INTEGERS

University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

Cagayan de Oro City

ALS TEACHERS COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT TRAINING IN MATHEMATICS
OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS
Basic Definitions
• Natural Numbers are the counting numbers: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, . . .}
• Whole Numbers are the set of natural numbers with zero included: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .}
• Integers are the set of all whole numbers and their opposites: { . . . , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .}

ADDITION OF INTEGERS:
Examples:
3+2=5 same sign addends
-3 + (-2) = -5

3 + (-2) = 1 different sign addends

-3 + 2 = - 1
When the addends have the same sign:
Add the absolute value of the addends.
The sign of the sum will be the common sign of the addends.
(Add the numbers and keep the sign).
When the addends have different signs:
Take the absolute value of the addends.
Take the smaller from the larger absolute value.
The sign of the sum will be same as the sign of the addend with larger absolute value.
(Do a “take away” and keep the sign of the large “number”).

A. Practice Makes Perfect Activity:

Find the sum of the following integers.
1) 5 + (-10) =
2) (-7) + 5 =
3) (-4) + (-6) =
4) (-10) + 13 =

SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS:
Let a and b be integers.
Then a – b = a + (-b).
Change subtraction to addition and change the sign of what follows.
Examples:
3–2= 3 + (-2) = 1
3 – (-2) = 3 + (2) = 5
-3 – 2 = -3 + (-2) = -5
-3 – (-2)= -3 + (2) = - 1

B. Find the difference of the following integers.

1) 5 - (-10) =
2) (-7) - 5 =
3) (-4) - (-6) =
4) (-10) - 13 =
5) (-24) - 10 =

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE OF ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

OF INTEGERS IN SOLVING DAILY PROBLEMS

Pede I. Casing, PhD Math Ed Student Page 1

 INTEGERS

Situations Representing Positive Integers Situations Representing Negative Integers

A gain of 3 kilos is 3. A less of 3 kilos is -3.
A raise of P1,200 is 1,200. A deduction of P1,200 is -1,200.
15 km east is 15. 15 km west is –15.
Savings of P175 monthly is 175. Expenditures of P175 monthly is -175.

PROBLEM SOLVING.
1) Arnold is a volunteer protecting the environment. On Monday, he rowed 8 km upstream on a
river then rowed 5 kilometers downstream on the following day. How many kilometers was he
from the starting point?

2) The starting balance in a savings deposit is P1,780. What is the balance after withdrawal of
P500 and P700?

MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERS:
3x2=6 same sign factors
-3 x (-2) = 6

-3 x 2 = -6 different sign factors

3 x (-2) = -6

We see two cases: same sign factors -------- positive

different sign factors ----- negative

Multiply and count the negative signs:

Even number of negative signs, result is positive,
Odd number of negative signs, result is negative.

C. Find the product of the following integers.

1) 5 x (-10) =
2) (-7) x 5 =
3) (-4) x (-6) =
4) (-10) x 13 =
5) (-24) x 10 =
6) (-2) x (-2) x 4 =

DIVISION OF INTEGERS:
6/3 = 2 the same sign
-6/(-3) = 2

-6/3 = - 2 different sign factors

6/(-3) = - 2

When the dividend & divisor have the same sign:

Divide the absolute value of the factors.
The quotient will be positive.
D. Find the quotient of the following integers.
1) (-10) ÷ 5=
2) 12 ÷ (-2)=
3) (-40) ÷ (-8) =
4) (-27) ÷3 =
5) (-24) ÷ (-6)=
6) (-100) ÷ (-5) ÷ (-4) =

Pede I. Casing, PhD Math Ed Student Page 2