Theory of Florence Nightingle

Florence Nightingle, the founder of modern nursing was born in

Florence, Italy, on May 12, 1820 that is why every May 12 of a year is
called the “nurses’ day”. According to her biographer, Sir Thomas
Cook, Nightingle was a linguist (a person skilled in foreign
languages); had a vast knowledge of science, mathematics, literature
and the arts; was well read in philosophy, history, politics, and
economics. She had a firm faith in God (she was a Unitarian
Christian), and for a time believed she had a religious “calling” that
God spoke to her and called her to his service. She understood that her
calling is to be a nurse, an instrument of God by healing people and that’s what Florence
Nightingle really wants. She was finally able to complete her 3 months nursing training at the
age of 31 in 1851.

In 1854, under the authorization of Sidney Herbert, family friend of the Nightingles’
and the Secretary of War, Florence Nightingle brought a team of 38 volunteer nurses to care for
the soldiers fighting in the Crimean War (the battle between English versus Turkish). She
arrived there at the age of 34 together with her fellow nurses and they found wounded and dying
soldiers in their bad conditions. She was called “The Lady
of the Lamp” as immortalized in the poem “Santa
Filomena” by Longfellow in 1857 because she made ward
rounds during the night to look for the wounded soldiers
and to heal them with her consoling hands. After the war,
Nightingle returned to England and received great
accolades (award) from the Queen of England (Queen
Victoria) which is a fund in recognition of her hard work
during the Crimean War. She used the award to establish
schools for nursing training at St. Thomas’s Hospital and
King’s College Hospital in London. Using the Nightingle model of nursing training, three
experimental schools were established in the United States in 1873 which are the Believue
Hospital in New York, New Haven Hospital in Connecticut and Massachusetts Hospital in
Boston.

Through Nightingle’s notable contribution regarding health and sanitary conditions in the
Crimean War and in England, she was honoured as an excellent scientist and researcher. Her
proficiency as a statistician is also manifested on the reports that she generated troughout her
lifetimes on different subjects of healthcare, nursing, and social reform. Her uniques written
report on her experiences in Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital
Administration of the British Army was submitted to the British Royal Sanitary Commission.
Cohen noted the work of Nightingle as both a researcher and a statistician by stating that “she
helped to pioneer the revolutionary notion that social
phenomena could be objectively measure and subjected
to mathematical analysis”. During her lifetime,
Nightingle’s work was recognized through the may awards
she received from her own country and from many others.
She was able to work into her 80s until she lost her vision
and died in her sleep on August 13, 1910 at the age of 90.
 Community Scenario: Attack of a Disaster

Nightingale is illustrious for her ground-breaking work in nursing and her story inspired me
to continue and never give up in my studies. Her hard working struck me to think that I should also
do that and I want to be like that, a nurse that gives impact to the world where they will soon
recognize me as a good, kind, and loving nurse just like Florence Nightingle. If I would think of a
scenario just like Nightingle’s experience in the Crimean War on how she helped the soldiers, I
would think of an attack of a disaster such as storm, landslide, earthquake, tsunamis,
etc....Disasters are one of the scariest things that happens to earth. It can come anytime and swipe
every living thing in the earth.

Many disasters already happened in the Philippines and one of the scariest disaster
happened in the Philippines is the attack of the
Super Typhoon Yolanda in Tacloban City.
When Super Typhoon Haiyan or Yolanda
struck in 2013 at Tacloban City, it was the
disaster-prone Philippines' worst storm on
record, with 7,350 people dead or missing.
Many families lost everything during the
Typhoon Yolanda and they were left struggling
once the storm was over. The lack of options
for transitional and permanent housing
prolonged the displacements for many families; many of them are still trying to recover.

I thought of this scenario because disasters really hurt people and I, as a future nurse will
study hard so that when the time where a big disaster will fall to Philippines again, at least I
know the steps and doings. When the time will come and my name will be extended into RN, I
want to be one of those nurses that will heal the people who are hurt because of a disaster. I will
volunteer myself to arrive in that damaged area and I will do my best to heal them just like what
Florence Nightingle did to the wounded soldiers. Of course I will expect that in that place, there
will be many diseases already because of bacterias roaming around the place and it can affect my
health, not just me but everyone in that place. There will be open wounds, dead insects in the
floor such as rats, and even dead bodies of a person who have a very scary diseases such as
tuberculosis, influenza, meningitis,
pertussis, and more. These diseases can
transfer it to me and it can affect my health
but it will not stop me from healing other
people. I must think of my responsibility as
a nurse because just like Florence
Nightingle, nursing is also my calling. God
wants me to be his instrument to heal
people with sickness and with the help of
the Lord I know I will succeed in my
mission.
 Theory of Jean Watson

Margaret Jean Harman Watson, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN,

was born in the small town of Welch, West Virginia in June 10,
1940. She is the youngest of eight children and she was surrounded
by an extended family – community environment. Jean Watson
attended high school in West Virginia and then attended the Lewis
Gale School of Nursing in Roanoke, Virginia. After graduation, she
married Douglas Watson and she has two grown daughters who are
Jennifer and Julie, and five grandchildren.

She earned a baccalaureate in nursing in 1964, a master’s

degree in 1966, and a doctorate in educational psychology and
counselling in 1973. After competing in her doctorate she joined the School of Nursing Faculty
at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, serving in both faculty and administrative
positions. In 1981 and 1982, she pursued international sabbatical studies in New Zealand,
Australia, India, Thailand, and Taiwan; In 1980s, Watson and her colleagues established Center
for Human Caring at the University of Colorado, the nation’s first interdisciplinary center using
human caring knowledge for clinical practice, scholarship, administration, and leadership.

At the University of Colorado of Nursing, Watson serves as chairperson and assistant

dean of the undergraduate program, implementing the nursing PhD program, and served as a
director of the PhD program from 1978-1981. Watson was dean of the University of Colorado of
Nursing and associate director of nursing practice at the University Hospital from 1983-1990.
Watson has been active in man community programs, such as founder and member of the Board
of Boulder County Hospice, and numerous other area healthy care facilities. Watson has received
research and education federal grants, numerous university and private grants, and extramural
funding for faculty and administrative projects and scholarship in human caring.

Jean Watson has authored 11 books, shared authorship of 9 books, and published
countless articles in nursing and interdisciplinary journals. Her first book, Nursing: The
Philosophy and Science of Caring (1979), was reprinted in 1985 and translated into Korean and
French. Her second book, Nursing: Human Science and Human Care – A Theory of Nursing
(1985) reprinted in 1988 and 1999, addressed her conceptual and philosophical probems in
nursing. Her third book, Post Modern Nursing and Beyond (1999), presented a model to
nursing practice into the 21st century.

The 10 Carative Factors

1. Formation of a Humanistic-altruistic system of values

2. Instillation faith – hope
3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others
4. Development of a helping – trusting, human caring relationship
5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings
6. Systematic use of creative problem – solving caring process
7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching – learning training
8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, societal, and
spiritual environment.
9. Assistance with gratification of human needs
10. Allowance for existential – phenomenological – spiritual forces.
Hospital Scenario: