A

Seminar REPORT ON

Swachh
Bharat
Abhiyan
Submitted To: Dr. Poonam Sharma Submitted By: Mehtab Singh

(Assistant Professor) B.com (hons.) 4th sem

Roll no. – 17110011623

(17303025)

PG Department of Commerce and Business

Administration
Khalsa College Amritsar -143001

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and final shape of this project required a lot of effort, guidance and
support from many people. I feel privileged to have got this all along the completion
of my project on “SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN ”. I priorly thank to god for
giving me blessings on me especially for my project ,secondly to my teacher, Dr.
Poonam Sharma (Assistant professor), for giving me an opportunity to do this
project and providing me all the support and guidance due to which this project is
completed on time. I would like to extend sincere regards to my Parents and my close
friends for their encouragement and for their timely support and guidance. Feeling
Blessed ....

Mehtab Singh

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 SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) (or Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)

orClean India Mission in English) is a campaign in India that

aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India's

cities, smaller towns, and rural areas. The objectives of Swachh

Bharat include eliminating open defecation through the

construction of household-owned and community-owned toilets

and establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring toilet

use. Run by the Government of India, the mission aims to

achieve an Open-Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2 October 2019,

the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, by

constructing 90 million toilets in rural India at a projected cost

of 1.96 lakh crore (US$30 billion). The mission will also

contribute to India reaching Sustainable Development Goal

Number 6 (SDG 6).

The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014

at Rajghat, New Delhi by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is

India's largest cleanliness drive to date with 3 million

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government employees, school students, and college students

from all parts of India participating in 4,041 statutory cities,

towns and associated rural areas.

The mission contains two sub-missions: Swachh Bharat

Abhiyan ("Gramin" or rural), which operates under the Ministry

of Drinking Water and Sanitation; and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

(Urban), which operates under the Ministry of Housing and

Urban Affairs.

The mission includes ambassadors and activities such as

national real-time monitoring and updates from non-

governmental organizations (NGOs) such as The Ugly

Indian, Waste Warriors and Swach Pune (Solid Waste Collection

and Handling) that are working towards its ideas of Swachh

Bharat.

BACKGROUND

The rural sanitation programme in India was introduced in the

year 1954 as a part of the First Five Year Plan of the Government

of India. The 1981 Census revealed rural sanitation coverage

was only 1%. The International Decade for Drinking water and

Sanitation during 1981-90, began giving emphasis on rural

sanitation. Government of India introduced the Central Rural

Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986 primarily with the

objective of improving the quality of life of the rural people and

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also to provide privacy and dignity to women. From 1999, a

“demand driven” approach under the “Total Sanitation

Campaign” (TSC) emphasized more on Information, Education

and Communication (IEC), Human Resource Development

(HRD), Capacity Development activities to increase awareness

among the rural people and generation of demand for sanitary

facilities. This enhanced people’s capacity to choose appropriate

options through alternate delivery mechanisms as per their

economic condition. Financial incentives were provided to Below

Poverty Line (BPL) households for construction and usage of

individual household latrines (IHHL) in recognition of their

achievements.

To generate awareness on sanitation, the Nirmal Gram

Puraskars (NGP) were awarded to recognise the achievements

and efforts made at the GP level in ensuring full sanitation

coverage and achieving other indicators of open defecation free

GPs. While the award gained popularity in bringing about a

desire in the community for attaining Nirmal Status, there have

been issues of sustainability in some awardee GPs.

Launch Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign, launched on 2

October 2014, aims to eradicate open defecation by 2 October

2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, by

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constructing 90 million toilets in rural India at a projected cost

of1.96 lakh crore (US$30 billion). The national campaign spans

4,041 statutory cities and towns. conceived in March 2014 at a

sanitation conference organised by UNICEF India and the Indian

Institute of Technology as part of the larger Total Sanitation

Campaign, which the Indian government launched in 1999.

Previous sanitation campaigns

On 1 April 1999, the Government of India restructured the

Comprehensive Rural Sanitation Programme and launched the

Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) which was later (on 1 April

2012) renamed "Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan" by then Prime Minister

Manmohan Singh. A limited randomized study of eighty villages

in rural (Madhya Pradesh) showed that the TSC programme did

modestly increase the number of households with latrines, and

had a small effect in reducing open defecation. However, there

was no improvement in the health of children."

