USE OF AIS TECHNOLOGY ON

MARITIME
SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS AND
OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Pedro Paulo Becker ,Rafael Barragan Loy, Ronaldo dos Santos
PETROBRAS TRANSPORTE SA
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
TRANSPETRO BY NUMBERS:
PRODUCT TRANSPORT
SEA TRANSPORT : 80 MILIONS OF TONS/YEAR;
TERMINALS AND PIPELINES: 603 MILIONS/ M³ OF CRUDE OIL,
HYDROCARBON AND ÁLCOHOL/YEAR
GAS : 62,38 MILIONS/ M³ OF GAS/DAY (2017)

STORAGE CAPACITY
TERMINALS: 10,7 MILIONS M³

PIPELINES AND TERMINALS

7.719 KM OF CRUDE OIL AND LIQUID HYDROCARBON PIPELINES
7.155 KM DE GAS PIPELINES
TOTAL PIPELINE OPERATION: 14.873 KM

20 TERRESTRIAL TERMINALS
27 MARITIME TERMINALS
3 LNG PROCESSING TERMINALS

MARITIME TRANSPORT
56 TANKER SHIPS
 AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
SINGLE POINT MOORING - MONOBUOY
Monobuoy is a kind of a floating terminal, installed
and anchored on minimum distance from coastline, at
a sea place deep enough to support the draft of a
tanker ship with load capability enough to operate on
the terminal storage facilities at land through
submarine pipelines. Due of the size of this ships, and
the normally large volume of product loading or Imagem
unloading aboard, product transfer operation may last Image
as long 48 hours, until full programmed product
transfer. The alignment capacity of the whole set
consisting of ship connected to monobuoy to wind and
sea current changes at any time, is what establish
the mechanical project concept of monobuoys: It’s
an interface equipment between a fixed submarine
pipeline and a mobile string section of floating hoses
for connection to tanker ship deck manifolds.
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
SINGLE POINT MOORING – TEFRAN MONOBUOY

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AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
SINGLE POINT MOORING – TEDUT 2 MONOBUOYS

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 AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
MULTIPOINT MOORING – BUOY ARRAY
Multipoint mooring is also a kind of a floating
terminal, installed and anchored on minimum
distance from coastline, at a sea place deep
enough to support the draft of a tanker ship
with load capability enough to operate on the
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terminal storage facilities at land through
submarine pipelines. The main difference to Image
single point is the fact that ship stands anchored
on its bow, and tied to five fixed buoys along
board, starboard and stern; here the size of
this ships is lower , and sea conditions must be
of lower wave size. An unique flexible submarine
pipeline exists in place of floating hoses for
connection of submarine pipeline manifold to
tanker ship deck manifolds.
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
MULTIPOINT MOORING – BUOY ARRAY

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 AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
WHAT IS AIS ? Imagem
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AIS –Automatic Identification System is a VHF
marine mobile band network based on GNSS-
Global Network Satellite System data, capable
of real time ship localization and plotting on
electronic nautical chart display devices of
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vessels and port control centers (VTS).
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Additionally, ship data and route, weather, aids
to navigation, and other basic info sea Image
navigation aspects are broadcast in form of
spanning messages.
 AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS TRANSCEIVERS
ITU –International Telecommunications Union establishes patterns of radio
aspects , digital protocol and AIS messages, operating over maritime mobile VHF
band, 156MHz a 174 MHz. System operation is on two 25 KHz bandwith
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channels, and equipments keep two active channels simultaneouslly inside VHF
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band. On AIS digital protocol, a “frame” AIS is one minute long, and is divided on
2250 time slots over the 25 khz band in each one of the two frequency carriers ,
totalizing 4500 channels of users at the VHF coverage region. This determining
time reference of the frame minute is got from the master clock of GNSS,
( accurate to 10 ns) , and replyed among base and mobile stations.
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS TRANSCEIVERS

The AIS transceiver is designed from SDR – Software Defined Radio - techniques
concepts, also applied to modern cell telephony , and, like so, uses TDMA
multiplexing techniques to connect network nodes or stations. There are
variations like SOTDMA, RATDMA, FATDMA e CSTDMA, dependingImagem the kind of
stations, mobile or fixed, and the type of messages. Differently
Imageof cell telephony
, based in ERBs and fixed switching centers, AIS system owns the capacity of
self-organization of user access to multiplexing matrix over all VHF coverage
area, a basic characteristics of TDMA –SOTDMA (Self-Organized Time Division
Multiple Access) multiplexing protocol. The transmission bit rate is 9600 bit/s.
Ref (1) presents AIS network electrical and communications concepts and
patterns.
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
TYPES OF AIS TRANSCEIVERS
Class A – Designed for use on large commercial ships, cargo and transoceanic
passenger ships. Class A AIS transmits 12.5 watts RF and must have O&M display-
(normally over ECDIS screen);
Class B- similar class A transceivers, are smaller , with more simple easy
operational resources , and are designed to commercial and leisure market, fishing,
supply tugs, sport boats and smaller vessels. TransmitsImagem
2W of RF power and timing
and message size more compact. Unnecessary to have integrated
Image display – supplied
with USB or NMEA interface for computer or notebook connection;
AIS Base station: This kind of AIS equipment design is proper for marine traffic
management centers (VTS) appliance, to monitoring AIS of region of embracement.
This equipment have complexity grade and variable technical resources, depending
the traffic to be treated and specific functions of region AIS network management,
for instance, virtual AIS target transmission;
Aids to Navigation (AtoN) – These are AIS transceivers to be installed on light
houses, port channel entrance, accidents and dangerous navigation areas.
A natural appliance to SPM and MPM.
 AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS AtoN
. More recently, new AIS technology products make possible remote emission of
simultaneous virtual and synthetic symbols, making possible temporary AIS
signaling of dedicated oil and gas maintenance vessels to stablish a guidance and
protected zone for works on submarine structures, as pipelines or well manifolds.
The basic general AIS AtoN type stablished by ITU/IALA are as follows:
AIS AtoN type I : This is a kind of a compact station with only transmission
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capability , and its message programing must be realized byImage
maritime authority
of the region , and device uploaded before installation. Needs base station
management in its VHF coverage area.
AIS AtoN type II: Similar type I, it has receiver installed, for message
programing from the base station of VTS center of region.
AIS AtoN type III : Type III AtoN station is more complex, being active two
receiving process for full AIS protocol function. Comparing to type I and II,
besides other differences, are the capacity of autonomous operation like a
mobile AIS (isn’t necessary a coast base station for management ) and random
access to multiplexing AIS matrix (RATDMA).
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS AtoN EFECTIVE SIGNALLING TEFRAN SPM BUOY

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AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS AtoN EFECTIVE SIGNALLING TEDUT SPM BUOYS

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AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS MESSAGE STRUCTURE

The data exchange using AIS is based on well-defined messages occupying

between one (1) and five (5) consecutive time slots and are listed in table 1. The
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majority of the messages are concerned with the transfer of navigational
Image or have system
information; however, some messages are application specific
management functions; until today, a set of 28 kinds of messages are established
by IMO/IALA.
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS AtoN INSTALLATION TIPS:
1- Remote installation is possible (Virtual and Syntetic symbols), but at the
proper AtoN place eases NMEA interface with other devices (e.g.
metherological station for optimum message 8 info).
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2- High power consumption, (e.g. 12V/10A) but under low time duty cycle –
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300ms at each 3s.

3- Low bandwith VHF ommni antenna, especial design for maximum gain;

4- Higher gain and higher height, better the coverage reachness (possible 60 nm
- 100 km)
5- MMSI- Marine Mobile Service Identity- Emitted under ANATEL station
License.
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
AIS MONITORING – SATELITTE WIDE RANGE COVERAGE

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 AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
TECHNICAL REFERENCES:
1-RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1371-3 –Technical characteristics for an automatic
identification system using time division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile band.
2-RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.585-7- Assignment and use of identities in the
maritime mobile service
3-IEC 62288 Ed 2- MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION
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EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS-Presentation of navigation related information on shipborne
navigational displays-general requirements, methods of testing Image
and required test results.
4-IALA Guideline 1082- an Overview of AIS
5-IALA Guideline 1098 –the Application of AIS AtoN on Buoys
6- IBP 1645_18 ( Rio Oil & Gas 2018 ) - SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF TANKER
SHIP TO MONOBUOY TRANSFER OPERATIONS: MONOBUOY, SHIP COMMAND BRIDGE AND
TERMINAL CONTROL ROOM DATA COMMUNICATIONS BASED ON 900 MHZ DIGITAL RADIO
7- www.anatel.gov.br- Sistemas-SCH- Transceptor para sist. id. autom.navios
8-NORMAM 17- Item 0219
AIS SIGNALLING OF SPM BUOYS
AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
EXPECTED RESULTS
As AIS becomes an integrated navigation resource at ship
command bridge, new navigation techniques and
equipment AIS based make possible an enormous upgrade
in safety and collision avoidance at Imagem
sea. In the case of
Transpetro SPM and MPM sea transfers, Image environment
protection due AIS signalling is a new era of operational
safety excellence!

OBRIGADO!