. 11
 ABSTRACT
• Hydropower is defined as the mechanical energy formed by the movement of
flowing mass of water on the earth surface. It is one of the renewable sources
of energy that can be used as many times for the production of electrical
energy without any damage in its physical and chemical property. The
accurate assessment of long-term hydrology is of key importance to any
hydropower project. The longer the hydrological record the more reliable is
the estimation of design parameters for the project. In the case of either
limited or no stream flow records for the river to be analyzed, it is necessary
to look at catchment in the vicinity having similar catchments characteristics
and meteorological records.
• In the case of Tadi khola, there was hydrological data named station as 448
collected by hydrology and meteorology Department. By applying that
survey data for gauged station 448, 27 years of data has been used for
different flow estimation i.e. Long term stream flow analysis, Low flow
analysis and flood flow analysis has been made.

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 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS
• As hydropower is the generation of electricity from water, hydrological study
should be done. In prefeasibility study of any hydropower project, it is
necessary to have long term historical data. The longer the hydrological
records, the more will be the reliable estimation of design parameters for the
project.
Objectives
• Following are the objectives for hydrological analysis of run-of-river
hydropower project in prefeasibility study:-
• To preform long term stream flow analysis and obtain average flow & and
analyze for design discharge through flow duration curve.
• To perform flood flow analysis and find out design flood discharge for different
return period.
• To calculate lowest flow discharge of proposed river.
Scope  
• Following are the activities that were performed in order to achieve the above
objectives:-
• Collection of Hydro-meteorological for the catchment of proposed site.
• Analysis of collected data using different methods for alternatives and
adoption of one result for different hydrological analysis.
 Drainage area characteristics

• Tadi khola is a tributary of Trishuli River in Gandaki basin located in

Nuwakot district of Nepal. It has catchment area of 53.76 km2. The project
area belongs to the middle mountains and lies in between 1500 m to 2000 m
above mean sea level. As per Topographic map the headwork and the
powerhouse sites are located at elevation of about 1550 m and 1990 m
respectively. The Drainage area passes from dense forest and small
settlement.
• The basin has characteristics of mountainous catchment. The major tributaries
of Tadi Khola are NagiKhola, BukunKhola, KuntunKhola, GhagarKhola,
NepcheKhola, KiphranKhola, and Tadi Khola itself.

Hydrological and Meteorological Data

• Hydro-meteorological data from the hydrological and meteorological stations

existing in and around the river basin were obtained from gauging station
number 448 from HYDROLOGICAL ESTIMATIONS IN NEPAL by the
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM).

3
Long-term Stream Flow Analysis

• Studying the long-term changes of stream flow is an important tool for enhancing
water resource and planning, design, and management of hydropower system.
The aim of this work is to identify the long-term variations in annual stream flow.
This analysis will provide us with the average monthly discharge and then these
values can be used to obtain the design discharge of the project.
Importance of long-term flow

• The long-term flow analysis is performed in hydropower to provide the design

discharge of the project. This analysis is very critical and if not predicted
correctly, the rated output of plant cannot be produced. Different methods were
carried out for analysis of long-term flow.
Methods used for long term flow analysis
• Catchment Area Ratio Method
• WECS/DHM Method (WECS/DHM, 1990)
• MIP Method
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 COMPARISON OF LONG TERM
FLOW
• We have used WECS, MIP and CAR method for long term flow analysis. The
prediction made by these methods gives variable result to conclude that individual
methods are not reliable. However the flow obtained by comparing the predicted
flows using these methods could give good approximation. Further MIP depends
upon the measured flow. The river flow is very variable even in the same month for
different year. Also the discharge measurement is not accurate due to site
conditions (large boulders at head works and hence the undefined geometrical
section). Thus, MIP method is not adopted. CAR method is also not adopted due to
the large variations in catchment characteristics of catchment of gauged station
and our headwork site. Hence WECS is adopted and the design discharge for
energy production. The design discharge is adopted of 40 percent exceedance
probability (Q40) is found to be1.88 m3/s from the flow duration curve.

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 Long term stream flow (m3/s)
Month

CAR WECS/DHM MIP

Jan 0.71 1.093

0.77

Feb 0.61 0.758

0.59

Mar 0.54 0.557

0.45

Apr 0.52 0.403

0.47

May 0.66 0.758

0.76

Jun 2.94 1.263

2.81

Jul 8.99 5.462

8.15

Aug 11.06 10.085

10.7

Sep 8.69 8.402

7.77

Oct 3.73 4.203

3.47

Nov 1.82 2.017

1.79

Dec 1.17 1.513

1.08
• Flood Flow Analysis

• The flood flow analysis is of supreme importance as failure to predict the

flood flow correctly may cause the immature demise of the whole project due
to unforeseen flood. Reliable flood estimates are essential as the viability of a
project depends on the economy of hydraulic structures.