The earlier "Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan" rural sanitation

program was hampered by the unrealistic approach.

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Consequently, Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan was restructured by

Cabinet approval on 24 September 2014 as Swachh Bharat

Abhiyan.

Finance

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is expected to cost over ₹620

billion (US$9.5 billion). The government provides an incentive of

15,000 (US$230) for each toilet constructed by a BPL family. An

amount of 90 billion (US$1.4 billion) was allocated for the

mission in the 2016 Union budget of India. International

Monetary Fund provided a US$1.5 billion loan and $25 million

in technical assistance in 2016 for the Swachh Bharat Mission

to support India's universal sanitation initiation. The programme

has also received funds and technical support from the World

Bank, corporations as part of corporate social responsibility

initiatives, and by state governments under the Sarva Shiksha

Abhiyan and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan schemes.

Activities

Planned initiatives

The Government appointed PWD with the responsibility to

dispose off waste from Government offices. The Ministry of

Railways planned to have the facility of cleaning on demand,

clean bed-rolls from automatic laundries, bio-toilets, dustbins in

all non-AC coaches. The Centre will use its Digital India project

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in conjunction with the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to have solar-

powered trash cans, which send alerts to sanitation crew once

they are full. The Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya campaign

was launched by Smriti Irani, of the Minister of Human Resource

Development, Government of India by participating in the

cleanliness drive along with the school's teachers and students.

GOAL: TO ACHIEVE “SWACHH BHARAT” BY 2019.

The main objectives of the SBM (G) are as under:

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)

 Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in

the rural areas, by promoting cleanliness, hygiene and

eliminating open defecation.

 Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the

vision of Swachh Bharat by 2nd October 2019.

 Motivate Communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions to

adopt sustainable sanitation practices and facilities

through awareness creation and health education.

 Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for

ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.

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  Develop wherever required, Community managed

sanitation systems focusing on scientific Solid & Liquid

Waste Management systems for overall cleanliness in the

rural areas.

STRATEGY

The focus of the Strategy is to move towards a ‘Swachh Bharat’

by providing flexibility to State Governments, as Sanitation is a

state subject, to decide on their implementation policy and

mechanisms, taking into account State specific requirements.

This is focused to enable States to develop an Implementation

Framework that can utilise the provisions under the Mission

effectively and maximize the impact of the interventions. The

Government of India’s role would be to complement the efforts of

the State Governments through the focused programme being

given the status of a Mission, recognizing its dire need for the

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SBM PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION DIAGRAM

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IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation of SBM (G) is proposed with ‘District‘ as the base

unit, with the goal of creating ODF GPs. The District

Collectors/Magistrates/CEOs of Zilla Panchayats are expected to

lead the Mission themselves, so as to facilitate district wide

planning of the Mission and optimum utilization of resources.

The Baseline Survey data of 2013 collected by States and

entered on the IMIS of MDWS by 31.1.2015 will be considered as

the base for States where the survey is complete. For other

States the data entered on completion of the Survey will be taken

as the base data. A project proposal shall be prepared by the

District, scrutinized and consolidated by the State Government

into a State Plan. The State Plan with district wise details will be

shared with the Government of India (Swachh Bharat Mission-

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Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation). This Plan will

include a 5 year Plan along with 5 independent Annual Plans

which merge into the 5 year Plan. These plans shall be approved

by the Ministry each year. On the basis of formative research

and consultation rounds, the State shall develop a tailor-made

Communication Strategy, a Communication Plan, and material

and will train community mobilisers to use these tools.

The State plans shall provide details of the IEC, BCC,

Triggering exercise, Capacity building, Implementation, Financial

support and Monitoring activities planned in each district,

consolidated for all Gram Panchayats. The District-wise plans

will have Gram Panchayat wise details. The State Project

Implementation Plans currently prepared by States on a

perspective basis shall be revised based on the Baseline data

and the revised norms of the SBM(G). The States will be allowed

to make inter-district changes in allocation of resources to the

individual districts within the overall funding of the state as a

whole as per the approved Annual Implementation Plan (AIP), in

consultation with the MDWS.

