IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

4, Issue 07, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Sequential Batch Reactor for Treating Greywater

Bhise Jyoti A1 Dixit Pratibha J2 Prof.Thorat P.R.3
1,2,3
Assistant Professor
1,2,3
Department of Civil Engineering
1,3
Adarsh Institute of Technology & Research Center, Vita 2Adarsh Institute of Technology, Polytechnic,
Vita
Abstract— The aim of this study was to investigate the reactor. 5L cultures were put in a bucket as standby unit.
application of sequential batch reactor (SBR) technology for Aeration was provided by two 220 V aerators to both reactor
treating greywater of AIT girl’s hostel. The performance of and a bucket. Every day the greywater was fed and
SBR was satisfactory as the effluent has four values as continuous air supply was provided for activation of sludge.
158mg/L,51mg/lit,40mg/lit,32mg/lit.and52mg/L,18mg/L,10 The Activation of sludge is indicated by the MLSS value i.e.
mg/,6mg/L of COD and BOD respectively. Applied in the range 2500-4000 mg/L.
hydraulic retention time 6hr (HRT) variation showed that as
C. Planning of Experiments
react time goes on increasing better removal of COD and
BOD parameters. 1) Fresh greywater is collected from source, allowed to
Key words: Greywater, SBR, HRT, BOD, COD settle for 3hr and then checked for various biological
parameters and physical characteristics such as COD,
I. INTRODUCTION BOD5, PH, Alkalinity, and TSS.
2) From the literature 6hr cycle time variation for
Greywater is the wastewater generated in bathroom, kitchen, greywater is carried out. Three different react times
and wash basin. Greywater is therefore the components of 1.5hr, 2hr, 2.5 hr are finalized for operation of SBR.
domestic wastewater, which have not originated from toilet. OLR range was maintained as - kgCOD/m3day.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the 3) After completion of above experiments, study of effect
application of SBR technology for treating greywater of OLR, F/M ratio and HRT on COD and BOD
collected at outlet of bathrooms. This study aimed to removal is carried out. Out of these react periods best
establish an approach for removing nutrients from greywater react period is chosen which gives maximum COD and
in lab scale model of SBR. These lab scale model was BOD removal efficiency.
developed for a batch process thus it gives the better Best react period and related configuration is used
operation working. An important feature of these technology for performance evaluation of SBR system.
is the advantage of operating HRT such as the
microbiological activity occurred in react phase should be D. Experimental Setup of Sequential Batch Reactor
done within react time so proper react time should be Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show schematic diagram and photographic
maintained. view of SBR. Table 2 represents the components of
experimental set up. The details of these components are
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS discussed below.
A. Characterization and Identification of Source
Parameters Range/Values
Ph 6-7
Alkalinity 144
COD 639mg/lit
BOD 325mg/lit
Table 1: Characterization
A.I.T girl’s hostel was selected as sampling source. As it
was chosen because of ease of accessibility and uptil SBR is
only used for industrial wastewater but it will be used for
domestic wastewater. There was collection chambers
consists of five inlets. These five inlets carry greywater from
various outlet points. Grab sampling method was used for
collection of sample. Sample was taken thrice in week
between 8:30 AM to 10:30 AM. As it was observed that
adequate volume of wastewater was available in the
chamber at this period. So this period was chosen for
collection of sample for entire study. Fig. 1: Sequential Batch Reactor
Both sources of wastewater were collected in Notation Description
sterilized PVC cans of 5L capacities. About 20L of A Overhead tank
wastewater were collected during each collection. B Flow control valve
B. Sludge Activation C Inlet of reactor
D Reactor
5L of waste cultures (sludge) from secondary outlet of
E Outlet at 35cm from below
Ichalkaranji sewage treatment plant was added in SBR

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 Sequential Batch Reactor for Treating Greywater
(IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 07/2016/144)