• Method for Flood Flow Analysis

• For Ungauged Basin:

• Regional Methods
• • MHSP
• • WECS/DHM
• Empirical Method
• • Modified Dicken’s Method
• • Fuller’s Method
• For Gauged Basin
• • Gumbel Method
• • Log Pearson Type III Distribution
• 6
 Comparison Of Flood Flow Analysis
• The flood discharge obtained by using various methods mentioned above was
compared. The comparison is shown both in tabular form in Table (e). The
CAR method is also adopted in the calculation of the flood for different return
periods. In this method, Tadipul Belkot is taken as the index station. The
catchment area for this site is 653 sq. km while our base station has the
catchment area of 53.76 sq. km. for the use of CAR method the two catchment
areas should be similar hydrometer logically, but in our case the catchment
areas of the two stations is not much similar. The catchment has very steep
slope in the base site while the index site’s mixed slope. Along with this the
base catchment has almost dense forest area the while the index station
catchment has very mixed type. The CAR method is not appropriate for these
two catchments. The Gumbel and Log-Pearson Type III methods are also used
the CAR principle so the values obtained from these methods are not reliable
and not adopted in this project. Modified Dicken’s Method has poor reliability.
Hence the design flood from WECS/DHM method is adopted for the further
calculation and the design purposes.
 Flood flow (mᶟ/s)

Return Period
(yrs) Modified
Fuller's Gumbel's Log Pearson
Dickens WECS/DHM MHSP
Method method type III
Method

87 42.21 37
2 185 - -
83.359 57 169.579
5 - - -
101.097 77.732 71
10 153 269 -
118.111 86 262.891
20 - -  
99.476
25 - - - - -
127.899 -
30 - - - -

33 202 331 - - - -
140.135 117.515 106 333.208
50 218.57 352
156.638 137.108 122 391.518
100 247 387
• 1.9 Low flow analysis

• Significant decrease in low-flow on a stream leads to drought and also in

reduction in reservoir levels. Such conditions lead to scarcity in discharge of
river for hydropower which affects the efficiency of hydropower and many
other elements of hydropower. Hence, low flow analysis on a river becomes
essential part of hydrological study for designing the project considering
extreme conditions regarding the availability of adequate flow.
 
• The lowest flow in the river is calculated by the use of low flow analysis
methods. Following two methods were used for the low flow analysis of the
stream

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 Comparison of low flows

• To compute the low flow discharges WECS/DHM and GUMBEL methods were
performed. In WECS/DHM method, the total catchment area, areas below 5000
m is required as input to calculate low flow of 2yr, 10yr and 20yr return period.
And for Gumbel’s method, data of minimum discharges for different return
period for Tadi river were obtained using gauging station number 448 (provided
in hydrological estimations in Nepal by DHM) and then applying CAR method.
As gauging station number 448 is on Tadipul Belkot and the project area is at
upper part of Tadi river so CAR method seems not much appropriate and hence
low flow obtained from WECS/DHM method can be taken for further design
purpose.

Return Period (yrs) 2 10 20 30

WECS/DHM 0.607 0.384 0.339 -

Low Flow (mᶟ/sec)

Gumbel's 0.266 0.440 0.506 0.545

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WORK REMAINING
• 1.Design of Hydraulic structures
• 1.1 Weir and under sluice
• 1.1.1 Selection of weir type
• 1.2 Energy Dissipating Structures
• 2. Design of intake structures
• 3. Design of Gravel trap
• 4. Design of settling basin
• 5. Design of Headrace pipe and Design of Anchor Block
• 6. Design of surge Tank
• 7. Design of penstock and Optimization
• 8. Design of power House and tailrace canal and Selection of turbine
• 9. Economic analysis
• 10. Final report
9
 SCHEDULE FOR REMAINING
WORK
Task Start Date Days to Complete

1 Design of Hydraulic structures 31-Oct-22 15

2 10
Design of Intake Structures 15-Nov-22

2
3 Design of Gravel Trap 25-Nov-22

2
4 Design of Settling Basin 27-Nov-22

2
5 Design of Headrace pipe 29-Nov-22
6 Design of surge tank 1-Dec-22 2
7 Design of Penstock 3-Dec-22 2
8 Design of powerhouse 5-Dec-22 5

10
9 Economic Anaysis 10-Dec-22

45
10 Final report 20-Dec-22
 Gantt Chart
31-Oct-22 10-Nov-22 20-Nov-22 30-Nov-22 10-Dec-22 20-Dec-22 30-Dec-22 9-Jan-23 19-Jan-23 29-Jan-23 8-Feb-23

Design of Hydraulic structures

Design of Intake Structures

Design of Gravel Trap

Design of Settling Basin

Design of Headrace pipe

Design of surge tank

Design of Penstock

Design of powerhouse

Economic Anaysis

Final report

Start Date Days to Complete

 CONCLUSION
• Hydrological and meteorological study of the site plays vital role to design
and calculation of any hydropower plant which was done with the help of
topographic map and data collected from DHM. The calculation and
evaluation of flood discharge for different return period were carried out and
also long term and low flow analysis was done to carry out the further design
purpose for the hydropower project.
• From long term flow analysis flood duration curve was obtained and with the
help of it the design discharge of 40 percent exceedence probability (Q 40) is
found to be1.88 m3/s which is useful to calculate capacity of the hydropower
project. From flood flow analysis, design flood flow for 100 yrs return period is
found to be 122m3/s. And it is useful in the design of headworks. And From
low flow analysis, which is useful in design of headworks, weir and other
hydrological structures, low flow for 20 yr return period was found to be 0.339
m3/s.
 

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