Start-Up Activities

The start-up activities include

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a. Updation of Base line survey – Conducting of preliminary

survey to assess the status of sanitation and hygiene practices

b. Orientation of key personnel at the District/GP level and

preparation of District Plans

c. Preparation of State Plan (Programme Implementation Plan –

PIP).

IEC Activities

IEC (Information, Education and Communication) is a very

important component of the Programme. IEC shall strive to bring

about community-wide behaviour change and to trigger the

demand for sanitary facilities in the rural areas for households,

Schools, Anganwadis, Community Sanitary Complexes and Solid

and Liquid Waste Management projects (SLWM) through

provision of information and awareness generation. The activities

carried out under these components will be ‘area specific’,

‘community specific’ and should also involve all sections of the

rural population. IEC is not a one-time activity. IEC strategy and

plan to be focused on creation of demand leading to behaviour

change, construction and use of toilets in a sustained manner.

Initially the focus should be on triggering of community action

for provision of toilet access to every household. Once the toilets

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are gradually being put in place, the focus should start including

sustained use as an important intervention.

Gandhi Ji’s and His Role on Sanitation:

Mahatma Gandhi was a great champion of cleanliness. He was

very much concerned about the dirty roads, streets, temples and

specially, harizan bastis of the country. Just after returning from

South Africa he noticed very bad state of affairs in India

regarding sanitation and cleanliness. He took upon himself to

motivate and personally commit towards making the country

filth free.

As early as 4th February 1916, while addressing a gathering at

the inauguration function of Banaras Hindu University, Gandhi

ji spoke about the importance of cleanliness and expressed his

pain and anguish about the dirt and filth all around. He gave

example of his visit to Vishwanath Temple and spoke about the

dirty state of affairs in and around the temple. He said: “Is not

this great temple a reflection of our own character?” Sharing his

pain he questioned whether the temple would be dirt and filth

free after the British had left the country. Thus for him

cleanliness was equally important as the freedom of the nation.

Gandhi ji was always of the view that everyone should first be

the change he/she wishes to see in the world. Thus, whenever

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and wherever Gandhi ji would get the opportunity he himself

would start cleaning the places. Also, as part of constructive

programmes and visits all over the country, apart from preparing

people for mass struggle against the British, he also lectured

them about the importance of cleanliness and proper sanitation.

In D.G. Tendulkar’s “Mahatma”, Volume Three, there is a

reference to Gandhi leaving Patna in 1934, as part of his Harijan

tour, for Orissa. At Champapurhat, he found that there was a

dispensary on the grounds of the Gandhi Seva Ashram, and

used that occasion to give a lecture on the need to rely not on

medicines for a cure, but to prevent disease.

Gandhi ji always emphasise the need to educate villagers on

good hygiene and sanitation. According to him, the true function

of the Ashram was to educate people how they could avoid

disease. Gandhi ji and his volunteers would conduct a mass

contact programme with the villagers; they would talk about the

necessity of sanitation, about keeping their places clean, and

about personal hygiene.

When the villagers near Gandhi’s ashram refused to cover

excreta with earth believing it to be a bhangi’s work and sinful,

Gandhi personally supervised the scavenging work in villages. To

set an example, he, himself used to go to the villages with a

bucket and a broom and would clean the places.

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 OBJECTIVES OF SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN

The campaign of Swachh Bharat launched by the government of

India is aimed to accomplish various goals and fulfil the vision

and mission of “Clean India” by 2nd of October 2019 which is

150th birth anniversary of the great Mahatma Gandhi. It has

been expected that the investment to cost would be over 62000

crore of Indian rupee (means US$ of 9.7 billion). It has been

declared by the government that this campaign is taken as

“beyond politics” and “inspired by patriotism”. Following are the

some important objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:

 To eradicate the system of open defecation in India.

 To convert the insanitary toilets into pour flush toilets.

 To remove the system of manual scavenging.

