Technical College of Engineering

Department of Petrochemical
COURSE: transportation phenomena

Name of Experiment: Discharge over a Weir

Submitted by: Soran Najeb

Stage: 4
Group: B
Experiment No:6
Date of experiment: / 12 /2020

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure

Data & Results

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

Neat and tidy report writing

Overall Mark
 Objectives
1. To measure the flow rate.
2. To determine the relationship between upstream head and flow rate for water
flowing over a V-Notch weir and Broad crested weir.
3. To calculate the coefficient of discharge Cd.

Introduction
the weir is one of the oldest structures used to measure the flow rates of water in
open channels and rivers in connection to water supply and sewage plants. The
discharge over a weir is a function of the weir geometry and of weir head. There
are different types of weirs, classified according to the geometric shape of the
portion of the weir over which the flowing water is in contact. Rectangular and V-
notch (triangular) are the most common shapes for weirs. If properly calibrated,
weirs can measure the flow rate to within plus or minus 2 percent. By simply
knowing the dimensions of the notch of the weir, as well as the height of water
above the crest (head of water, H), it is possible calculate the amount of flow over
the weir, by using the theoretical equations for discharge over different type
weirs.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

Weirs are commonly used to measure or regulate flow in rivers, streams,

irrigation canals, etc. Installing a weir in an open channel system causes critical
depth to form over the weir. Since there is a unique relationship between the
critical depth and discharge, a weir can be designed as a flow-measuring device.
Weirs are also built to raise the water level in a channel to divert the flow to
irrigation systems that are located at higher elevations.
Procedure:
1. Take note of the initial reading on the wall of the water tank.
2. Set the stopwatch to zero. 3. Open the main valve.
4. Run the pump until the level of the water is just above the level of the weir .
5. Determine the head on the weir using the hook gage by measuring the
distance between the crest of the weir and the liquid surface. To set point of the
hook in the liquid surface, it is first placed below the surface and then released
until a small pimple just appears; its point is accurately at the same elevation as
the liquid surface. From the graduated scale and the vernier on the hook gage
shaft, the surface elevation of liquid is read.
6. Let the water flow out into the container. The time it takes the water to reach
a certain level in the container is determined with the aid of the stopwatch.
7. Measure the actual discharge collected in the container.
8. After five observations, close the main valve.

Equipment
Calculations:
B=8.5 cm p=10 cm 𝑄𝑡ℎ = ℎ ∗ 𝑏 ∗ √2𝑔(𝐻 − ℎ) 𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 𝑉/t cd=𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡/ 𝑄𝑡ℎ

Mater= cm .10-2 liter= m3.10-3

𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓
Q act = = 4.897*10-4 m3/s
𝟏𝟎.𝟐𝟏

Qth = 0.085 * 0.0135* √ (2*9.81(0.0215 – 0.0135)) =2281 *10-3 m3/s

𝟒.𝟖𝟗𝟕∗𝟏𝟎−𝟒
Cd = = 0.214
𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟏 ∗𝟏𝟎^−3

Results for Broad Crested Weir

H (cm) h (cm) Time (s) V (L) 𝑄𝑡ℎ m3/s 𝑄act m3/s Cd

2.15 1.35 10.21 5 2281 *10-3 4.81*10-4 0.214

2.8 1.75 8.43 5 6.75 *10-4 5.931*10-4 0.878

3.3 2 6.42 5 8.59 *10-4 7.788*10-4 0.906

3.85 2.35 4.86 5 5.319 *10-3 1.028*10-3 0.951

4.2 2.7 3.58 5 6.372 *10-3 1.396*10-3 0.219

4.65 2.9 2.93 5 7.209 *10-3 1.706*10-3 0.236

Questions & Discussion :
1- the magnitude of the flow rate increased, so did the discharge coefficient. This
may have been due to the shape of the weir which had a rectangular control
section. Since the height of the water increased with increased flow, more friction
loosed may have occurred.

2-Experimental data showed that CD increased with increasing flow rate

3-
4-Basic experiments were conducted on rectangular broad-crested. It was found
that the discharge coefficient of a rectangular broad-crested weir is related to
upstream total head above the crest, length of weir and Channel breadth. So As
the length increases, Cd also increases

5- The effects of varying upstream and downstream slope coefficients on

discharge coefficients of rectangular short-crested weirs were studied
systemically by the combination of laboratory experiments and numerical
simulation. A calculation formula was proposed by using the dimensional
analysis between hydraulic parameters and geometrical parameters: height of
weir, length of weir, upstream overflow total energy head, and upstream and
downstream slope coefficients