F Sludge wasting valve collection of sample. Sample was taken thrice in week
G Aerator between 8:30 AM to 10:30 AM. Flow rate was adjusted with
Table 2: Components of experimental set up respect to corresponding fill time. 1hr, 1.5hr, 2hr, 2.5hr
1) Overhead Storage Tank these varying react periods was selected for operation;
The overhead plastic tank of 20L capacity was kept at a variation can be done in react phase. Then reactor is tested
height of 0.8m above SBR reactor to store greywater. This for leakage and aeration, one aerator is not sufficient so, two
stored greywater in the tank was used in the experiments. aerators was placed in reactor.
The stored wastewater was drawn from the tank during fill Firstly initial characterization of greywater was
phase of cycle of an SBR and passed through the flow done after these corresponding react period cycles were
control valve to the reactor. taken. Flow rate was maintained for fill time then in react
2) Flow Control Valve phase aeration starts so mixing of biomass and greywater
Flow control valve was solenoid valve placed at the lower takes place then in settle phase aeration unit stops and
level of overhead tank and above reactor. During settling of particles done through gravity and lastly
experiment, in the fill stage wastewater was fed to the decanting was done to take surplus water which will be
reactor from the storage tank through 4mm flexible pipe. clean after treatment.
3) Reactor Sl. No Operation Step 6hr 6hr 6hr 6hr
A reactor made up of acrylic material having 7L capacity 1 Fill 1 1 0.5 0.5
and 0.09m diameter. The working volume is 6.67L. A 2 React 1 1.5 2 2.5
reactor had various parts e.g. opening for inlet, opening for 3 Settle 2 2 2 2
decant, opening for sludge wasting etc. Greywater was fed 4 Decant 1 1 1 0.5
to the reactor through inlet pipe of dia.4mm which was 5 Idle 1 0.5 0.5 0.5
provided at upside of reactor. The outlets were provided at Table 4: Operation time in an aerobic SBR
two different heights. One outlet was provided at 35cm from
below was of 1.25cm diameter and second outlet was G. Results and Discussions
provided at bottom of the reactor for sludge wasting. Sludge 1) COD
wasting outlet of 1.25cm dia. was provided at the bottom of
reactor to waste the excess sludge from the reactor. Air
supplied through two aerators of 220 V capacities. To keep
the particles in suspension there is a provision of two
aerators.

Fig. 3: COD (mg/L)

Above fig.3 Shows that organic strength of greywater
generated from hostel. This result shows day to day
variation of greywater. The influent COD were 833mg/L,
639mg/L, 573mg/L, and 611mg/L respectively. Then this
influent was feed to SBR of four different react period
i.e.1hr, 1.5hr, 2hr, and 2.5hr. As the react time increases
value of COD decreases. Effluent COD were 158mg/lit,
Fig. 2: Outlets of Sequential Batch Reactor 51mg/lit, 40mg/lit and 32mg/L respectively.
E. Parameters of Analysis 2) BOD
BOD5, COD are parameters of domestic wastewater analysis
where as MLSS and SVI are parameters of settling
characteristics of sludge. These parameters were analyzed
according to standard methods. Table 3.2 represents the
parameters, methods of analysis and instruments which were
used for the experiments.
Sr. No. Parameters Method
2. COD Digestion
3. BOD5 at 200C Iodide-Azide
4. MLSS Gravimetric
5. MLVSS Gravimetric
Table 3 Parameters and methods of analysis Fig. 4: BOD (mg/L)
Above fig.4 Shows that BOD values of influent and effluent.
F. Operation of SBR The influent BOD were 350mg/L, 325mg/L, 298mg/L,
Greywater was collected from AIT girl’s hostel by using 324mg/L respectively. As the react time increases value of
grab sampling. Grab sampling method was used for BOD decreases. In react period of 1hr,1.5 hrs, 2 hrs, 2.5 hrs

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 Sequential Batch Reactor for Treating Greywater
(IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 07/2016/144)

BOD values of effluent were 52mg/L, 18mg/L, 10mg/L,

6mg/L respectively.
3) Effect of F/M ratio on BOD

Fig. 8: Effect of Reaction period on TSS

7) Effect of OLR on COD for varied react period

Fig. 5: Effect of F/M ratio on BOD

Above fig.5 shows the relation between F/M ratio and BOD
for 6hr cycle time .F/M ratio ranges are 0.069, 0.066,
0.0787, and 0.114. MLSS values are 5060mg/L, 4920mg/L,
3785mg/L, and 2850mg/L respectively. As F/M increases
BOD removal efficiency decreases.
4) Effect of F/M ratio on COD

