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Basic Administration

Module 2. Basic Administration

Basic Administration

Data ONTAP Fundamentals

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Objectives

At the end of this module, you will be able to:


– Access and execute commands using the
console
– Navigate and execute commands using
FilerView
– View a storage appliance’s system
configuration
– Access a storage appliance’s configuration
files from a remote admin host
– Setup and test the Autosupport service

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Basic Administration

Objectives

At the end of this module, you will be able to:


– Locate the available reference material on
the NOW site
– Describe where you can go online to get
documents or product support
– Identify the available system administration
documents
– Identify the available hardware documents

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Console Access

RJ-45
Connection to DB9-DB9
console port

Console Access
A terminal, or terminal server, can be connected to the storage appliance console port via a
standard RS232 connection. For example, a DB9 to DB9 serial cable (null modem) with the
following setting for the serial communication port:

x Bits per second 9600

x Data bits 8

x Parity None

x Stop bits 1

x Flow control None

Console access can be password protected.

Note: For illustration purposes, the graphic above shows an adminhost and terminal server
connected to the console of the storage appliance. There is only one console connection so you
would have either the adminhost or the terminal server connected, not both.

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Telnet Access

Telnet Access
Once you have a connection, these are the steps to login:

1. Press Enter on the console.

2. If prompted, enter a user name and password.

3. To access the storage appliance with an alternative user account, enter username.

4. Enter the password at the prompt or press Enter if no password is defined for the account.

Note: The console and telnet share a single session. Commands typed at either location are
displayed at the other location. Commands entered at either location can be aborted by pressing
Ctrl-C.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Telnet Command Settings

NetApp>options telnet.enable [on|off]

NetApp>options telnet.access [legacy|*|-|[host=hostname|IP]]

NetApp>options autologout.telnet.enable [on|off]

NetApp>options autologout.telnet.timeout [60|value]

Telnet Command Settings


To log out of a telnet session, press Ctrl-D or enter logout telnet. To access the storage
appliance from a client workstation through telnet, type:

>telnet [host name]

(where host name is the name or IP address of the storage appliance) then follow the same login
instructions as though you were entering them directly on the console.

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Options

Example Result
options telnet.enable. on Enables telnet access.

options telnet.access host=admin2 Grants telnet access to admin2 host.


Note: “trusted hosts”options is ignored
if telnet access is enabled. For more
information, type “man options” on
the command line of the storage
appliance.

options autologout.telnet.enable Enables auto-logout from telnet.


on
Note: timeout value will not be used
if this option is not set to on.

options autologout/telnet.timeout Sets the telnet session idle timeout to


30 30 seconds (default = 60 seconds).

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Access via rsh

NetApp>options rsh.enable [on|off]

NetApp>options rsh.access [legacy|*|-|[host=hostname|IP]]

Remote Shell Access


Use the options rsh.enable on command to enable Remote Shell services.

Valid values for this option are on or off.

The default value for this option is on.

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Using rsh Commands

Using rsh Commands


There are no rsh commands available that require a response. Therefore, there are fewer
commands executable via rsh than when accessing the storage appliance directly through the
console command line.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

CLI Editing

Key Combinations

 Up Arrow or Down Arrow


 Ctrl-F or Right Arrow key
 Ctrl-B or Left Arrow key
 Ctrl-E
 Ctrl-A
 Ctrl-K
 Ctrl-H
 Ctrl-U
 Ctrl-W
 Ctrl-R
 Ctrl-P
 Ctrl-N

Key Combination Function


Up Arrow or Down Arrow Scrolls through the history of the command line

Ctrl-F or Right Arrow key Moves the cursor right one position.

Ctrl-B or Left Arrow key Moves the cursor left one position.

Ctrl-E Moves the cursor to the end of the line.

Ctrl-A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.

Ctrl-K Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the line

Ctrl-H Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor
one position to the left (equivalent to a backspace).

Ctrl-U Deletes line.

Ctrl-W Deletes word.

Ctrl-R Reprints line.

