improtant question

q 1what is the time of first stage of labour ?

ans, primi- 12 to 14
multi –8 to 10

q2what is the fundal dominece ?

ans -,during lighting what is shape make by fundus called fundus
dominece

Q 3 what is the shape of utrus during term ?

Ans , globular shape

Q 4 what called the pacemeaker of the utrus ?
Ans , tubral ostea

Q5 what is the polarty of utrus

Q 6 what is the retraction ring of uterus

Ans Bandl's ring (also known as pathological retraction ring) is the abnormal junction
between the two segments of the human uterus, which is a late sign associated with obstructed
labor

Q7 What is the leanth of cervix?

Ans, normal leanth of cervix is 4 to 5 cm
During full dialation it ramain 2 cm
 Cervical dialtion

Cervical dialaton start from ture labour to 10 cm of dilation

Primi 0.5 cm/hr} until 3 cm
Multi 1 cm /hr} until 3 cm
Then pimi 1 cm /hr} till 10 cm
multi 1.5 cm/hr}10 cm
OBSTRUCTIVE DURG

Oxytocis
1.oxytocin (utrine contructopn during labour )
2.Ergoderivative (bleeding stop) given affter labour )
3. prostaglandine

Oxytocin > natural hormone

^
Hypothalemus gland (secretion)
^
Posterior pitutary gland (storage)

Dose of oxytocin 1 amp 5 IU

Rout iv /im with 500 RL/NS 1 IU initialy
START 15 ml/hr for 20 minut
30ml/hr for 20 minut
60ml/hr for 20 minut
Then with 500 RL/NS 2 IU
START 15 ml/hr for 20 minut
30ml/hr for 20 minut
60ml/hr for 20 minut
Then with 500 RL/NS 2 IU same

Dose of ergometrine And mithargin

Tab-0.5mg to 1 mg
ING -0.2 mg to 0.5 mg
TRIAGE SYSTEM

TRIAGE SYSTEM ACC DISATER

 TRIAGE SYSTEM ACC INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF NEONAT AND
CHILDHOOD ILLNESS(IMNCI)

Q.1What is Gangrene?

Gangrene is characterized by tissue necrosis (cell death), caused by either infection or

ischemia to a certain region of the body. Most commonly the extremities, but could even be
the organs.

Causes Lack of blood flow to a region of the body. Thrombosis

Peripheral vascular diseaseAtherosclerosisDiabetesCausing damaged blood vessels

Types of Gangrene

Dry Gangrene-
Most commonly caused by an interruption of blood flow for a prolonged period of time.Commonly
starts in the distal ends of the limbs(toes and fingers)People with impaired blood flow to the
extremities such as diabetics are at greater risk of getting it.Characterized by dry shriveled skin with
brown, purplish blue or black color.Black coloration is a product of pooled blood.
Wet Gangrene-
Usually starts in moist areas of the body such as the lungs, bowel, cervix or mouth, but can
also be found in other places as well.What is it?The tissue is infected by a saprogenic microorganism
causing swelling of the tissue.Usually rapid onset due to blockage of venous and or arterial blood.

.Affected region becomes saturated with stagnant blood promoting rapid growth of bacteria.Bacteria
produces toxic products that can cause one to become septic.

Gas Gangrene-

Very deadly form of Gangrene

Usually caused by Clostridium perfringens bacteria.Infection spreads quickly due to the gas
production by the bacteria, rapidly contaminating tissue nearbyRapidly spreads through the
bodyToxins will cause tissue death and sepsis very quickly

SKIN
Q 1The skin also combines the ultraviolet rays from sunlight with the skin to produce of?

Vitamin D

Q,2The outer, non-sensitive, nonvascular layer of the skin?

Epidermis

Q.3Full of ridges that form what? and patterns on the fingertips that we call fingerprints

Whorls

Q.4The inner layer of skin, the dermis contains most of the skin's specialized cells and structures?

Dermis

Q.5This part of the skin is below the dermis Subcutaneous

Q.6Review These glands secrete sebum(oil) to lubricate the hair, prevent dying of the skin and hair?
Sebaceous glands

Q.7 This is a slow growing skin cancer and is a locally destructive skin tumor (MOST COMMON
TYPE OF SKIN CARCINOMA)

Basal cell carcinoma

Q.8This skin cancer might metastasize through the lymphatic and circulatory system? (MOST
DANGRUS TYPE OF SKIN CACINOMA)
 Melanoma

Q.9What are the ABCDE’s of checking your skin?

A -asymmetry

B- border

C- color

D-diameter

E-evolving

Q.10This is a skin infestation caused by the itch mite

Scabies

Q.11 This is an acute diffuse or spreading inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue,
characterized by swelling, pain, heat, and redness?

Cellulitis

Q 12This is a disease associated with lesions in the oral and nasal area?

Herpes simplex 1

Q.13 This is a disease that is associated with genital lesions?

Herpes simplex 2

Q.14Is an acute infection process also known as shingles?

Herpes Zoster

How many major regions are in the skin?

The major three layers of skin are as follow:
1). The epidermis
2). The dermis
3). The hypodermis
Which glands are not acive until puberty?
 Apocrine glands
Hair is filamentous strands of __________________cells.
dead keratinized

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce?

MELENIN

 What is the primary organ of the integumentary system?

Epidermis

 2.
Hair,Nails,sebaceous glands and sudeforious (sweat) glands are the four accessory structures of the
skin
 3.
What are the four main functions of the skin?
Protection,regulation,sensory reception,secretion

The skin is composed of two layers what are they called

Epidermis,dermis

Germinativum,spinosum,granulosum,lucidum and corneum are the five "Strata" of the epidermis

 7.
What is the protein substance that is the basic structural component for hair and nail?
Keratin
 8.
A pigment that gives color to the skin
Melanin

 9.
What is known as the corium or true skin?
Dermis

 10.
The two layers of the dermis are called the
Papillary,reticular

 11.
The cresent shaped white area of the nail is called the
lunula