Fig. 9: Effect of OLR on COD removal for cycle time of

6hr.
Fig 9 shows relation between applied OLR and COD
removal efficiency for 6 hr cycle time. OLR ranges were
0.0141 kgCOD/m3.day to 0.02 kg COD/m3.day.Removal
efficiency of organic strength depends on OLR. It can be
observed from the figure that as OLR decreases COD
removal efficiency increases from 81.03%, 92.175%,
93.01%,94.76% variation of 1hr, 1.5hr, 2hr, and 2.5hr react
Fig. 6: Effect of F/M ratio on COD
time respectively.
Above fig.6 shows effect of F/M ratio on COD for 6hr cycle
8) Effect of OLR on BOD for varied react period
time. F/M ranges are 0.164, 0.13, 0.15, and 0.214. As F/M
increases COD removal efficiency decreases. It can be
390 55
illustrated that COD removal efficiency is increased as the
370
react time increases. 45
BOD Effluent
BOD Influent

5) MLSS 350
330 35
BOD Influent
310 25 OLR
290 BOD Effluent
15
270
250 5
0.0086 0.00803 0.00736 0.008

OLR kg COD/m3.day

Fig. 10: Effect of OLR on BOD for varied react period

Fig. 7: MLSS (mg/L)
Above fig.7 Shows MLSS quantity 5060mg/L, 4920mg/L,
3785mg/L, 2850mg/L respectively. These are the average
values of 6hr cycle time.
6) Effect of Reaction time on TSS -
Above fig.8 shows the effect of reaction period on TSS
removal. TSS influent values for 1hr,1.5hr,2hr,and 2.5hr
were 108mg/L, 117mg/L, 115mg/L, 125mg/L and effluent
values were25mg/L, 22mg/L, 8mg/L, 15mg/L respectively.
As react period increases better removal of TSS occurred.
Above fig.3.10 shows the relation between applied OLR and
BOD removal efficiency for 6hr cycle time. OLR ranges
were 0.00736 kgBOD/m3.day to 0.0086 kgBOD/m3.day. It
can be observed from the figure that as OLR decreases BOD
removal efficiency increases from 85%, 94.46%, 96.64%,
98.134% variation of 1hr, 1.5hr, 2hr, and 2.5hr react time
respectively.
Above fig.11 shows the relation between F/M ratio
and MLSS. By maintaining F/M ratio 0.114 the MLSS
concentration was of 2850mg/L thus increases the efficiency
of SBR system.

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Fig. 11: Effect of F/M ratio to MLSS
9) Effect of react period on SVI
Fig. 12 Effect of react period on SVI
Above fig.12 shows effect of react period on SVI. SVI
values were 20.55ml/gm, 19.91ml/gm, 25.89ml/gm,
35.08ml/gm respectively. These values were within the limit
(below 150ml/gm).
10) Effect of throughput volume on COD and BOD
Fig. 13: Effect of throughput volume on COD
Fig. 14: Effect of throughput volume on BOD
Above Fig. 13 and 14 shows Effect of throughput
volume on COD and BOD. With increasing throughput
volume decreasing both COD and BOD parameters.
Sequential Batch Reactor for Treating Greywater
(IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 07/2016/144)
III. CONCLUSION
Characterization of greywater generated from hostel
activities for deciding sampling location. Performance for
SBR for varying the cycle time in 6 hr cycle time. Effect of
OLR, effect of F/M ratio and react period for COD and
BOD removal efficiency are studied. The following
conclusions can be drawn from this study -
 Performance of SBR is found to be effective at OLR
0.0157 kg COD/m3 day and 0.0086 kg BOD/m3 day.
 COD and BOD removal in the SBR is found to be
significant with increase in react period.
 6 hr cycle time with 2hr react period is appropriate for
SBR system.
 2hr react period is efficient than 1hr and 1.5hr react
period. Efficiency of 2hr is 96.64%.
 2.5hr react period gives 99.08% removal efficiency but
it is not cost effective.
 SBR at different operating conditions complies with
standards regulating wastewater discharge into
agricultural drains and gardening purpose.
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