Ctrl-P Moves the cursor up one line

Ctrl-N Moves the cursor down one line.

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Basic Administration

FilerView

FilerView
FilerView is an administration tool available to every NetApp storage appliance. This tool
enables IT administrators to use a web browser to access a consistent, easy-to-use graphical
interface for everyday administration tasks.

Administrators can set up and control any NetApp storage appliance remotely without disruption
to business-critical operations. While file systems remain accessible to users, they can:

x Monitor status

x Satisfy requests for additional storage capacity

x Make changes to the file system

x Make changes to file system configurations

FilerView runs in local-client web browsers and communicates to the storage appliance mostly
with HTML and SNMP protocols. It also will establish a real telnet console session to the
storage appliance upon requesting the “Use Command Line” function.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

CLI via FilerView

Using FilerView
Accessing FilerView remotely requires either:

x Netscape 4.51 or later

x Internet Explorer 4.x or later

x Browser must have Java enabled

Accessing FilerView
http:/hostname_or_IP/na_admin

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One Telnet Session

One Telnet Session


The FilerView interface allows only one telnet session at a time. If you try to open a telnet
session in either FilerView or the CLI directly, and you, or someone else, already have one open,
you will receive an error message.

When you leave the Use Command Line window in FilerView, the telnet session is closed.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Transition Slide
Basic
Appliance
Configuration

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Basic Administration

Console Commands

Console Commands
Many console commands provide storage appliance system configuration information. These
commands can be used to:

x Check your system configuration

x Monitor system status

x Verify correct system

Example Result
sysconfig -v Displays detailed information about each I/O device.

vol status -r Displays volume and RAID group information. (Note: Same as
for sysconfig –r.)

sysconfig -r Displays volume and RAID group information. (Note: Same as


for vol status –r.)

sysconfig -c Checks configuration levels of hardware against Data ONTAP


software requirements.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Options vs. Configuration Files

Options vs. Configuration Files


The options command is used to change configurable storage appliance software options. If
no options are specified, then options prints the current value of all available options. If an
option is specified with no value, then the current value of that option is printed.

Options commands:

x Can be entered on the console and some are available with FilerView

x Are automatically added to the storage appliance’s registry in the /etc/registry file

x Are persistent across reboots

x Do not require editing of configuration files

Configuration files such as /etc/rc, /etc/hosts.equiv, /etc/dgateways, /etc/hosts must be edited to


make non-options configurations permanent.

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Editing Boot Configuration Files

Editing Boot Configuration Files


The storage appliance’s boot configuration file contains commands that are run automatically
whenever the storage appliance is booted.

The configuration file is named rc and is located in the /etc directory of the storage appliance’s
root volume. The default root volume is /vol/vol0. The /etc/rc file is created automatically when
the storage appliance is configured.

The /etc/rc file contains:

x Network interface configuration information

x Commands to automatically export NFS mounts

x Other commands to run at storage appliance startup

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Recovering from /etc/rc Errors


The storage appliance can become inaccessible if:

x errors are introduced into the /etc/rc file during editing

x the network interface configuration commands in the /etc/rc file specify an incorrect address
or there are other mis-configured items

Since you cannot access the storage appliance’s configuration file to edit it with a text editor, you
will have to use other methods to correct errors in the /etc/rc file.

x You can correct the errors by using the ifconfig and exportfs commands via the
console.

x Alternately, if CIFS is enabled you can access the /etc/rc file from a CIFS client and correct
the NFS export error once the network interface is configured correctly.

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Registry Database

/etc/registry Current registry


/etc/registry.lastgood Copy of the registry as It existed
after the last successful boot
/etc/registry.bck First-level backup
/etc/registry.default Default registry

Registry Database
Persistent configuration information and other data are stored in a registry database.

Several backups of the registry database exist and are automatically used if the original registry
becomes unusable. In particular, /etc/registry.lastgood is a copy of the registry as it existed after
the last successful boot.

The /etc/registry, is edited by Data ONTAP and should not be manually edited.

