Technical College of Engineering

Department of Petrochemical
COURSE: transportation phenomena

Name of Experiment: Air Flow Velocity and Pressure Coefficient Around The
90o Rectangular Duct
Submitted by: Soran Najeb
Stage: 5
Group: B
Experiment No:4
Date of experiment: / 11 /2020

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EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure

Data & Results

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

Neat and tidy report writing

Overall Mark
Objectives
The purpose of this experiment to study the static pressure and velocity
distribution on outer, inner and radial walls for a 90 o rectangular cross-section
bending duct.
To Calculate the pressure coefficient which is (Cp) and how it will change with
changing the radius.

Introduction
air conditioning systems that use air as the fluid in the thermal distribution system,
it is essential to design the Air Handling Unit (AHU) properly. The primary
function of an AHU is to transmit processed air from the air conditioning plant to
the conditioned space and distribute it properly within the conditioned space.
Most of the time the engineer is frequently presented with problems of flow
contained within tubes and ducts. Such flows may be classified as internal flows.
to distinguish them from flows over bodies such as aero foils, called external flows.
It is sometimes necessary to shape a duct in such a way that particular requirements
are met. For example, it may be necessary to change the shape of cross-section from
square to rectangular with a small loss of total pressure, or it may be required to
form a bend in such a way that the distribution of velocity at the exit is as nearly
uniform as it can be made.
In an AHU, air is transmitted through various ducts and other components with the
help of fans. Since the fan motor consumes a large amount of power, and the duct
system occupies considerable building space, the design of air transmission system
is an important step in the complete design of air conditioning systems. In the end
the success of any air conditioning system depends on the design of individual
components as well as a good matching between them under all conditions. In order
to design the system for transmission of air, it is important to understand the
fundamentals of fluid (air) flow through ducts. These aspects have been dealt with
to some extent in Chapter 6 on Fundamentals of Fluid Flow.
Procedure:
The pressure tapping along the outer wall, the reference tapping 0 and the
pressure tapping in the airbox are all connected to the manometer. The air speed
is adjusted to a value slightly below the maximum, as indicated by the airbox
pressure, and the pressure are recorded. (The setting of air speed slightly below
the maximum is to insure that the same setting may be repeated in later tests).
The tapping on the inner wall are then connected in place of the ones on the
outer wall. The airbox pressure is adjusted to the previous value and a further set
of readings are recorded. Finally the procedure is repeated with the third set of
pressure tapping. In table 8.1 the pressure p are recorded relative to an
atmospheric datum and the pressure coefficient Cp are calculated from Equation.
Calculations:
h Static = 106mm-100mm , PStatic = ρgh =1000*9.81*0.006= 58.86 Pa
h Total = 142mm-100mm , P Total = ρgh=1000*9.81*0.042= 412.02 Pa

p−p
o −225.63−58.86
Cp = P total−p = = -0.81
o 412.02−58.86

𝑣 72.13 2
Cp = 1-( 𝑉)2 = 1-( ) = -0.72
55
p is the pressure at radius r , P0 is the static pressure

𝒑−𝒑𝒐 𝒗
No. r h p Cp = Cp= 1-( )2
𝑷 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍−𝒑𝒐 𝒓
(mm) (mm) (Pa)
1 55 77-100 -225.63 -0.81 -0.720
2 60 88-100 -117.72 -0.5 -0.445
3 65 94-100 -58.86 -0.33 -0.231
4 70 100-100 0 -0.17 -0.062
5 75 105-100 49.05 -0.03 0.075
6 80 108-100 78.48 0.06 0.187
7 85 110-100 98.1 0.11 0.280
8 90 114-100 137.34 0.22 0.358
9 95 118-100 176.58 0.33 0.424
Discussion
The distribution of pressure over the curved walls of a 90° bend of
rectangular section has been established by pressure plotting. The
pressure coefficient is negative and almost constant round the inner
wall, and positive and almost constant round the outer wall. Across the
45" cross-section the pressure distribution may be predicted with
Reasonable accuracy by Assuming free-vortex velocity distribution over
the section.