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DNV Os-E403 PDF
DNV Os-E403 PDF
DNV-OS-E403
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Norske Veritas.
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-E403, October 2008
Changes – Page 3
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS PAGE
Sec. 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
A. General B. References
A 100 Introduction B 100 General
101 This standard gives criteria and guidance on design, fab- 101 In case of conflict between requirements of this standard
rication, installation and testing of offshore loading buoys. and a reference document, the requirements of this standard
shall prevail.
102 The standard applies to floating (i.e. buoy) systems
intended for loading/ unloading of fluid cargoes such as crude 102 For undated references, the latest edition of the refer-
oil, petroleum gas etc. into/from ships or other units in open enced document (including any amendments) applies. For
sea. dated references, the edition cited applies.
103 The standard has been written for general worldwide 103 Codes and standards other than those listed may be
application in benign waters. Buoys intended for harsh envi- acceptable as alternative or supplementary requirements, pro-
ronment use shall be subject to special consideration. vided that they can be demonstrated to achieve a comparable,
or higher, safety level.
Governmental regulations may include requirements in excess
of the provisions of this standard depending on the size, type, 104 Any deviations, exceptions and modifications to the
location and intended service of the offshore loading buoy. codes and standards shall be documented and agreed between
the contractor, purchaser and verifier, as applicable.
Guidance note:
In the context of this Offshore Standard benign waters is defined B 200 Normative references
as areas with significant wave height less than 8.5 m with a prob-
ability of exceedance of 10-2 (100 years return period). 201 The referenced documents listed in Table B1 include
provisions, which through reference in the text constitute pro-
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e--- visions of this standard. The latest issue of the references shall
be applied unless otherwise stated or agreed.
A 200 Objectives 202 Alternative recognised standards may be applied pro-
201 The objectives of this standard are to: vided it can be demonstrated that these meet or exceed the
requirements of the standards referenced below.
— provide an internationally acceptable standard of safety 203 Any deviations, exceptions and modifications made in
for offshore loading buoys by defining minimum require- relation to the codes and standards shall be documented and
ments for the design, materials, construction and commis- agreed between the supplier, purchaser, and verifier, as appli-
sioning of such objects cable.
— serve as a technical reference document in contractual
matters between suppliers and purchasers Table B1 Normative Reference Documents
— serve as a guideline for designers, suppliers, and purchas- Reference Title
ers API RP 2RD Design of Risers for Floating Production Sys-
— specify requirements for offshore loading buoys subject to tems (FPSs) and Tension-Leg Platforms (TLPs)
DNV certification and classification. API RP 17B Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe
A 300 Organisation of the standard API Spec 17J Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe
API Spec 17K Specification for bonded flexible pipe".
301 This standard is divided into three main chapters: API RP 1111 Design, Construction, Operation and Mainte-
nance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit
— Chapter 1: General information, scope, definitions and State Design).
references.
DNV-OS-A101 Safety Principles and Arrangement
— Chapter 2: Technical provisions for offshore loading
buoys for general application. DNV-OS-B101 Metallic Materials
— Chapter 3: Specific procedures and requirements applica- DNV-OS-C101 Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General
(LRFD method)
ble for certification and classification of offshore loading
buoys in accordance with this standard. DNV-OS-C201 Structural Design of Offshore Units
(WSD Method)
A 400 Scope and application DNV-OS-C301 Stability and Watertight Integrity
DNV-OS-C401 Fabrication and Testing of Offshore Structures
401 The standard covers the following systems and arrange-
ments, including relevant equipment and structures: DNV-OS-C502 Concrete Structures
DNV-OS-D101 Marine and Machinery Systems and Equipment
— arrangements DNV-OS-D201 Electrical Installations
— loads and load effects DNV-OS-D202 Instrumentation and Telecommunication
— structural strength Systems
— anchoring and mooring DNV-OS-D301 Fire Protection
— stability and watertight integrity DNV-OS-E201 Hydrocarbon Production Plant
— hazardous areas and ventilation DNV-OS-E301 Position Mooring
— marine machinery and piping DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems
— electrical installation DNV-OS-F201 Dynamic Risers
— fluid transfer system and equipment DNV Standard for Certification No. 2.22 Lifting
— instrumentation and control systems. Appliances
DNV Rules for Flexible Risers and Pipes 207 Emergency shelter area: The area comprising facilities
ISO 898 Mechanical properties of fasteners for overnight stays, simple catering, sanitary, office facilities
and service spaces, as applicable.