Configuration commands such as the network interface configuration (ifconfig) must remain
in the /etc/rc file.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Administrative Access Control

Create admin User IDs


Restrict telnet
Limit rsh access
Limit FilerView access

Administrative Access Control


In most organizations, there are several individuals who will have administrative access to a
system. This ensures that someone will be available, either onsite or remotely, in case of an
emergency whether the primary administrator is on vacation, ill, or unavailable for any reason.

Several methods can be used to manage which individuals have administrative access to a
system:

x Creation of administrative console user IDs

x Limiting telnet access

x Restricting rsh access

x Controlling FilerView access

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User Access

User Access
An administrative user is a named account that exists on a storage appliance. Each administrative
user will have a unique login name and password, which increases security.

Administrative console users have the same privileges as root console users. Syslog
(/etc/messages) records console logins by username, time of access, and node name/address.

Note: The password must be at least 6 characters and contain at least two letters and at least one
number or special character.

Example Result
useradmin useradd devadmin1 Creates a new administrative user named
devadmin1 and prompts you for a password.

useradmin userdel devadmin1 Deletes the administrative user, devadmin1.

useradmin userlist Lists current administrative users.

passwd Prompts you to login and enter new password.


Changes console administrative user password for
the current user.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Trusted Hosts

Syntax: options trusted.hosts [hostnames|*|-]

hostnames is a comma-separated list of up to five allowed hosts


* indicates all hosts are allowed access (default)
- indicates no hosts are allowed access

Trusted Hosts
The trusted.hosts option can be used to limit telnet and FilerView access to administrative
pages to only those hosts that have been approved in advance. This prevents individuals who
have obtained administrative access IDs and passwords from accessing the system from
unknown and unapproved machines, thus increasing security.

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Admin Hosts

Admin Hosts
The term adminhost is used to describe an NFS or a CIFS client machine that has the ability to
view and modify configuration files stored in the /etc directory of the storage appliance’s root
volume.

The storage appliance grants root permissions to the administration host after the setup procedure
is complete.

Client Requirements Privilege


NFS Host name must be entered in Mount the storage appliance root
the /etc/hosts.equiv file. The directory with root permissions and edit
setup procedure automatically configuration files.
populates this file.
Enter storage appliance commands by
using a remote shell program like RSH.

CIFS User must be a member of the Edit configuration files by accessing the
“Domain Administrators” or \\filer\C$ share
“Administrators” W2Kgroups.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Transition Slide

Autosupport

Autosupport
Autosupport is a service provided for NetApp storage appliances that monitors the function of a
storage appliance. The Autosupport daemon triggers automatic email messages to members of
Network Appliance Technical Support, alerting them to potential storage appliance problems.

If necessary, technical support contacts the administrator via email and provides troubleshooting
information for resolution. Specific storage appliance conditional events can be configured as
traps that will trigger an Autosupport sequence.

Autosupport is enabled/disabled by the command:

options autosupport.enable [on|off]

Network Appliance encourages all customers to enable Autosupport. This allows our
Autosupport mechanisms to be proactive and makes us better able to assist you when you call.

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Autosupport Mail Host

Autosupport Mail Host Requirements


Because the storage appliance doesn't function as a mail host, it relies on another host at your site
to send mail on behalf of Autosupport.

If the mail host is using SMTP then it should be configured to listen on SMTP port (25).

By default, the administration host defined during setup is used as a mail host.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Autosupport Enhancements

EMERGENCY

ALERT

CRITICAL,
ERROR
WARNING

NOTICE, INFO,
DEBUG

Autosupport Enhancements
Autosupport messages contain priority tags that identify the severity of the event that was
trapped for triggering the messaging process.

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Autosupport Email Events

Autosupport Email Events


Autosupport emails can be triggered by the following events:

x Weekly logs (/etc/messages)

x System reboots

x NVRAM batteries low

x Disk, fan, and power supply failures

x Shelf faults

x System overheating

x Cluster events

x File system growth too large

x Administrator-defined SNMP traps

To read descriptions of Autosupport messages you might receive, complete the following steps.