 To make people aware of healthy sanitation practices by bringing

behavioral changes in people.

 To link people with the programmes of sanitation and public

health in order to generate public awareness.

 To build up the urban local bodies strong in order to design,

execute and operate all systems related to cleanliness.

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 To completely start the scientific processing, disposals reuse and

recycling the Municipal Solid Waste.

 To provide required environment for the private sectors to get

participated in the Capital Expenditure for all the operations and

maintenance costs related to the clean campaign.

CORPORATE INDIA AND SWACHH BHARAT CAMPAIGN

Heeding to the call of Prime Minister Narender Modi, Corporate

India is also enthusiastically taking steps towards making the

Abhiyan a success.

Public and Private companies are appending in cleanliness

activities under their compulsory Corporate Social Responsibility

(CSR) schemes which is a statutory requirement as per

Companies Act, 2013. CSR is a mechanism through which

companies invest in activities beneficial to society as a whole.

Only recently major corporate houses such as L&T, DLF,

Vedanta, Bharti, TCS, Ambuja Cements, Toyota Kirloskar,

Maruti, Tata Motors, Coca Cola, Dabur, Aditya Birla, Adani,

Infosys, TVS and many others have earmarked budgets for

Swachh Bharat projects. According to one estimate Rs 1000

Crore worth of various cleanliness projects are in the pipeline by

corporate sector. These projects include building toilets in

distant villages, running workshops on behavioural changes,

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waste management, and water hygiene and sanitation activities

among other things.

In a bid to invite corporate funds for Swachh Bharat campaign,

the government had recently decided that corporate

contributions towards this scheme will now be counted as CSR

spend. And to make it clearer later the Corporate Affairs Ministry

also amended Schedule VII of Companies Act to specify that

contributions to ‘Swachh Bharat Kosh’ would be an eligible CSR

spends.

Therefore, not only government and private individuals but also

the corporate sector is playing its role in making India totally

clean.

HOW TO GET INVOLVED IN THE SWACHH BHARAT

ABHIYAN

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is started to make India a clean India

by the effort of all the citizens living in the country. It has been

clearly declared by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi that

anyone may actively participate in the event anytime. He just

need to take snaps of the dirty places and also take snaps of the

same places after cleaning them and upload both, before and

after snaps on the social media websites like Facebook, Twitter,

etc to familiarize and motivate other common people to do the

same in order to fulfill the vision of clean India.

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A Movie supporting this Campaign

A movie named as “Toilet: Ek Prem Katha” is released on 11

August 2017. This film is directed by Shree Narayan Singh and

co-produced by Akshay Kumar and Neeraj Pandey. Lead roles

are played by Akshay Kumar and Bhumi Pednekar. This movie

supports the campaign of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan run by the

Modi government in order to improve the sanitation conditions

and promote the eradication of open defecation especially in the

rural areas.

Another Cleanliness Initiative in UP under Swachh Bharat

Abhiyan Campaign

The Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, in March

2017 has banned chewing paan, paan masala, gutka and other

tobacco products during duty hours in all the government offices

all over the state when he saw betel-juice stained walls, corners

during his first visit to the secretariat annexe building. This

initiative was started by him to ensure cleanliness in the official

buildings.

Celebrities involved in Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Anil Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Group

Aamir Khan, Actor

Amitabh Bachchan, Actor

Baba Ramdev, Spiritual leader

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Chanda Kochhar, Managing director of ICICI Bank

Hrithik Roshan, Actor

Kamal Hassan, Actor

Kapil Sharma, Stand-up Comedian

Manisha Koirala, Actress

Mridula Sinha, Writer in Hindi Literature and Politician

Priyanka Chopra, Actress

Ruby Yadav

Sachin Tendulkar, Former Indian cricketer

Saina Nehwal, Indian Badminton Player

Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah,

REFERENCES

 www.ekal.org/pdf/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-project.pdf

 www.swachhbharaturban.in:8080/sbm/content/writeread

data/SBM_Guideline

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan

 www.indiacelebrating.com/government/swachh-bharat-

abhiyan/

 www.youngindians.net/projectswachhbharat.php

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