ISO 15156/ Materials for use in H2S-containing
NACE MR0175 environments in oil and gas production 208 Emergency shutdown (ESD): A system for initiation of,
OCIMF Guidelines for the Purchasing and Testing of either by central manual controls or automatic, shutdown of all
SPM Hawsers ignition sources and oil transfers on abnormal conditions.
OCIMF Recommendations for Equipment Employed in 209 Equipment: A term used in general to denote all compo-
the Mooring of Ships at Single Point Moorings nents constituting a system such as pressure vessels, heat
OCIMF Guide to Purchasing, Manufacturing and Testing exchangers, atmospheric tanks, pumps, compressors, engines,
of Loading and Discharge Hoses for Offshore turbines, piping, skids etc.
Moorings" within 100 m water depth,
210 Fluid transfer area: The area below and above the deck
of the buoy that accommodates piping and equipment contain-
ing the loading fluid.
C. Definitions 211 Fluid transfer system: Denotes the transfer of fluids
C 100 Verbal forms from the terminating end of riser, at riser top, e.g. connector, a
passage for fluid through the buoy and up to the unit moored
101 Shall: Indicates a mandatory requirement to be followed for loading including loading hose.
for fulfilment or compliance with the present standard. Devia-
tions are not permitted unless formally and rigorously justified, 212 Machinery: A general term used to denote rotating and
and accepted by all relevant contracting parties. reciprocating type of equipment.
102 Should: Indicates a recommendation that a certain 213 Minimum design temperature (MDT): Minimum design
course of action is preferred or particularly suitable. Alterna- operating or ambient start up temperature. The lowest predict-
tive courses of action are allowable under the standard where able metal temperature occurring during normal operations
agreed between contracting parties, but shall be justified and including start up and shut down situations is to be used. If no
documented. thermal insulation is fitted, then ambient temperature shall be
used if this is lower than the temperature of the content.
103 May: Indicates a permission, or an opinion, which is per-
mitted as a part of conformance with the standard. Guidance note:
Lowest daily mean temperature may be used as ambient temper-
104 Can: Requirements with can are conditional and indi- ature.
cate a possibility to the user of the standard.
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C 200 Terms and definitions
201 Alarm: A combined optical and acoustic signal, where 214 Mooring system: Equipment needed for mooring ships
the acoustic part calls the attention of personnel, and the opti- or other units to the buoy.
cal part serves to identify the fault. 215 Not permanently manned buoy: A buoy which is occa-
202 Alarm systems: Comprise the total systems for warning sionally manned for maintenance/testing purposes during
of abnormal conditions (including sensors, central units and loading/unloading.
panels, and devices for calling the attention of the personnel). 216 Offshore loading buoys: A floating catenary anchored
203 Anchoring system: Equipment needed for the position- facility needed for loading of ships or other units in the open
ing of the buoy. sea from a stationary source of fluid.
204 Benign waters: Areas where the significant wave height 217 Pressure containing equipment: Implies in general to
is less than 8.5 m for a probability of exceedance of 10-2 (100 equipment or its component subjected to internal and external
years return period). pressure above or below atmospheric pressure.
205 Buoy: A floating body, normally of a cylindrical shape, 218 Unmanned buoy: A buoy which is not manned during
and fitted with mooring equipmentas necessary to perform the fluid transfer operation.
mooring of a vessel and ensuring fluid transfer between pro- 219 Utility area: An area used for the equipment not han-
duction and/or storage unit or onshore installation and the dling hydrocarbons.
moored vessel.