1. Go to the Network Appliance NOW site, and search for “ Autosupport Message Matrices.”

2. View the matrices in the online version or the Data ONTAP manual listed.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Autosupport Email Contents

Autosupport Email Contents


Autosupport emails may contain any of the following:

x Output of system commands

x Date and timestamp of the message

x NetApp software version

x System ID and hostname of the storage appliance

x Software licenses enabled

x SNMP contact info and location (if configured)

x Contents of /etc/messages

x Contents of the /etc/serialnum file (if created)

In addition to the output of this list of auto-generated status reporting commands, the
Autosupport messages contain additional storage appliance-specific information. This
information helps to identify crucial parameters that are needed in follow-up handling of the
triggering event.

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Autosupport Configuration Options

options autosupport.enable
options autosupport.mailhost [host1,…,host5]
options autosupport.to [address1,…,address5]
options autosupport.from
options autosupport.content
options autosupport.noteto
options autosupport.doit [message]
options autosupport.enable [on|off]

Autosupport Configuration Options


The slide lists some of the Autosupport configuration commands available from the console.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Autosupport Options
The table shows a shortened version of the Autosupport options available. See the command
reference for a full list of options and descriptions.

Example Result
options autosupport.enable off Disables the Autosupport daemon. Default
is on.
options autosupport.mailhost Specifies two mail host names: maildev1
maildev1, mailengr1 and mailengr1. (You can enter up to five
mail host names).

Hostname is the hostname of the SMTP


mail host(s) that will receive Autosupport
email messages. Default is the hostname of
the admin host specified in setup
options autosupport.to Specifies two recipients (jjandar and ssmith)
jjandar@netapp.com, of Autosupport email messages.
ssmith@netapp.com
Address is an SMTP email address. You can
specify up to 5 addresses.

Note: Do NOT put autosupport@netapp.com


if autosupport.support.enable is "on".

options autosupport.from Defines the user, techsupport, as the sender


techsupport
of the notification

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Transition Slide
Documentation
& Support

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

www.netapp.com/Library

www.netapp.com/Library
You can access many documents from the NetApp website at http://www.netapp.com by
selecting the Library link on the menu toolbar at the top of the web page.

There is a Table of Contents where you can select a document listed alphabetically and a search
function where you can search either the Tech Library or the www.netapp.com site for a
document.

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now.netapp.com

NOW
The NOW site has a tremendous amount of support and documentation information available to
Network Appliance customers.

x You can access the NOW site by clicking on the following website: http://now.netapp.com

x If you do not have a user name and password, they can be easily obtained by clicking on the
New User Sign Up link.

x You can find documents by clicking on the Technical Assistance & Documentation link or
by performing a PowerSearch for Product Documents.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Documentation

 Software Setup Guide


 System Administration Storage Management Guide
 System Administration File Access Management Guide
 System Administration Multistore Management Guide
 System Administration Network Management Guide
 System Administration Block Access Management Guide
 System Administration Data Protection Guide
 Upgrade Guide
 Commands: Quick Reference
 Commands: Manual Page Reference
 Hardware and Service Guide

Documentation
The system administration documents are available in the Data ONTAP Information Library at
http://now.netapp.com.

Since these materials are updated regularly, you should check the website for the most recent
version.

Document Description
Software Setup Guide Describes how to set up different protocols on the filer.

System Administration Describes how to configure and manage Network


Storage Management Guide Appliance filers that run Data ONTAP 6.5 software and
are Serving Data By Design.

System Administration File Describes how to configure and manage different file
Access Management Guide access protocols supported by Data ONTAP 6.5
software and are Serving Data By Design.

System Administration Describes procedures relevant to Data ONTAP


Multistore Management administration, specifically, the administration of the
Guide vfiler feature.

System Administration Describe procedures relevant to Data ONTAP


Network Management Guide administration, specifically network-related issues.

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Document Description
System Administration Block Describes how to configure, operate, and manage
Access Management Guide Network Appliance filers that run Data ONTAP 6.5 and
are Serving Data By Design.

