EARTHQUAKE,TSUNAMI

KILLED 844 IN INDONESIA

VAMSI S
COMPUTER SCIENCE
SECTION F
Reg no:3210316638
When it happend?
Date: December 26, 2004Magnitude9.3

Depth:30 km

Type: undersea (subduction) earthquake

Countries/regions affected: Indones Indonesia (mainly in

Aceh), Sri Lanka, India (mostly in Tamil Nadu), Thailand.

Tsunami: Yes

Casualties: 229,866 / 2nd deadliest earthquake of all

time
 HOW DID IT HAPPEN?
A submarine earthquake or volcanic eruption in the ocean can cause a tsunami water wave
which can have devastating effects on the people and objects near the sea. In 2004 a large
part of the world was rocked by the Indian Ocean earthquake and subsequent tsunami, killing
over 167,000 people in Indonesia (mainly Aceh) alone and resulted in the displacement of
more than half a million of people as thousands of homes were wiped away. Although a
massive tsunami such as the 2004 tsunami is rare, the Sumatra region is often startled by
offshore earthquakes that can potentially trigger a tsunami.

With the 2004 tsunami still fresh in mind, the level of fear is high. Often Indonesians who live in
villages or cities close to the coast, flee to the hills (located more inland) after an earthquake
has taken place as they are afraid of becoming victim of a tsunami (although it is usually false
alarm). On average, once every five years a large tsunami happens in Indonesia, mostly on the
islands of Sumatra and Java. In general, damage done to the infrastructure exceeds the loss of
lives.
MAN MADE /NATURAL
Earthquakes and tsunami are probably the biggest threat in terms
of natural disasters in Indonesia as they come suddenly and can
strike in populous areas, such as the bigger cities. Earthquakes
with a magnitude of around five on the scale of Richter occur
almost on a daily basis in Indonesia but usually cause no, or little,
damage. When the magnitude of the quake becomes more than
six on the scale of Richter, then an earthquake can potentially do
a lot of damage. On average, Indonesia experiences about one
earthquake per year with a magnitude of six, or higher, that
causes casualties as well as damage to the infrastructure or
environment. Below is a selected list with recent earthquakes that
caused severe damage and at least 20 fatalities:
EXPLANATION OF INCIDENT
More than 400 people are reported dead after a tsunami struck western
Java and southern Sumatra islands during the evening of Dec. 22, 2018.
Indonesia’s geological and weather service says the tsunami was likely
caused by undersea landslides in the Sunda Strait following an eruption
by the Anak Krakatoa volcano. World Vision, which is simultaneously
responding to earthquakes on Lombok island and Central Sulawesi, is
assisting children and families in some of the worst-affected areas of
Serang and Pandeglang districts on the west coast of Java’s Banten
province

The Central Sulawesi quake occurred less than two months after a series
of earthquakes struck Indonesia’s Lombok island. The strongest of those
quakes was a magnitude 6.9 temblor on Aug. 5. More than 500 people
were killed and nearly 1,500 were injured.
LOSSES
Summary of event: A 7.7 magnitude
earthquake occurred in Indonesia off the
coast of west and central Java. While the
earthquake itself caused no direct
damage, it triggered a regional tsunami
that flooded about 300 kilometers of
coastline and took more than 800 lives
RISK
More than 400 people are reported dead after a tsunami struck western Java and southern Sumatra islands
during the evening of Dec. 22, 2018. Indonesia’s geological and weather service says the tsunami was likely
caused by undersea landslides in the Sunda Strait following an eruption by the Anak Krakatoa volcano. World
Vision, which is simultaneously responding to earthquakes on Lombok island and Central Sulawesi, is assisting
children and families in some of the worst-affected areas of Serang and Pandeglang districts on the west coast of
Java’s Banten province.

A few months earlier, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck Indonesia’s Central Sulawesi province on Sept. 28,
2018, triggering a tsunami and landslides that caused widespread destruction and loss of life. More than 2,000
people are known to have died and 4,400 are seriously injured, according to the Indonesia disaster management
agency. About 1.5 million people in Central Sulawesi are likely affected. With about 68,000 houses damaged or
destroyed, hundreds of thousands of people are still displaced.
Indonesians in Java and Sumatra experienced earthquakes in April and July 2018 respectively, but the most
damaging quakes of 2018 occurred later on Lombok island and in Central Sulawesi.

July 28, Aug. 5, Aug. 9, Aug. 19

● A series of earthquakes and numerous aftershocks badly affected North and East Lombok, including
Mataram city, the provincial capital, which is home to 440,000 people.