220 Utility piping: A piping for the support systems such as :
The buoy normally consists of the following main parts:
— hull (buoy structure) providing buoyancy and stability — starting air for combustion engines
— rotating part to which the vessel is moored and allowing — cooling water
weathervane, — steam or thermal fluid heating
— fixed part to which the mooring lines and underbuoy pipes — lubricating oil
are connected. — hydraulic power supply
— mooring system — pneumatic power supply
— riser system — fuel oil or fuel gas supply
— fluid transfer system — helicopter fuel
— auxiliary and safety systems — crude oil and gas used directly from production facilities,
— accommodation. crane and helideck (as applicable). where applicable
— vent pipes
206 Control stations: Those spaces in which the following
equipment and functions are located: — drainage.
D. Documentation
Table C1 Abbreviations D 100 Design documentation
Abbrevi- In full 101 The following plans and particulars are normally pro-
ations duced to document offshore loading buoys (as applicable):
ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
API American Petroleum Institute — buoy structure including fairleads/anchor line stoppers
— turntable and bearings
BS British Standards(issued by British Standard Institution).
— universal joints
DNV Det Norske Veritas — loading boom/yoke
DVR Design Verification Report — helideck
EN Euro-norm — superstructure
IEC International Electrotechnical Committee — anchoring arrangement
— mooring arrangement
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
— complete specification of fire extinguishers
ISO International Standards Organisation — drawings showing details such as; the means for access to
LEL Lower Explosion Limit different enclosed areas.
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design — general arrangement showing extent of hazardous areas/
MSA Manufacturing Survey Arrangement main layout drawings
— structural analysis
NACE: National Association of Corrosion Engineers.
— stability analysis
NDE Non Destructive Examination — anchoring analysis
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association. — mooring analysis
OCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum — main particulars for fluid transfer system such as:
SPM Single Point Mooring
— applicable codes and standards
SWL Safe Working Load — design temperature (min. and max.)
— design pressure rating
— fabrication specifications including pipe bending,
welding, heat treatment, type and extent of NDE, test-
ing etc.
— flow sheets of piping and instrumentation diagram
(P&ID) with reference to appropriate designation
— strength calculations.
CHAPTER 2
TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
CONTENTS PAGE
Sec. 1 Loading/Unloading Facilities and Arrangements .................................................................... 15
Sec. 2 Materials and Corrosion Protection.......................................................................................... 17
Sec. 3 Structural Strength.................................................................................................................... 19
Sec. 4 Anchoring and Mooring ........................................................................................................... 21
Sec. 5 Stability and Watertight Integrity............................................................................................. 22
Sec. 6 Piping, Equipment and Hoses .................................................................................................. 23
Sec. 7 Hazardous Area and Ventilation .............................................................................................. 24
Sec. 8 Electrical Installations .............................................................................................................. 25
Sec. 9 Fire Safety ................................................................................................................................ 26
Sec. 10 Control Systems ....................................................................................................................... 27
Sec. 11 Manufacture, Sea Transport and Commissioning .................................................................... 28
SECTION 1
LOADING/UNLOADING FACILITIES AND ARRANGEMENTS
E. Fluid Transfer Systems installation, maintenance etc. shall be provided with properly
designed lifting attachment, e.g. lifting lugs.
E 100 General
101 Design limits, i.e. maximum and minimum allowable F 200 Loads
conditions for a component, shall take into account the effects 201 Any part of the equipment shall be designed for the most
of operational conditions such as start up, change over, run un-favourable load condition. For each loading condition, and
down, hydrate formation, water hammer, and slugs. for each component or cross section to be considered, the most
102 When it is essential for the safety that the function of a un-favourable combination, position and direction of forces,
component is maintained for a specific period of time in the which may act simultaneously shall be used in the analysis.
event of fire, the qualifying properties shall be verified.
F 300 Design pressure and temperature
301 The lowest and highest design temperature at the corre-
F. Equipment Design sponding maximum design pressure shall be specified with
adequate margins to cover uncertainties in the prediction. Both
F 100 General internal and external conditions shall be considered.