System Administration Data Describes procedures relevant to Data ONTAP


Protection Guide administration, specifically, data protection and high
availability issues.

Upgrade Guide Describes Data ONTAP upgrade procedures.

Commands: Quick Reference Provides a listing of all filer commands.

Commands: Manual Page Provides a listing of the man pages for filer commands.
Reference

Hardware and Service Guide Describes how to install a storage system, connect it to
the network, and start it up.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Accessing Hardware Documentation

Hardware Documentation
The NOW site contains a Hardware Information Library at http://now.netapp.com

The Hardware Information Library has documentation for NetApp filers, NearStore systems,
NetCache appliances, disk shelves, disk drives, power supplies, and related information.

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Topic Review

 How can you access the appliance’s command line?


 What is the URL for FilerView access?
 How can you view a storage appliance’s system
configuration?
 How can you access a storage appliance’s
configuration files from a remote admin host?
 What command is used to activate the Autosupport
service?
 Where can you obtain reference information and
support?
 List some of the documentation available at
now.netapp.com

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Autosupport Exercises

Basic Administration

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Basic Administration

Exercise: Basic Administration


Objective
When you have completed this module, you will be able to do the following:

x Get information regarding Data ONTAP™ commands

x Use the command line to display system configuration information

x Display volume and RAID group information

x Display disk space information

x Display filer performance statistics

x Access FilerView using a web browser

x Retrieve information from the Manual Pages

x Use Autosupport options to configure Autosupport

x Set up an SNMP contact and location information for Autosupport

Exercise Overview
Student has the opportunity to use commands, FilerView and to configure Autosupport

Time Estimate

Required Hardware, Software, and Tools


Hardware

x Filer

Software

x Data ONTAP 6.5

Command Line Interface


The purpose of this activity is for you to use the command line interface to get help and display
filer configuration and utilization information.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Getting Command Information

Step Action
1. Use either HyperTerminal, Tera Term Pro or telnet to access the filer.

2. Enter either help or ? at the filer prompt. What is displayed?

3. How can you get more detailed information regarding commands?

System Configuration Information

Step Action
1. Enter sysconfig. What happens?

2. Enter sysconfig –d. What happens?

3. Enter sysconfig –r. What happens?

4. Enter sysconfig –t. What happens?

5. Enter sysconfig –v. What happens?

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6. Enter sysconfig –c. What happens?

Volume Status and RAID Group Information


Enter each of the following commands and observe the results.

Step Action
1. Enter vol status. What happens?

2. Enter vol status –r. What happens?

3. Enter vol status –v. What happens?

4. Enter vol status –d. What happens?

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Disk Space
Enter the following commands and observe the results.

Step Action
1. Enter df . What happens?

2. Enter df –i. What happens?

Filer Performance Statistics

Step Action
1. Enter sysstat and wait 15 seconds. What happens?

_________________________________________

Wait one minute and enter Ctrl-C to terminate the command.


What happened during the one minute?

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

2. How can you display updates every second?

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

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FilerView
The purpose of this activity is for you to practice using the FilerView tool. You will access
FilerView, use FilerView to access Manual Pages and use the FilerView administration tool.

Accessing FilerView

Step Action
1. Open the web browser. (Use Internet Explorer 5.x or later.)

2. Type the following URL:

http://filername/na_admin

Note: If response is slow, check the host file of the host you are working from (or
other resolution services such as the DNS server), if you are using one. You may
also use the filer’s IP address instead of the filer name:

http://x.x.x.x/na_admin

3. Observe that the FilerView main page is displayed.

Installing Documentation

Step Action
1. Click the link to the NOW site log in and select the appropriate version of ONTAP
documentation. There are designated download links for WinZip format and TAR
files for Unix systems.

2. Download the ZIP version to your PC or workstation.

3. On the FilerView page, select Click Here next to the Documentation subheading,
respond to the prompts to install the documentation software.