September 28

● A magnitude 7.5 quake and tsunami killed more than 2,000 people and laid waste to Palu, the capital, and
nearby areas on Sulawesi island.

December 22

● A tsunami struck Java and Sumatra starting at 9:30 p.m. and resulting in more than 300 deaths. The
tsunami was likely caused by undersea landslides due to the ongoing eruption of Anak Krakatau volcano
located in the Sunda Strait. Anak Krakatau’s most recent series of eruptions started in June 2018.
 POST DISASTER

As of 1 October, 844 people are known to have died and more than 600 people are severely injured. There are currently more than 48,000 displaced
people staying in over 200 sites...The Government of Indonesia welcomed specific offers of international assistance that are in line with identified
humanitarian needs on the ground. (OCHA, 1 Oct 2018)

Initial reports (as at 3 October, 1300 hrs Jakarta time) BNPB has confirmed 1,234 fatalities with over 632 injuries, 99 missing persons, 152 are
requiring immediately rescue efforts. There are currently over 61,867 evacuees being housed in 109 evacuation sites. (AHA Centre, 2 Oct 2018)

As at 4 October, 1300 hrs local time, BNPB confirmed 1,424 fatalities with over 2,549 injuries, 113 missing persons, 152 are requiring immediately
rescue efforts. There are currently over 70,821 evacuees being housed in 141 evacuation sites. In addition, 66,238 houses damaged, with 99.2%
(65,733) of them located in Central Sulawesi Province...As at 4 October 2018, Government of Indonesia had received offers of assistance from 29
countries, of which 17 countries offered a concrete type of assistance and match the prioritised support. (AHA Centre, 4 Oct 2018)

One week after the devastating earthquake and tsunami in Central Sulawesi, the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) launched a Response Plan,
seeking $50.5 million for immediate relief activities...The Central Emergency Response Fund has already allocated $15 million to support the activities
included in the Response Plan, and will fund projects in logistics, water and sanitation, camp management, health, shelter, protection, and food
security and livelihoods. (UN Resident Coordinator, 5 Oct 2018)
 PRE DISASTER

Many critics have accused BMKG of lifting the warning too early, though
the agency says the waves hit while the warning was still in force.

BMKG chairwoman Dwikorita Karnawati told the Jakarta Post that the
decision to end the warning was made after the agency received
information about the tsunami, including a field observation made by a
BMKG employee in Palu.

She added that the tsunami alert ended at 18:37, minutes after the third
and last wave hit land. She also said that there were no more tsunami
waves after the alert ended.
But there's a bigger problem - though the alert was sent out, and according to the communications ministry,
repeated tsunami warnings were sent to residents via text message - they might not have been received.

A spokesman for the disaster agency said the quake had brought down the area's power and communications
lines and that there were no sirens along the coast - which might have rendered the alerts essentially useless.

● On the ground report: Survivors guard rubble of Indonesian tsunami town

● In pictures: Search for Indonesia tsunami survivors
● Air traffic controller hailed as quake hero

One video which has been widely shared on social media illustrates the chilling consequences. It shows a man
shouting cries of warning towards people alongside the beach, who remain oblivious to a huge approaching
wave.
 SUMMARY
On 28 September 2018, a shallow, large earthquake struck in the neck of the Minahasa Peninsula, Indonesia, with its epicentre located in
the mountainous Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. The magnitude 7.5 quake was located 77 km (48 mi) away from the provincial
capital Palu and was felt as far away as Samarinda on East Kalimantan and also in Tawau, Malaysia.[6] This event was preceded by a
sequence of foreshocks, the largest of which was a magnitude 6.1 tremor that occurred earlier that day.[7]
[8]
Following the mainshock, a tsunami alert was issued for the nearby Makassar Strait, but was called off half an hour later. A localised
tsunami struck Palu, sweeping shore-lying houses and buildings on its way. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami led to
the deaths of an estimated 4,340 people.[3][9][10] This makes it the deadliest earthquake to strike the country since the 2006 Yogyakarta
earthquake, as well as the deadliest earthquake worldwide in 2018, surpassing the previous earthquake that struck Lombok a few months
earlier, killing more than 500.[11] The Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) confirmed that a tsunami
had been triggered, with its height reaching an estimated maximum of 4 to 7 metres (13 to 23 ft), striking the settlements of Palu,
[12]
Donggala and Mamuju along its path.

The earthquake caused major soil liquefaction in areas in and around Palu.[13] In two locations this led to mudflows in which many
buildings became submerged causing hundreds of deaths with many more missing.[14] The liquefaction was considered to be the largest
in the world and was deemed as rare.[15][13]
THANK YOU