101 Equipment or components which are to be lifted for
SECTION 2
MATERIALS AND CORROSION PROTECTION
204 Test report are acceptable for other equipment. 102 Dissimilar metallic materials in contact shall be avoided
or adequately protected against galvanic corrosion.
103 External steel surfaces exposed to the marine atmos-
phere and splash zone shall be protected by coating. Special
E. Corrosion Protection of Systems and metallic materials may be used.
Equipment 104 Steel components submerged in seawater shall be exter-
E 100 General nally protected by cathodic protection or a combination of
cathodic protection and coating.
101 Equipment and piping shall be corrosion resistant or
protected against corrosion where considered necessary for 105 Internal corrosion control shall be used if the commodity
safety or operational reasons. contains water or has a relative humidity of more than 50 %
and if the partial pressure of corrosive gases is above the fol-
Guidance note: lowing limits:
Unprotected carbon steel and stainless steel materials shall not be
used for seawater service except for high molybdenum stainless — oxygen: 100 Pa
steel or equivalent. — hydrogen sulphide: 10 kPa
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— carbon dioxide: 20 kPa
Increased corrosivity due to combination of gases shall be con-
Corrosion allowance of low alloy carbon steel shall be depend- sidered.
ent on corrosivity of commodity, lifetime of equipment and
corrosion control method used. 106 Inhibitors shall be selected when relevant to suit the
actual internal environment.
Guidance note:
Corrosion allowance in Table E1 is given as guidance. 107 Corrosion monitoring shall be used where considered
necessary.
Table E1 Corrosion allowance "c" for steel materials
Service 1) 2) c (mm)
Saturated steam 0.8
Steam coils 2
Feedwater and blowdown pipes (for boilers) 1.5
Compressed air 1.0
Hydraulic oil 0.3
Lubricating oil 0.3
Fuel oil 1
Refrigerants 0.3
Fresh water 0.8
Hydrocarbon service 2
Mud or cement 3
1) An additional allowance for external corrosion shall be
considered according to the figures given in the Table,
depending on the external medium
2) Where efficient protective methods against corrosion are
used, the corrosion allowance may be reduced up to 50 %
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SECTION 3
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
DNV-C201 Sec.4. ⎝
102 Concrete constituents and reinforcements shall comply
with DNV-OS-C502. Sides (from main deck to still-water level):
shall be determined based on likely directions for wind, current 202 Requirements for materials and fabrication of slewing
and waves. bearings are given in DNV Standard for Certification No. 2.22
203 Relevant design conditions are given in Table D1 and Lifting Appliances.
D2. 203 For slewing bearings of ball and roller type, the follow-
The loading conditions are defined as follows: ing aspects shall be considered:
SECTION 4
ANCHORING AND MOORING
A. Anchoring B. Mooring
A 100 General B 100 Mooring hawsers
101 Requirements for anchoring systems are given in DNV- 101 Mooring hawsers shall be of a material suitable for off-
shore use. Behaviour in wet condition and under cyclic load
OS-E301. shall be documented. Attention is to be paid to possible wear
of hawsers at critical points.
A 200 Special provision for loading buoys
102 The mooring hawser(s) and equipment shall not cause
201 For installations equipped with hawser load monitoring incompatibility between the buoy and the moored ship/unit.
and hose and hawser Quick Disconnect systems the Safety 103 For single mooring hawser systems, the hawser shall be
Factors given in DNV-OS-E301 for intact condition may be designed with a safety factor of 3.0 on the rated static breaking
reduced by 10%. strength.
202 Damage to the under buoy hoses may be accepted in sur- 104 For double separated mooring hawser systems, each
vival condition provided the damage is limited to the hoses individual hawser shall be designed for the total maximum
mooring load with a safety factor of 1.5 of the rated static
only and the damage of the hoses will not result in pollution. breaking strength.