4. Once the installation has finished, return to the main FilerView page and observe that
the documentation link (and icon) is now active. You may need to refresh the display.

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Viewing FilerView Documentation

Step Action
1. On the FilerView page, click the documentation icon and observe that you are
provided with a list of available documents.

2. Use the documentation to find the following information:

a. Locate the command, in the Commands: Manual Page Reference to display


ONTAP version installed on the filer and record the result __________.

b. In the System Administration Storage Management Guide-Chapter 2, determine


supported formats for Autosupport messages.

___________________________________________________________.

c. In the System Administration Storage Management Guide-Chapter 2, locate the


section that discusses the contents of Autosupport messages. List three?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

d. In the System Administration File Access Management Guide-Chapter 4, locate the


command to enable ftp: __________________________.

f. Where can you find information on how to set up quotas?

___________________________________________________

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Viewing FilerView Manual Pages

Step Action
1. On the main FilerView page, click the Manual Pages icon.

2. Observe the resulting list of available manual pages.

3. Open the manual page for Autosupport.

4. List three Autosupport options:

____________________

____________________

____________________

5. What three Table of Contents topics are always included in the manual pages?

____________________

____________________

____________________

Using the FilerView Administrative Tool

Step Action
1. Return to the FilerView main page.

2 Click FilerView and observe the administrative options on the left.

3. Explore these options. Use the ? and Help buttons, locate information.

4. Display installed licenses.

5. What is the path to configure Autosupport?

__________________________________________________

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Step Action
6. What is the FilerView path to manage snapshots?

____________________________________________

7. Use the FilerView FILER category to complete these tasks:

a. Set date and time.

b. Read syslog messages.

c. Use command line.

d. Check df, system configuration, and network interface configuration on the same
report.

e. Explore all other categories of FilerView.

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Configuring AutoSupport
The purpose of this activity is for you to practice configuring the filer’s Autosupport feature.
You will execute Autosupport console commands, enter SNMP contact and location information,
verify the filer’s serial number and test your Autosupport configuration.

Execute Autosupport options commands

Step Action
1. Use either telnet or HyperTerminal Tera Term Pro to access the filer.

2. Enter the following list of commands at the console prompt:

options autosupport.enable on

options autosupport.mailhost <UNIX Admin host>

options autosupport.to user#@<UNIX Admin host>

options autosupport.from user#@filer#

options autosupport.noteto user#@<UNIX Admin host>

Configure SNMP contact and location information

Step Action
1. Enter the following list of commands at the console prompt:

snmp contact “Student#, 555-333-3333”

snmp location “NetApp Corp, Training Lab”

snmp init 1

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Data ONTAP Fundamentals

Test the Autosupport configuration

Step Action
1. Execute this command at the console prompt:

options autosupport.doit “testing”

2. Telnet to <UNIX Admin host>.

3. Login as user# (where # is the number of your filer).

4. Enter password: user# (where # is the number of your filer).

5. Type: mail

You should see an email message with the subject:


System Notification from filer# (testing)

Verify AutoSupport contact, location and serial number are correct

Step Action
1. Enter the message number of the ‘testing’ message. For instance, if ‘testing’ is
message 1 - type 1.

The message will open.

2. On the first screen verify that the SNMP_CONTACT and SNMP_LOCATION


information reflect what you entered. That information will be shown in the second
section of the Autosupport message.

3. Press the space bar to scroll forward in the message until you view the System
Serial Number line. For instance, if your serial number was 3003908 you will see
the following:
Netapp-asup-serial-num: 3003908
4. Continue to scroll through the Autosupport message to view the other information
Autosupport sends to Autosupport recipients.
5. Press ‘q’ to exit.

End of Exercises

2-48 Do Not Duplicate – June 2004 Student Guide


Basic Administration

Module 2. Overview Instructor’s Notes


Filer needs software installed but not the documentation

Instructor Notes Do Not Duplicate – June 2004 2-49


Data ONTAP Fundamentals

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2-50 Do Not Duplicate – June 2004 Instructor Notes

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