The owner/operator of the installation shall agree to such a
design. 105 Mooring hawsers and associated equipment shall be
designed, fabricated, tested and installed in accordance with
203 Design based on "Intact condition" only may be accept- the requirements of a recognised standard, e.g.:
able provided the Factors given in DNV-OS-E301 for intact
— OCIMF Guidelines for the Purchasing and Testing of SPM
condition is increased by a factor of 1.2 and a anchor line fail- Hawsers
ure will not result in a major pollution or major damage to the — OCIMF Recommendations for Equipment Employed in
buoy the Mooring of Ships at Single Point Moorings
SECTION 5
STABILITY AND WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
SECTION 6
PIPING, EQUIPMENT AND HOSES
SECTION 7
HAZARDOUS AREA AND VENTILATION
SECTION 8
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
A. General 102 Other codes and standards such as IEEE, NFPA, IEC,
BS or similar may be applied upon consideration in each case.
A 100 Application
101 Electrical installations shall comply with DNV-OS-
D201, as applicable.
SECTION 9
FIRE SAFETY
B. Specific Requirements for Offshore Loading — approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in
Buoys service and working spaces
— emergency shelter and other enclosed areas, e.g. for
B 100 General machinery
101 The arrangement of fire control and extinguishing shall — electrical power generation and distribution shall be
be adequate for the buoy during its intended operation. Com- arranged with a fixed fire extinguishing system as outlined
pensating procedures and measures, e.g. standby vessel with in DNV-OS-D301
fire fighting equipment during manned periods shall be cred- — provision for helicopter facilities.
ited.
102 All fire-extinguishing appliances shall be kept in good 302 Helicopter facilities shall in principle comply with the
order and shall be available for immediate use. requirements in DNV-OS-D301 Sec.5. For installations where
adequate arrangement of fire control and fire extinction for the
B 200 Unmanned buoys buoy is achieved without the provision of a fire pump, fixed
dry powder system of capacity 250 kg is at least to be installed.
201 An unmanned buoy does not require permanent arrange-
ment for fire control and extinction.
SECTION 10
CONTROL SYSTEMS
SECTION 11
MANUFACTURE, SEA TRANSPORT AND COMMISSIONING
CHAPTER 3
CONTENTS PAGE
Sec. 1 Certification and Classification ............................................................................................... 31
Sec. 2 Design Approval ...................................................................................................................... 32
Sec. 3 Certification of Materials and Equipment................................................................................ 33
Sec. 4 Survey during Construction ..................................................................................................... 35
Sec. 5 Surveys at Testing and Installation .......................................................................................... 36
Sec. 6 Classification in Operation....................................................................................................... 37
SECTION 1
CERTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
SECTION 2
DESIGN APPROVAL
B. Documentation
B 100 Design documentation C. Stability and Watertight Integrity
101 The following plans and particulars shall be submitted
for approval, as applicable: C 100 General
101 For simple unmanned buoys, other stability require-
— buoy structure including fairleads/anchor line stoppers ments may be considered by the Society.
— turntable and bearings
— universal joints
— loading boom/yoke
— helideck D. Piping, Equipment and Loading Hoses
— superstructure
— anchoring arrangement D 100 Torsional seals
— mooring arrangement
— arrangement of fluid transfer systems with following 101 If torsional seals are used, a prototype test may be
information to be included: required by the Society.
SECTION 3
CERTIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Table C1 Category for pressure containing equipment 102 Mooring equipment such as mooring hawsers, yokes
(Continued) and connecting links is subject to certification. The certifica-
tion may be based on internationally recognised codes and
Component Conditions Category
standards as referred to.
IB 1) II
Flexible hoses For flammable or toxic fluids X
Swivels and All X
torsional seals
Components Specified yield strength > 345 X
above when MPa (50000 psi) or tensile
made of high strength > 515 MPa (75000 psi)
strength mate-
rial
1) The extent for witnessing tests may be agreed upon with the
Society based on manufacturer's QA/QC system.
2) Applicable only for piping components in systems with those
media referred to in Table C1.
SECTION 4
SURVEY DURING CONSTRUCTION
SECTION 5
SURVEYS AT TESTING AND INSTALLATION
SECTION 6
CLASSIFICATION IN OPERATION